Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3476913
Feng Wang;Jianzhong Xu;Gen Li
Compared to grid-following STATCOM, grid-forming STATCOM possesses voltage-mode characteristics, enhancing its stability and proactive voltage support capability in weak grid conditions. Configuring STATCOM with energy storage enables it to provide inertia support and assist in primary frequency regulation as well. In this paper, the structure and overall grid-forming control of a cascaded H-bridge STATCOM configured with supercapacitors are presented. But it's prone to engendering overcurrent during the grid faults. To overcome this critical issue, this paper proposes a variable virtual impedance current limiting strategy that can maintain the voltage-mode characteristics of energy storage STATCOM (ES-STATCOM). Besides, the voltage magnitude control is blocked to avoid the influence of the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient. Based on that, the ratio of virtual reactance to resistance in the steady state is preferred through the analysis of current control bandwidth and reactive power step response. To reduce the power coupling and facilitate the dynamic response, the transient switch of the virtual impedance ratio is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are validated through simulations.
{"title":"A Variable Virtual Impedance Current Limitation Strategy of Grid-Forming Energy Storage-STATCOM","authors":"Feng Wang;Jianzhong Xu;Gen Li","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3476913","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3476913","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to grid-following STATCOM, grid-forming STATCOM possesses voltage-mode characteristics, enhancing its stability and proactive voltage support capability in weak grid conditions. Configuring STATCOM with energy storage enables it to provide inertia support and assist in primary frequency regulation as well. In this paper, the structure and overall grid-forming control of a cascaded H-bridge STATCOM configured with supercapacitors are presented. But it's prone to engendering overcurrent during the grid faults. To overcome this critical issue, this paper proposes a variable virtual impedance current limiting strategy that can maintain the voltage-mode characteristics of energy storage STATCOM (ES-STATCOM). Besides, the voltage magnitude control is blocked to avoid the influence of the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient. Based on that, the ratio of virtual reactance to resistance in the steady state is preferred through the analysis of current control bandwidth and reactive power step response. To reduce the power coupling and facilitate the dynamic response, the transient switch of the virtual impedance ratio is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are validated through simulations.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3450-3461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3476229
Ignacio Ñancupil-Quirilao, Rigoberto Torres-Ávila, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Ricardo Álvarez-Malebrán, Danny Espín-Sarzosa, Marcelo Cortés, Frank Leanez, Angela Flores-Quiroz, Jerson Reyes, Eduardo Esperguel, Miguel Flores-Romero, Roger Mellado-Zapata
{"title":"Identification and Design of Special Protection Schemes for the Energy Transition","authors":"Ignacio Ñancupil-Quirilao, Rigoberto Torres-Ávila, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Ricardo Álvarez-Malebrán, Danny Espín-Sarzosa, Marcelo Cortés, Frank Leanez, Angela Flores-Quiroz, Jerson Reyes, Eduardo Esperguel, Miguel Flores-Romero, Roger Mellado-Zapata","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3476229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3476229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474013
Cheonkyu Park;Juseok Lee;Chongeun Cho;Do-In Kim
Due to the aging of the power systems, it is one of the important issues to identify the remaining useful life (RUL) of the power facilities including the environmental effects for the reliable power system operation. However, it is hard to identify the effects of spatially distributed environmental effects on each individual facility and manage the individual history of millions of distribution facilities. As a practical solution, we propose a spatiotemporal analysis to derive the comprehensive effects of the lightning strike that is one of the environmental effects on the RUL of the distribution transformers, and provides the guideline for the lightning protection through the decision of lightning-prone areas. We acquired the data related to the distribution transformer failures and the lightning strikes in South Korea, and a spatiotemporally weighted regression analysis is applied to the data for deriving the spatially cumulative effects of a lightning, which is hard to be identified through each field post-analysis. In addition, we propose a method for validating the regression model through the model evaluation using the categorized transformer failures by field post-analysis. All the proposed processes are performed through the real-world data analysis, and practical results are presented for the reinforcement of lightning protection within the Korean power system.
{"title":"Analyzing the Effects of Lightning Strike on Distribution Transformer Failure via Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression","authors":"Cheonkyu Park;Juseok Lee;Chongeun Cho;Do-In Kim","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474013","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474013","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the aging of the power systems, it is one of the important issues to identify the remaining useful life (RUL) of the power facilities including the environmental effects for the reliable power system operation. However, it is hard to identify the effects of spatially distributed environmental effects on each individual facility and manage the individual history of millions of distribution facilities. As a practical solution, we propose a spatiotemporal analysis to derive the comprehensive effects of the lightning strike that is one of the environmental effects on the RUL of the distribution transformers, and provides the guideline for the lightning protection through the decision of lightning-prone areas. We acquired the data related to the distribution transformer failures and the lightning strikes in South Korea, and a spatiotemporally weighted regression analysis is applied to the data for deriving the spatially cumulative effects of a lightning, which is hard to be identified through each field post-analysis. In addition, we propose a method for validating the regression model through the model evaluation using the categorized transformer failures by field post-analysis. All the proposed processes are performed through the real-world data analysis, and practical results are presented for the reinforcement of lightning protection within the Korean power system.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3430-3440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474420
Anatoli Saveliev;Shigeyuki Tsukao;Peter Schmitten;Harald Hochmuth;Marc Foata;Masaaki Nakahata;Syuichi Tamura
The On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC), as the sole moving component within a transformer, necessitates routine maintenance to ensure dependable operation. Among the primary maintenance challenges is contact wear in oil-breaking type tap changers, typically assessed through labour-intensive and invasive inspections that require the transformer to be de-energized and the OLTC's active part to be disassembled. Vibro-acoustic measurement (VAM) is a non-invasive method that has been used successfully by several investigators to produce high quality fingerprints of the OLTC operation on energized transformers in a high-voltage substation environment. VAM has proven effective in identifying mechanical faults or degradation, historically relying on visual assessments that demand expert interpretation and are somewhat subjective. To fully leverage the diagnostic capabilities of Vibro-acoustic Measurement (VAM), the development of intelligent algorithms is essential for its practical application in the field. Recent research efforts, including those detailed in this paper, have primarily focused on advancing this aspect of the technique. Most important task for maintenance decisions is the quantitative determination of the contact wear and of the timing sequence of electrical contacts. Using laboratory measurements on a diverter type OLTC, in which different levels of contact wear were simulated in different combinations, a data space for the training of a model and its validation was created. It was shown that the accuracy of the model for the prediction of contact wear is well within the tolerance of OEM specifications for condition-based maintenance decisions without the need for costly outages and internal inspections. Additionally, this study presents a temperature compensation scheme integrated into the linear model, further improving the reliability of the diagnostic.
{"title":"Detection of On-Load Tap-Changer Contact Wear Using Vibroacoustic Measurements","authors":"Anatoli Saveliev;Shigeyuki Tsukao;Peter Schmitten;Harald Hochmuth;Marc Foata;Masaaki Nakahata;Syuichi Tamura","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474420","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3474420","url":null,"abstract":"The On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC), as the sole moving component within a transformer, necessitates routine maintenance to ensure dependable operation. Among the primary maintenance challenges is contact wear in oil-breaking type tap changers, typically assessed through labour-intensive and invasive inspections that require the transformer to be de-energized and the OLTC's active part to be disassembled. Vibro-acoustic measurement (VAM) is a non-invasive method that has been used successfully by several investigators to produce high quality fingerprints of the OLTC operation on energized transformers in a high-voltage substation environment. VAM has proven effective in identifying mechanical faults or degradation, historically relying on visual assessments that demand expert interpretation and are somewhat subjective. To fully leverage the diagnostic capabilities of Vibro-acoustic Measurement (VAM), the development of intelligent algorithms is essential for its practical application in the field. Recent research efforts, including those detailed in this paper, have primarily focused on advancing this aspect of the technique. Most important task for maintenance decisions is the quantitative determination of the contact wear and of the timing sequence of electrical contacts. Using laboratory measurements on a diverter type OLTC, in which different levels of contact wear were simulated in different combinations, a data space for the training of a model and its validation was created. It was shown that the accuracy of the model for the prediction of contact wear is well within the tolerance of OEM specifications for condition-based maintenance decisions without the need for costly outages and internal inspections. Additionally, this study presents a temperature compensation scheme integrated into the linear model, further improving the reliability of the diagnostic.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3441-3449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line fault location scheme based on the fitting coefficients of the line-model component of fault voltage (LMCFV) wavefront is proposed to address the problem of reduced accuracy in existing DC line fault location methods due to fault resistance. Firstly, the propagation characteristics of the LMCFV on the DC line are analyzed, and it is found that the LMCFV is mainly affected by the value of the fault resistance at the fault point and the dispersion during the DC line propagation. Therefore, a logistic function is used to fit the wavefront of the LMCFV, and a power function is constructed based on the mapping relationship between the fitting coefficients and the fault location. Finally, the fault position of the DC line is located by using the fitting coefficients of the LMCFV wavefront. The proposed method is implemented in a hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system, and simulation results demonstrate that the fault location method is immune to the effects of fault resistance and does not require accurate wave speed. The proposed method exhibits high accuracy in fault location.
{"title":"A Novel Fault Location Method for HVDC Transmission Lines Based on the Wavefront Characteristics of Line-Model Component of Fault Voltage","authors":"Dalin Mu;Sheng Lin;Xiaopeng Li;Zhengyou He;Xinzhou Dong","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3471780","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3471780","url":null,"abstract":"A high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line fault location scheme based on the fitting coefficients of the line-model component of fault voltage (LMCFV) wavefront is proposed to address the problem of reduced accuracy in existing DC line fault location methods due to fault resistance. Firstly, the propagation characteristics of the LMCFV on the DC line are analyzed, and it is found that the LMCFV is mainly affected by the value of the fault resistance at the fault point and the dispersion during the DC line propagation. Therefore, a logistic function is used to fit the wavefront of the LMCFV, and a power function is constructed based on the mapping relationship between the fitting coefficients and the fault location. Finally, the fault position of the DC line is located by using the fitting coefficients of the LMCFV wavefront. The proposed method is implemented in a hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system, and simulation results demonstrate that the fault location method is immune to the effects of fault resistance and does not require accurate wave speed. The proposed method exhibits high accuracy in fault location.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3407-3418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3471794
Huantong Shi;Wei Sun;Haibo Su;Peizhou Zhang;Yizhu Wang;Xiaolong Huang;Shenli Jia;Yong Wang;Xingwen Li
The X-ray generated by vacuum interrupters (VIs) has received increasing attention as VIs develop towards higher voltage level. In this paper, a model is proposed to simulate the X-ray generation and transport in VIs based on measured voltage and current, which considers the electron field emission and acceleration, the bremsstrahlung, and the interaction between X-ray and material, enabling the calculation of X-ray dose and spectrum. Experimental measurements were then conducted on 126 kV and 252 kV VIs during power frequency voltage tests to verify the model, including the longitudinal and angular dose distribution, and the X-ray dose and spectrum using a custom-designed absorption spectrometer. For both VIs, the calculated X-ray spectrum shows more than 93% similarity compared to the measurement, and the calculated dose value shows about 35% negative deviation. By considering charge accumulation on the shield, which notably alertes the electron trajectories, the dose deviation was reduced to below 30%. This study aims to provide a foundation for further in-depth investigation of X-ray characteristics and effects in high-voltage vacuum interrupters.
随着真空灭弧室（VI）向更高电压水平发展，其产生的 X 射线越来越受到关注。本文提出了一个基于测量电压和电流的模型来模拟真空灭弧室中 X 射线的产生和传输，该模型考虑了电子场发射和加速、轫致辐射以及 X 射线与材料之间的相互作用，从而能够计算 X 射线剂量和频谱。然后，在工频电压试验期间对 126 千伏和 252 千伏 VI 进行了实验测量，以验证模型，包括纵向和角度剂量分布，以及使用定制设计的吸收光谱仪计算的 X 射线剂量和光谱。对于这两种 VI，计算出的 X 射线频谱与测量结果的相似度超过 93%，计算出的剂量值出现了约 35% 的负偏差。考虑到屏蔽上的电荷积累会对电子轨迹产生明显的警示作用，剂量偏差降低到了 30% 以下。这项研究旨在为进一步深入研究高压真空灭弧室的 X 射线特性和效应奠定基础。
{"title":"Modeling of X-ray Radiation of High-Voltage Vacuum Interrupters and Experimental Verification","authors":"Huantong Shi;Wei Sun;Haibo Su;Peizhou Zhang;Yizhu Wang;Xiaolong Huang;Shenli Jia;Yong Wang;Xingwen Li","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3471794","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3471794","url":null,"abstract":"The X-ray generated by vacuum interrupters (VIs) has received increasing attention as VIs develop towards higher voltage level. In this paper, a model is proposed to simulate the X-ray generation and transport in VIs based on measured voltage and current, which considers the electron field emission and acceleration, the bremsstrahlung, and the interaction between X-ray and material, enabling the calculation of X-ray dose and spectrum. Experimental measurements were then conducted on 126 kV and 252 kV VIs during power frequency voltage tests to verify the model, including the longitudinal and angular dose distribution, and the X-ray dose and spectrum using a custom-designed absorption spectrometer. For both VIs, the calculated X-ray spectrum shows more than 93% similarity compared to the measurement, and the calculated dose value shows about 35% negative deviation. By considering charge accumulation on the shield, which notably alertes the electron trajectories, the dose deviation was reduced to below 30%. This study aims to provide a foundation for further in-depth investigation of X-ray characteristics and effects in high-voltage vacuum interrupters.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3419-3429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3469275
Lin Liu;Yutai Li;Xingliang Jiang;Zhijin Zhang;Jianlin Hu;Qin Hu;Hualong Zheng;Qiulin Chen;Guolin Yang
Icing torsion of overhead single conductors exacerbates conductors icing, posing a serious threat to the power grid's operation. Few methods exist to suppress icing torsion and reduce the risk of icing damage to the power grid. This paper observes and analyzes the icing torsion of single conductor in the field natural environment, establishing the mathematical-physical model for icing torsion of overhead single conductors. A novel approach involving the application of orthogonal moments to the conductor is proposed to enhance its equivalent torsional stiffness and then suppress icing torsion. The effectiveness of this suppression method is quantified by the effective suppression interval ratio, the maximum suppression rate of icing torsion angle, and the icing torsion angle decrease ratio. Taking the LGJ-400/35 overhead single conductor as object, the field natural experiments on suppressing its icing torsion were conducted. The results demonstrate that the method proposed significantly suppresses the icing torsion of overhead single conductor, with an effective suppression interval ratio of 100%, a maximum suppression rate of icing torsion angle exceeding 90%, and the icing torsion angle decrease ratio surpassing 88%.
{"title":"Research on Icing Torsion Suppression Method of Overhead Single Conductors Based on Dynamic Balance of Orthogonal Moments","authors":"Lin Liu;Yutai Li;Xingliang Jiang;Zhijin Zhang;Jianlin Hu;Qin Hu;Hualong Zheng;Qiulin Chen;Guolin Yang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3469275","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3469275","url":null,"abstract":"Icing torsion of overhead single conductors exacerbates conductors icing, posing a serious threat to the power grid's operation. Few methods exist to suppress icing torsion and reduce the risk of icing damage to the power grid. This paper observes and analyzes the icing torsion of single conductor in the field natural environment, establishing the mathematical-physical model for icing torsion of overhead single conductors. A novel approach involving the application of orthogonal moments to the conductor is proposed to enhance its equivalent torsional stiffness and then suppress icing torsion. The effectiveness of this suppression method is quantified by the effective suppression interval ratio, the maximum suppression rate of icing torsion angle, and the icing torsion angle decrease ratio. Taking the LGJ-400/35 overhead single conductor as object, the field natural experiments on suppressing its icing torsion were conducted. The results demonstrate that the method proposed significantly suppresses the icing torsion of overhead single conductor, with an effective suppression interval ratio of 100%, a maximum suppression rate of icing torsion angle exceeding 90%, and the icing torsion angle decrease ratio surpassing 88%.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3398-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467379
Biyadgie Ayalew;Mohamed Shawky El Moursi;Ahmed Al-Durra;Ehab F. El-Saadany
This paper presents dc inertia support scheme for MMCs used for integrating offshore wind farm based on HVDC system. The proposed mechanism has two energy buffering paths: through the energy controller and the zero sequence circulating current (ZSCC) controller. The first path is used to support the dc system when ac disturbances happen inside the offshore wind farm. For this purpose, the gains of the energy controller are tuned online based on the dc voltage deviation and the ac power change. On the other hand, the function of the second path is to make the MMC engage in the supporting the dc system when disturbance occurs in ac system of other side of the HVDC system. To achieve this, the ZSCC reference is modified by the time derivative of the dc voltage amplified by a virtual capacitor. Furthermore, in the provision of dc inertia support, the energy deviation is contained within the defined range. Also, the deviation is at the transient stage only. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified using simulation analysis based on the nonlinear model developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
{"title":"DC Inertia Support Scheme for MMCs in HVDC Transmission System Integrating Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Biyadgie Ayalew;Mohamed Shawky El Moursi;Ahmed Al-Durra;Ehab F. El-Saadany","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467379","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467379","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents dc inertia support scheme for MMCs used for integrating offshore wind farm based on HVDC system. The proposed mechanism has two energy buffering paths: through the energy controller and the zero sequence circulating current (ZSCC) controller. The first path is used to support the dc system when ac disturbances happen inside the offshore wind farm. For this purpose, the gains of the energy controller are tuned online based on the dc voltage deviation and the ac power change. On the other hand, the function of the second path is to make the MMC engage in the supporting the dc system when disturbance occurs in ac system of other side of the HVDC system. To achieve this, the ZSCC reference is modified by the time derivative of the dc voltage amplified by a virtual capacitor. Furthermore, in the provision of dc inertia support, the energy deviation is contained within the defined range. Also, the deviation is at the transient stage only. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been verified using simulation analysis based on the nonlinear model developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3374-3386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467915
Bao Liu;Wenqiang Jiang
The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection technology based on the deep learning has been widely used in the detection of insulator self-explosion defects (ISDs) for power systems. Although existing methods have achieved the high average precision (AP) in general scenarios, they perform poorly in small object scenarios captured by UAVs and lack generalization. Moreover, most of these methods rely on model structures with large parameters and high floating-point operations (FLOPs), and can only be deployed on cloud computing servers. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes a lightweight adaptive you only look once (LA-YOLO) approach of small object detection for ISDs. Firstly, the Faster-C2f module based on the partial convolution (PConv) is introduced into the backbone network to reduce the parameters and FLOPs of redundant channels during gradient diversion. Secondly, the bidirectional adaptively feature pyramid network (Bi-AFPN) dedicated to small object detection layer adaptively learns the weights of feature fusion at different scales from both spatial and channel dimensions. This method improves the effectiveness of the feature information for small-scale ISDs in the process of feature fusion at different scales. Finally, the task and structure dual decoupling head (DD-Head) introduces the spatial aware convolution (SAConv) in the regression branch to extract spatial feature information in both horizontal and vertical directions. The redundant convolution calculations in the classification branch are also reduced, significantly. The experimental results demonstrate that the LA-YOLO not only has lower parameters and FLOPs, but also outperforms existing methods (InsuDet, ID-YOLO, FINet, and BiFusion-YOLOv3) in the average accuracy of small object detection scenarios in ISDs. Our approach is easier to deploy on the UAV and has good application prospects.
{"title":"LA-YOLO: Bidirectional Adaptive Feature Fusion Approach for Small Object Detection of Insulator Self-Explosion Defects","authors":"Bao Liu;Wenqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467915","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3467915","url":null,"abstract":"The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection technology based on the deep learning has been widely used in the detection of insulator self-explosion defects (ISDs) for power systems. Although existing methods have achieved the high average precision (AP) in general scenarios, they perform poorly in small object scenarios captured by UAVs and lack generalization. Moreover, most of these methods rely on model structures with large parameters and high floating-point operations (FLOPs), and can only be deployed on cloud computing servers. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes a lightweight adaptive you only look once (LA-YOLO) approach of small object detection for ISDs. Firstly, the Faster-C2f module based on the partial convolution (PConv) is introduced into the backbone network to reduce the parameters and FLOPs of redundant channels during gradient diversion. Secondly, the bidirectional adaptively feature pyramid network (Bi-AFPN) dedicated to small object detection layer adaptively learns the weights of feature fusion at different scales from both spatial and channel dimensions. This method improves the effectiveness of the feature information for small-scale ISDs in the process of feature fusion at different scales. Finally, the task and structure dual decoupling head (DD-Head) introduces the spatial aware convolution (SAConv) in the regression branch to extract spatial feature information in both horizontal and vertical directions. The redundant convolution calculations in the classification branch are also reduced, significantly. The experimental results demonstrate that the LA-YOLO not only has lower parameters and FLOPs, but also outperforms existing methods (InsuDet, ID-YOLO, FINet, and BiFusion-YOLOv3) in the average accuracy of small object detection scenarios in ISDs. Our approach is easier to deploy on the UAV and has good application prospects.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3387-3397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3461389
{"title":"Introducing the IEEE PES Resource Center","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3461389","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3461389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 5","pages":"3013-3013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10691648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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