Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11982
Tromphin Sitorus, Abraham Simatupang
Antihypertensive medicine is one of the many complex factors contributing to the sustained rise in hypertension prevalence, which remains a global health concern. The Social Security Agency on Health, or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Social (BPJS) Kesehatan, in Indonesia is an integrated healthcare system that provides universal healthcare to its citizens. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the use of antihypertensive medications covered by BPJS between January and December 2021 at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and the Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI) type B public hospital. The necessary data was extracted from the medical files of 192 hypertensive patients. The patients' characteristics were analysed descriptively. The rationality of antihypertensive medication use was evaluated in accordance with Association of Indonesian Hypertension Physicians-approved guidelines. The majority of patients in both categories were female (52.1 percent at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and 60 percent at the teaching facility). In both healthcare facilities, the correct indication, patient, and dosage were administered 100 percent of the time, according to this study. While only 66.7% and 85.4% of patients at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and UKI hospital received the correct drug category, respectively. The rational use of antihypertensive medications was substantially lower at the Primary Health Centre than it was at the UKI Hospital (p = 0.001).
{"title":"Comparison of antihypertensive drug utilization in community health centre and type B teaching hospital","authors":"Tromphin Sitorus, Abraham Simatupang","doi":"10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11982","url":null,"abstract":"Antihypertensive medicine is one of the many complex factors contributing to the sustained rise in hypertension prevalence, which remains a global health concern. The Social Security Agency on Health, or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Social (BPJS) Kesehatan, in Indonesia is an integrated healthcare system that provides universal healthcare to its citizens. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the use of antihypertensive medications covered by BPJS between January and December 2021 at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and the Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI) type B public hospital. The necessary data was extracted from the medical files of 192 hypertensive patients. The patients' characteristics were analysed descriptively. The rationality of antihypertensive medication use was evaluated in accordance with Association of Indonesian Hypertension Physicians-approved guidelines. The majority of patients in both categories were female (52.1 percent at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and 60 percent at the teaching facility). In both healthcare facilities, the correct indication, patient, and dosage were administered 100 percent of the time, according to this study. While only 66.7% and 85.4% of patients at the Rawabuntu Primary Health Centre and UKI hospital received the correct drug category, respectively. The rational use of antihypertensive medications was substantially lower at the Primary Health Centre than it was at the UKI Hospital (p = 0.001).","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11702
A. Ahmed, M. Shuaib, M. Shirsat, Deeksha Sharma
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines herbal medicine as a technique that uses herbs, herbal ingredients, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products. Herbal remedies contain a variety of chemical components known as phytochemicals, which fall into a number of categories including saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Due to the presence of these phytochemicals, herbal medications can be used to treat a variety of ailments and diseases, including gastrointestinal problems, skin infections, arthritis, migraines, and weariness. Herbal medicines have less major adverse effects than conventional pharmaceuticals and are less expensive. New herbal formulations can include transfersomes, ethosomes, microspheres, phytosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanocapsules. In comparison to traditional herbal medicines, the novel herbal drug delivery systems offer many advantages, including increased solubility and bioavailability, protection from side effects, enhanced pharmacological action, increased stability, better delivery to tissue macrophages, consistent delivery, and protection against the physical and chemical breakdown of active ingredients. To incorporate standardised herbal extract or aqueously soluble active ingredients into phospholipids to build lipid companionable molecular complexes, phytosome has been described as a patented innovative herbal technology produced by a leading manufacturer of medicines and nutraceuticals. The use of herbal medicines can be expanded in order to increase their efficacy by incorporating them into more sophisticated medications.
{"title":"Herbal Medicines and Recent Development on Novel Herbal Drug Delivery System","authors":"A. Ahmed, M. Shuaib, M. Shirsat, Deeksha Sharma","doi":"10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.11702","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) defines herbal medicine as a technique that uses herbs, herbal ingredients, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products. Herbal remedies contain a variety of chemical components known as phytochemicals, which fall into a number of categories including saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Due to the presence of these phytochemicals, herbal medications can be used to treat a variety of ailments and diseases, including gastrointestinal problems, skin infections, arthritis, migraines, and weariness. Herbal medicines have less major adverse effects than conventional pharmaceuticals and are less expensive. \u0000New herbal formulations can include transfersomes, ethosomes, microspheres, phytosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanocapsules. In comparison to traditional herbal medicines, the novel herbal drug delivery systems offer many advantages, including increased solubility and bioavailability, protection from side effects, enhanced pharmacological action, increased stability, better delivery to tissue macrophages, consistent delivery, and protection against the physical and chemical breakdown of active ingredients. To incorporate standardised herbal extract or aqueously soluble active ingredients into phospholipids to build lipid companionable molecular complexes, phytosome has been described as a patented innovative herbal technology produced by a leading manufacturer of medicines and nutraceuticals. The use of herbal medicines can be expanded in order to increase their efficacy by incorporating them into more sophisticated medications.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77572213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.10411
G M Masud Parvez, None Rumayesha, Mst. Shanzida Parvin, Aziza Afrin, Abul Kalam Azad, Mst. Mahabuba Aktar, Md. Fazle Rabbi, Sumaiya Rashid, Akila Farjana, Most. Anika Naznin, Razia Sultana, Shumaia Parvin, Md. Abdul Kader
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and its prevalence is increasing day by day. This survey was conducted by direct interviewing to the diabetic patients. In this study, the interviewees were the diabetic affected patients of Pabna district. About 1100 persons were interviewed among them 37.55% were male and 62.45% were female. Most of the patients have onset of diabetes at 41-50 years age. Most of our observed patients have suffered from diabetes between 1-5 years (62.64%) followed by 6-10 years (25.18%). Here 3.18% patients have BMI ≤18.5, 47.55% have between 18.5-24.9, 39.55% have BMI 25.5-29.9 and 9.73% have BMI ≥30. Here 93.45% diabetic patients have blood glucose level of >7 mmol/L. The diabetic patients also suffered from retinopathy 50.36%, neuropathy 19.73%, nephropathy 23.55% and foot problem 43.36%. About 63.27% are taking diet, 56.91% are taking exercise and 93.91% are taking drug for treating diabetes. It was found that the patients are suffering from different other diseases. The patients need to be aware about the potential risk of other diseases.
{"title":"Prevalence, management and complications of diabetic patients in pabna city","authors":"G M Masud Parvez, None Rumayesha, Mst. Shanzida Parvin, Aziza Afrin, Abul Kalam Azad, Mst. Mahabuba Aktar, Md. Fazle Rabbi, Sumaiya Rashid, Akila Farjana, Most. Anika Naznin, Razia Sultana, Shumaia Parvin, Md. Abdul Kader","doi":"10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.10411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.10411","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and its prevalence is increasing day by day. This survey was conducted by direct interviewing to the diabetic patients. In this study, the interviewees were the diabetic affected patients of Pabna district. About 1100 persons were interviewed among them 37.55% were male and 62.45% were female. Most of the patients have onset of diabetes at 41-50 years age. Most of our observed patients have suffered from diabetes between 1-5 years (62.64%) followed by 6-10 years (25.18%). Here 3.18% patients have BMI ≤18.5, 47.55% have between 18.5-24.9, 39.55% have BMI 25.5-29.9 and 9.73% have BMI ≥30. Here 93.45% diabetic patients have blood glucose level of >7 mmol/L. The diabetic patients also suffered from retinopathy 50.36%, neuropathy 19.73%, nephropathy 23.55% and foot problem 43.36%. About 63.27% are taking diet, 56.91% are taking exercise and 93.91% are taking drug for treating diabetes. It was found that the patients are suffering from different other diseases. The patients need to be aware about the potential risk of other diseases.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135309904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.9196
Y. Permata, Anggi Tri Liesna, Fahmi Muhammad Rangkuti, Kharisma Insyra, Yasmin Dayanti
The sea region of Indonesia is particularly abundant in natural resources. One of the economically viable aquatic commodities is shellfish. The public has a high demand for the shellfish Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata. The goal of this study was to ascertain the protein, carbohydrate, fat, water, and ash content of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata. The study's sample was intentionally drawn from the sea waters off the coast of Belawan, North Sumatera. Following the SNI technique, the proximal level measurement method was used. According to the examination of proximate levels, there is a 10–12% protein content, 0.14–0.15% carbohydrate content, 1% lipid content, 70%–80% water content, and 2% ash content. It can be concluded that, as functional foods, Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata include nutrients that are good for your health.
{"title":"Proximate Composition of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata","authors":"Y. Permata, Anggi Tri Liesna, Fahmi Muhammad Rangkuti, Kharisma Insyra, Yasmin Dayanti","doi":"10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.9196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v6i1.9196","url":null,"abstract":"The sea region of Indonesia is particularly abundant in natural resources. One of the economically viable aquatic commodities is shellfish. The public has a high demand for the shellfish Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata. The goal of this study was to ascertain the protein, carbohydrate, fat, water, and ash content of Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata. The study's sample was intentionally drawn from the sea waters off the coast of Belawan, North Sumatera. Following the SNI technique, the proximal level measurement method was used. According to the examination of proximate levels, there is a 10–12% protein content, 0.14–0.15% carbohydrate content, 1% lipid content, 70%–80% water content, and 2% ash content. It can be concluded that, as functional foods, Anadara granosa and Paphia undulata include nutrients that are good for your health.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84705320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nugget products can be made from beef, chicken, fish, and other ingredients, but chicken nuggets are the most popular in the community. Chicken nuggets are products produced from the marinated, ground, minced, and cooked parts of chicken breast meat with breadcrumbs. Qualitative and quantitative tests of carbohydrates are carried out to determine the presence of carbohydrates present in nuggets. Qualitative tests are based on changes in color or deposits formed, while quantitative tests to determine the carbohydrate levels contained in each test material with DNS method. The results showed qualitative analysis of molisch test carbohydrates on samples of chicken meat nuggets brand "B," which positively contained carbohydrates (glucose), while samples of chicken meat nuggets brands "A" and "C" showed negative results. In the Iodin test, all three nugget samples showed positive results for glycogen. The Benedict test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples, indicating that none of them contained sucrose. The three nugget samples all failed the Barfoed test, indicating that they are all members of the disaccharide group. The Seliwanoff test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples, all of which contained glucose, mannose, or galactose. The Osazon test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples. Carbohydrate quantitative test obtained sample concentration on sample nugget of chicken meat brand "A" 0.49 mg/mL, sample of chicken meat nugget brand "B" 0.48 mg/mL and sample nugget of chicken meat brand "C" 0.56 mg/mL. Carbohydrate qualitative analysis on samples of chicken meat nuggets from brand "B" reveals that they positively contain carbohydrates as well as fructose and glycogen. The "C" brand chicken meat nugget sample has a high concentration for quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, indicating that the sample contains more carbohydrates.
{"title":"Carbohydrate Content in Packaged Chicken Nuggets: Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis","authors":"Syifa Alifia Indriani, Nurul Asfia, Agnes Manongga, Riong seulina Panjaitan","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4174","url":null,"abstract":"Nugget products can be made from beef, chicken, fish, and other ingredients, but chicken nuggets are the most popular in the community. Chicken nuggets are products produced from the marinated, ground, minced, and cooked parts of chicken breast meat with breadcrumbs. Qualitative and quantitative tests of carbohydrates are carried out to determine the presence of carbohydrates present in nuggets. Qualitative tests are based on changes in color or deposits formed, while quantitative tests to determine the carbohydrate levels contained in each test material with DNS method. The results showed qualitative analysis of molisch test carbohydrates on samples of chicken meat nuggets brand \"B,\" which positively contained carbohydrates (glucose), while samples of chicken meat nuggets brands \"A\" and \"C\" showed negative results. In the Iodin test, all three nugget samples showed positive results for glycogen. The Benedict test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples, indicating that none of them contained sucrose. The three nugget samples all failed the Barfoed test, indicating that they are all members of the disaccharide group. The Seliwanoff test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples, all of which contained glucose, mannose, or galactose. The Osazon test yielded negative results for all three nugget samples. Carbohydrate quantitative test obtained sample concentration on sample nugget of chicken meat brand \"A\" 0.49 mg/mL, sample of chicken meat nugget brand \"B\" 0.48 mg/mL and sample nugget of chicken meat brand \"C\" 0.56 mg/mL. Carbohydrate qualitative analysis on samples of chicken meat nuggets from brand \"B\" reveals that they positively contain carbohydrates as well as fructose and glycogen. The \"C\" brand chicken meat nugget sample has a high concentration for quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, indicating that the sample contains more carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76000508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kulit halus dan putih adalah salah satu keindahan Kulit halus dan putih adalah salah satu konsep kecantikan orang Indonesia saat ini, dan sebagian besar orang Indonesia memiliki kulit sawo matang. Filosofi kecantikan ini membuat masyarakat Indonesia khususnya remaja putri, berusaha keras untuk mendapatkan kulit yang cerah, dan salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan kosmetik yang mengandung krim pemutih dan pencerah. Remaja mulai tertekan terhadap penampilan yang menginginkan kulit putih dengan menggunakan krim pemutih tanpa memperhatikan ada atau tidaknya komposisi dan izin edar atau terdaftar di BPOM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri di Desa Rowosari Kabupaten Pemalang terhadap bahaya asam retinoat pada krim pemutih wajah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rawosari Kecamatan Ulujami Kabupaten Pemarang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 100 remaja putri berusia antara 15-19 tahun yang diperoleh dengan cara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 56 orang (56,0%) memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang pengetahuan bahaya asam retinoat dalam krim pemutih, dan 95 orang (95,0%) memiliki sikap tertinggi dengan kategori baik.
{"title":"Description of Knowledge and Attitudes of Young Women in Rowosari Village, Pemalang Regency Against the Dangers of Retinoic Acid in Face Whitening Cream","authors":"Tyas Putri Utami, Nila Oktaviani","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4177","url":null,"abstract":"Kulit halus dan putih adalah salah satu keindahan Kulit halus dan putih adalah salah satu konsep kecantikan orang Indonesia saat ini, dan sebagian besar orang Indonesia memiliki kulit sawo matang. Filosofi kecantikan ini membuat masyarakat Indonesia khususnya remaja putri, berusaha keras untuk mendapatkan kulit yang cerah, dan salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan kosmetik yang mengandung krim pemutih dan pencerah. Remaja mulai tertekan terhadap penampilan yang menginginkan kulit putih dengan menggunakan krim pemutih tanpa memperhatikan ada atau tidaknya komposisi dan izin edar atau terdaftar di BPOM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri di Desa Rowosari Kabupaten Pemalang terhadap bahaya asam retinoat pada krim pemutih wajah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rawosari Kecamatan Ulujami Kabupaten Pemarang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 100 remaja putri berusia antara 15-19 tahun yang diperoleh dengan cara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 56 orang (56,0%) memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang pengetahuan bahaya asam retinoat dalam krim pemutih, dan 95 orang (95,0%) memiliki sikap tertinggi dengan kategori baik.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89388771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf is known to have high eugenol content, eugenol able to resist the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito as a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Research on test of repellent activity of gel oil Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf to Aedes aegypti mosquito is done to know its activity as a repellent preparation against Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this research made the gel of essential oil of Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf with base karbopol 940 made in 3 formula, F1 (7,50%); F2 (15,00%); F3 (30,00%) and use Positive Control repellent supply on the market and contains DEET. The three formulas produce a good gel in terms of physical stability, organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and scattering, but all formulas cause irritation. The test of repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito done for 4 hours with 5 repetitions showed Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf oil formula F3 (30,00%) had repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito with high protection 94,01% for 4 hours.
已知肉桂叶含有较高的丁香酚含量,丁香酚能够抵抗作为登革热出血热媒介的埃及伊蚊的叮咬。研究了肉桂叶凝胶油对埃及伊蚊的驱蚊活性,以了解其作为一种驱蚊制剂的驱蚊活性。本研究以碱卡波波尔940为原料,以3配方F1(7,50%)制得香樟BI叶精油凝胶;F2 (15 00%);F3(30,00%)和使用市场上供应的含有避蚊胺的阳性控制驱蚊剂。这三种配方在物理稳定性、感官、均匀性、pH值、粘度和散射方面都能产生良好的凝胶,但所有配方都会引起刺激。对埃及伊蚊进行4 h 5次重复驱避试验,结果表明,樟叶油配方F3(30.00%)对埃及伊蚊的驱避活性为94.01%,驱避时间为4 h。
{"title":"Repellent Activity Test Of Essential Oil Gel Of Cinnamommum Burmanii Bi Leaves Against Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes","authors":"Bayuadi Bayuadi, Purwati Purwati, Riong seulina Panjaitan","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4180","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf is known to have high eugenol content, eugenol able to resist the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito as a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Research on test of repellent activity of gel oil Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf to Aedes aegypti mosquito is done to know its activity as a repellent preparation against Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this research made the gel of essential oil of Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf with base karbopol 940 made in 3 formula, F1 (7,50%); F2 (15,00%); F3 (30,00%) and use Positive Control repellent supply on the market and contains DEET. The three formulas produce a good gel in terms of physical stability, organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and scattering, but all formulas cause irritation. The test of repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito done for 4 hours with 5 repetitions showed Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf oil formula F3 (30,00%) had repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito with high protection 94,01% for 4 hours.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88259421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palm cooking oil is a food ingredient with a main composition of triglycerides, with or without chemical changes. The amount of free fatty acids determines the quality of cooking oil, which can have bad effects on humans. This study aims to determine the quality of oil in packaged cooking oil and bulk cooking oil with treatments based on acid number, acid content, and degree of acidity. Commercial and bulk packaged cooking oils were used in this study. This research method uses acid-base titration with phenolphthalein (PP) as an indicator. The results of this study indicate that the ingredients of bulk cooking oil and packaged cooking oil, when determining the acid number and free fatty acid content, meet the quality standards of SNI 01-3741-2013, namely each acid number 0.6 mg KOH/g and acid content 0.3%.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF ACID NUMBERS IN BULK AND PACKAGED COOKING OIL SAMPLES","authors":"Liany Carolina Rambu Lika, Sahda Sabilah Luhtansa, Septiana Berbara Blaon, Riong seulina Panjaitan","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4155","url":null,"abstract":"Palm cooking oil is a food ingredient with a main composition of triglycerides, with or without chemical changes. The amount of free fatty acids determines the quality of cooking oil, which can have bad effects on humans. This study aims to determine the quality of oil in packaged cooking oil and bulk cooking oil with treatments based on acid number, acid content, and degree of acidity. Commercial and bulk packaged cooking oils were used in this study. This research method uses acid-base titration with phenolphthalein (PP) as an indicator. The results of this study indicate that the ingredients of bulk cooking oil and packaged cooking oil, when determining the acid number and free fatty acid content, meet the quality standards of SNI 01-3741-2013, namely each acid number 0.6 mg KOH/g and acid content 0.3%.","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83274373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogurt is a healthy drink that has thick, acidic properties and a high nutritional content. Yogurt is made by adding bacteria to milk, which naturally contains a type of sugar (carbohydrate) called lactose.Qualitative testing methods for carbohydrates are the Molisch test, the iodine test, the Benedict test, the Barfoed test, the Seliwanoff test, and the osazon test. Meanwhile, in quantitative testing using the DNS method. The results of the Molisch carbohydrate qualitative test revealed that all four samples contained glucose. Polysaccharides were discovered in the six samples during the iodine test. The six samples tested negative for glucose in Benedict's test. One out of every six samples tested positive for monosaccharides in the Barfoed test. Both samples tested positive for fructose in the Seliwanoff test. In the osazone test, all yogurt samples contained glucose. Furthermore, the following results were obtained when determining the reducing sugar content of commercial yogurt samples: E (685 mg/mL); D (568.75 mg/mL); F (501.25 mg/mL); A (373.75 mg/mL); B (310 mg/mL); and C (210 mg/mL).
{"title":"QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN COMMERCIAL YOGHURT PRODUCTS","authors":"Bagus Nurprialdi, Viesta Olivia Thahuurun Gani, Siti Halda, Peby Ardiani Pratama, Riong seulina Panjaitan","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.4134","url":null,"abstract":"Yogurt is a healthy drink that has thick, acidic properties and a high nutritional content. Yogurt is made by adding bacteria to milk, which naturally contains a type of sugar (carbohydrate) called lactose.Qualitative testing methods for carbohydrates are the Molisch test, the iodine test, the Benedict test, the Barfoed test, the Seliwanoff test, and the osazon test. Meanwhile, in quantitative testing using the DNS method. The results of the Molisch carbohydrate qualitative test revealed that all four samples contained glucose. Polysaccharides were discovered in the six samples during the iodine test. The six samples tested negative for glucose in Benedict's test. One out of every six samples tested positive for monosaccharides in the Barfoed test. Both samples tested positive for fructose in the Seliwanoff test. In the osazone test, all yogurt samples contained glucose. Furthermore, the following results were obtained when determining the reducing sugar content of commercial yogurt samples: E (685 mg/mL); D (568.75 mg/mL); F (501.25 mg/mL); A (373.75 mg/mL); B (310 mg/mL); and C (210 mg/mL).","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89998524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyakit menular dengan tingkat kematian tertinggi di dunia yang disebabkan oleh Bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pasien tuberkulosis dengan penyakit penyerta diobati dengan obat tambahan untuk mengobati penyakit penyerta, hal ini menyebabkan peningkatkan potensi interaksi obat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui obat yang berpotensi menyebabkan interaksi obat terhadap pasien TB paru di RSUD dr. Gondo Suwarno Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif non eksperimental dengan pengumpulan data retrospektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien TB Paru yang tertera di rekam medis dan mendapat pengobatan antituberkulosis (OAT) dan non-OAT di RSUD dr. Gondo Suwarno tahun 2021 dan disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi. Potensi interaksi obat antar OAT meliputi interaksi farmakokinetik (34%), farmakodinamik (66%) dan unknown tidak teridentifikasi. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, major (194 kasus), moderate (96 kasus), dan minor tidak teridentifikasi. Pada potensi interaksi obat OAT dengan non-OAT meliputi interaksi farmakokinetik (94%), farmakodinamik (4%) dan unknown (2%). Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, major (23 kasus), moderate (214 kasus), dan minor (42 kasus).
{"title":"STUDY OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PULMONARY TB PATIENTS IN dr. GONDO SUWARNO HOSPITAL SEMARANG DISTRICT 2021","authors":"Iswandi Iswandi","doi":"10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.3941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v2i2.3941","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyakit menular dengan tingkat kematian tertinggi di dunia yang disebabkan oleh Bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pasien tuberkulosis dengan penyakit penyerta diobati dengan obat tambahan untuk mengobati penyakit penyerta, hal ini menyebabkan peningkatkan potensi interaksi obat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui obat yang berpotensi menyebabkan interaksi obat terhadap pasien TB paru di RSUD dr. Gondo Suwarno Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif non eksperimental dengan pengumpulan data retrospektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien TB Paru yang tertera di rekam medis dan mendapat pengobatan antituberkulosis (OAT) dan non-OAT di RSUD dr. Gondo Suwarno tahun 2021 dan disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi. Potensi interaksi obat antar OAT meliputi interaksi farmakokinetik (34%), farmakodinamik (66%) dan unknown tidak teridentifikasi. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, major (194 kasus), moderate (96 kasus), dan minor tidak teridentifikasi. Pada potensi interaksi obat OAT dengan non-OAT meliputi interaksi farmakokinetik (94%), farmakodinamik (4%) dan unknown (2%). Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, major (23 kasus), moderate (214 kasus), dan minor (42 kasus).","PeriodicalId":13466,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74797946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}