Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181311
Reda Farag Ismail
Parchment is considered one of the important materials in the manufacture of ancient manuscripts, and the use of parchment spread in the 3rd century AD (Reed 1975), and with people getting used to making parchment and using it in manuscripts, the quality, types and forms of parchment increased, as well as its uses, including manuscript covers. Paper replaced parchment with the 14th and 15th century parchment was given a good packaging material in terms of durability and formality, since with the spread of printing in 1550 AD in Europe and the adoption of paper as a basic material for printing, parchment makers tended to use it as a packaging material that can be drawn on and printed as well. The use of parchment in binding in terms of the arrangement of the binding steps did not differ much from leather as a basic binding material in general, but the parchment reinforcement strips technique, in which parchment was used as supporting strips inside the covers called Laced, were thin strips of thickness affixed to the heel of the manuscript and placed these The strips are inside both covers. This technique was used most of the covers in early medieval parchment scrolls.
{"title":"RESTORATION OF RUQYAH COVERS (MANUSCRIPT OF KITAB ALTIBB BY IBN SINA)","authors":"Reda Farag Ismail","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181311","url":null,"abstract":"Parchment is considered one of the important materials in the manufacture of ancient manuscripts, and the use of parchment spread in the 3rd century AD (Reed 1975), and with people getting used to making parchment and using it in manuscripts, the quality, types and forms of parchment increased, as well as its uses, including manuscript covers. Paper replaced parchment with the 14th and 15th century parchment was given a good packaging material in terms of durability and formality, since with the spread of printing in 1550 AD in Europe and the adoption of paper as a basic material for printing, parchment makers tended to use it as a packaging material that can be drawn on and printed as well. The use of parchment in binding in terms of the arrangement of the binding steps did not differ much from leather as a basic binding material in general, but the parchment reinforcement strips technique, in which parchment was used as supporting strips inside the covers called Laced, were thin strips of thickness affixed to the heel of the manuscript and placed these The strips are inside both covers. This technique was used most of the covers in early medieval parchment scrolls.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124691070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181310
Mohammed Hefny MOGHAZY, Nagwa Sayed ABDEL RAHIM, Hamdy Abdel Moniem MOHAMMED, Rasha Taha ABBAS
The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo includes a large and rare collection of glassware, on January 24, 2014 An explosion occurred in the Cairo Security Directorate building, which is opposite the building of the Museum of Islamic Art, which damaged many of these The complaints displayed in the museum, some of them were completely destroyed, some were broken, while some survived The accident is intact. The different damage status of the presented glass complaints is due to the participation of another human damage factor being a disadvantage The museum display, as the glass niches that were most affected by the accident are displayed with a cupboard above it A large metal oven fell due to the explosion above the complaints. The intact glass complaints that survived the explosion as well as the partially damaged complaints were not In a safe position after the explosion, it had to be transported to a safe place, packed, and then transported to a safe place The museum storehouse and the affected person was transferred to the restoration laboratory, and the explosion also resulted in mixing the ancient glass fragments with others From the non-antique glass fragments due to the glass of the Fattarin, as well as the glass windows of the museum. Due to the importance and rarity of the damaged glass complaints, many of these complaints deserve study, as they aim The research is to study the rescue and restoration of one of the glass complaints damaged by the explosion by a stage Sorting and classification, the research also deals with studying the composition of the material effect, the method of manufacture and decoration. The work stages are represented in the stage of salvaging the glass niche partially damaged by the accident by transferring it to A safe place, as well as the stage of recovering the ancient glass fragments, separating them from other non-antique fragments, and then classifying them, And after that, the restoration stages [recording and documentation, examinations and analyses], the digital microscope USB Digital Microscope, the scanning electron microscope equipped with the X-ray scattering unit SEM, EDX Fluorescence X-ray XRF (cleaning phase Collecting phase Completion phase) The study results in identifying the stages of salvation and restoration of the glass niche in question, as well as the identification of Impact case.
{"title":"AN APPLIED STUDY FOR THE RESTORATION OF A GLASS LANTERN DAMAGED BY THE EXPLOSION AT THE MUSEUM OF ISLAMIC ART IN CAIRO","authors":"Mohammed Hefny MOGHAZY, Nagwa Sayed ABDEL RAHIM, Hamdy Abdel Moniem MOHAMMED, Rasha Taha ABBAS","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181310","url":null,"abstract":"The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo includes a large and rare collection of glassware, on January 24, 2014 An explosion occurred in the Cairo Security Directorate building, which is opposite the building of the Museum of Islamic Art, which damaged many of these The complaints displayed in the museum, some of them were completely destroyed, some were broken, while some survived The accident is intact. The different damage status of the presented glass complaints is due to the participation of another human damage factor being a disadvantage The museum display, as the glass niches that were most affected by the accident are displayed with a cupboard above it A large metal oven fell due to the explosion above the complaints. The intact glass complaints that survived the explosion as well as the partially damaged complaints were not In a safe position after the explosion, it had to be transported to a safe place, packed, and then transported to a safe place The museum storehouse and the affected person was transferred to the restoration laboratory, and the explosion also resulted in mixing the ancient glass fragments with others From the non-antique glass fragments due to the glass of the Fattarin, as well as the glass windows of the museum. Due to the importance and rarity of the damaged glass complaints, many of these complaints deserve study, as they aim The research is to study the rescue and restoration of one of the glass complaints damaged by the explosion by a stage Sorting and classification, the research also deals with studying the composition of the material effect, the method of manufacture and decoration. The work stages are represented in the stage of salvaging the glass niche partially damaged by the accident by transferring it to A safe place, as well as the stage of recovering the ancient glass fragments, separating them from other non-antique fragments, and then classifying them, And after that, the restoration stages [recording and documentation, examinations and analyses], the digital microscope USB Digital Microscope, the scanning electron microscope equipped with the X-ray scattering unit SEM, EDX Fluorescence X-ray XRF (cleaning phase Collecting phase Completion phase) The study results in identifying the stages of salvation and restoration of the glass niche in question, as well as the identification of Impact case.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133005318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181049
Ali Mohamed Ali SABRA
{"title":"A TECHNICAL STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE SUBJECTS OF THE DISCOVERED ROCK DRAWINGS AND METHODS OF PRESERVATION IN ALIA NAJD AREA IN SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"Ali Mohamed Ali SABRA","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123255410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181315
Loka EL-DARIER, Lubna EL-DARIER, Lubna EL-DARIER, S. Hassan, Dalia AL-ABASSY
The research aims to study, document and record heritage buildings. It is considered a step to preserve the heritage environments for their durability by introducing a 3D interactive models that include all data and details of the building. This can be achieved by using computer software to produce the virtual heritage to present the architectural heritage with the lowest possible costs, in addition to the following goals: Documentation the historical building as an initial step in the process of preserving the building and its durability. Moreover, Developing the search base and the historical analysis of the building. The research studies the modern methods of architectural documentation of the historical sites in Alexandria; (Citadel of Qaitbay) as a case study, which uses modern, simple and low-cost techniques. The documentation process exceeds preservation to provide all the building’s online information to serve researchers, architects and visitors.
该研究旨在研究、记录和记录遗产建筑。通过引入3D互动模型，包括建筑的所有数据和细节，这被认为是保护遗产环境耐久性的一步。这可以通过使用计算机软件制作虚拟遗产来实现，以尽可能低的成本呈现建筑遗产，此外还有以下目标:记录历史建筑，作为保护建筑及其耐久性过程的第一步。此外，还开发了该建筑的检索库和历史分析。研究了亚历山大港历史遗迹建筑文献的现代方法;(Citadel of Qaitbay)作为案例研究，它使用了现代、简单和低成本的技术。记录过程超越了保存，为研究人员、建筑师和游客提供了所有建筑的在线信息。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE (DOCUMENTATION AND PRESERVATION) – CASE STUDY: CITADEL OF QAITBAY","authors":"Loka EL-DARIER, Lubna EL-DARIER, Lubna EL-DARIER, S. Hassan, Dalia AL-ABASSY","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181315","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to study, document and record heritage buildings. It is considered a step to preserve the heritage environments for their durability by introducing a 3D interactive models that include all data and details of the building. This can be achieved by using computer software to produce the virtual heritage to present the architectural heritage with the lowest possible costs, in addition to the following goals: Documentation the historical building as an initial step in the process of preserving the building and its durability. Moreover, Developing the search base and the historical analysis of the building. The research studies the modern methods of architectural documentation of the historical sites in Alexandria; (Citadel of Qaitbay) as a case study, which uses modern, simple and low-cost techniques. The documentation process exceeds preservation to provide all the building’s online information to serve researchers, architects and visitors.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114288446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230797
Ahmed Mashhot Ahmed
The theme of this study focuses the scenes of the Greco-Roman Periods and examines many connotations associated with the extermination of manifestations of chaos and the elimination symbols of evil that were emerged mainly in ancient Egyptian beliefs and continued with some other developments appeared in the ideological approach and religious context and content during the Greco-Roman Periods. There is no doubt that there is a need to eliminate manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil, because they disrupt the cosmic cycle that the Creator God had approved since the beginning of the creation of the Universe known as sp-tpy . For example, the Apophis snake was a symbol of evil and manifestation of chaos known as Isft ; it also was a connotation of non-existence and nothingness or the so-called Iwtt , as well as there are some other manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil that represented in other entities and creatures, such as turtles, crocodiles, and hippos. If the rituals necessary to restrain and eliminate them are not performed, it may be a break for the episodes of the time cycle episodes approved in the universe; it may also put an end to the organized cosmic manifestations or the so-called MAat . This may also be a return to the manifestations of cosmic chaos represented in the connotations of non-existence and symbols of evil and nothingness. Thus, the ancient Egyptian was keen and able to perform rituals in order to fight these anarchists' entities. Religious beliefs in ancient Egypt and during the Greco-Roman Periods were based on the relative balance between manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil. Consequently, there must have been a cosmic presence and balance between good, evil, order, chaos, virtue, and vice as two sides of the same coin, so that there is also antagonism and equilibrium until one of them eventually wins over the other. Therefore, the ancient Egyptians worked hard to achieve justice over injustice and order over chaos in order to protect his existence, his mundane life and his world from dangers that might hinder the balance of the cosmos. There is a role for the gods as well as for human beings in establishing order and triumphing good furthermore eliminating all that is chaotic and evil. Thus, there is a need for several rituals to fight these manifestations of chaos and resist the symbols of evil. Roles may vary; there are roles for the gods as well as for kings, priests, and individuals, where the hymns and spells were necessary to help them destroy these anarchist entities and eliminate the manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil that could be evident through the sources of the Greco-Roman Periods.
{"title":"Some Remarks on the Significances of Elimination the Manifestations of Chaos and Symbols of Evil in the Scenes of the Greek and Roman Periods","authors":"Ahmed Mashhot Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230797","url":null,"abstract":"The theme of this study focuses the scenes of the Greco-Roman Periods and examines many connotations associated with the extermination of manifestations of chaos and the elimination symbols of evil that were emerged mainly in ancient Egyptian beliefs and continued with some other developments appeared in the ideological approach and religious context and content during the Greco-Roman Periods. There is no doubt that there is a need to eliminate manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil, because they disrupt the cosmic cycle that the Creator God had approved since the beginning of the creation of the Universe known as sp-tpy . For example, the Apophis snake was a symbol of evil and manifestation of chaos known as Isft ; it also was a connotation of non-existence and nothingness or the so-called Iwtt , as well as there are some other manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil that represented in other entities and creatures, such as turtles, crocodiles, and hippos. If the rituals necessary to restrain and eliminate them are not performed, it may be a break for the episodes of the time cycle episodes approved in the universe; it may also put an end to the organized cosmic manifestations or the so-called MAat . This may also be a return to the manifestations of cosmic chaos represented in the connotations of non-existence and symbols of evil and nothingness. Thus, the ancient Egyptian was keen and able to perform rituals in order to fight these anarchists' entities. Religious beliefs in ancient Egypt and during the Greco-Roman Periods were based on the relative balance between manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil. Consequently, there must have been a cosmic presence and balance between good, evil, order, chaos, virtue, and vice as two sides of the same coin, so that there is also antagonism and equilibrium until one of them eventually wins over the other. Therefore, the ancient Egyptians worked hard to achieve justice over injustice and order over chaos in order to protect his existence, his mundane life and his world from dangers that might hinder the balance of the cosmos. There is a role for the gods as well as for human beings in establishing order and triumphing good furthermore eliminating all that is chaotic and evil. Thus, there is a need for several rituals to fight these manifestations of chaos and resist the symbols of evil. Roles may vary; there are roles for the gods as well as for kings, priests, and individuals, where the hymns and spells were necessary to help them destroy these anarchist entities and eliminate the manifestations of chaos and symbols of evil that could be evident through the sources of the Greco-Roman Periods.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132009499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230802
Samira Samir Mohamed ABDEL KHALEQ, A. Waziry
The research dealt with one of the themes related to ancient Egyptian beliefs, which is the nature of taboos, the concept of obligation and manifestations of religious exigency and obligation in ancient Egypt. The subject of the research can be addressed through the implied aspects of the essence and concept of taboos in general, and the vocabulary and linguistic synonyms associated with taboos in the ancient Egyptian language. As well as the concept and moral significance of taboos from a religious and social perspective in ancient Egyptian doctrines, as well as the concept of Bwt and its political significance, and how and causes of taboos and manifestations of taboos from the ancient Egyptian political perspective, in addition to the symbolic connotation and religious significance of the existence of taboos in ancient Egypt, what is the moral responsibility and who is responsible for defining those taboos and the process of imposing them, as well as the classes of ancient Egyptian society that imposed taboos on them. This clearly indicates the concept of obligation and the essence, connotations and manifestations of exigency and obligation in ancient Egyptian thought and beliefs. In view of the breadth of aspects of the research theme, where it was evident in ancient Egypt that there are many connotations expressing the nature, essence and concept of taboos in ancient Egypt, according to the general framework of ancient Egyptian beliefs. The study preferred the application of the research idea to the most important of those connotations and concepts related to the subject of the study to clarify the significance and religious symbolism inherent in the ancient Egyptian beliefs. The study aims to reveal the significance, connotations and ambiguous secrets that pertain to the ancient Egyptian civilization from the prospective of its religious beliefs and deities, which the ancient Egyptians with all classes and categories were keen to please and gain the consent by doing preferred practices and best procedures, as well as keeping away from hateful things. These actions and practices stemmed from the strength of faith and religious piety stemming from the ancient Egyptians, as well as the belief in resurrection and immortality, where they will live another life after death and after trial and judgment in the other world in order to obtain reward or punishment, where this had the greatest impact on the exigency and obligation of ancient Egyptians to virtue, good morals and to stay away from immorality. Hence the reason for choosing the research theme that aims to know the taboos imposed by deities, religion, society, and inherited customs and traditions, where it has been forbidden to do these taboos because of the resulting destruction, devastation and chaos that would bring destruction and eternal annihilation; it is believed that after the last judgment, all unsaved beings and all of the damned will be totally destroyed so as to not exist and su
{"title":"THE CONCEPT OF TABOOS AND THE CONNOTATIONS OF EXIGENCY AND OBLIGATION IN ANCIENTEGYPTIAN BELIEFS","authors":"Samira Samir Mohamed ABDEL KHALEQ, A. Waziry","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230802","url":null,"abstract":"The research dealt with one of the themes related to ancient Egyptian beliefs, which is the nature of taboos, the concept of obligation and manifestations of religious exigency and obligation in ancient Egypt. The subject of the research can be addressed through the implied aspects of the essence and concept of taboos in general, and the vocabulary and linguistic synonyms associated with taboos in the ancient Egyptian language. As well as the concept and moral significance of taboos from a religious and social perspective in ancient Egyptian doctrines, as well as the concept of Bwt and its political significance, and how and causes of taboos and manifestations of taboos from the ancient Egyptian political perspective, in addition to the symbolic connotation and religious significance of the existence of taboos in ancient Egypt, what is the moral responsibility and who is responsible for defining those taboos and the process of imposing them, as well as the classes of ancient Egyptian society that imposed taboos on them. This clearly indicates the concept of obligation and the essence, connotations and manifestations of exigency and obligation in ancient Egyptian thought and beliefs. In view of the breadth of aspects of the research theme, where it was evident in ancient Egypt that there are many connotations expressing the nature, essence and concept of taboos in ancient Egypt, according to the general framework of ancient Egyptian beliefs. The study preferred the application of the research idea to the most important of those connotations and concepts related to the subject of the study to clarify the significance and religious symbolism inherent in the ancient Egyptian beliefs. The study aims to reveal the significance, connotations and ambiguous secrets that pertain to the ancient Egyptian civilization from the prospective of its religious beliefs and deities, which the ancient Egyptians with all classes and categories were keen to please and gain the consent by doing preferred practices and best procedures, as well as keeping away from hateful things. These actions and practices stemmed from the strength of faith and religious piety stemming from the ancient Egyptians, as well as the belief in resurrection and immortality, where they will live another life after death and after trial and judgment in the other world in order to obtain reward or punishment, where this had the greatest impact on the exigency and obligation of ancient Egyptians to virtue, good morals and to stay away from immorality. Hence the reason for choosing the research theme that aims to know the taboos imposed by deities, religion, society, and inherited customs and traditions, where it has been forbidden to do these taboos because of the resulting destruction, devastation and chaos that would bring destruction and eternal annihilation; it is believed that after the last judgment, all unsaved beings and all of the damned will be totally destroyed so as to not exist and su","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114236335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.236556
Mohamed Galal Mahmoud
: The theme of this research aims to discuss a new vision for the rock Art that have puzzled archaeologists and spread in the mountains of Wadi Fatima and its various branches in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study dealt with seven sites of rock Art in the vicinity of the city of Jeddah, four of which were published in Atlal Magazine No. 11, where they are represented respectively in the first site; “Jabal Al-Qasab” on the highway of Jeddah-Taif, about 60 km southeast of Jeddah, the second site; “Bremen” located in the north-east of Jeddah, the third site; “Abhr” located northwest of Jeddah, which is destroyed, and the fourth site; "Umm Hablain" located north-east of Jeddah. It is worth mentioning that the study will be re-analyzed the sceneries and inscriptions to have new analyzes for some mysterious scenes that were not discussed in the study published in Atlal Magazine No. 11, such as the strange "Umm Hablain site" scene, where the study will be interpreted as one of the jumping rituals on the animal of Eland. Spread in Africa, especially in Namibia, which has many ritual indications referred to in the text of the study, this in addition to the translation of the surrounding Thamudic inscriptions, which have not been translated and investigated before. As for the other three unpublished sites, they are represented respectively in the Fifth site known as the inscriptions of Wadi Hura, located to the north-east of Al-Jumum. The Sixth site known as the rock drawings in the Khuzam Palace Historical Museum, which were found in a place near Salman Bay located in the north of Jeddah, on one of the rocky hills in the Abhr area. The seventh site represented in the rock inscriptions and drawings in Wadi Ghamra Ze Kinda, one of the tributaries of Nakhlat EL-Shamiya, Wadi Al-Zarqa and Wadi Al-Murir, which is one of the most important valleys of Wadi Fatima in Jeddah. These sites contained inscriptions of humans, animals, and birds, as well as inscriptions of signstribes, Thamudic inscriptions and some other stone finds; they were dated from the Upper Paleolithic period at least until the Neolithic Age, with the presence of overlapping inscriptions and finds from later historical periods such as the Iron Age period. This in addition to the pre-Islamic era in the period between the fourth to the first centuries BC, where the common feature between these sites other than the diversity of their topics is the technique used in the implementation of inscriptions or rock drawings, and these inscriptions carried different connotations, where the study will be addressed in particular analysis determining the identity of some mysterious animals appeared in the inscriptions and the significance of their association with the religious rituals of the Prehistoric Humans in Jeddah.
{"title":"The Paintings and Rock Inscriptions in Jeddah of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia \"An Analytic study\"","authors":"Mohamed Galal Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.236556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.236556","url":null,"abstract":": The theme of this research aims to discuss a new vision for the rock Art that have puzzled archaeologists and spread in the mountains of Wadi Fatima and its various branches in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study dealt with seven sites of rock Art in the vicinity of the city of Jeddah, four of which were published in Atlal Magazine No. 11, where they are represented respectively in the first site; “Jabal Al-Qasab” on the highway of Jeddah-Taif, about 60 km southeast of Jeddah, the second site; “Bremen” located in the north-east of Jeddah, the third site; “Abhr” located northwest of Jeddah, which is destroyed, and the fourth site; \"Umm Hablain\" located north-east of Jeddah. It is worth mentioning that the study will be re-analyzed the sceneries and inscriptions to have new analyzes for some mysterious scenes that were not discussed in the study published in Atlal Magazine No. 11, such as the strange \"Umm Hablain site\" scene, where the study will be interpreted as one of the jumping rituals on the animal of Eland. Spread in Africa, especially in Namibia, which has many ritual indications referred to in the text of the study, this in addition to the translation of the surrounding Thamudic inscriptions, which have not been translated and investigated before. As for the other three unpublished sites, they are represented respectively in the Fifth site known as the inscriptions of Wadi Hura, located to the north-east of Al-Jumum. The Sixth site known as the rock drawings in the Khuzam Palace Historical Museum, which were found in a place near Salman Bay located in the north of Jeddah, on one of the rocky hills in the Abhr area. The seventh site represented in the rock inscriptions and drawings in Wadi Ghamra Ze Kinda, one of the tributaries of Nakhlat EL-Shamiya, Wadi Al-Zarqa and Wadi Al-Murir, which is one of the most important valleys of Wadi Fatima in Jeddah. These sites contained inscriptions of humans, animals, and birds, as well as inscriptions of signstribes, Thamudic inscriptions and some other stone finds; they were dated from the Upper Paleolithic period at least until the Neolithic Age, with the presence of overlapping inscriptions and finds from later historical periods such as the Iron Age period. This in addition to the pre-Islamic era in the period between the fourth to the first centuries BC, where the common feature between these sites other than the diversity of their topics is the technique used in the implementation of inscriptions or rock drawings, and these inscriptions carried different connotations, where the study will be addressed in particular analysis determining the identity of some mysterious animals appeared in the inscriptions and the significance of their association with the religious rituals of the Prehistoric Humans in Jeddah.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230424
Eman Mohamed Nabil
Wooden carts are unique artifacts in terms of manufacturing technique and raw materials. The present paper explores the development of manufacturing wooden Chariots throughout history and the attempts before manufacturing wooden carts in Egypt and the ancient world. Later, the art of making wooden wheels appeared and developed from circle wheels cut directly from the stems of trees, solid wheels, then toroidal wheels. After that, wheels were assembled from more than one wooden piece using wooden interleaves and leather belts. The paper also studies the techniques of manufacturing the cart's structure, components, and assembly methods. It explores the most important interleaves, the role of leather in the assembly of the components, the development of design throughout history to fulfill their purposes while maintaining the essential components, known as craft inheritance, decoration methods and styles, as well as using materials to enrich the Chariots, especially those of the kings and the elite. Furthermore, it studies the proportions of wooden carts' parts, materials used in decoration, different assembly methods, and developing the cabin to provide comfort according to the carts' role in political or social life.
{"title":"The Development of the Wooden Chariots Industry in Egypt throughout History","authors":"Eman Mohamed Nabil","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230424","url":null,"abstract":"Wooden carts are unique artifacts in terms of manufacturing technique and raw materials. The present paper explores the development of manufacturing wooden Chariots throughout history and the attempts before manufacturing wooden carts in Egypt and the ancient world. Later, the art of making wooden wheels appeared and developed from circle wheels cut directly from the stems of trees, solid wheels, then toroidal wheels. After that, wheels were assembled from more than one wooden piece using wooden interleaves and leather belts. The paper also studies the techniques of manufacturing the cart's structure, components, and assembly methods. It explores the most important interleaves, the role of leather in the assembly of the components, the development of design throughout history to fulfill their purposes while maintaining the essential components, known as craft inheritance, decoration methods and styles, as well as using materials to enrich the Chariots, especially those of the kings and the elite. Furthermore, it studies the proportions of wooden carts' parts, materials used in decoration, different assembly methods, and developing the cabin to provide comfort according to the carts' role in political or social life.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"13 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124685424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230630
Fatma Ali Abbas Mohamed, Ayman Wazery, Ezat Zaki Hamed
The serpent amazed the ancients with its strange qualities; it was sanctified in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Mesopotamia and other countries. It was also associated with many Greek and Roman deities, for example Asclepius the god of medicine and his daughter Hygea the personification of healing and her Roman counterpart Salus, as well as the god Hermes, the messenger of the gods. The serpent was expressing the guardian spirit in the Greek religion and also the Roman, and there were known sorts of serpents in Greece that were protecting houses, so the Greeks opened their houses to host the serpents which considered the good or guardian spirits and called Agathodaimon, and the Agathodemon was mentioned for the first Once with Alexandria, where he was linked to the construction of the city and considered the guardian spirit of the city of Alexandria, also serpents associated with many Egyptian deities such as the goddess Wajit and others, some of them represent the good and others represent the evil.
{"title":"The Serpent on the Roman coins – an Analytical and Comparative study to its equivalents in ancient Egypt","authors":"Fatma Ali Abbas Mohamed, Ayman Wazery, Ezat Zaki Hamed","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230630","url":null,"abstract":"The serpent amazed the ancients with its strange qualities; it was sanctified in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Mesopotamia and other countries. It was also associated with many Greek and Roman deities, for example Asclepius the god of medicine and his daughter Hygea the personification of healing and her Roman counterpart Salus, as well as the god Hermes, the messenger of the gods. The serpent was expressing the guardian spirit in the Greek religion and also the Roman, and there were known sorts of serpents in Greece that were protecting houses, so the Greeks opened their houses to host the serpents which considered the good or guardian spirits and called Agathodaimon, and the Agathodemon was mentioned for the first Once with Alexandria, where he was linked to the construction of the city and considered the guardian spirit of the city of Alexandria, also serpents associated with many Egyptian deities such as the goddess Wajit and others, some of them represent the good and others represent the evil.","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230629
Abeer fathy Mahmoud, Ayman Wazery, Salwa A. Kamel
The funerary Stelae made of wood or stone with different shapes, some of them have a rectangular shape and others has an arched top or pyramidal shape, sometimes it appears in shape of false doors, texts are usually engraved on the face of Stelae, that often represent a complete name and titles of the deceased, accompanied by a depiction of him worshiping and making offerings to the deities depicted in front of him, while the back of the Stelae left rough. The research deals with study of two stone Funerary Stelae during the late period, that were not published and studied before, they preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum, That research deals with the name of the owner of the Stelae, place which preserved in, dating, material which is made in, its dimensions and condition, then describing the pieces,
{"title":"Study and Publishing two Funerary Stelae during The Late Period","authors":"Abeer fathy Mahmoud, Ayman Wazery, Salwa A. Kamel","doi":"10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2022.230629","url":null,"abstract":"The funerary Stelae made of wood or stone with different shapes, some of them have a rectangular shape and others has an arched top or pyramidal shape, sometimes it appears in shape of false doors, texts are usually engraved on the face of Stelae, that often represent a complete name and titles of the deceased, accompanied by a depiction of him worshiping and making offerings to the deities depicted in front of him, while the back of the Stelae left rough. The research deals with study of two stone Funerary Stelae during the late period, that were not published and studied before, they preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum, That research deals with the name of the owner of the Stelae, place which preserved in, dating, material which is made in, its dimensions and condition, then describing the pieces,","PeriodicalId":134942,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124208684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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