Abstract: Objectives: Nicotine is one of the most addictive naturally occurring drugs and is commonly found in tobacco products. Tobacco products are one of the most common causes of lung and oral cancer all over the world. As the main organ in contact with nicotine is the blood, our aim in the present study was to confirm its effect on the blood, We also studied the protective role of ascorbic acid on nicotine toxicity. Materials and Methods: Different blood toxicity study-related experiments such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes were carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. Results and Conclusion: The results demonstrated that nicotine harms red blood cells in the lysis assay as well as the formation of clots in nicotine-treated samples in the blood clotting analysis. Also, the in silico method proved the validity of the in vitro results. Our research shows that ascorbic acid has protective effects on human blood. It was found that ascorbic acid increases SOD, catalase, and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid also reduced the damage caused by nicotine to Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the lysis assay, and it showed high protection from the formation of clots that formed when treating the samples with nicotine. The results indicate that the antioxidant ascorbic acid can protect against nicotine-induced hemological damage. Keywords: Nicotine, in silico, in vitro, Ascorbic acid, Erythrocytes, Antioxidant
{"title":"In vitro and in silico Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Nicotine-treated Human Erythrocytes (Preliminary Studies)","authors":"Ohoud Saeed S Alamri, Uzma Faridi","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: Nicotine is one of the most addictive naturally occurring drugs and is commonly found in tobacco products. Tobacco products are one of the most common causes of lung and oral cancer all over the world. As the main organ in contact with nicotine is the blood, our aim in the present study was to confirm its effect on the blood, We also studied the protective role of ascorbic acid on nicotine toxicity. Materials and Methods: Different blood toxicity study-related experiments such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes were carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. Results and Conclusion: The results demonstrated that nicotine harms red blood cells in the lysis assay as well as the formation of clots in nicotine-treated samples in the blood clotting analysis. Also, the in silico method proved the validity of the in vitro results. Our research shows that ascorbic acid has protective effects on human blood. It was found that ascorbic acid increases SOD, catalase, and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid also reduced the damage caused by nicotine to Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the lysis assay, and it showed high protection from the formation of clots that formed when treating the samples with nicotine. The results indicate that the antioxidant ascorbic acid can protect against nicotine-induced hemological damage. Keywords: Nicotine, in silico, in vitro, Ascorbic acid, Erythrocytes, Antioxidant","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haranath Chinthaginjala, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Sainath Kethandapatti Srinivasa, Srihith Roy Yaparla, Snehitha Buddadasari, Junaid Abul Hassan, Sai Sree Pullaganti
Abstract: Objectives: The existing study is concerned with the formulation and optimization of dextromethorphan hydrobromide floating tablets via central composite design. Materials and Methods: Direct compression method was employed to prepare the tablets. Drug -excipient studies were executed through FT-IR and DSC analysis. The independent variables selected were the concentrations of Carbopol 934 (X1 ) and HPMC K15M (X2 ). The dependent variables designated were Floating Lag Time (FLT) and Drug Release (DR) at 12 hr. The model was found to be nonlinear and the curvature effect was significant. Hence, the system suggested to central composite design. Results: FT-IR studies demonstrated that there is no considerable interaction amid the drug and the excipients. DSC studies revealed that drug and excipient were compatible as there is no significant alteration in melting point of drug when blended with excipients. The precompression parameters of the formulations showed good flow properties. The evaluation of post compression parameters indicated that all the prepared formulations were within the specified limits. Floating lag time of formulations were marked to be less than 1 min and total floating time exceeding 12 hr. Percentage drug release of all formulations were in the range of 89.7% to 99.4%. The obtained design space/contour plots were used for selecting batches in desirable ranges. Conclusion: The results revealed that experimental design was successfully used to optimize polymer concentrations. It was determined that the central composite design would be used to formulate dextromethorphan gastroretentive floating tablets with fewer trials and higher quality features. Keywords: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Carbopol, HPMC, Central Composite design, Floating lag time.
{"title":"Central Composite Design Assisted Formulation Development and Optimization of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide","authors":"Haranath Chinthaginjala, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Sainath Kethandapatti Srinivasa, Srihith Roy Yaparla, Snehitha Buddadasari, Junaid Abul Hassan, Sai Sree Pullaganti","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: The existing study is concerned with the formulation and optimization of dextromethorphan hydrobromide floating tablets via central composite design. Materials and Methods: Direct compression method was employed to prepare the tablets. Drug -excipient studies were executed through FT-IR and DSC analysis. The independent variables selected were the concentrations of Carbopol 934 (X1 ) and HPMC K15M (X2 ). The dependent variables designated were Floating Lag Time (FLT) and Drug Release (DR) at 12 hr. The model was found to be nonlinear and the curvature effect was significant. Hence, the system suggested to central composite design. Results: FT-IR studies demonstrated that there is no considerable interaction amid the drug and the excipients. DSC studies revealed that drug and excipient were compatible as there is no significant alteration in melting point of drug when blended with excipients. The precompression parameters of the formulations showed good flow properties. The evaluation of post compression parameters indicated that all the prepared formulations were within the specified limits. Floating lag time of formulations were marked to be less than 1 min and total floating time exceeding 12 hr. Percentage drug release of all formulations were in the range of 89.7% to 99.4%. The obtained design space/contour plots were used for selecting batches in desirable ranges. Conclusion: The results revealed that experimental design was successfully used to optimize polymer concentrations. It was determined that the central composite design would be used to formulate dextromethorphan gastroretentive floating tablets with fewer trials and higher quality features. Keywords: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Carbopol, HPMC, Central Composite design, Floating lag time.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This review gives an insight on the anticariogenic role of each of the individual strains of Lactobacillus probiotics on Streptococcus mutans bacterium associated with dental caries and also attempts to emphasize the commercially approved oral probiotic products using Lactobacillus strains exclusively, against dental caries. Probiotics in bacteriotherapy have been an emerging strategy in the management of ‘Dental caries’. Probiotics, protect the tooth surfaces from the competing microbial pathogens in the mouth. Lactobacillus species despite its acidogenicity has taken a breakthrough in the intervention of dental caries due to its acid buffering capacity with dairy product administration and as late colonizers for dental caries. This article compiled the pathogenesis of individual Lactobacillus strains of probiotics in a well-illustrated manner on S. mutans and also the list of the commercial products of oral probiotics with exclusive lactobacillus strains on S. mutans and its effect on dentistry. Probiotic formulations and recent strategies with future perspectives are emphasized. Also, the role of individual Lactobacillus strains and the associated commercial products against dental caries have been compiled to give additional knowledge regarding the changing strategic approach towards dental caries from the laboratory and clinician point of view. Restorative treatment strategies for dental caries act against both disease causing microbial species and commensal of the oral cavity resulting in undesirable adverse effects. As there is a need to switch to probiotics as a natural therapeutic approach, this review has sheds light on proposed pathogenesis, commercial products and future perspective that will promote researchers to work on new Lactobacillus probiotic formulations with greater efficacy in overcoming the emerging multispecies generating with time in caries. Keywords: Biofilm, Dental caries, Lactobacillus, Probiotics, Streptococcus mutans.
{"title":"Biotherapeutic Potential of Lactobacillus Probiotic Strains on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Caries–Pathogenesis Revisited","authors":"Vaishnavi Vedam, Gokul Shankar Sabesan, Arun Kumar Adhikary, Subramani Parasuraman","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This review gives an insight on the anticariogenic role of each of the individual strains of Lactobacillus probiotics on Streptococcus mutans bacterium associated with dental caries and also attempts to emphasize the commercially approved oral probiotic products using Lactobacillus strains exclusively, against dental caries. Probiotics in bacteriotherapy have been an emerging strategy in the management of ‘Dental caries’. Probiotics, protect the tooth surfaces from the competing microbial pathogens in the mouth. Lactobacillus species despite its acidogenicity has taken a breakthrough in the intervention of dental caries due to its acid buffering capacity with dairy product administration and as late colonizers for dental caries. This article compiled the pathogenesis of individual Lactobacillus strains of probiotics in a well-illustrated manner on S. mutans and also the list of the commercial products of oral probiotics with exclusive lactobacillus strains on S. mutans and its effect on dentistry. Probiotic formulations and recent strategies with future perspectives are emphasized. Also, the role of individual Lactobacillus strains and the associated commercial products against dental caries have been compiled to give additional knowledge regarding the changing strategic approach towards dental caries from the laboratory and clinician point of view. Restorative treatment strategies for dental caries act against both disease causing microbial species and commensal of the oral cavity resulting in undesirable adverse effects. As there is a need to switch to probiotics as a natural therapeutic approach, this review has sheds light on proposed pathogenesis, commercial products and future perspective that will promote researchers to work on new Lactobacillus probiotic formulations with greater efficacy in overcoming the emerging multispecies generating with time in caries. Keywords: Biofilm, Dental caries, Lactobacillus, Probiotics, Streptococcus mutans.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojun Deng, Jingfeng Zhao, Qinqin Tian, Haibo Wang
Abstract: Background: Physical chemistry is an important theoretical basic course that supports the development of medicine and pharmacies. Physical chemistry teaching is usually a process of traditional teaching and passive acceptance. The teaching method is singular, and students lack an interest and the ability of autonomous learning. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the application of a hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning based on information resources flipped classroom teaching, the student-centered micro class auxiliary teaching mode in physical chemistry courses to improve student learning outcomes and develop active learning ability. Materials and Methods: Eighteen students in the experimental pharmacy major class, grade 2020, were recruited to study in a physical chemistry course that applies hands-on inquiry learning. Formative and summative evaluation were used to evaluate the students' achievements related to active learning goals. After the study was completed, a survey was administered to demongstrate the teaching results. Results: Student hands-on inquiry learning performance was positively correlated with the final scores. The results show that comprehensive scores of students of 2020 grade (experimental group) are significantly better than grade 2019 students (control group); in particular, the theoretical scores of 2020 grade students are better, and the data are significantly different. The questionnaire showed that most students believed that hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning improved their high-level cognitive skills and enhances their social cohesion and sense of responsibility. Conclusion: The hands-on inquiry teaching strategy developed in this study effectively improved students' performance in formative and summative assessment, and provided a reference basis and informative entry point for the implementation of active learning strategy in higher pharmaceutical education. Keywords: Hands-on inquiry learning, Higher pharmacy education, Active learning, Teaching strategy, Problem-based learning.
{"title":"Applying Hands-on Inquiry Learning in Physical Chemistry Teaching Practice to Improve Teaching Quality","authors":"Xiaojun Deng, Jingfeng Zhao, Qinqin Tian, Haibo Wang","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Physical chemistry is an important theoretical basic course that supports the development of medicine and pharmacies. Physical chemistry teaching is usually a process of traditional teaching and passive acceptance. The teaching method is singular, and students lack an interest and the ability of autonomous learning. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the application of a hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning based on information resources flipped classroom teaching, the student-centered micro class auxiliary teaching mode in physical chemistry courses to improve student learning outcomes and develop active learning ability. Materials and Methods: Eighteen students in the experimental pharmacy major class, grade 2020, were recruited to study in a physical chemistry course that applies hands-on inquiry learning. Formative and summative evaluation were used to evaluate the students' achievements related to active learning goals. After the study was completed, a survey was administered to demongstrate the teaching results. Results: Student hands-on inquiry learning performance was positively correlated with the final scores. The results show that comprehensive scores of students of 2020 grade (experimental group) are significantly better than grade 2019 students (control group); in particular, the theoretical scores of 2020 grade students are better, and the data are significantly different. The questionnaire showed that most students believed that hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning improved their high-level cognitive skills and enhances their social cohesion and sense of responsibility. Conclusion: The hands-on inquiry teaching strategy developed in this study effectively improved students' performance in formative and summative assessment, and provided a reference basis and informative entry point for the implementation of active learning strategy in higher pharmaceutical education. Keywords: Hands-on inquiry learning, Higher pharmacy education, Active learning, Teaching strategy, Problem-based learning.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arjun Arjun HR, Praveen Halagali, Y Mohammed Tausi, Paramakrishnan N Paramakrishnan, Rakshith UR Rakshith
Abstract: The paper aims to accent Type-1 DM along with its etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment in this review. Diabetes is considered the chronic ailment of hypoglycemia ensuing from the duo of the dearth of insulin action and secretion of insulin considered as both. Moreover, Type-1 is a result of autoimmune of the cells of islets of the pancreas. The confrontation to the insulin or secretion of insulin lacking due to changes in living standards, habit change, dearth of exercise along with aging also, but one of the most relevant and prevalent reasons is a lifestyle change and also change in food habits along with the stress of the day-to-day life. Stem cell therapy is an expensive treatment and obtaining stem cells also is difficult due to ethical issues and availability is also less. Presently accessible ailment for type-1 is insulin supply therapy but it is also associated with many hitches. Advanced replacements like islets have demonstrated fruitful results in reinstating glucose levels. Moreover, in severe type 1-DMM and it has been delimited due to its high cost, not economic process, shortfall of donors, etc. Replacement of beta-like cells that are obtained from differentiation of human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) also exhibited results with flying colors and gained the spotlight, but in stem cell therapy getting beta cells along with complete insulin secretion is decisive. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Stem cells, Hyperglycemia.
{"title":"Role of Stem Cells in the Management of Type-I Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Arjun Arjun HR, Praveen Halagali, Y Mohammed Tausi, Paramakrishnan N Paramakrishnan, Rakshith UR Rakshith","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The paper aims to accent Type-1 DM along with its etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment in this review. Diabetes is considered the chronic ailment of hypoglycemia ensuing from the duo of the dearth of insulin action and secretion of insulin considered as both. Moreover, Type-1 is a result of autoimmune of the cells of islets of the pancreas. The confrontation to the insulin or secretion of insulin lacking due to changes in living standards, habit change, dearth of exercise along with aging also, but one of the most relevant and prevalent reasons is a lifestyle change and also change in food habits along with the stress of the day-to-day life. Stem cell therapy is an expensive treatment and obtaining stem cells also is difficult due to ethical issues and availability is also less. Presently accessible ailment for type-1 is insulin supply therapy but it is also associated with many hitches. Advanced replacements like islets have demonstrated fruitful results in reinstating glucose levels. Moreover, in severe type 1-DMM and it has been delimited due to its high cost, not economic process, shortfall of donors, etc. Replacement of beta-like cells that are obtained from differentiation of human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) also exhibited results with flying colors and gained the spotlight, but in stem cell therapy getting beta cells along with complete insulin secretion is decisive. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Stem cells, Hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neha S Raut, Ram Musle, Monika Raut, Rakesh M Kanchhul, Ekant S Taywade, Milind J Umekar
Abstract: Antibacterial drugs had an essential role in the treatment of various diseases from a long-time whereas excess use leads to resistance and toxicity which is a great challenge in the health sector. The most important factors responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance includes globalization, self-medication, repetitive and excess use of antimicrobials, continuous intake of broad-spectrum agents, and less availability of an effective antimicrobial agents. The increased resistance of antibiotic towards many microorganisms threatens further use in the treatment or the increased dose may lead to toxicity. It is also estimated and found that if no new antibiotics or antibacterial drugs discovered in the current situation then there is an urgent need to identify and develop an alternative effective method for the treatment of antibiotic resistant. Green synthesized nanoparticles are most effective, eco-friendly, and efficient on resistant microorganisms. Therefore, the present review is to summarise the mechanisms, classifications, limitations, and applications, of various nanotherapeutics nano formulations as a promising and effective treatment for the repetitive development of antibiotic resistance by different strains of bacteria. Keywords: Nanomaterial, Antibiotic resistant, Microorganism, Metal, Antibacterial, Chemotherapy.
{"title":"Sustainable Antimicrobial Nanomaterials: A Promising Treatment for Multiple Drug Resistant Microorganisms","authors":"Neha S Raut, Ram Musle, Monika Raut, Rakesh M Kanchhul, Ekant S Taywade, Milind J Umekar","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Antibacterial drugs had an essential role in the treatment of various diseases from a long-time whereas excess use leads to resistance and toxicity which is a great challenge in the health sector. The most important factors responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance includes globalization, self-medication, repetitive and excess use of antimicrobials, continuous intake of broad-spectrum agents, and less availability of an effective antimicrobial agents. The increased resistance of antibiotic towards many microorganisms threatens further use in the treatment or the increased dose may lead to toxicity. It is also estimated and found that if no new antibiotics or antibacterial drugs discovered in the current situation then there is an urgent need to identify and develop an alternative effective method for the treatment of antibiotic resistant. Green synthesized nanoparticles are most effective, eco-friendly, and efficient on resistant microorganisms. Therefore, the present review is to summarise the mechanisms, classifications, limitations, and applications, of various nanotherapeutics nano formulations as a promising and effective treatment for the repetitive development of antibiotic resistance by different strains of bacteria. Keywords: Nanomaterial, Antibiotic resistant, Microorganism, Metal, Antibacterial, Chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disorder affecting musculoskeletal and autoimmune system with inflammatory characteristics. Anemia is most prevailing, among other extra-articular complications in RA. These complications are analogous to exorbitant inflammation and biological redox imbalance which ultimately affects the quality life and life expectancy of RA patients. Objectives: The study was planned to investigate the palliative action of Woodfordia fruticosa (WF) leaf extracts and isolation from active fraction, on articular/ extra-articular complications in rats with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Materials and Methods: The action of Petroleum ether (WFP) and Ethanolic (WFE) extracts of WF was assessed in CFA induced adult Lewis rats (180-200gm) arthritic rats. In prophylactic treatment they received WF extracts 100mg/kg p.o. for 28 successive days and therapeutic treatment from the 14th day of CFA injection. Active extract was then fractionated by solvent-solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was characterized by TLC and various spectroscopic studies. Results: WFP significantly alleviated the severity of arthritis in animals than WFE in 28 days. Remarkable reduction (p< 0.001) in various complications was observed including paw volume (85.42%), loss in body weight, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, locomotor activity, and lipid peroxidation of hepatic/ synovial tissues and increment in SOD (U/mg) activities. A compound was isolated and characterized by UV, TLC, FTIR, LCMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Conclusion: WFP at 100mg/kg was advantageous in the superintendence of RA intricacies which was also confirmed by the histological and radiological studies. And a tannin compound Woodfruticosin was isolated. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Chromatography, Isolation, Spectroscopy, Woodfruticosin
{"title":"Palliative Action of Woodfordia fruticosa Leaves Containing Woodfruticosin on Biological Redox Imbalance and Anemia in CFA–Induced Arthritic Rats","authors":"Ashish Singhai, Yusra Ahmad, Umesh Kumar Patil","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disorder affecting musculoskeletal and autoimmune system with inflammatory characteristics. Anemia is most prevailing, among other extra-articular complications in RA. These complications are analogous to exorbitant inflammation and biological redox imbalance which ultimately affects the quality life and life expectancy of RA patients. Objectives: The study was planned to investigate the palliative action of Woodfordia fruticosa (WF) leaf extracts and isolation from active fraction, on articular/ extra-articular complications in rats with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Materials and Methods: The action of Petroleum ether (WFP) and Ethanolic (WFE) extracts of WF was assessed in CFA induced adult Lewis rats (180-200gm) arthritic rats. In prophylactic treatment they received WF extracts 100mg/kg p.o. for 28 successive days and therapeutic treatment from the 14th day of CFA injection. Active extract was then fractionated by solvent-solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques. The isolated compound was characterized by TLC and various spectroscopic studies. Results: WFP significantly alleviated the severity of arthritis in animals than WFE in 28 days. Remarkable reduction (p< 0.001) in various complications was observed including paw volume (85.42%), loss in body weight, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, locomotor activity, and lipid peroxidation of hepatic/ synovial tissues and increment in SOD (U/mg) activities. A compound was isolated and characterized by UV, TLC, FTIR, LCMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Conclusion: WFP at 100mg/kg was advantageous in the superintendence of RA intricacies which was also confirmed by the histological and radiological studies. And a tannin compound Woodfruticosin was isolated. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Chromatography, Isolation, Spectroscopy, Woodfruticosin","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Aim/Background: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) belongs to the Solanaceae family, well known for its phyto-pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. The study aimed to formulate and evaluate chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles of ashwagandha extract. The nanoparticle formulation technique was considered in order to rectify the various constraints associated with ashwagandhas, such as intestinal absorption, burst release of the drug, and bioavailability issues. Materials and Methods: The CS-PLGA NPs were prepared by single-emulsion solvent evaporation method and it was optimized by using the Box-Behnken design in Design-Expert Software to determine the influence of independent variables PLGA, chitosan concentration and sonication time on particle size. PDI and entrapment efficiency. Results: The particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were found to be 187.1nm, 0.148, and 31.3mV. Optical microscopy and SEM suggest that the particles were smooth, spherical, and uniform in size. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation was found to be 84.28%. In vitro drug release study suggests that the enteric coating of the CS-PLGA NPs formulation prevented the drug release in SGF and showed sustained drug release than pure ashwagandha and the drug release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Furthermore, the CS-PLGA NPs were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity over DPPH, and in vitro cytotoxicity assay over CaCo-2 cell lines. The results showed enhanced antioxidant activity than pure ashwagandha and better cytotoxicity over CaCO-2 cells. Conclusion: The studies concluded that CS-PLGA NPs showed sustained drug release for a prolonged period. The formulation showed good antioxidant activity and better efficacy in cancer cells. Keywords: Ashwagandha, Nanoparticles, Chitosan, PLGA, Anti-cancer activity.
{"title":"Mucoadhesive Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles of Ashwagandha Extract for Colon-Targeted Delivery","authors":"Abhilash Megaravalli Manjunath, Sneh Priya, Divya Jyothi","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim/Background: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) belongs to the Solanaceae family, well known for its phyto-pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. The study aimed to formulate and evaluate chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles of ashwagandha extract. The nanoparticle formulation technique was considered in order to rectify the various constraints associated with ashwagandhas, such as intestinal absorption, burst release of the drug, and bioavailability issues. Materials and Methods: The CS-PLGA NPs were prepared by single-emulsion solvent evaporation method and it was optimized by using the Box-Behnken design in Design-Expert Software to determine the influence of independent variables PLGA, chitosan concentration and sonication time on particle size. PDI and entrapment efficiency. Results: The particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the optimized formulation were found to be 187.1nm, 0.148, and 31.3mV. Optical microscopy and SEM suggest that the particles were smooth, spherical, and uniform in size. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation was found to be 84.28%. In vitro drug release study suggests that the enteric coating of the CS-PLGA NPs formulation prevented the drug release in SGF and showed sustained drug release than pure ashwagandha and the drug release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Furthermore, the CS-PLGA NPs were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity over DPPH, and in vitro cytotoxicity assay over CaCo-2 cell lines. The results showed enhanced antioxidant activity than pure ashwagandha and better cytotoxicity over CaCO-2 cells. Conclusion: The studies concluded that CS-PLGA NPs showed sustained drug release for a prolonged period. The formulation showed good antioxidant activity and better efficacy in cancer cells. Keywords: Ashwagandha, Nanoparticles, Chitosan, PLGA, Anti-cancer activity.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Objectives: Presently, diabetes is a major chronic metabolic abnormality characterized by sustained hyperglycemia. Diabetic neuropathy, encephalopathy, diabetes induced anxiety, depression is common life-threatening complications in which hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress plays major role in pathogenesis. Sinapic acid is a phenolic acid, reported with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anxiolytic activity and also it is proven to be neuroprotective in diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to evaluate anti-depressant activity of Sinapic acid on STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6). Diabetes was induced by single dose of STZ injection 55 mg/kg i.p. and sinapic acid was administered orally (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) after confirmation of hyperglycemia for next 4 weeks. Behavioural parameters like tail suspension test and forced swim test, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH), oxidative stress (NO, MDA), total protein level were estimated and morphology of brain was examined histopathologically. Results: The results suggested that sinapic acid have decreased duration and percent of immobility, oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes and total protein level. Morphological damage and neuronal degeneration in brain tissue was normalised by Sinapic acid. Conclusion: Thus, Sinapic acid shows antidepressant activity in diabetes induced depression. Keywords: Sinapicacid, STZ, Diabetes, Depression.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sinapic Acid on STZ-induced Depression in Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Shubhangi Pawar, Sheetal Shinde, Ekta Khapare, Rishikesh Bacchav","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: Presently, diabetes is a major chronic metabolic abnormality characterized by sustained hyperglycemia. Diabetic neuropathy, encephalopathy, diabetes induced anxiety, depression is common life-threatening complications in which hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress plays major role in pathogenesis. Sinapic acid is a phenolic acid, reported with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anxiolytic activity and also it is proven to be neuroprotective in diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to evaluate anti-depressant activity of Sinapic acid on STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6). Diabetes was induced by single dose of STZ injection 55 mg/kg i.p. and sinapic acid was administered orally (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) after confirmation of hyperglycemia for next 4 weeks. Behavioural parameters like tail suspension test and forced swim test, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH), oxidative stress (NO, MDA), total protein level were estimated and morphology of brain was examined histopathologically. Results: The results suggested that sinapic acid have decreased duration and percent of immobility, oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes and total protein level. Morphological damage and neuronal degeneration in brain tissue was normalised by Sinapic acid. Conclusion: Thus, Sinapic acid shows antidepressant activity in diabetes induced depression. Keywords: Sinapicacid, STZ, Diabetes, Depression.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis, an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory illness of the intestinal mucosa is primarily fuelled by inflammation and oxidative stress. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Plantago ovata husk in mice with Trinitro Benzenesulfonic Acid (TNBS)-induced Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to TNBS intrarectally, causing ulcerative colitis. All mice received diet supplemented with Plantago ovata husk polysaccharide for 6 days, and their clinical symptoms were identified and evaluated. Following sacrifice, analyses of macroscopic and microscopic damage, intestinal oxidative stress levels, and antioxidant enzyme levels were performed. The colon's histological characteristics were also examined. Results: In comparison to the induced group, the highest dose significantly reduced the ulcer index, the histopathologic damage, and levels of NO, LPO, and MPO in tissues. Furthermore, SOD and GSH levels were increased restoring the balance of oxidants in colonic mucosa. The healing of injured tissues was also evident from the histology analysis. Conclusion: In higher doses, P. ovata husk extract significantly lowers mucosal damage and inflammation in mice with UC. P. ovata husk extract showed moderate protective effects and can be beneficial in treating Ulcerative colitis. Keywords: Plantago ovata, Polysaccharide, Ulcerative colitis, TNBS, Inflammation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Polysaccharide Derived from Plantago ovata Husk on Trinitro Benzenesulfonic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice","authors":"Jiangtao Hu, Siying Wang","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Ulcerative colitis, an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory illness of the intestinal mucosa is primarily fuelled by inflammation and oxidative stress. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Plantago ovata husk in mice with Trinitro Benzenesulfonic Acid (TNBS)-induced Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to TNBS intrarectally, causing ulcerative colitis. All mice received diet supplemented with Plantago ovata husk polysaccharide for 6 days, and their clinical symptoms were identified and evaluated. Following sacrifice, analyses of macroscopic and microscopic damage, intestinal oxidative stress levels, and antioxidant enzyme levels were performed. The colon's histological characteristics were also examined. Results: In comparison to the induced group, the highest dose significantly reduced the ulcer index, the histopathologic damage, and levels of NO, LPO, and MPO in tissues. Furthermore, SOD and GSH levels were increased restoring the balance of oxidants in colonic mucosa. The healing of injured tissues was also evident from the histology analysis. Conclusion: In higher doses, P. ovata husk extract significantly lowers mucosal damage and inflammation in mice with UC. P. ovata husk extract showed moderate protective effects and can be beneficial in treating Ulcerative colitis. Keywords: Plantago ovata, Polysaccharide, Ulcerative colitis, TNBS, Inflammation.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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