K. Sekiguchi, K. Imaizumi, H. Matsuda, N. Mizuno, Kanako Yoshida, H. Senju, Hajime Sato, K. Kasai
A procedure for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using capillary electrophoresis instead of former gel-based methods is described. The procedure requires less manual manipulation in terms of electrophoresis and, therefore, reduces the chance of either human- or gel-related failures. Thus, the method is suitable for performing mtDNA typing from limited amounts of forensic samples. We also performed mtDNA typing of hair samples using this method, and were successful in typing from both hair roots and hair shafts as well as saliva and nail samples. The amount of PCR product indicated that the amount of mtDNA in the tip side of the hair shaft was less than that in the root side. However, one hair sample showed equal amounts of PCR products in both the tip and the root side. For the analysis of a sample derived from an individual with heteroplasmic mtDNA, the proportions of heteroplasmy from the saliva and nail samples were different from those from hair samples. For analyses of hairs from the same individual, each region of the hair showed different proportions of heteroplasmy and the results indicated the possibility of the different sequences in the same hair sample. Therefore, mtDNA analysis of hair samples will require additional investigation of procedures for heteroplasmic mtDNA. These results strongly suggest that the application of the developed method for hair samples will require careful treatment of the samples and a rigorous analysis of the results.
{"title":"MtDNA Sequence Analysis Using Capillary Electrophoresis and Its Application to the Analysis of MtDNA in Hair","authors":"K. Sekiguchi, K. Imaizumi, H. Matsuda, N. Mizuno, Kanako Yoshida, H. Senju, Hajime Sato, K. Kasai","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.7.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.7.123","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using capillary electrophoresis instead of former gel-based methods is described. The procedure requires less manual manipulation in terms of electrophoresis and, therefore, reduces the chance of either human- or gel-related failures. Thus, the method is suitable for performing mtDNA typing from limited amounts of forensic samples. We also performed mtDNA typing of hair samples using this method, and were successful in typing from both hair roots and hair shafts as well as saliva and nail samples. The amount of PCR product indicated that the amount of mtDNA in the tip side of the hair shaft was less than that in the root side. However, one hair sample showed equal amounts of PCR products in both the tip and the root side. For the analysis of a sample derived from an individual with heteroplasmic mtDNA, the proportions of heteroplasmy from the saliva and nail samples were different from those from hair samples. For analyses of hairs from the same individual, each region of the hair showed different proportions of heteroplasmy and the results indicated the possibility of the different sequences in the same hair sample. Therefore, mtDNA analysis of hair samples will require additional investigation of procedures for heteroplasmic mtDNA. These results strongly suggest that the application of the developed method for hair samples will require careful treatment of the samples and a rigorous analysis of the results.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128142414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The variation of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene(cyt b) has been a rich source of phylogenetic inference in a wide range of animal species. In the present study, PCR-RFLP pattern of cyt b were compared to identify species of animals for forensic science investigation. Using total DNA isolated from blood of five human individuals, eight species of mammal(baboon, cow, pig, dog, cat, bear, deer and raccoon dog) and two species of bird(chicken and wild duck), cyt b were analyzed by using the PCR method. Using the primers designed for cyt b by Chikuni et al. (1994), cyt b was amplified to obtain about 700bp fragment from seven mammals(human, baboon, cow, pig, cat, bear and deer) and two birds (chicken and wild duck). The PCR products were digested with two restriction endonucleases(Hae III or Hinf I), and the difference was observed among mammals and birds as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PCR-PFLP patterns with Hinf I of human differed from other animals. In this study, nine animal species could be simply identified by this method. DNAs from some spiecies were not able to be amplified probably depending on a mismatch of primers. The polymorphism in cyt b was a useful tool for species identification in a forensic casework. Further study is needed to apply this method to a forensic casework.
{"title":"Application of Mitochondrial DNA for Cytochrome b Gene to Species Identification in Forensic Science","authors":"S. Nakaki, M. Nishibori, Yoshio Yamamoto","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"The variation of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene(cyt b) has been a rich source of phylogenetic inference in a wide range of animal species. In the present study, PCR-RFLP pattern of cyt b were compared to identify species of animals for forensic science investigation. Using total DNA isolated from blood of five human individuals, eight species of mammal(baboon, cow, pig, dog, cat, bear, deer and raccoon dog) and two species of bird(chicken and wild duck), cyt b were analyzed by using the PCR method. Using the primers designed for cyt b by Chikuni et al. (1994), cyt b was amplified to obtain about 700bp fragment from seven mammals(human, baboon, cow, pig, cat, bear and deer) and two birds (chicken and wild duck). The PCR products were digested with two restriction endonucleases(Hae III or Hinf I), and the difference was observed among mammals and birds as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PCR-PFLP patterns with Hinf I of human differed from other animals. In this study, nine animal species could be simply identified by this method. DNAs from some spiecies were not able to be amplified probably depending on a mismatch of primers. The polymorphism in cyt b was a useful tool for species identification in a forensic casework. Further study is needed to apply this method to a forensic casework.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131019134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanako Yoshida, K. Kasai, H. Senju, K. Sekiguchi, N. Mizuno, I. Sakai, Hajime Sato, S. Seta
{"title":"TH01 Typing of Japanese Population and its Application to Evidential Samples","authors":"Kanako Yoshida, K. Kasai, H. Senju, K. Sekiguchi, N. Mizuno, I. Sakai, Hajime Sato, S. Seta","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kubota, S. Miyasaka, M. Yoshino, Ken Tanaka, Takako Inoue, S. Seta
{"title":"Behavioral Changes in Guinea Pigs Treated with Long-Term Administration of Methamphetamine and Immunohistochemical Changes in Their Brains","authors":"S. Kubota, S. Miyasaka, M. Yoshino, Ken Tanaka, Takako Inoue, S. Seta","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116217221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been well known that the majority of fire-related deaths are due to the inhalation of toxic combustion products and carbon monoxide (CO) plays a main lethal role in fire accidents. Furthermore, hypoxia and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the hypoxic condition have recently been shown to potentiate CO-induced death. This study was aimed at examining whether the relation between pO2 and COHb concentration clarify the major cause for death of fire victims. Blood gases and COHb concentration in the blood of fire victims (n=10) and the rabbits inhaled with the toxic gases (CO2-toxic gas : O2 5.0% ; CO2 16.0% ; CO 1.8% ; N2 77.2%, room air + CO gas : O2 21.0% ; CO 1.8% ; N2 77.2%, hypoxic condition : O2 2.0% ; N2 98.0%) were measured. From the relation between pO2 level and COHb concentration of the victims and the rabbits, the major causes for death classified into 4 groups : 1) pure CO intoxication, 2) hypoxia + (CO intoxication), 3) potentiation of CO2 in the hypoxic condition and/or potentiation of hypoxia for CO intoxication, 4) others.
{"title":"Estimation of the Major Cause for Toxic Gases Inhalation-Induced Death in Fire Accident, with the Use of the Classification of Gas Toxicity in Rabbits","authors":"K. Harafuji","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"It has been well known that the majority of fire-related deaths are due to the inhalation of toxic combustion products and carbon monoxide (CO) plays a main lethal role in fire accidents. Furthermore, hypoxia and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the hypoxic condition have recently been shown to potentiate CO-induced death. This study was aimed at examining whether the relation between pO2 and COHb concentration clarify the major cause for death of fire victims. Blood gases and COHb concentration in the blood of fire victims (n=10) and the rabbits inhaled with the toxic gases (CO2-toxic gas : O2 5.0% ; CO2 16.0% ; CO 1.8% ; N2 77.2%, room air + CO gas : O2 21.0% ; CO 1.8% ; N2 77.2%, hypoxic condition : O2 2.0% ; N2 98.0%) were measured. From the relation between pO2 level and COHb concentration of the victims and the rabbits, the major causes for death classified into 4 groups : 1) pure CO intoxication, 2) hypoxia + (CO intoxication), 3) potentiation of CO2 in the hypoxic condition and/or potentiation of hypoxia for CO intoxication, 4) others.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124945737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tanada, M. Kageura, S. Kashimura, K. Hara, Y. Hieda
An improved method for selected ion monitoring analysis of oxidation hair dyes in human hair is described. Ten centimeter of hair specimen, stained with oxidation hair dye which was left for three months, was dissolved in 0.3 ml of 3N-NaOH solution containing 50 mg of sodium hydrosulfite. Then, the diamines (p-phenylenediamine [PPDA], toluene-2,5-diamine [T-2,5-DA]) were directly extractd with diethyl ether from the degraded hair solution. Aminophenols (o-aminophenol [OAP], m-aminophenol [MAP], p-aminophenol [PAP]) were extracted with diethyl ether from the aqueous layer neutralized with 3N-acetic acid. Both extracts were devivatized with pentaflourobenzaldehyde and analyzed by GC/MS. Though PPDA, T-2,5-DA, OAP, MAP and PAP were not separated by previously repoted method, these five main components of oxidation hair dyes were separated from each other and identified. By this method, MAP could be clearly separated from PAP.
{"title":"An Improved Method for Analysis of Oxidation Dyes in Human Hair","authors":"N. Tanada, M. Kageura, S. Kashimura, K. Hara, Y. Hieda","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"An improved method for selected ion monitoring analysis of oxidation hair dyes in human hair is described. Ten centimeter of hair specimen, stained with oxidation hair dye which was left for three months, was dissolved in 0.3 ml of 3N-NaOH solution containing 50 mg of sodium hydrosulfite. Then, the diamines (p-phenylenediamine [PPDA], toluene-2,5-diamine [T-2,5-DA]) were directly extractd with diethyl ether from the degraded hair solution. Aminophenols (o-aminophenol [OAP], m-aminophenol [MAP], p-aminophenol [PAP]) were extracted with diethyl ether from the aqueous layer neutralized with 3N-acetic acid. Both extracts were devivatized with pentaflourobenzaldehyde and analyzed by GC/MS. Though PPDA, T-2,5-DA, OAP, MAP and PAP were not separated by previously repoted method, these five main components of oxidation hair dyes were separated from each other and identified. By this method, MAP could be clearly separated from PAP.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124515837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyuki Moriyoshi, Toshio Morikawa, T. Abe, Hideki Nakayama, S. Nakaki, K. Itohara
{"title":"The Cranio-Facial Superimposition Technique Using Personal Computer","authors":"Hiroyuki Moriyoshi, Toshio Morikawa, T. Abe, Hideki Nakayama, S. Nakaki, K. Itohara","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.3.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.3.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129563955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"市販 Lewis 式血液型検査用モノクローナル抗体の法科学的検査への応用について","authors":"毅 大森, 俊二 桐原, 元 佐藤, 活子 坂井","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.3.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"36 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132330923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ABO Blood Group System: Transition of Era from Immunoserology to Molecular Biology Triggered by ABO Gene Cloning","authors":"F. Yamamoto","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130176609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the repetition of criminal modus operandi(M.O.) with the data of burglary, i.e., theft through breaking and entering. As the measure of the repetition, the probability that a suspect used the same M.O. in two incidents randomly chosen from previous ones, is calculated. As a result, suspects seem to choose M.O. used in previous incidents as they commit crimes repeatedly. Besides, some M.O. are used consistently over time, though the others change from one incident to the next. Similarity among each type of burglary is also examined by factor analysis.
{"title":"An Analysis on the Repetition of Criminal Modus Operandi","authors":"Kaeko Yokota-Sano, Shōichi Watanabe","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.3.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the repetition of criminal modus operandi(M.O.) with the data of burglary, i.e., theft through breaking and entering. As the measure of the repetition, the probability that a suspect used the same M.O. in two incidents randomly chosen from previous ones, is calculated. As a result, suspects seem to choose M.O. used in previous incidents as they commit crimes repeatedly. Besides, some M.O. are used consistently over time, though the others change from one incident to the next. Similarity among each type of burglary is also examined by factor analysis.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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