Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.095
Sumeeta Khurana, Chayan Sharma
keratitis (AK) is a severe and potentially blinding corneal infection caused by the protozoan . Despite its rare occurrence, AK poses significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management due to its complex pathogenesis and resistance to conventional therapies. Experimental models have played a crucial role in deepening our understanding of the disease and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This abstract review the various experimental models utilized to study keratitis. These models encompass both in vitro and in vivo systems, enabling researchers to simulate the pathogenic processes involved and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. , models include cell cultures, corneal epithelial cell lines, and three-dimensional corneal constructs. These systems allow the investigation of adhesion, invasion, host immune responses, and drug efficacy. They provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and aid in the screening of potential anti- agents. models, including animal models such as rabbits and mice, mimic the clinical manifestations of AK and provide a platform for assessing disease progression, evaluating host immune responses, and testing therapeutic interventions. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the factors influencing pathogenesis, including host susceptibility, immune responses, and corneal tissue interactions. Overall, experimental models of keratitis have significantly contributed to our understanding of the disease and provided a platform for developing and evaluating novel treatment strategies. The insights gained from these models hold promise for developing more effective therapies, aiming to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the devastating consequences of keratitis.
角膜炎（AK）是由原虫引起的一种严重的、可能致盲的角膜感染。尽管 AK 病例罕见，但由于其发病机制复杂且对传统疗法具有抗药性，因此给诊断、治疗和管理带来了巨大挑战。实验模型在加深我们对该疾病的了解和开发新型治疗策略方面发挥了至关重要的作用。本摘要回顾了用于研究角膜炎的各种实验模型。这些模型包括体外和体内系统，使研究人员能够模拟相关的致病过程并评估潜在的治疗干预措施。这些模型包括细胞培养物、角膜上皮细胞系和三维角膜构建体。这些系统可用于研究粘附、入侵、宿主免疫反应和药物疗效。这些模型，包括兔子和小鼠等动物模型，模拟了 AK 的临床表现，为评估疾病进展、评价宿主免疫反应和测试治疗干预措施提供了一个平台。这些模型有助于阐明影响发病机制的因素，包括宿主易感性、免疫反应和角膜组织相互作用。总之，角膜炎实验模型极大地促进了我们对该疾病的了解，并为开发和评估新型治疗策略提供了平台。从这些模型中获得的知识有望开发出更有效的疗法，从而改善患者的治疗效果，减轻角膜炎的破坏性后果。
{"title":"Experimental models of Acanthamoeba keratitis","authors":"Sumeeta Khurana, Chayan Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.095","url":null,"abstract":"keratitis (AK) is a severe and potentially blinding corneal infection caused by the protozoan . Despite its rare occurrence, AK poses significant challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management due to its complex pathogenesis and resistance to conventional therapies. Experimental models have played a crucial role in deepening our understanding of the disease and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This abstract review the various experimental models utilized to study keratitis. These models encompass both in vitro and in vivo systems, enabling researchers to simulate the pathogenic processes involved and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions. , models include cell cultures, corneal epithelial cell lines, and three-dimensional corneal constructs. These systems allow the investigation of adhesion, invasion, host immune responses, and drug efficacy. They provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and aid in the screening of potential anti- agents. models, including animal models such as rabbits and mice, mimic the clinical manifestations of AK and provide a platform for assessing disease progression, evaluating host immune responses, and testing therapeutic interventions. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the factors influencing pathogenesis, including host susceptibility, immune responses, and corneal tissue interactions. Overall, experimental models of keratitis have significantly contributed to our understanding of the disease and provided a platform for developing and evaluating novel treatment strategies. The insights gained from these models hold promise for developing more effective therapies, aiming to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the devastating consequences of keratitis.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menstrual cycles are essential to women's health and play a significant role in their daily lives. While the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are recognized, research has focused on investigating their specific effects on ocular and visual characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential alterations in ocular parameters and alterations to visual performance throughout the cycle of menstruation. Following a search in various research repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and EMBASE, both original and review publications were reviewed, and information was utilized in this study. Studies with changes in Ocular parameters during all three menstrual cycle phases were noted. The reported studies documented only normally menstruating women. This study provided valuable knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for menstrual cycle-related ocular symptoms and changes and the impact of these conditions on women's life. This information can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing menstrual cycle-related ocular problems and their significance in clinical practice.
{"title":"Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review","authors":"Animesh Mondal, Nishtha Verma, Sourav Karmakar, Gaurav Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.091","url":null,"abstract":"Menstrual cycles are essential to women's health and play a significant role in their daily lives. While the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are recognized, research has focused on investigating their specific effects on ocular and visual characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential alterations in ocular parameters and alterations to visual performance throughout the cycle of menstruation. Following a search in various research repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and EMBASE, both original and review publications were reviewed, and information was utilized in this study. Studies with changes in Ocular parameters during all three menstrual cycle phases were noted. The reported studies documented only normally menstruating women. This study provided valuable knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for menstrual cycle-related ocular symptoms and changes and the impact of these conditions on women's life. This information can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing menstrual cycle-related ocular problems and their significance in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.106
P. Mishra, V. Kanaujia, Kumudini Sharma, Prabhaker Mishra
: To determine the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) morphologic parameters like macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic retinopathy cases. This is a retrospective study including 52 eyes with severe non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema who required PRP. Macular GCIPL, CMT and peripapillary RNFL thickness measured at baseline and at 1-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post PRP with SD OCT. CMT, Macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increased significantly at 1 month (p<0.05), thereafter a decreasing trend noted at 6, 12 and 18 months. At 18 month CMT, GCIPL and RNFL thickness are higher than baseline but not statistically significant except temporal RNFL and Average GCIPL (p<0.05). A significant correlation found between changes in temporal RNFL and average GCIPL thickness (Pearson Correlation coefficient r= 0.652, 0.557, 0.782, 0.624 at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months respectively. P<0.05 for all values) CMT, macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increase following PRP; peaking at month 1 and stabilizing through next 18 months. Macular GCIPL thickness could be a reproducible indicator of temporal RNFL.
{"title":"Effect of pan retinal photocoagulation on macular ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness","authors":"P. Mishra, V. Kanaujia, Kumudini Sharma, Prabhaker Mishra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.106","url":null,"abstract":": To determine the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) morphologic parameters like macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic retinopathy cases. This is a retrospective study including 52 eyes with severe non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema who required PRP. Macular GCIPL, CMT and peripapillary RNFL thickness measured at baseline and at 1-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post PRP with SD OCT. CMT, Macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increased significantly at 1 month (p<0.05), thereafter a decreasing trend noted at 6, 12 and 18 months. At 18 month CMT, GCIPL and RNFL thickness are higher than baseline but not statistically significant except temporal RNFL and Average GCIPL (p<0.05). A significant correlation found between changes in temporal RNFL and average GCIPL thickness (Pearson Correlation coefficient r= 0.652, 0.557, 0.782, 0.624 at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months respectively. P<0.05 for all values) CMT, macular GCIPL and peripapillary RNFL thickness increase following PRP; peaking at month 1 and stabilizing through next 18 months. Macular GCIPL thickness could be a reproducible indicator of temporal RNFL.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.123
Umesh Kumar, S. Bera, Shikha Jaiswal, K. C. N. Navya, Vivek Vijay Kumar, R. P. Maurya
: Plexiform neurofibroma with neurofibromatosis 1 is a autosomal dominant condition and a relatively rare condition. It is also termed as Von Recklinghausen disease. PN involving the structures like eyelid, orbit, periorbital and facial structures are labelled as orbital-periorbital PN(OPPN). These are slowly progressing lesions and are present since birth but increase in size during childhood and are locally infiltrating in nature.: To describe a lid incision to simultaneously debulk both upper and lower eyelid, preserving the vascularity in a case of Orbital Periorbital Plexiform Neurofibroma (OPPN).: We report a case of 22 year male who presented with a disfiguring swelling of right side of face since childhood. After thorough clinical and radiological evaluation it was diagnosed to be a OPPN. Staged debulking was planned and after stage 1 debulking, tissue was sent for HPE which revealed overgrowth of peripheral nerve components and connective tissue dermis showing infiltrating tumour composed of oval to spindle cells with pleomorphic nuclei and moderate cytoplasm. Staged debulking with lid reduction surgery was performed.: Neurofibroma is a rare entity with plexiform neurofibroma occurring in 5-15% of patients. OPPN infiltrates locally without respecting the anatomical planes but follows the trigeminal nerve distribution usually. Indications for debulking procedure are usually the disfigurement and optimal timing is also not certain because the extent and rate of growth cannot be predicted.: The facial appearance and outcome in patients with OPPN can be significantly improved through lid reduction surgery.
{"title":"Novel incision to debulk eyelids in a case of Orbital Periorbital Plexiform Neurofibroma (OPPN): A case report","authors":"Umesh Kumar, S. Bera, Shikha Jaiswal, K. C. N. Navya, Vivek Vijay Kumar, R. P. Maurya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.123","url":null,"abstract":": Plexiform neurofibroma with neurofibromatosis 1 is a autosomal dominant condition and a relatively rare condition. It is also termed as Von Recklinghausen disease. PN involving the structures like eyelid, orbit, periorbital and facial structures are labelled as orbital-periorbital PN(OPPN). These are slowly progressing lesions and are present since birth but increase in size during childhood and are locally infiltrating in nature.: To describe a lid incision to simultaneously debulk both upper and lower eyelid, preserving the vascularity in a case of Orbital Periorbital Plexiform Neurofibroma (OPPN).: We report a case of 22 year male who presented with a disfiguring swelling of right side of face since childhood. After thorough clinical and radiological evaluation it was diagnosed to be a OPPN. Staged debulking was planned and after stage 1 debulking, tissue was sent for HPE which revealed overgrowth of peripheral nerve components and connective tissue dermis showing infiltrating tumour composed of oval to spindle cells with pleomorphic nuclei and moderate cytoplasm. Staged debulking with lid reduction surgery was performed.: Neurofibroma is a rare entity with plexiform neurofibroma occurring in 5-15% of patients. OPPN infiltrates locally without respecting the anatomical planes but follows the trigeminal nerve distribution usually. Indications for debulking procedure are usually the disfigurement and optimal timing is also not certain because the extent and rate of growth cannot be predicted.: The facial appearance and outcome in patients with OPPN can be significantly improved through lid reduction surgery.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.116
Snehal Mahadik, Z. S. Saifee, Ayushi Neema
To evaluate the surgical outcome of use of autologous blood as an adhesive agent in pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-grafting. To observe the effectiveness of autologous blood adherence on the scleral bed and to know whether autologous blood technique can be made as a standard procedure in pterygium surgery or not.The present study is a retrospective observational study. The records of 94 cases of primary pterygium surgery done during August 2022- January 2023 were taken. All patients underwent comprehensive ocular examination pertinent to the disease. Pterygium was dissected and remaining subconjunctival pterygium tissue was separated and excised. The conjunctival limbal auto-graft was taken secured in place by autologous blood and dressing done. Follow-up was done on second post operative day,1st week and 1 month. The study displayed excellent surgical outcome with minimal post operative complications, which too resolved in a week. The most common complication was subconjunctival hemorrhage in 38 cases followed by graft edema in 32 cases. Though graft displacement was observed in 4 cases, they were later rearranged successfully. We did not observe even a single graft loss in our study.Pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-grafting with autologous blood is very safe, less time consuming, easy to perform with less learning curve, economical with excellent postoperative outcome and most importantly more patient satisfaction, thus, making it equivalent to or rather superior to other comparable procedures.
{"title":"Evaluating surgical outcome of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft using autologous blood: Can it be a new norm?","authors":"Snehal Mahadik, Z. S. Saifee, Ayushi Neema","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.116","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the surgical outcome of use of autologous blood as an adhesive agent in pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-grafting. To observe the effectiveness of autologous blood adherence on the scleral bed and to know whether autologous blood technique can be made as a standard procedure in pterygium surgery or not.The present study is a retrospective observational study. The records of 94 cases of primary pterygium surgery done during August 2022- January 2023 were taken. All patients underwent comprehensive ocular examination pertinent to the disease. Pterygium was dissected and remaining subconjunctival pterygium tissue was separated and excised. The conjunctival limbal auto-graft was taken secured in place by autologous blood and dressing done. Follow-up was done on second post operative day,1st week and 1 month. The study displayed excellent surgical outcome with minimal post operative complications, which too resolved in a week. The most common complication was subconjunctival hemorrhage in 38 cases followed by graft edema in 32 cases. Though graft displacement was observed in 4 cases, they were later rearranged successfully. We did not observe even a single graft loss in our study.Pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-grafting with autologous blood is very safe, less time consuming, easy to perform with less learning curve, economical with excellent postoperative outcome and most importantly more patient satisfaction, thus, making it equivalent to or rather superior to other comparable procedures.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.096
S. Kadir, R. P. Maurya, S. M. Noman, Tanima Roy
The goal is to assess the effectiveness and safety of trabeculectomy with collagen implants for glaucoma patients who cannot be managed medically. This research is a case series that intervenes without randomization and focuses on potential outcomes. The study consisted of 76 treated eyes of 76 patients with uncontrollable glaucoma. A thorough examination of the eyes was performed on all patients, and the results were documented. Each patient underwent conventional trabeculectomy surgery using the fornix-based approach. Additionally, a subconjunctival collagen implant known as Ologen was also utilized. We recorded preoperative data such as age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, glaucoma type, and a few preoperative antiglaucoma medications. We recorded the intraocular pressure after surgery, the number of glaucoma medications given after surgery, and any complications that occurred during the postoperative period. Each patient was monitored for a minimum of six months. Before the operation, the average intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.21 ± 12.5, and the patient took at least two IOP-lowering medications (average 2.3). The postoperative IOP was measured after three months and found to be 13.85±5.42mm Hg, with a p-value of 0.060. On average, the blood pressure decreased by 16.42±6.42 mmHg after six months, with a p-value of 0.056. After six months, it was observed that the medication significantly reduced 1.22 in intraocular pressure (P=<0.001), leading to a notable decrease of 17.79 mmHg. The success rate stood at a commendable 97.36% at the three-month mark, but it reduced to an alarming 88.15% by the last visit. Within just one month after the operation, several complications arose, including three cases of hyphaema, one case of the shallow anterior chamber, and two cases of wound leak. All patients showed gradual improvement with conservative management. However, three of them developed cataracts within three months. For patients who have not responded to topical antiglaucoma medications, to manage intraocular pressure is a dependable and safe surgical procedure that offers an efficient treatment option.
{"title":"Trabeculectomy with collagen implant for the treatment of glaucoma","authors":"S. Kadir, R. P. Maurya, S. M. Noman, Tanima Roy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.096","url":null,"abstract":"The goal is to assess the effectiveness and safety of trabeculectomy with collagen implants for glaucoma patients who cannot be managed medically. This research is a case series that intervenes without randomization and focuses on potential outcomes. The study consisted of 76 treated eyes of 76 patients with uncontrollable glaucoma. A thorough examination of the eyes was performed on all patients, and the results were documented. Each patient underwent conventional trabeculectomy surgery using the fornix-based approach. Additionally, a subconjunctival collagen implant known as Ologen was also utilized. We recorded preoperative data such as age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, glaucoma type, and a few preoperative antiglaucoma medications. We recorded the intraocular pressure after surgery, the number of glaucoma medications given after surgery, and any complications that occurred during the postoperative period. Each patient was monitored for a minimum of six months. Before the operation, the average intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.21 ± 12.5, and the patient took at least two IOP-lowering medications (average 2.3). The postoperative IOP was measured after three months and found to be 13.85±5.42mm Hg, with a p-value of 0.060. On average, the blood pressure decreased by 16.42±6.42 mmHg after six months, with a p-value of 0.056. After six months, it was observed that the medication significantly reduced 1.22 in intraocular pressure (P=<0.001), leading to a notable decrease of 17.79 mmHg. The success rate stood at a commendable 97.36% at the three-month mark, but it reduced to an alarming 88.15% by the last visit. Within just one month after the operation, several complications arose, including three cases of hyphaema, one case of the shallow anterior chamber, and two cases of wound leak. All patients showed gradual improvement with conservative management. However, three of them developed cataracts within three months. For patients who have not responded to topical antiglaucoma medications, to manage intraocular pressure is a dependable and safe surgical procedure that offers an efficient treatment option.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of this study was to assess the different difficulties North Karnataka's ophthalmologists encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. A online questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the various difficulties faced by the ophthalmologists following the lockdown period in their respective practice areas. Data was collected from the responding ophthalmologists on Google forms and analyzed using SPSS software. A total number of 160 responses were obtained. Most of them (32.59%) were in the age group 40–50 years and were working in private practice (35%). 78.12% of ophthalmologists returned to performing surgical procedures after a gap of more than a month post-lockdown. 38.12% of the participants reported a decrease in their surgical workload of more than 90% within this time frame. Significant fear of getting infected with COVID-19 in the operation theatres was reported. 65.65% of participants used N-95 masks while working. Revenue generation was affected significantly during this lockdown. : It is quite evident that the eye care practitioners have been affected significantly, with patient and staff safety being the major concerns.
{"title":"Challenges faced by ophthalmologists during COVID-19 era","authors":"Prajwalli Reddy, Sumeet Deshpande, Shreya Mishra, Swathy Reddy, Zeba Fatima","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.109","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to assess the different difficulties North Karnataka's ophthalmologists encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. A online questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the various difficulties faced by the ophthalmologists following the lockdown period in their respective practice areas. Data was collected from the responding ophthalmologists on Google forms and analyzed using SPSS software. A total number of 160 responses were obtained. Most of them (32.59%) were in the age group 40–50 years and were working in private practice (35%). 78.12% of ophthalmologists returned to performing surgical procedures after a gap of more than a month post-lockdown. 38.12% of the participants reported a decrease in their surgical workload of more than 90% within this time frame. Significant fear of getting infected with COVID-19 in the operation theatres was reported. 65.65% of participants used N-95 masks while working. Revenue generation was affected significantly during this lockdown. : It is quite evident that the eye care practitioners have been affected significantly, with patient and staff safety being the major concerns.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.107
Amari V Hun, Shivani B Jariwala
The study aimed to estimate the level of stereoacuity in medical undergraduate students, factors associated with reduced stereoacuity, and time taken to interpret plates. Cross-sectional study was done at the Medical College of South Gujarat from April 2021 to June 2022, enrolling 400 consenting students. Detailed ocular history was taken; best corrected visual acuity was assessed for distance and near after cycloplegic refraction for cases with subnormal visual acuity and power of glasses documented. Level of Stereopsis was assessed using TNO random dot stereoacuity chart and time taken to read plates 1 and 5 was recorded. Data were entered and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Out of 400 students, 64.25% had a refractive error. Simple myopia was most prevalent refractive error (43.25%), followed by compound myopic astigmatism (19.5%). Seven students had anisometropic amblyopia and two had strabismic amblyopia. 19.75% cases had subnormal stereopsis. Among them, 10.25% cases had simple myopia, 7.25% had high compound myopic astigmatism, 1.75% had anisometropic amblyopia and 0.5% cases had strabismic amblyopia. Average time taken by emmetrope to read plate 1 and plate 5 was 13.93 ± 14.03 and 19.03 ± 20.66 respectively and for cases with refractive errors, time taken was 17.59 ± 13.95 and 27.83 ± 20.77 respectively. This was statistically significant (P <0.05). Most of the students had good stereoacuity as they were already wearing refractive correction. Commonest cause of subnormal stereopsis ware simple myopia, compound myopic astigmatism and amblyopia. Time taken to read the plates is more for refractive error as compared to emmetropes.
{"title":"Assessment of stereoacuity (3D vision) using TNO random dot stereo acuity chart in medical undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Amari V Hun, Shivani B Jariwala","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.107","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the level of stereoacuity in medical undergraduate students, factors associated with reduced stereoacuity, and time taken to interpret plates. Cross-sectional study was done at the Medical College of South Gujarat from April 2021 to June 2022, enrolling 400 consenting students. Detailed ocular history was taken; best corrected visual acuity was assessed for distance and near after cycloplegic refraction for cases with subnormal visual acuity and power of glasses documented. Level of Stereopsis was assessed using TNO random dot stereoacuity chart and time taken to read plates 1 and 5 was recorded. Data were entered and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Out of 400 students, 64.25% had a refractive error. Simple myopia was most prevalent refractive error (43.25%), followed by compound myopic astigmatism (19.5%). Seven students had anisometropic amblyopia and two had strabismic amblyopia. 19.75% cases had subnormal stereopsis. Among them, 10.25% cases had simple myopia, 7.25% had high compound myopic astigmatism, 1.75% had anisometropic amblyopia and 0.5% cases had strabismic amblyopia. Average time taken by emmetrope to read plate 1 and plate 5 was 13.93 ± 14.03 and 19.03 ± 20.66 respectively and for cases with refractive errors, time taken was 17.59 ± 13.95 and 27.83 ± 20.77 respectively. This was statistically significant (P <0.05). Most of the students had good stereoacuity as they were already wearing refractive correction. Commonest cause of subnormal stereopsis ware simple myopia, compound myopic astigmatism and amblyopia. Time taken to read the plates is more for refractive error as compared to emmetropes.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.121
Parthasarathi Roy, Sarbaraj Nag
Although HSV keratitis is one of the leading infectious causes of blindness world-wide, its misdiagnosis is not infrequent in clinical practise. We present here six eyes of five cases, all of which were initially misdiagnosed as bacterial / fungal ulcers. All these ulcers had some characteristics in common like, overt/ impending sloughing ulcer with punched out margin and clear-cut lamella planar separation. To the best of our knowledge these characterisations of HSV keratitis were not discussed earlier in literature. Diagnosis rested on clinical findings and response to antiviral therapy. A possible pathophysiology based on anatomical distribution of corneal nerves was discussed. Placement of this distinct group of ulcers in the classification of infective HSK, between dendritic, geographical, punctate ulcers at one end of the spectrum and neurotrophic ulcers at the other, and named as 'neuropathic ulcers' is hereby suggested.: Apart from dendritic, geographical, punctate ulcers at one end of the spectrum and neurotrophic ulcers at the other, there seemed to be another distinct group of herpetic ulcers in between. This new group was characterised by sloughing of that area of the cornea, which was innervated by the HSV infected corneal nerve. The process of sloughing might be aggressive or slow and seemed to progress in an orderly fashion. The area of cornea supplied by the affected nerve was separated from normal cornea by a punched-out border of demarcation followed by lamellar cleavage (separation) following the architecture of lamella- planar distribution of the affected corneal nerve. The lamellar separation could be demonstrated by the pooling of fluorescein dye in the cleaved inter lamellar space. Treatment with oral and local Acyclovir established healing.
{"title":"Herpetic keratitis with new characterisations - A unique case series highlighting punched-out ulcer margin with lamellar cleavage","authors":"Parthasarathi Roy, Sarbaraj Nag","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.121","url":null,"abstract":"Although HSV keratitis is one of the leading infectious causes of blindness world-wide, its misdiagnosis is not infrequent in clinical practise. We present here six eyes of five cases, all of which were initially misdiagnosed as bacterial / fungal ulcers. All these ulcers had some characteristics in common like, overt/ impending sloughing ulcer with punched out margin and clear-cut lamella planar separation. To the best of our knowledge these characterisations of HSV keratitis were not discussed earlier in literature. Diagnosis rested on clinical findings and response to antiviral therapy. A possible pathophysiology based on anatomical distribution of corneal nerves was discussed. Placement of this distinct group of ulcers in the classification of infective HSK, between dendritic, geographical, punctate ulcers at one end of the spectrum and neurotrophic ulcers at the other, and named as 'neuropathic ulcers' is hereby suggested.: Apart from dendritic, geographical, punctate ulcers at one end of the spectrum and neurotrophic ulcers at the other, there seemed to be another distinct group of herpetic ulcers in between. This new group was characterised by sloughing of that area of the cornea, which was innervated by the HSV infected corneal nerve. The process of sloughing might be aggressive or slow and seemed to progress in an orderly fashion. The area of cornea supplied by the affected nerve was separated from normal cornea by a punched-out border of demarcation followed by lamellar cleavage (separation) following the architecture of lamella- planar distribution of the affected corneal nerve. The lamellar separation could be demonstrated by the pooling of fluorescein dye in the cleaved inter lamellar space. Treatment with oral and local Acyclovir established healing.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.092
Jamshedi Ali, Gaurav Dubey, Zeba Hayat, Prasenjit Das, Simi Afroz
Mental optometry is a newly recognized word that refers to the interaction of the mind, brain, and sensory perceptions. The pattern established by behavioural optometry's research and assumption linking bodily orientation to the physical field of vision will be followed by the mind's eye, emotions, and actions. All three theories imply the presence of such an idea as a fundamental component of their systems, even if it isn't formally stated. The database was compiled using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), the Cochrane library, Google scholar, and research gate. Mental Optometry provides a neurobiologically informed knowledge of mood, emotion, and thinking. Visual stimulus interpretations, enabling for therapeutic treatments to help patients recognize and rectify skewed judgments. Optometrists have an important role in patients with mental illness. Finally, we must evaluate how enhancing ocular health and visual suppleness may assist our patients improve their overall feeling of well-being.
心理验光是一个新近被认可的词，指的是心灵、大脑和感官知觉的相互作用。行为视光学的研究和假设将身体方位与物理视野联系起来，所建立的模式将被心灵之眼、情感和行动所遵循。所有这三种理论都暗示存在这样一种思想，作为其体系的基本组成部分，即使没有正式说明。该数据库通过 PubMed、PubMed Central (PMC)、Cochrane 图书馆、Google scholar 和 research gate 编辑而成。心理验光提供了有关情绪、情感和思维的神经生物学知识。对视觉刺激进行解释，帮助患者认识和纠正错误的判断，从而进行治疗。验光师在精神病患者中发挥着重要作用。最后，我们必须评估如何通过增强眼部健康和视觉柔韧性来帮助我们的患者改善他们的整体幸福感。
{"title":"Mental optometry: Perceive to see with the mind’s eye","authors":"Jamshedi Ali, Gaurav Dubey, Zeba Hayat, Prasenjit Das, Simi Afroz","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.092","url":null,"abstract":"Mental optometry is a newly recognized word that refers to the interaction of the mind, brain, and sensory perceptions. The pattern established by behavioural optometry's research and assumption linking bodily orientation to the physical field of vision will be followed by the mind's eye, emotions, and actions. All three theories imply the presence of such an idea as a fundamental component of their systems, even if it isn't formally stated. The database was compiled using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), the Cochrane library, Google scholar, and research gate. Mental Optometry provides a neurobiologically informed knowledge of mood, emotion, and thinking. Visual stimulus interpretations, enabling for therapeutic treatments to help patients recognize and rectify skewed judgments. Optometrists have an important role in patients with mental illness. Finally, we must evaluate how enhancing ocular health and visual suppleness may assist our patients improve their overall feeling of well-being.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：