Simultaneous determination of inorganic ions including cyanide by photometric ion chromatography was useful for a cyanide analysis in drinks, but not applicable to that in blood, because of its poor resolution for cyanide and chloride. In this report, to determine cyanide in blood, we adopted a selective and sensitive method for cyanide based on a fluorometric reaction with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde (NDA) and taurine to afford 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindole derivative. Cyanide was extracted from blood by adding water and methanol to whole blood, and then derivatized with NDA and taurine. The cyanide derivative was analyzed on a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph system with fluorescence detector. In the analysis of standard solutions, the reagent blank showed a minor peak of cyanide corresponding to ca. 0.04 ng/ml. Thus the lower detection limit for cyanide standard solution was 0.1 ng/ml as 2.5-fold concentration of the reagent blank peak. The peak seemed to be due to trace cyanide in reagents, however, it was so minor peak that it didn't interfere with cyanide determination in blood. The calibration curve for cyanide standard solution was linear in the range 0.1-200 ng/ml. In the blood analysis, the method enabled us to determine cyanide from healthy persons level (ca. 10 ng/ml) to fatal level (ca. 3000 ng/ml) employing the same treatment.
{"title":"Determination of Cyanide in Blood by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection","authors":"S. Chinaka, N. Takayama","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous determination of inorganic ions including cyanide by photometric ion chromatography was useful for a cyanide analysis in drinks, but not applicable to that in blood, because of its poor resolution for cyanide and chloride. In this report, to determine cyanide in blood, we adopted a selective and sensitive method for cyanide based on a fluorometric reaction with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde (NDA) and taurine to afford 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindole derivative. Cyanide was extracted from blood by adding water and methanol to whole blood, and then derivatized with NDA and taurine. The cyanide derivative was analyzed on a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph system with fluorescence detector. In the analysis of standard solutions, the reagent blank showed a minor peak of cyanide corresponding to ca. 0.04 ng/ml. Thus the lower detection limit for cyanide standard solution was 0.1 ng/ml as 2.5-fold concentration of the reagent blank peak. The peak seemed to be due to trace cyanide in reagents, however, it was so minor peak that it didn't interfere with cyanide determination in blood. The calibration curve for cyanide standard solution was linear in the range 0.1-200 ng/ml. In the blood analysis, the method enabled us to determine cyanide from healthy persons level (ca. 10 ng/ml) to fatal level (ca. 3000 ng/ml) employing the same treatment.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127817746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mizuno, F. Calafell, R. Lu, K. Kasai, Hajime Sato
Six short tandem repeat loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DS392 and DYS393) on the nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome were examined to investigate the usefulness of Y-chromosome haplotyping for human identification purposes in the Japanese and Taiwanese populations. In addition to STR loci, a Y-chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism (YAP) was tested in the Japanese samples.
{"title":"Y-Specific Polymorphisms in the Japanese and Taiwanese Populations","authors":"N. Mizuno, F. Calafell, R. Lu, K. Kasai, Hajime Sato","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.5.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.5.61","url":null,"abstract":"Six short tandem repeat loci (DYS19, DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DS392 and DYS393) on the nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome were examined to investigate the usefulness of Y-chromosome haplotyping for human identification purposes in the Japanese and Taiwanese populations. In addition to STR loci, a Y-chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism (YAP) was tested in the Japanese samples.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128081777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yoshino, H. Matsuda, S. Kubota, K. Imaizumi, S. Miyasaka
The face-to-face superimposition was experimentally performed to assess the reliability of the facial image comparison with the computer-assisted facial image identification system. For evaluating the match of the 3D and 2D facial images of the same person, the 3D facial image obtained from 25 examinees was compared to the 2D oblique facial image of the same examinees ten times, yielding 250 superimpositions. In the case of the different person, the 3D facial images of 25 examinees were each compared to the 2D facial images of other 24 examinees, yielding 600 superimpositions. The average distance obtained from the reciprocal point-to-point differences on sixteen anthropometrical points of the 3D and 2D images was used as a matching criterion. The results showed that the measuring system for the reciprocal point-to-point differences on the superimposition image was reproducible. The ranges of the average distance were 1.4-3.3 for the same person and 2.6-7.0 for a different person, respectively. The average distance and percentage error at the FP/FN crossover point were 3.1 and 4.2%. In this experiment, it was suggested that the facial image comparison using the reciprocal points matching was reliable when the threshold of the average distance was 2.5.
{"title":"Assessment of Computer-assisted Comparison between 3D and 2D Facial Images.","authors":"M. Yoshino, H. Matsuda, S. Kubota, K. Imaizumi, S. Miyasaka","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.5.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.5.9","url":null,"abstract":"The face-to-face superimposition was experimentally performed to assess the reliability of the facial image comparison with the computer-assisted facial image identification system. For evaluating the match of the 3D and 2D facial images of the same person, the 3D facial image obtained from 25 examinees was compared to the 2D oblique facial image of the same examinees ten times, yielding 250 superimpositions. In the case of the different person, the 3D facial images of 25 examinees were each compared to the 2D facial images of other 24 examinees, yielding 600 superimpositions. The average distance obtained from the reciprocal point-to-point differences on sixteen anthropometrical points of the 3D and 2D images was used as a matching criterion. The results showed that the measuring system for the reciprocal point-to-point differences on the superimposition image was reproducible. The ranges of the average distance were 1.4-3.3 for the same person and 2.6-7.0 for a different person, respectively. The average distance and percentage error at the FP/FN crossover point were 3.1 and 4.2%. In this experiment, it was suggested that the facial image comparison using the reciprocal points matching was reliable when the threshold of the average distance was 2.5.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134012789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimum elution temperature and optimum elution time of absorption-elution test for ABO blood-typing from hair samples using commercially available monoclonal antibody were examined. Elution temperature was examined in the range of 51-57°C and elution time was examined in the range of 2-15 min. The eluting antibodies were semi-quantitatively analyzed by ELISA using synthetic blood group antigens. The optimum elution temperature and optimum elution time were determined for each monoclonal antibody. The procedure of absorption-elution method for hair samples was improved and the improved procedure was evaluated by a blind test. The improved procedure of the absorption-elution test gave a satisfactory result.
{"title":"The Optimum Elution Temperature and Time in Absorption-Elution Test Using Commercially Available Monoclonal Antibodies for ABO Blood-Typing from Hair Samples","authors":"T. Ohmori, Hajime Sato","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.6.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.6.49","url":null,"abstract":"The optimum elution temperature and optimum elution time of absorption-elution test for ABO blood-typing from hair samples using commercially available monoclonal antibody were examined. Elution temperature was examined in the range of 51-57°C and elution time was examined in the range of 2-15 min. The eluting antibodies were semi-quantitatively analyzed by ELISA using synthetic blood group antigens. The optimum elution temperature and optimum elution time were determined for each monoclonal antibody. The procedure of absorption-elution method for hair samples was improved and the improved procedure was evaluated by a blind test. The improved procedure of the absorption-elution test gave a satisfactory result.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134026009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
7 February 2003 ) In this report, we propose a seal-identiˆcation method using photo-retouching software ( Adobe Photoshop ) . We devised a procedure by which one can create an outline of the image of a known seal by the ``path'' function and compare it by superimposing it over the image of the questioned seal. A Photoshop path expresses the range of an image with vector data. To examine the usefulness of this method, we evaluated the degree of precision in detecting an outline as well as the degree of distortion due to the rotation of the path, and then simulated a seal identiˆcation. The results showed that this method had a su‹cient degree of precision in iden-tifying seals. The method has two major advantages: faster and easier processing than the method by photograph and accuracy in reproducing the testing process
{"title":"The Method of Comparison of Seal and Outline Using Vector Data","authors":"M. Ishikawa, Kouji Sugawa","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.8.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.8.75","url":null,"abstract":"7 February 2003 ) In this report, we propose a seal-identiˆcation method using photo-retouching software ( Adobe Photoshop ) . We devised a procedure by which one can create an outline of the image of a known seal by the ``path'' function and compare it by superimposing it over the image of the questioned seal. A Photoshop path expresses the range of an image with vector data. To examine the usefulness of this method, we evaluated the degree of precision in detecting an outline as well as the degree of distortion due to the rotation of the path, and then simulated a seal identiˆcation. The results showed that this method had a su‹cient degree of precision in iden-tifying seals. The method has two major advantages: faster and easier processing than the method by photograph and accuracy in reproducing the testing process","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129382252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method studied in this paper is developing latent fingerprints based on ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) method. Ruthenium tetroxide fuming promptly react with various organic compound, particularly oils or fats contained in sebaceous secretions in latent print and producing brownish black or black ruthenium dioxide (RuO2). Ruthnium Tetroxide is yellow, volatile crystails (melting point; 25.5°C, boiling point; 100.8°C) at room temperature. Conventional methods using RuO4 have been almost impractical because it is very difficult to handle by its strong oxidizability. Additionally because of the two liquid method, it is not only troublesome to produce RuO4 fumes immediately before developing latent fingerprints, but also is difficult to produce necessary ammounts of RuO4 fumes. In this method, these problems were resolved by utilizing a saturated hydrocarbon halogenid solution of RuO4
{"title":"Latent Fingerprint Processing by Ruthenium Tetroxide Method","authors":"K. Mashiko, T. Miyamoto","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"The method studied in this paper is developing latent fingerprints based on ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) method. Ruthenium tetroxide fuming promptly react with various organic compound, particularly oils or fats contained in sebaceous secretions in latent print and producing brownish black or black ruthenium dioxide (RuO2). Ruthnium Tetroxide is yellow, volatile crystails (melting point; 25.5°C, boiling point; 100.8°C) at room temperature. Conventional methods using RuO4 have been almost impractical because it is very difficult to handle by its strong oxidizability. Additionally because of the two liquid method, it is not only troublesome to produce RuO4 fumes immediately before developing latent fingerprints, but also is difficult to produce necessary ammounts of RuO4 fumes. In this method, these problems were resolved by utilizing a saturated hydrocarbon halogenid solution of RuO4","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"319 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pinpoint condensation technique using perfluorated polymer film was applied to the identification of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Rapid solvent elimination for condensation of LSD into a small single residual at room temperature was performed by solvent evaporation on perfluorated polymer film, and the residual was measured by the microscope/FTIR technique. This sample condensation method provided high sensitivity for IR analysis. The detection limit was 2ng. When interfering substances did not exist in the extracted solution from blotter paper of LSD, the extract was able to be measuered simply and rapidly by microscope/FTIR technique. If isolation by preparative TLC was needed, the best elute was ethyl acetate or isopropanol which did not elute interfering substances from TLC plate into the eluent. More than 5 μg of LSD would be detectable by this technique after preparative TLC. We were able to identify LSD by this technique with preparative TLC from blotter paper containing more than 10 μg of it. This technique was useful to identify LSD sensitively from forensic samples.
{"title":"LSD のピンポイント濃縮／顕微 FTIR による高感度分析","authors":"正衛 宮沢, 邦生 中島, 幸男 南, 昌彦 池田","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.2.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.2.95","url":null,"abstract":"The pinpoint condensation technique using perfluorated polymer film was applied to the identification of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Rapid solvent elimination for condensation of LSD into a small single residual at room temperature was performed by solvent evaporation on perfluorated polymer film, and the residual was measured by the microscope/FTIR technique. This sample condensation method provided high sensitivity for IR analysis. The detection limit was 2ng. When interfering substances did not exist in the extracted solution from blotter paper of LSD, the extract was able to be measuered simply and rapidly by microscope/FTIR technique. If isolation by preparative TLC was needed, the best elute was ethyl acetate or isopropanol which did not elute interfering substances from TLC plate into the eluent. More than 5 μg of LSD would be detectable by this technique after preparative TLC. We were able to identify LSD by this technique with preparative TLC from blotter paper containing more than 10 μg of it. This technique was useful to identify LSD sensitively from forensic samples.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracking phenomenon, to put it plainly, is the phenomenon to form the carbonized electrical track and lose insulation in the part with potential diŠerence on the surface of insulating materials. Tracking resistance means the di‹culty occuring the tracking phenomenon of the organic insulation materials. Studies on the tracking phenomenon and the method of evaluating tracking resistance has been often reported on so far. But, there are only a few comprehensive researches and commentaries which include tracking phenomenon and the ˆre which occurs by the tracking phenomenon. Hence, I decided to explain tracking phenomenon of the organic insulating materials and the phenomenon that developed concerning the ˆre which develops and is called, tracking ˆre. Tracking phenomenon is discussed ˆrst. Next, cases of tracking ˆre in electric wiring and the wiring utensil and the studies on the cause of tracking ˆre are explained. Furthermore, prevention of tracking ˆre and future problems are also discussed.
{"title":"Tracking Phenomenon and Fire of Organic Insulating Materials","authors":"K. Kinoshita","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.6.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.6.65","url":null,"abstract":"Tracking phenomenon, to put it plainly, is the phenomenon to form the carbonized electrical track and lose insulation in the part with potential diŠerence on the surface of insulating materials. Tracking resistance means the di‹culty occuring the tracking phenomenon of the organic insulation materials. Studies on the tracking phenomenon and the method of evaluating tracking resistance has been often reported on so far. But, there are only a few comprehensive researches and commentaries which include tracking phenomenon and the ˆre which occurs by the tracking phenomenon. Hence, I decided to explain tracking phenomenon of the organic insulating materials and the phenomenon that developed concerning the ˆre which develops and is called, tracking ˆre. Tracking phenomenon is discussed ˆrst. Next, cases of tracking ˆre in electric wiring and the wiring utensil and the studies on the cause of tracking ˆre are explained. Furthermore, prevention of tracking ˆre and future problems are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA typing of MCT118 (D1S80) locus has been performed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using D1S80 allelic ladder. However, some oŠ-ladder variants, which showed diŠerent electrophoretic mobility compared with the allelic ladder, were observed frequently in MCT118 typing. Five variants from ˆve previously typed individuals were selected for sequence analysis. The sequence of the variants were determined to ascertain whether sequence variation or size variation is the cause of altered migration of the oŠ-ladder variants. All of the variants have nucleotide substitutions resulting in diŠerent sequences of some repeat units and do not have insertions or deletions. Consequently, the MCT118 allelic polymorphism is due to variation in the number of repeat units and to sequence variation among repeats. Furthermore, we examined electrophoresis conditions in order to accurately determine the type of MCT118. Under suitable electrophoresis conditions, all of the variants were typed as corresponding alleles within ±0.15 repeats.
{"title":"Electrophoretic Mobility of Amplified Products at MCT118 Locus.","authors":"G. Watanabe","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.6.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.6.43","url":null,"abstract":"DNA typing of MCT118 (D1S80) locus has been performed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using D1S80 allelic ladder. However, some oŠ-ladder variants, which showed diŠerent electrophoretic mobility compared with the allelic ladder, were observed frequently in MCT118 typing. Five variants from ˆve previously typed individuals were selected for sequence analysis. The sequence of the variants were determined to ascertain whether sequence variation or size variation is the cause of altered migration of the oŠ-ladder variants. All of the variants have nucleotide substitutions resulting in diŠerent sequences of some repeat units and do not have insertions or deletions. Consequently, the MCT118 allelic polymorphism is due to variation in the number of repeat units and to sequence variation among repeats. Furthermore, we examined electrophoresis conditions in order to accurately determine the type of MCT118. Under suitable electrophoresis conditions, all of the variants were typed as corresponding alleles within ±0.15 repeats.","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129429003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"モノクローナル抗体を用いた改良混合凝集法による ABO 式血液型検査法","authors":"淀谷 順一郎, 一雄 五十嵐","doi":"10.3408/JASTI.6.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JASTI.6.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134327,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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