This article reviewed previous studies concerning psychophysiological detection of deception in which event-related brain potential(ERP) had been recorded as a response index. The usual dependent measures in detection studies are autonomic activities such as respiratory, electrodermal, and cardiovascular responses that are assumed to be correlates of the emotional state induced by crime relevant questions. Recently, however, researchers in this field have emphasized the importance of cognitive factors rather than emotional ones to detect guilt and this trend facilitates the use of ERP as a detection measure. Several ERP components have been identified and each functional significance during human information-processing has been well described. In the ERP-based detection studies, a component such as P3, N400, or CNV(contingent negative variation) have been used as a detection index. The P3 is elicited by rare and meaningful events that are relevant to the participant's task. The N400 component is elicited by semantic anomalies such as words that complete sentences falsely. The CNV has been variously described as related to expectancy, motivation, and attention. Although these three ERP components seem valid detection measures, the most promising index in the field practice is the P3 component because of its relative ease of recordings and large amplitudes. Moreover, in laboratory studies, correct detection rates by the P3 component are slightly higher than the rates by the conventional autonomic measurements. Several merits of using an ERP component as a detection index are summarized as follows: 1) advancement and elaboration in judgment of test results because ERP are specifically time locked to an event, 2) an improvement of the correct detection rate, 3) an improvement of test objectivity and reliability, and 4) counteracting countermeasures. Before the practical use of ERPs in the psychophysiological detection of deception, however, a method of artifact-free measurement of ERPs and a definite criterion of judgment for individuals must be established.
{"title":"Detection of Deception with Event-Related Brain Potentials","authors":"S. Hira","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviewed previous studies concerning psychophysiological detection of deception in which event-related brain potential(ERP) had been recorded as a response index. The usual dependent measures in detection studies are autonomic activities such as respiratory, electrodermal, and cardiovascular responses that are assumed to be correlates of the emotional state induced by crime relevant questions. Recently, however, researchers in this field have emphasized the importance of cognitive factors rather than emotional ones to detect guilt and this trend facilitates the use of ERP as a detection measure. Several ERP components have been identified and each functional significance during human information-processing has been well described. In the ERP-based detection studies, a component such as P3, N400, or CNV(contingent negative variation) have been used as a detection index. The P3 is elicited by rare and meaningful events that are relevant to the participant's task. The N400 component is elicited by semantic anomalies such as words that complete sentences falsely. The CNV has been variously described as related to expectancy, motivation, and attention. Although these three ERP components seem valid detection measures, the most promising index in the field practice is the P3 component because of its relative ease of recordings and large amplitudes. Moreover, in laboratory studies, correct detection rates by the P3 component are slightly higher than the rates by the conventional autonomic measurements. Several merits of using an ERP component as a detection index are summarized as follows: 1) advancement and elaboration in judgment of test results because ERP are specifically time locked to an event, 2) an improvement of the correct detection rate, 3) an improvement of test objectivity and reliability, and 4) counteracting countermeasures. Before the practical use of ERPs in the psychophysiological detection of deception, however, a method of artifact-free measurement of ERPs and a definite criterion of judgment for individuals must be established.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Inoue, Y. Iwata, T. Kanamori, H. Miyaguchi, K. Tsujikawa, K. Kuwayama, H. Tsutsumi, M. Katagi, H. Tsuchihashi, T. Kishi
1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine, newly controlled as narcotics in Japan on 2003, and their analogues were analyzed. The analytical data with color test, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) are presented. The BZP-like compounds were less sensitive to Simon's reagent than amphetamine type stimulants on spot plates. Using on-site screening kit based on Simon's test (X-Checker®), BZP indicated almost the same result as methamphetamine. For TLC, the solvent system, methanol −25% aqueous ammonia (100 : 1.5), was the best among the systems examined. Iodoplatinate reagent was the most sensitive one to detect BZP. The IR spectra showed sufficient differences to make identification. Trimethylsilylation was the most appropriate choice for the GC/MS analysis of BZP-like compounds in terms of the peak shapes, separation and stability (using a J&W DB-5MS column). In LC/MS analysis, the gradient elution (10 mM formic acid and acetonitrile) using a Waters Symmetry Shield C18 column achieved discrimination of isomers except for 1-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazine and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine. The cone voltage of 30 V was recommended for the LC/MS screening. The information would be useful for identification of piperazines in confiscated powders, liquids or tablets.
{"title":"Analysis of Benzylpiperazine-like Compounds","authors":"H. Inoue, Y. Iwata, T. Kanamori, H. Miyaguchi, K. Tsujikawa, K. Kuwayama, H. Tsutsumi, M. Katagi, H. Tsuchihashi, T. Kishi","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.9.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.9.165","url":null,"abstract":"1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine, newly controlled as narcotics in Japan on 2003, and their analogues were analyzed. The analytical data with color test, thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) are presented. The BZP-like compounds were less sensitive to Simon's reagent than amphetamine type stimulants on spot plates. Using on-site screening kit based on Simon's test (X-Checker®), BZP indicated almost the same result as methamphetamine. For TLC, the solvent system, methanol −25% aqueous ammonia (100 : 1.5), was the best among the systems examined. Iodoplatinate reagent was the most sensitive one to detect BZP. The IR spectra showed sufficient differences to make identification. Trimethylsilylation was the most appropriate choice for the GC/MS analysis of BZP-like compounds in terms of the peak shapes, separation and stability (using a J&W DB-5MS column). In LC/MS analysis, the gradient elution (10 mM formic acid and acetonitrile) using a Waters Symmetry Shield C18 column achieved discrimination of isomers except for 1-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazine and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine. The cone voltage of 30 V was recommended for the LC/MS screening. The information would be useful for identification of piperazines in confiscated powders, liquids or tablets.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132606931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fujii, H. Senju, Kanako Yoshida, Hajime Sato, K. Kasai
We describe a new procedure for the multiplex PCR amplification of the three short tandem repeat (STR) loci; TH01, CSF1PO and TPOX with small amplicon lengths (the Small TCT Multiplex). The accuracy of the Small TCT Multiplex was verified by typing 100 Japanese samples that had been previously typed using an AmpFlSTR Green I PCR amplification kit (Green I Kit). The results using the Small TCT Multiplex were consistent with those obtained by the Green I Kit. STR typing using the Small TCT Multiplex was examined from 36 bloodstain samples that had been left for 1 to 25 years at room temperature and compared to that using the Green I Kit. The Small TCT Multiplex was superior to the Green I Kit for STR typing especially in the case of bloodstain samples that had aged for more than 8 years.
我们描述了一个新的程序多重PCR扩增三个短串联重复(STR)位点;TH01, CSF1PO和TPOX具有较小的放大长度(small TCT Multiplex)。通过使用AmpFlSTR Green I PCR扩增试剂盒(Green I kit)分型100份日本样本，验证了Small TCT Multiplex的准确性。使用Small TCT Multiplex的结果与Green I Kit的结果一致。使用Small TCT Multiplex对36个在室温下放置1至25年的血迹样本进行STR分型检查，并与使用Green I Kit进行比较。Small TCT Multiplex优于Green I Kit用于STR分型，特别是在年龄超过8年的血迹样本的情况下。
{"title":"A New Procedure for the Multiplex PCR Amplification of TH01, CSF1PO and TPOX Loci with Small Amplicon Lengths.","authors":"K. Fujii, H. Senju, Kanako Yoshida, Hajime Sato, K. Kasai","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.6.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.6.129","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a new procedure for the multiplex PCR amplification of the three short tandem repeat (STR) loci; TH01, CSF1PO and TPOX with small amplicon lengths (the Small TCT Multiplex). The accuracy of the Small TCT Multiplex was verified by typing 100 Japanese samples that had been previously typed using an AmpFlSTR Green I PCR amplification kit (Green I Kit). The results using the Small TCT Multiplex were consistent with those obtained by the Green I Kit. STR typing using the Small TCT Multiplex was examined from 36 bloodstain samples that had been left for 1 to 25 years at room temperature and compared to that using the Green I Kit. The Small TCT Multiplex was superior to the Green I Kit for STR typing especially in the case of bloodstain samples that had aged for more than 8 years.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126655228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since DNA analysis technology was introduced to forensic science field in 1985, the effective application of this technology to evidential samples such as bloodstains, body fluid stains and the tissue samples, has been a matter of great interest of forensic science laboratories in the world. As a first step of the application of the DNA analysis to evidential samples, single locus VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) was investigated using specific probes to each locus (YNH24, CMM101, MS1, MS32 etc.) and hybridization methods. Since Saiki et al. reported the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification techniques using Taq polymerase, the adoption of the PCR-based DNA typing systems such as HLADQα, AMPFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms), and STR (Short Tandem Repeat) has become very common in the forensic community. Now, many reports concerning single locus RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)-VNTR, AMPFLP (MCT118), HLADQα, Polymarker and STR have been widely published in the scientific journal and a reasonable combination of these systems has commonly been used for identifying evidential samples. Moreover, the guideline of a quality assurance for DNA analysis has been published from the national forensic science laboratory of each country (FBI in USA, FSS in UK etc.). Recently, the validation studies and the population studies have been performed with respect to STRs such as TH01, CSF1PO, vWA, FES/FPS etc. Studies on the technical strategy for applying mitochondrial DNA analysis to evidential samples and on the application of DNA analysis to ABO blood group are now progressing in the forensic science laboratories in the world.
{"title":"DNA Analysis on Forensic Science","authors":"Hajime Sato","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Since DNA analysis technology was introduced to forensic science field in 1985, the effective application of this technology to evidential samples such as bloodstains, body fluid stains and the tissue samples, has been a matter of great interest of forensic science laboratories in the world. As a first step of the application of the DNA analysis to evidential samples, single locus VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) was investigated using specific probes to each locus (YNH24, CMM101, MS1, MS32 etc.) and hybridization methods. Since Saiki et al. reported the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification techniques using Taq polymerase, the adoption of the PCR-based DNA typing systems such as HLADQα, AMPFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms), and STR (Short Tandem Repeat) has become very common in the forensic community. Now, many reports concerning single locus RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)-VNTR, AMPFLP (MCT118), HLADQα, Polymarker and STR have been widely published in the scientific journal and a reasonable combination of these systems has commonly been used for identifying evidential samples. Moreover, the guideline of a quality assurance for DNA analysis has been published from the national forensic science laboratory of each country (FBI in USA, FSS in UK etc.). Recently, the validation studies and the population studies have been performed with respect to STRs such as TH01, CSF1PO, vWA, FES/FPS etc. Studies on the technical strategy for applying mitochondrial DNA analysis to evidential samples and on the application of DNA analysis to ABO blood group are now progressing in the forensic science laboratories in the world.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For ABO blood typing of human salivary stains, a new mixed agglutination reaction method was devised, in which, OHP film was used as antigen-antibody reaction plate. By this method a series of examination procedures such as extraction of blood group substances, heating-fixation of the substance and incubation with monoclonal antibodies could be performed successively on the OHP film. For the secretor's salivary stain samples, specific agglutination reaction which presents an agglutination circle was observed. ABO blood typing from secretor's salivary stains was correctly performed by this method.
{"title":"Determination of ABO Blood Groups from Human Salivary Stain by the Mixed Agglutination Reaction Method Using an OHP Film","authors":"H. Kasuga","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"For ABO blood typing of human salivary stains, a new mixed agglutination reaction method was devised, in which, OHP film was used as antigen-antibody reaction plate. By this method a series of examination procedures such as extraction of blood group substances, heating-fixation of the substance and incubation with monoclonal antibodies could be performed successively on the OHP film. For the secretor's salivary stain samples, specific agglutination reaction which presents an agglutination circle was observed. ABO blood typing from secretor's salivary stains was correctly performed by this method.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114629952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Matsuda, K. Sekiguchi, K. Kasai, M. Yoshino, S. Seta
Three Kinds of DNA analyses; AmpliType® PM typing, TH01 typing and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis were evaluated to establish the corroborative method for forensic hair comparison. Five scalp telogen hairs were collected from 12 Japanese males ranging in age from 26 to 33 years. DNA was extracted from five hair shafts of 5cm in length and from five hair roots of 3mm in length taken from each subject. The PM typing was performed using the AmpliType® PM PCR Amplification and Typing Kit. The TH01 typing was carried out using Quick-TypeTM HUMTH01 and was detected by silver staining. For the mtDNA analysis, the sequencings of the two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) of control region were performed by using the ABI PRISMTM Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit with AmpliTaq® DNA polymerase FS and ABI PRISMTM model 377 DNA sequencer. In the telogen hair, the hair root was a suitable sample for both PM and TH01 typing compared to the hair shaft samples (about 50% of the subjects could be detected from the hair root samples). The PM typing and TH01 typing showed almost equal detectability. In the mtDNA analysis, the PCR amplifications of HV1 and HV2 were successfully performed in all twelve subjects by employing new primer, and the sequences of the PCR products from two subjects were determined. This result suggests that the mtDNA analysis can be applied for hair comparison in cases where the genomic DNA typing is not available. However, further study for the reliability and reproducibility of the mtDNA analysis should be performed.
{"title":"Evaluation of Various Methods of DNA Analysis for Hair Samples","authors":"H. Matsuda, K. Sekiguchi, K. Kasai, M. Yoshino, S. Seta","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Three Kinds of DNA analyses; AmpliType® PM typing, TH01 typing and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis were evaluated to establish the corroborative method for forensic hair comparison. Five scalp telogen hairs were collected from 12 Japanese males ranging in age from 26 to 33 years. DNA was extracted from five hair shafts of 5cm in length and from five hair roots of 3mm in length taken from each subject. The PM typing was performed using the AmpliType® PM PCR Amplification and Typing Kit. The TH01 typing was carried out using Quick-TypeTM HUMTH01 and was detected by silver staining. For the mtDNA analysis, the sequencings of the two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) of control region were performed by using the ABI PRISMTM Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit with AmpliTaq® DNA polymerase FS and ABI PRISMTM model 377 DNA sequencer. In the telogen hair, the hair root was a suitable sample for both PM and TH01 typing compared to the hair shaft samples (about 50% of the subjects could be detected from the hair root samples). The PM typing and TH01 typing showed almost equal detectability. In the mtDNA analysis, the PCR amplifications of HV1 and HV2 were successfully performed in all twelve subjects by employing new primer, and the sequences of the PCR products from two subjects were determined. This result suggests that the mtDNA analysis can be applied for hair comparison in cases where the genomic DNA typing is not available. However, further study for the reliability and reproducibility of the mtDNA analysis should be performed.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130706730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kubota, Y. Iwata, H. Matsuda, K. Imaizumi, S. Miyasaka, M. Yoshino
Ultrastructural changes of the brain of rats that inhaled marijuana cigarettes for 8 weeks were examined by electron microscopy, simultaneously with immunohistochemical investigation for serotonergic neuronal activities in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the hippocampus (CA-1) and the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD). In the animals that inhaled marijuana, numerous cored and coated vesicles were observed near the well-developed Golgi apparatus of the NRD neurons. The lamellar membranous structure was found frequently in the dendrite, and occasionally in the axon, and the synapse of the marijuana-smoking animals. The serotonin-immunostainability in neurons of the NRD was significantly stronger in the animals that inhaled marijuana than in the non-treated ones. The serotonin-immunostainability in nerve fibers and terminals of the NAc and the CA-1 showed an obvious decrease compared with that of the non-treated animals. These findings suggest that the neurons in the NRD that is the original nucleus of the serotonergic nerve system have become functionally hyperactive by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but it may induce the dysfunction of serotonin transmission from the original nucleus.
{"title":"Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Changes of Rat Brain after Long-Term Marijuana Inhalation","authors":"S. Kubota, Y. Iwata, H. Matsuda, K. Imaizumi, S. Miyasaka, M. Yoshino","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrastructural changes of the brain of rats that inhaled marijuana cigarettes for 8 weeks were examined by electron microscopy, simultaneously with immunohistochemical investigation for serotonergic neuronal activities in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the hippocampus (CA-1) and the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD). In the animals that inhaled marijuana, numerous cored and coated vesicles were observed near the well-developed Golgi apparatus of the NRD neurons. The lamellar membranous structure was found frequently in the dendrite, and occasionally in the axon, and the synapse of the marijuana-smoking animals. The serotonin-immunostainability in neurons of the NRD was significantly stronger in the animals that inhaled marijuana than in the non-treated ones. The serotonin-immunostainability in nerve fibers and terminals of the NAc and the CA-1 showed an obvious decrease compared with that of the non-treated animals. These findings suggest that the neurons in the NRD that is the original nucleus of the serotonergic nerve system have become functionally hyperactive by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but it may induce the dysfunction of serotonin transmission from the original nucleus.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123132060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Takatsu, Naoyuki Yasuda, H. Nishiwaki, T. Yamana, Toshiharu Ishida, T. Tajima
The detection of latent fingerprints by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping method was investigated. The fingerprint attached on an aluminum plate was measured by the reflection spectroscopy at 100 μm square units. Mapping was conducted to utilize the absorbance area of lipid peak (C-H stretching) at 2,750cm-1 and 3,050cm-1 in each measurement. Although this method was time consuming to measure even the narrow surface on aluminum plate, it was possible to reconstruct a clear picture of latent fingerprints. However, application of this method to latent fingerprints on non-flat surface was difficult.
{"title":"Detection of Latent Fingerprint by Mapping Method Utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer","authors":"M. Takatsu, Naoyuki Yasuda, H. Nishiwaki, T. Yamana, Toshiharu Ishida, T. Tajima","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of latent fingerprints by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping method was investigated. The fingerprint attached on an aluminum plate was measured by the reflection spectroscopy at 100 μm square units. Mapping was conducted to utilize the absorbance area of lipid peak (C-H stretching) at 2,750cm-1 and 3,050cm-1 in each measurement. Although this method was time consuming to measure even the narrow surface on aluminum plate, it was possible to reconstruct a clear picture of latent fingerprints. However, application of this method to latent fingerprints on non-flat surface was difficult.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sekiguchi, K. Imaizumi, K. Fujii, H. Senju, N. Mizuno, I. Sakai, K. Kasai, Hajime Sato, S. Seta
Nucleotide sequences of 2 hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2) within the control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed from 55 unrelated Japanese. About 700 nucleotides were sequenced by using the nested PCR and the solid-phase direct sequencing methods. Comparison of these sequences with Anderson's reference sequence revealed 97 mutation types within 93 positions, and 11 positions of them were novel. Fifty five samples analyzed were classified into 52 different sequences, while 3 pairs have shown the same sequences. Comparison of the Japanese sequences to those reported from other populations indicated many differences in such a point that the substitutions at 16,223 and 73 in Japanese were more frequent than those in Caucasian, while the substitutions at 16,126 and 16,311 in Japanese were less frequent than those in Caucasian. Twenty one of 55 samples analyzed showed a T-to-C transition at the position 16,189 of the C-stretch region in the HV1 region. This replacement caused the blurred bands on the sequence image, which resulted in the ambiguity of exact number of cytosine in the C-stretch region of HV1. For this ambiguity, the number of cytosine in the C-stretch region should not be currently taken into account in forensic practices of individualization of evidence samples. Regardless of such problem, the polymorphisms of HV1 and HV2 regions are highly useful for individual identification.
{"title":"Sequence Polymorphisms of the Control Region of Human Mitochondrial DNA in Japanese Population","authors":"K. Sekiguchi, K. Imaizumi, K. Fujii, H. Senju, N. Mizuno, I. Sakai, K. Kasai, Hajime Sato, S. Seta","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleotide sequences of 2 hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2) within the control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed from 55 unrelated Japanese. About 700 nucleotides were sequenced by using the nested PCR and the solid-phase direct sequencing methods. Comparison of these sequences with Anderson's reference sequence revealed 97 mutation types within 93 positions, and 11 positions of them were novel. Fifty five samples analyzed were classified into 52 different sequences, while 3 pairs have shown the same sequences. Comparison of the Japanese sequences to those reported from other populations indicated many differences in such a point that the substitutions at 16,223 and 73 in Japanese were more frequent than those in Caucasian, while the substitutions at 16,126 and 16,311 in Japanese were less frequent than those in Caucasian. Twenty one of 55 samples analyzed showed a T-to-C transition at the position 16,189 of the C-stretch region in the HV1 region. This replacement caused the blurred bands on the sequence image, which resulted in the ambiguity of exact number of cytosine in the C-stretch region of HV1. For this ambiguity, the number of cytosine in the C-stretch region should not be currently taken into account in forensic practices of individualization of evidence samples. Regardless of such problem, the polymorphisms of HV1 and HV2 regions are highly useful for individual identification.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133640478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazumi Matsushima, T. Nagai, H. Nihei, F. Kikuchi, S. Tokudome
We report that a new type of l (−)-methamphetamine (MAMP) tablet recently found in Tochigi Prefecture is an abused drug of a new class. This tablet contains not only the stimulant l (−)-MAMP but also the stimulant caffeine and the anaesthetic ketamine. The constituent is the mixing ratio of 3.7% (approximately 13 mg) for l (−)-MAMP, 40.0% (approximately 140 mg) for caffeine and 9.1% (approximately 32 mg) for ketamine per one tablet. We are worrying about regular use of this new tablet as well as the traditional d (+)-MAMP crystal because these substances exhibit habituation and addiction, though its constituents were not detected from the urine specimens of a subject.
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