Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.005
Sameera Irfan, Nausherwan Aadil, R. P. Maurya, Mohammad Saqib
: : To find out the level of visual improvement and the time it takes in amblyopia of any severity. : To find out whether the level of visual improvement is influenced by a patient's age at presentation. : To note whether the level of visual recovery is influenced by previous amblyopia therapy. To note any regression of visual acuity with time after initial improvement by therapy. To note complications of full-time occlusion therapy, especially occlusion amblyopia.: In a prospective interventional study, 1701 consecutive cases with poor vision were included irrespective of a patient’s age. After wearing refractive correction for 8-12 weeks and no further improvement in the BCVA, amblyopia therapy was started comprising of full-time patching of the good eye along with active use of the amblyopic eye by reading and writing at least 6 hours daily. Regular two weekly follow-ups were conducted. The endpoint of therapy was achieving a BCVA equal to that of the good eye. A regular post-patching follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Statistical analysis comparing the visual acuity at the start and the end of therapy was performed by a paired t-test for each group. : There were 896 male and 805 female cases. 1383 cases (81.3%) had previously failed amblyopia therapy. 49 cases (2.9%) dropped out of the study due to poor compliance with therapy or an incomplete follow-up. For a simplified analysis of results, the 1701 cases were divided into three age groups: Group A: age 4-7 years (473 cases), Group B: age 8-12 years (618 cases) and Group C: age 13-46 years (610 cases). The overall success in Group A and B cases was 98% and 96.9% in Group C cases. Full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia of any severity and age. The age of a patient at presentation should not preclude therapy.
{"title":"Is amblyopia of any severity fully treatable, irrespective of a patient’s age?","authors":"Sameera Irfan, Nausherwan Aadil, R. P. Maurya, Mohammad Saqib","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":": : To find out the level of visual improvement and the time it takes in amblyopia of any severity. : To find out whether the level of visual improvement is influenced by a patient's age at presentation. : To note whether the level of visual recovery is influenced by previous amblyopia therapy. To note any regression of visual acuity with time after initial improvement by therapy. To note complications of full-time occlusion therapy, especially occlusion amblyopia.: In a prospective interventional study, 1701 consecutive cases with poor vision were included irrespective of a patient’s age. After wearing refractive correction for 8-12 weeks and no further improvement in the BCVA, amblyopia therapy was started comprising of full-time patching of the good eye along with active use of the amblyopic eye by reading and writing at least 6 hours daily. Regular two weekly follow-ups were conducted. The endpoint of therapy was achieving a BCVA equal to that of the good eye. A regular post-patching follow-up was conducted for 1-3 years. Statistical analysis comparing the visual acuity at the start and the end of therapy was performed by a paired t-test for each group. : There were 896 male and 805 female cases. 1383 cases (81.3%) had previously failed amblyopia therapy. 49 cases (2.9%) dropped out of the study due to poor compliance with therapy or an incomplete follow-up. For a simplified analysis of results, the 1701 cases were divided into three age groups: Group A: age 4-7 years (473 cases), Group B: age 8-12 years (618 cases) and Group C: age 13-46 years (610 cases). The overall success in Group A and B cases was 98% and 96.9% in Group C cases. Full visual recovery is possible in amblyopia of any severity and age. The age of a patient at presentation should not preclude therapy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.012
S. K. Sah, R. Gurung, Shrban Sah, Tinku Mukherjee
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is usually done when the patient is on an empty stomach. In case, if the patient is not, their FFA is rescheduled for the next day to avoid the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications in patients who had undergone an FFA procedure on an empty stomach to those who had breakfast immediately before the procedure. In this study, 210 participants underwent FFA, of which 104 were fasting, and 106 had breakfast just before their procedure. In these two populations, we compare the immediate and post-procedure complications.: Patients who had FFA on an empty stomach were more likely to experience nausea and vomiting (11.32% vs 7.69%), skin allergies (1.89% vs 1.92%), and unconsciousness (0.94% vs 2.88%). In either the fasting or control groups, no complications were statistically significant (P>0.05). FFA is generally a safe procedure, however, previous studies have observed increased adverse events with people on empty stomachs. In individuals with various systemic disorders and diets, our study found no increase in adverse effects. Consequently, FFA shouldn’t be postponed in these individuals who are not on a diet or who have systemic co-morbidities.
{"title":"Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) most common complication compare with diet or without diet","authors":"S. K. Sah, R. Gurung, Shrban Sah, Tinku Mukherjee","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is usually done when the patient is on an empty stomach. In case, if the patient is not, their FFA is rescheduled for the next day to avoid the risk of complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications in patients who had undergone an FFA procedure on an empty stomach to those who had breakfast immediately before the procedure. In this study, 210 participants underwent FFA, of which 104 were fasting, and 106 had breakfast just before their procedure. In these two populations, we compare the immediate and post-procedure complications.: Patients who had FFA on an empty stomach were more likely to experience nausea and vomiting (11.32% vs 7.69%), skin allergies (1.89% vs 1.92%), and unconsciousness (0.94% vs 2.88%). In either the fasting or control groups, no complications were statistically significant (P>0.05). FFA is generally a safe procedure, however, previous studies have observed increased adverse events with people on empty stomachs. In individuals with various systemic disorders and diets, our study found no increase in adverse effects. Consequently, FFA shouldn’t be postponed in these individuals who are not on a diet or who have systemic co-morbidities.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a widespread global health issue that impacts people's quality of life, productivity at work, and financial stability significantly. It is identified by either a decrease in tear production, heightened evaporation of tears, or the presence of low-quality tears. These factors collectively contribute to inflammation, damage to the surface of the eye, and unusual perception of pain. The development of DED involving instability in the tear film, increased tear fluid concentration (hyperosmolarity), and inflammation. This cycle tends to sustain itself. Conventional treatments like artificial tear replacements and corticosteroids have proven to be ineffective in addressing this condition. Alongside conventional anti-inflammatory medications, nutrients that possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as potential DED treatments. Emerging data shows a connection between vitamin deficiencies and a significant DED risk, highlighting the role of vitamins in ocular health. Evidence supports that vitamins may interrupt the vicious cycle of DED pathogenesis and ameliorate inflammation. The review explores the efficacy of vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and vitamin E in mitigating the Complications of DED. The findings suggest that vitamin supplementation holds promise as a complementary approach to managing DED.
干眼症（DED）是一个普遍的全球性健康问题，严重影响人们的生活质量、工作效率和经济稳定。干眼症的特征是泪液分泌减少、泪液蒸发增加或出现低质量泪液。这些因素共同导致炎症、眼球表面损伤和异常疼痛感。DED 的发展涉及泪膜不稳定、泪液浓度升高（高渗透性）和炎症。这种循环往往会持续下去。事实证明，人工泪液替代品和皮质类固醇等传统治疗方法无法有效解决这一问题。除了传统的抗炎药物外，同时具有抗炎和抗氧化特性的营养素作为潜在的 DED 治疗方法也受到了关注。新出现的数据显示，维生素缺乏与 DED 的重大风险之间存在联系，这凸显了维生素在眼部健康中的作用。有证据表明，维生素可阻断 DED 发病的恶性循环并改善炎症。综述探讨了维生素 A、维生素 D、维生素 C 和维生素 E 等维生素在减轻 DED 并发症方面的功效。研究结果表明，维生素补充剂有望成为治疗 DED 的辅助方法。
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of vitamin supplements in dry eye disease: A comprehensive review","authors":"Santosh Kallur, Aditya Suryawanshi, Shruti Kashid, Aishwarya Gawade, Anushka Papade, Tanaya Bhise, Sujata Shendage","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a widespread global health issue that impacts people's quality of life, productivity at work, and financial stability significantly. It is identified by either a decrease in tear production, heightened evaporation of tears, or the presence of low-quality tears. These factors collectively contribute to inflammation, damage to the surface of the eye, and unusual perception of pain. The development of DED involving instability in the tear film, increased tear fluid concentration (hyperosmolarity), and inflammation. This cycle tends to sustain itself. Conventional treatments like artificial tear replacements and corticosteroids have proven to be ineffective in addressing this condition. Alongside conventional anti-inflammatory medications, nutrients that possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as potential DED treatments. Emerging data shows a connection between vitamin deficiencies and a significant DED risk, highlighting the role of vitamins in ocular health. Evidence supports that vitamins may interrupt the vicious cycle of DED pathogenesis and ameliorate inflammation. The review explores the efficacy of vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and vitamin E in mitigating the Complications of DED. The findings suggest that vitamin supplementation holds promise as a complementary approach to managing DED.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.029
Darshan S M, Sangeetha Jayakumar, Bindumalini M, Soumya H V, Pratheek Prabhu, Poojitha Shivarama
Aim of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge services provided for glaucoma among optometrists at primary health care.A cross-sectional questionnaire based study involving 36 Optometrists from Primary Healthcare Centre and government hospitals of Kolar and Chikkaballapur district, who participated in the ‘World Glaucoma awareness program’. The responses were compiled and analyzed for each category of questions using paired t test.Out of 36 participants 31 (86.11%) were males and 5 (13.89%) were females with an average age of 39.42+10.5 years and average duration of service in PHC/CHC/Taluk Hospital was 14.08 years. Among them 88.9% were aware about glaucoma being a disease due to increased intra ocular pressure (IOP). Although 69.4% knew that it leads to irreversible blindness, 75% were unaware of the symptoms that glaucoma presents with. 53% were unaware of the normal IOP of the eye and 41.7% the test to detect the same. 33.3% of hospitals had Shiotz tonometer but only 22.2% were aware of testing the IOP and peripheral visual field for diagnosing glaucoma. 61.1% were not familiar with any antiglaucoma drug and 52.8% about the duration of treatment. Post-test analysis was statistically significant with respect to the Awareness, Knowledge and Services (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001).This study reveals the lacunae and highlights the importance of routine eye examination of rural population by Optometrists for early detection of glaucoma through improved services and timely referral to Ophthalmologists for further evaluation, thereby reducing the burden of visual impairment.
{"title":"An interventional study on awareness, knowledge and services provided for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma by optometrists in primary healthcare centre of Kolar district","authors":"Darshan S M, Sangeetha Jayakumar, Bindumalini M, Soumya H V, Pratheek Prabhu, Poojitha Shivarama","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.029","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge services provided for glaucoma among optometrists at primary health care.A cross-sectional questionnaire based study involving 36 Optometrists from Primary Healthcare Centre and government hospitals of Kolar and Chikkaballapur district, who participated in the ‘World Glaucoma awareness program’. The responses were compiled and analyzed for each category of questions using paired t test.Out of 36 participants 31 (86.11%) were males and 5 (13.89%) were females with an average age of 39.42+10.5 years and average duration of service in PHC/CHC/Taluk Hospital was 14.08 years. Among them 88.9% were aware about glaucoma being a disease due to increased intra ocular pressure (IOP). Although 69.4% knew that it leads to irreversible blindness, 75% were unaware of the symptoms that glaucoma presents with. 53% were unaware of the normal IOP of the eye and 41.7% the test to detect the same. 33.3% of hospitals had Shiotz tonometer but only 22.2% were aware of testing the IOP and peripheral visual field for diagnosing glaucoma. 61.1% were not familiar with any antiglaucoma drug and 52.8% about the duration of treatment. Post-test analysis was statistically significant with respect to the Awareness, Knowledge and Services (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001).This study reveals the lacunae and highlights the importance of routine eye examination of rural population by Optometrists for early detection of glaucoma through improved services and timely referral to Ophthalmologists for further evaluation, thereby reducing the burden of visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to investigate the correlation between clinico-socio-demographic factors and ocular diseases in diabetic patients and assess the knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus regarding diabetes-related ocular diseases.This cross-sectional study examined 120 diabetic patients referred from the Diabetic clinic. Clinico-socio-demographic data was analysed to understand ocular disease correlations and guide interventions. Anthropometric and medical history data were gathered using a self-developed questionnaire. Biochemical parameters, fasting, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels were measured. Assessment of Awareness and experiences of diabetic ocular disease with a scoring system was done. Ocular exams (slit lamp, intraocular pressure, and fundus checks) were conducted by an ophthalmologist in the Ophthalmology OPD. The study found that the most prevalent ocular disease in diabetic patients was cataract (52.5%), followed by diabetic retinopathy (13.33%). Demographic factors showed significant associations with ocular diseases (p < 0.05). The research identified a notable ocular disease prevalence among diabetes patients, with socioeconomic factors impacting treatment access and causing lasting eye damage. Awareness of diabetes and its complications was moderate, highlighting the need for enhanced education via diverse channels and healthcare facilities to enable early detection and improved outcomes.
{"title":"Investigating the influence of clinico-socio-demographic factors on ocular disorders in diabetes mellitus: A study from western Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Manisha Singh, Amrita Sinha, Nandita Chaturvedi, Anurag Srivastava, Utkarsh S Tomar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.032","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate the correlation between clinico-socio-demographic factors and ocular diseases in diabetic patients and assess the knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus regarding diabetes-related ocular diseases.This cross-sectional study examined 120 diabetic patients referred from the Diabetic clinic. Clinico-socio-demographic data was analysed to understand ocular disease correlations and guide interventions. Anthropometric and medical history data were gathered using a self-developed questionnaire. Biochemical parameters, fasting, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels were measured. Assessment of Awareness and experiences of diabetic ocular disease with a scoring system was done. Ocular exams (slit lamp, intraocular pressure, and fundus checks) were conducted by an ophthalmologist in the Ophthalmology OPD. The study found that the most prevalent ocular disease in diabetic patients was cataract (52.5%), followed by diabetic retinopathy (13.33%). Demographic factors showed significant associations with ocular diseases (p < 0.05). The research identified a notable ocular disease prevalence among diabetes patients, with socioeconomic factors impacting treatment access and causing lasting eye damage. Awareness of diabetes and its complications was moderate, highlighting the need for enhanced education via diverse channels and healthcare facilities to enable early detection and improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.034
Rakesh Shakya, N. Ahluwalia, R. P. Maurya, Chintan Shah, Nidhi Gupta, B. K. Jain
Elevated episcleral venous pressure (EEVP) is a rare but important cause of raised intraocular pressure. The resultant glaucoma is often severe and refractory to routine anti glaucoma treatment. Usually it occurs due to arteriovenous fistulas or venous congestion. This entity is important to detect as it may be associated with serious pathologies like retrobulbar tumor, cavernous sinus thrombosis, mediastinal tumor to name a few. EEVP is considered idiopathic after ruling out such disorders. Here, we have described idiopathic EEVP also known as Radius-Maumenee syndrome along with a detailed diagnostic and therapeutic approach of management.
{"title":"A rare case of Radius Maumenee syndrome with unilateral open angle glaucoma","authors":"Rakesh Shakya, N. Ahluwalia, R. P. Maurya, Chintan Shah, Nidhi Gupta, B. K. Jain","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.034","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated episcleral venous pressure (EEVP) is a rare but important cause of raised intraocular pressure. The resultant glaucoma is often severe and refractory to routine anti glaucoma treatment. Usually it occurs due to arteriovenous fistulas or venous congestion. This entity is important to detect as it may be associated with serious pathologies like retrobulbar tumor, cavernous sinus thrombosis, mediastinal tumor to name a few. EEVP is considered idiopathic after ruling out such disorders. Here, we have described idiopathic EEVP also known as Radius-Maumenee syndrome along with a detailed diagnostic and therapeutic approach of management.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.025
Sumalath Sai Keerthi Mathukumalli, Srila Sreenivas
The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contact lens users among medical students and professionals in a tertiary hospital regarding eye hygiene and access to Ophthalmological medical services in the pandemic.After obtaining consent, a Questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among 102 candidates including medical professionals and students in a tertiary hospital using Contact lenses. Chi-square statistics was used to analyze categorical variables, considering p-value<0.05 as statistically significant.83 users (81.37%) reported that their contact lens usage has reduced particularly during the pandemic, of whom 55 users (66.26%) stated to have had a fear of being more susceptible to COVID-19’. A significant number of users (n=35; p value=0.0015) even consider that it is necessary for contact lens users to switch to spectacles. A significant number of users (42 users; 41.18%) have confessed to touching their faces and eyes without proper hand washing. Only 16 participants (15.69%) were aware of the guidelines for contact lens usage and only 30 users (29.41%) availed tele-health services.The existence of poor Contact lens compliance amongst users as reflected by this study and many alike highlights the responsibility of Ophthalmologists to make sure that proper practices are maintained by increasing awareness among the public by addressing their fears and explaining the detrimental effects of unhygienic contact lens usage.
{"title":"Assessment of ocular hygiene and compliance among contact lens users during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Sumalath Sai Keerthi Mathukumalli, Srila Sreenivas","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of contact lens users among medical students and professionals in a tertiary hospital regarding eye hygiene and access to Ophthalmological medical services in the pandemic.After obtaining consent, a Questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among 102 candidates including medical professionals and students in a tertiary hospital using Contact lenses. Chi-square statistics was used to analyze categorical variables, considering p-value<0.05 as statistically significant.83 users (81.37%) reported that their contact lens usage has reduced particularly during the pandemic, of whom 55 users (66.26%) stated to have had a fear of being more susceptible to COVID-19’. A significant number of users (n=35; p value=0.0015) even consider that it is necessary for contact lens users to switch to spectacles. A significant number of users (42 users; 41.18%) have confessed to touching their faces and eyes without proper hand washing. Only 16 participants (15.69%) were aware of the guidelines for contact lens usage and only 30 users (29.41%) availed tele-health services.The existence of poor Contact lens compliance amongst users as reflected by this study and many alike highlights the responsibility of Ophthalmologists to make sure that proper practices are maintained by increasing awareness among the public by addressing their fears and explaining the detrimental effects of unhygienic contact lens usage.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.024
Pritanu Deb Baruah, Kaveri Das, R. K. Das, Anuradha Baruah
Due to the close anatomical proximity, aneurysm of posterior communicating artery may cause oculomotor nerve palsy, which is a common manifestation and it may present with pupil involving extra ocular muscle paresis. The onset may be acute due to sudden aneurysm dissection along with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This may warrant urgent lifesaving surgical intervention along with the options of interventional radiological procedures.Normally, the occipital lobe is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). When the pre-communicating portion of the PCA is larger than the posterior communicating artery (PCA), the occipital lobe is primarily supplied by the vertebrobasilar artery. Sometimes the pre-communicating portion of the PCA may be smaller than the PCoA in which the occipital lobe is primarily supplied by the internal carotid artery.Understanding the posterior circulation anomalies of Circle of Willis. This study involved 50 fetal brains belonging to perinatal age group and 30 adult brains of human cadavers by dissection. The PCoA was missing in 14% of the samples. The difference between the outer diameters of the P1 portion of the PCA and the PCoA was very significant.So, a detailed anatomical understanding of Circle of Willis and manifestation of the third nerve palsy is sometimes equivocal for a clinician for better management and patient outcome.
{"title":"Anatomical aberration of posterior part of circle of Willis with special reference to third nerve palsy","authors":"Pritanu Deb Baruah, Kaveri Das, R. K. Das, Anuradha Baruah","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.024","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the close anatomical proximity, aneurysm of posterior communicating artery may cause oculomotor nerve palsy, which is a common manifestation and it may present with pupil involving extra ocular muscle paresis. The onset may be acute due to sudden aneurysm dissection along with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This may warrant urgent lifesaving surgical intervention along with the options of interventional radiological procedures.Normally, the occipital lobe is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). When the pre-communicating portion of the PCA is larger than the posterior communicating artery (PCA), the occipital lobe is primarily supplied by the vertebrobasilar artery. Sometimes the pre-communicating portion of the PCA may be smaller than the PCoA in which the occipital lobe is primarily supplied by the internal carotid artery.Understanding the posterior circulation anomalies of Circle of Willis. This study involved 50 fetal brains belonging to perinatal age group and 30 adult brains of human cadavers by dissection. The PCoA was missing in 14% of the samples. The difference between the outer diameters of the P1 portion of the PCA and the PCoA was very significant.So, a detailed anatomical understanding of Circle of Willis and manifestation of the third nerve palsy is sometimes equivocal for a clinician for better management and patient outcome.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.018
M. Kuruvila, Sunil Biradar
This study aims to recognize the interrelation among total vitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic mellitus particular type 2 variant.That was a cross-sectional look on 276 patients with diabetes mellitus. Cases were grouped similarly into with and without DR.Screening tactics like unique records, best-corrected visual acuity, fundoscopic examination, and blood investigations like fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, HbA1C vitamin-D were carried out. Diabetic retinopathy is graded the use of ETDRS.The relation of the period of diabetes to the severity of retinopathy showed an advantageous correlation, with a p-value <0.001. It has confirmed an inverse relationship among the severity of diabetic retinopathy and Vitamin D values. Sufferers with mild NPDR and moderate NPDR had Vitamin D insufficiency, which decreased to Vitamin D deficiency stages in severe NPDR and PDR.A relation change is observed among diabetic retinopathy and total Vitamin D levels. Henceforth, it is important to examine the affiliation of Vitamin D with the extent of DR, its use to forecast of the severity of DR, and as a device to restrict or prevent the development of retinopathy modifications.
这项研究的目的是认识总维生素 D 水平与糖尿病视网膜病变之间的相互关系，尤其是在糖尿病 2 型变异型患者中。该研究对 276 名糖尿病患者进行了横断面观察，将病例同样分为有糖尿病和无糖尿病两组。进行了独特记录、最佳矫正视力、眼底镜检查以及空腹血糖、餐后血糖、HbA1C 维生素-D 等血液检查等筛查手段。采用 ETDRS 对糖尿病视网膜病变进行分级。糖尿病时期与视网膜病变严重程度的关系显示出良好的相关性，P 值小于 0.001。研究证实，糖尿病视网膜病变的严重程度与维生素 D 值呈反比关系。轻度 NPDR 和中度 NPDR 患者维生素 D 不足，重度 NPDR 和 PDR 患者维生素 D 缺乏。因此，研究维生素 D 与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的关系、利用维生素 D 预测糖尿病视网膜病变的严重程度，以及将维生素 D 作为限制或预防视网膜病变发展的一种手段，具有重要意义。
{"title":"Study on the association between total vitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic mellitus","authors":"M. Kuruvila, Sunil Biradar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to recognize the interrelation among total vitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic mellitus particular type 2 variant.That was a cross-sectional look on 276 patients with diabetes mellitus. Cases were grouped similarly into with and without DR.Screening tactics like unique records, best-corrected visual acuity, fundoscopic examination, and blood investigations like fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, HbA1C vitamin-D were carried out. Diabetic retinopathy is graded the use of ETDRS.The relation of the period of diabetes to the severity of retinopathy showed an advantageous correlation, with a p-value <0.001. It has confirmed an inverse relationship among the severity of diabetic retinopathy and Vitamin D values. Sufferers with mild NPDR and moderate NPDR had Vitamin D insufficiency, which decreased to Vitamin D deficiency stages in severe NPDR and PDR.A relation change is observed among diabetic retinopathy and total Vitamin D levels. Henceforth, it is important to examine the affiliation of Vitamin D with the extent of DR, its use to forecast of the severity of DR, and as a device to restrict or prevent the development of retinopathy modifications.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.028
Pooja H V, Lakshmi M S
: The aim of this study was to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the progression of diabetic retinopathy and to determine the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with various grades of diabetic retinopathy.Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ocular complication of Diabetes mellitus. Various studies have shown that mild elevations of homocysteine in plasma are associated with an increased risk of vaso-occlusive disease, thrombosis, and stroke.: A total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy from October 2018 to September 2019 were included in our study. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy examination(SLE), fundoscopy using indirect ophthalmoscope and using 90D lens on slit lamp was done in all patients. Serum homocysteine was assessed in all. The data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Results were expressed as mean, frequency and percentage. Out of 97 patients, mean serum homocysteine seen in mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 13.8 ± 0.33, 14.6 ± 0.44, 14.64 ± 0.41 and 15.78 ± 1.33 respectively.: In our study we found serum homocysteine levels was elevated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy when compared to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
{"title":"Role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the progression of diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Pooja H V, Lakshmi M S","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.028","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study was to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the progression of diabetic retinopathy and to determine the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with various grades of diabetic retinopathy.Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ocular complication of Diabetes mellitus. Various studies have shown that mild elevations of homocysteine in plasma are associated with an increased risk of vaso-occlusive disease, thrombosis, and stroke.: A total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy from October 2018 to September 2019 were included in our study. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy examination(SLE), fundoscopy using indirect ophthalmoscope and using 90D lens on slit lamp was done in all patients. Serum homocysteine was assessed in all. The data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Results were expressed as mean, frequency and percentage. Out of 97 patients, mean serum homocysteine seen in mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 13.8 ± 0.33, 14.6 ± 0.44, 14.64 ± 0.41 and 15.78 ± 1.33 respectively.: In our study we found serum homocysteine levels was elevated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy when compared to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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