Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746620
Mohsin Kamal, M. Tariq
Smart meters (SMs) in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are physically accessible due to which the protection against eavesdropping of AMI and energy theft control have gained utmost importance. A light-weight security solution is the requirement for AMI networks because of the small size and less computational capabilities of SMs. To address this problem, a light-weight security solution is proposed in this paper to detect any adversarial node in between two SMs. Through the proposed algorithms, adversarial node can be detected in AMI. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is used to generate link fingerprints after every 60 seconds, which are sent to the Data Concentrator Unit (DCU). The DCU applies these algorithms on the received link fingerprints in order to detect any unwanted activity. MICAz motes are used as communication module of SM and adversary to generate RSSI values. These RSSI values are simulated in MATLAB in which it detects adversarial node or meter tempering with 100% accuracy by getting values other than 0 and 1 as the average of consecutive RSSI and distance between the RSSI of connected SMs.
高级计量基础设施(AMI)中的智能电表(SMs)具有物理可访问性，因此防止AMI窃听和能源盗窃控制变得至关重要。轻量级的安全解决方案是AMI网络的需求，因为SMs的尺寸小，计算能力低。为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一个轻量级的安全解决方案来检测两个SMs之间的任何对抗节点。通过本文提出的算法，可以检测到AMI中的对抗节点。RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)是指每隔60秒生成一次链路指纹，发送给DCU (Data Concentrator Unit)。DCU在接收到的链路指纹上应用这些算法，以便检测任何不需要的活动。利用MICAz粒子作为SM和对手的通信模块，生成RSSI值。这些RSSI值在MATLAB中进行仿真，通过获取除0和1以外的值作为连续RSSI的平均值和连接SMs的RSSI之间的距离，以100%的准确率检测对抗性节点或仪表回弹。
{"title":"Light-Weight Security for Advanced Metering Infrastructure","authors":"Mohsin Kamal, M. Tariq","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746620","url":null,"abstract":"Smart meters (SMs) in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are physically accessible due to which the protection against eavesdropping of AMI and energy theft control have gained utmost importance. A light-weight security solution is the requirement for AMI networks because of the small size and less computational capabilities of SMs. To address this problem, a light-weight security solution is proposed in this paper to detect any adversarial node in between two SMs. Through the proposed algorithms, adversarial node can be detected in AMI. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is used to generate link fingerprints after every 60 seconds, which are sent to the Data Concentrator Unit (DCU). The DCU applies these algorithms on the received link fingerprints in order to detect any unwanted activity. MICAz motes are used as communication module of SM and adversary to generate RSSI values. These RSSI values are simulated in MATLAB in which it detects adversarial node or meter tempering with 100% accuracy by getting values other than 0 and 1 as the average of consecutive RSSI and distance between the RSSI of connected SMs.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123975465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746611
Fuliang Liu, Wendong Liu, Zhaocheng Wang
For multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, different users can be served using various timefrequency resources through their corresponding preferred beams which can provide the highest beamforming gain among all candidate beams. However, when the non-uniform distribution of users is considered, beams selected by fewer users can provide more time-frequency resources to each user than the beams serving more users, which indicates that the conventional uniform beam pattern may lead to unfair resource allocation and hence the loss of system spectral efficiency. In this paper, a novel non-uniform beam design is proposed, wherein a two-level codebook which supports both wide and sharp beams is adopted for data transmission. Specifically, two neighboring sharp beams selected by fewer users can be merged into one wide beam which can cover the same angular space. Thus, the saved resources can be assigned to other sharp beams selected by relatively more users. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of our proposal on fairness of resource allocation as well as the spectral efficiency compared with its conventional counterpart.
{"title":"Non-Uniform Beam Design for Multi-User mmWave Systems","authors":"Fuliang Liu, Wendong Liu, Zhaocheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746611","url":null,"abstract":"For multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, different users can be served using various timefrequency resources through their corresponding preferred beams which can provide the highest beamforming gain among all candidate beams. However, when the non-uniform distribution of users is considered, beams selected by fewer users can provide more time-frequency resources to each user than the beams serving more users, which indicates that the conventional uniform beam pattern may lead to unfair resource allocation and hence the loss of system spectral efficiency. In this paper, a novel non-uniform beam design is proposed, wherein a two-level codebook which supports both wide and sharp beams is adopted for data transmission. Specifically, two neighboring sharp beams selected by fewer users can be merged into one wide beam which can cover the same angular space. Thus, the saved resources can be assigned to other sharp beams selected by relatively more users. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of our proposal on fairness of resource allocation as well as the spectral efficiency compared with its conventional counterpart.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129297285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746351
R. Xiong, Jinpeng Tian
Lithium ion battery models play an important role in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Recently, fractional order modelling has drawn more attention due to the high accuracy and adjustable computational burden. Plenty of fractional order battery models have been proposed for voltage simulation and state estimation. Although they have been proved to be more accurate than traditional equivalent circuit models, there is no study comparing existing fractional order models. In this work, fractional order models used for voltage simulation and state estimation in literature have been summarized and compared. They are identified under different temperatures and ageing statuses, and the parameterized models are then validated using different profiles. The computational burden is also analyzed to find the best fractional order model. The results show that not the most complex fractional order models originating from impedance spectra fitting is not applicable for time domain simulation, and the difference between impedance spectra fitting and time domain simulation can’t be ignored.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Fractional Order Models for Voltage Simulation of Lithium Ion Batteries","authors":"R. Xiong, Jinpeng Tian","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746351","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium ion battery models play an important role in the battery management system of electric vehicles. Recently, fractional order modelling has drawn more attention due to the high accuracy and adjustable computational burden. Plenty of fractional order battery models have been proposed for voltage simulation and state estimation. Although they have been proved to be more accurate than traditional equivalent circuit models, there is no study comparing existing fractional order models. In this work, fractional order models used for voltage simulation and state estimation in literature have been summarized and compared. They are identified under different temperatures and ageing statuses, and the parameterized models are then validated using different profiles. The computational burden is also analyzed to find the best fractional order model. The results show that not the most complex fractional order models originating from impedance spectra fitting is not applicable for time domain simulation, and the difference between impedance spectra fitting and time domain simulation can’t be ignored.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129386652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746461
Gorkem Kar, Batuhan Asiroglu, Fatih Sinan Bir
This paper explores the minimal data-set to be collected from vehicles, to efficiently score drivers, using common vehicle sensors. This can lead to important results for insurance companies, advertisements and personalization. Existing work relies on several sensor information that are collected over a drive including acceleration/deceleration patterns or average trip duration. Vehicular companies make vehicular sensor information available to many external services. To explore how to score driving behaviors from such a data, we consider a system that interfaces to vehicle bus and executes supervised learning methods on this data. To facilitate this analysis, we collect in vehicle data from 20 drivers on a test route and have less than %10 error in our scoring algorithm.
{"title":"Scotto: Real-Time Driver Behavior Scoring Using In-Vehicle Data","authors":"Gorkem Kar, Batuhan Asiroglu, Fatih Sinan Bir","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746461","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the minimal data-set to be collected from vehicles, to efficiently score drivers, using common vehicle sensors. This can lead to important results for insurance companies, advertisements and personalization. Existing work relies on several sensor information that are collected over a drive including acceleration/deceleration patterns or average trip duration. Vehicular companies make vehicular sensor information available to many external services. To explore how to score driving behaviors from such a data, we consider a system that interfaces to vehicle bus and executes supervised learning methods on this data. To facilitate this analysis, we collect in vehicle data from 20 drivers on a test route and have less than %10 error in our scoring algorithm.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746435
Zhe Luo, Tao Tao, Jianguo Liu
To satisfy the requirement of power spectral density and occupied bandwidth, uplink transmission is based on block interleaved frequency division multiplexing (B-IFDM) structure on unlicensed spectrum. However, the accuracy of time of arrival (TOA) estimation is damaged due to false peaks of autocorrelation for the reference signal of B-IFDM structure, when the existing TOA estimation scheme is used. In this paper, we propose a new TOA estimation scheme based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed scheme overcomes the negative effect of false peaks and greatly outperforms the existing scheme.
{"title":"TOA Estimation Scheme Based on CNN for B-IFDM-Based Preambles","authors":"Zhe Luo, Tao Tao, Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746435","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the requirement of power spectral density and occupied bandwidth, uplink transmission is based on block interleaved frequency division multiplexing (B-IFDM) structure on unlicensed spectrum. However, the accuracy of time of arrival (TOA) estimation is damaged due to false peaks of autocorrelation for the reference signal of B-IFDM structure, when the existing TOA estimation scheme is used. In this paper, we propose a new TOA estimation scheme based on convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed scheme overcomes the negative effect of false peaks and greatly outperforms the existing scheme.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117311094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746477
Sijie Zhu, Dip Goswami, Hong Li
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) extends the Adaptive Cruise Control technology with additional information exchange between vehicles over vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications in an ad-hoc network at 5.9 GHz band (ITS-G5) in Europe. Using beyond line-of-sight information provided by V2X, the platoon control algorithms realize a shorter safe inter-vehicle distance. Nevertheless, the platoon performance (e.g., the allowable inter-vehicle distance) may be impacted by the imperfectness of wireless communications. Specifically, in congested traffic scenarios, a Decentralized Congestion Control method that regulates message rate based on congestion level (Transmit Rate Control (TRC)), may significantly reduce the platoon performance. In this work, we propose an evaluation platform for platoon control algorithms based on industrial V2X nodes operating in the ITS-G5 channels. The real car is simulated by a longitudinal vehicle dynamic model. The model-in-the-loop test results demonstrate that the performance of CACC goes down significantly when the message rate is restricted and reduced by TRC. Our evaluation results further conclude that the effect of such complex communication scenarios imposed by the existing standards should be explicitly modelled in the future platoon control algorithms.
{"title":"Evaluation Platform of Platoon Control Algorithms in Complex Communication Scenarios","authors":"Sijie Zhu, Dip Goswami, Hong Li","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746477","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) extends the Adaptive Cruise Control technology with additional information exchange between vehicles over vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications in an ad-hoc network at 5.9 GHz band (ITS-G5) in Europe. Using beyond line-of-sight information provided by V2X, the platoon control algorithms realize a shorter safe inter-vehicle distance. Nevertheless, the platoon performance (e.g., the allowable inter-vehicle distance) may be impacted by the imperfectness of wireless communications. Specifically, in congested traffic scenarios, a Decentralized Congestion Control method that regulates message rate based on congestion level (Transmit Rate Control (TRC)), may significantly reduce the platoon performance. In this work, we propose an evaluation platform for platoon control algorithms based on industrial V2X nodes operating in the ITS-G5 channels. The real car is simulated by a longitudinal vehicle dynamic model. The model-in-the-loop test results demonstrate that the performance of CACC goes down significantly when the message rate is restricted and reduced by TRC. Our evaluation results further conclude that the effect of such complex communication scenarios imposed by the existing standards should be explicitly modelled in the future platoon control algorithms.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116637434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746600
P. Frenger, Richard Tano
In this paper we compare the energy consumption of the 3GPP standards 5G New Radio (NR) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE). We show that the energy consumption in an idle network (without user plane traffic) can be up to 9 times lower for an NR stand-alone network compared to an LTE network. The network energy consumption in low or no traffic scenarios is a significant part of the operator OPEX in low traffic areas [1], such as in extreme rural scenarios, and here NR has a clear advantage compared to LTE. To evaluate the energy performance advantage of NR when we have very high traffic, such as in Super-Dense Urban and Urban scenarios, we perform system evaluations. We show that if we increase capacity in an existing LTE network with additional NR micro cells compared to using additional LTE cells, the reduction in network energy consumption is close to 50 percent. If we also upgrade the LTE cells in the macro coverage layer to NR a total energy reduction of up to 70 percent is achievable.
{"title":"More Capacity and Less Power: How 5G NR Can Reduce Network Energy Consumption","authors":"P. Frenger, Richard Tano","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746600","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we compare the energy consumption of the 3GPP standards 5G New Radio (NR) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE). We show that the energy consumption in an idle network (without user plane traffic) can be up to 9 times lower for an NR stand-alone network compared to an LTE network. The network energy consumption in low or no traffic scenarios is a significant part of the operator OPEX in low traffic areas [1], such as in extreme rural scenarios, and here NR has a clear advantage compared to LTE. To evaluate the energy performance advantage of NR when we have very high traffic, such as in Super-Dense Urban and Urban scenarios, we perform system evaluations. We show that if we increase capacity in an existing LTE network with additional NR micro cells compared to using additional LTE cells, the reduction in network energy consumption is close to 50 percent. If we also upgrade the LTE cells in the macro coverage layer to NR a total energy reduction of up to 70 percent is achievable.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116666055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746529
Mustafa F. Ozkoc, M. Koca, H. Sari
Spatial modulation (SM) has a strong sensitivity to transmit antenna and channel correlations, because some of the information bits are assigned to active antenna selection, and the correlation limits the detection reliability of these bits. Recent approaches for the solution of this problem rely on either unequal error protection (UEP) of antenna and symbol bits with the addition of a channel encoder/decoder pair to the transceiver or precoding in the form of antenna-dependent rotation (or joint rotation and amplitude scaling) of the signal constellation. The UEP approaches have been shown to offer only limited efficiency in compensating for the adverse channel effects while increasing the latency and complexity due to the addition of the encoder/decoder. The precoding based approaches achieve good results for BPSK and QPSK signals, but the performance quickly degrades for higher-level QAM signal constellations. Also, the complexity of the precoder optimization problem increases with the number of transmit antennas and the modulation order, making this approach not very practical to use for large spectral efficiencies. This paper introduces a novel approach to this problem whose performance is independent of the modulation order. The key idea is to use signature constellations for different transmit antennas with an inter-constellation minimum Euclidean distance that is independent of the modulation order. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that compared to previous methods the new approach gives significant performance improvements in terms of robustness to transmit antenna correlation, particularly for Rician fading channels.
{"title":"Combating Transmit Antenna and Channel Correlations in Spatial Modulation Using Signature Constellations","authors":"Mustafa F. Ozkoc, M. Koca, H. Sari","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746529","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial modulation (SM) has a strong sensitivity to transmit antenna and channel correlations, because some of the information bits are assigned to active antenna selection, and the correlation limits the detection reliability of these bits. Recent approaches for the solution of this problem rely on either unequal error protection (UEP) of antenna and symbol bits with the addition of a channel encoder/decoder pair to the transceiver or precoding in the form of antenna-dependent rotation (or joint rotation and amplitude scaling) of the signal constellation. The UEP approaches have been shown to offer only limited efficiency in compensating for the adverse channel effects while increasing the latency and complexity due to the addition of the encoder/decoder. The precoding based approaches achieve good results for BPSK and QPSK signals, but the performance quickly degrades for higher-level QAM signal constellations. Also, the complexity of the precoder optimization problem increases with the number of transmit antennas and the modulation order, making this approach not very practical to use for large spectral efficiencies. This paper introduces a novel approach to this problem whose performance is independent of the modulation order. The key idea is to use signature constellations for different transmit antennas with an inter-constellation minimum Euclidean distance that is independent of the modulation order. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that compared to previous methods the new approach gives significant performance improvements in terms of robustness to transmit antenna correlation, particularly for Rician fading channels.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117147823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746304
Oner Orhan, Hosein Nikopour, Junyoung Nam, Navid Naderializadeh, S. Talwar
A typical wireless transceiver includes a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and a baseband modem (BBIC) which are connected through an input/output (I/O) interface. The wide-bandwidth and high-rate millimeter wave (mmWave) systems put a heavy burden on the power dissipation of the I/O interface of a transceiver. In this paper, a novel low power fully digital architecture with blind beam tracking and spatial compression (FDA-BTSC) is introduced to reduce the rate and power dissipation of the I/O interface. Spatial compression of the received signal is feasible due to the sparsity of mmWave channels. An efficient spatial compression is realized through codebook-based beamforming and fast blind beam tracking. Provided analysis and evaluations show that the proposed architecture is potentially as power efficient as existing analog and hybrid mmWave architectures. In addition, FDA- BTSC significantly drops the baseband processing complexity and power consumption level to the same order as hybrid beamforming, while it maintains the advantages of the fully digital beamforming in terms of low latency of the beam management and high efficiency of the digital beamforming.
{"title":"A Power Efficient Fully Digital Beamforming Architecture for mmWave Communications","authors":"Oner Orhan, Hosein Nikopour, Junyoung Nam, Navid Naderializadeh, S. Talwar","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746304","url":null,"abstract":"A typical wireless transceiver includes a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and a baseband modem (BBIC) which are connected through an input/output (I/O) interface. The wide-bandwidth and high-rate millimeter wave (mmWave) systems put a heavy burden on the power dissipation of the I/O interface of a transceiver. In this paper, a novel low power fully digital architecture with blind beam tracking and spatial compression (FDA-BTSC) is introduced to reduce the rate and power dissipation of the I/O interface. Spatial compression of the received signal is feasible due to the sparsity of mmWave channels. An efficient spatial compression is realized through codebook-based beamforming and fast blind beam tracking. Provided analysis and evaluations show that the proposed architecture is potentially as power efficient as existing analog and hybrid mmWave architectures. In addition, FDA- BTSC significantly drops the baseband processing complexity and power consumption level to the same order as hybrid beamforming, while it maintains the advantages of the fully digital beamforming in terms of low latency of the beam management and high efficiency of the digital beamforming.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117344110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746511
Meng Zhou, Mangang Xie, Yao Zhang, Xiangdong Jia, Longxiang Yang
This paper explores the potential of physical layer security for K- tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with nonbest user association (UA) scheme. By modeling the spatial positions of network elements in each tier as homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs), we first present the non-best UA probability of a typical user equipment associating with the m-th average biased received power (ABRP) with passive eavesdroppers, then the expression of total secrecy probability for the K-tier HetNets is derived with stochastic geometry. Both the analytical and numerical results show that the implementation of the non-best UA scheme can significantly improve the secrecy probability, which indicates that non-best UA could be a promising solution for safeguarding K-tier HetNets. Moreover, we show that the secrecy probability with non-best UA scheme is not always decreasing over the transmission power of the base stations, which is quite different from the best ones.
{"title":"Safeguarding Non-Best User Association Aided 5G K-Tier HetNets Using Physical Layer Security","authors":"Meng Zhou, Mangang Xie, Yao Zhang, Xiangdong Jia, Longxiang Yang","doi":"10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCSpring.2019.8746511","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the potential of physical layer security for K- tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with nonbest user association (UA) scheme. By modeling the spatial positions of network elements in each tier as homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs), we first present the non-best UA probability of a typical user equipment associating with the m-th average biased received power (ABRP) with passive eavesdroppers, then the expression of total secrecy probability for the K-tier HetNets is derived with stochastic geometry. Both the analytical and numerical results show that the implementation of the non-best UA scheme can significantly improve the secrecy probability, which indicates that non-best UA could be a promising solution for safeguarding K-tier HetNets. Moreover, we show that the secrecy probability with non-best UA scheme is not always decreasing over the transmission power of the base stations, which is quite different from the best ones.","PeriodicalId":134773,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114417712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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