Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457164
Andres Tarraso;Jose Ignacio Candela;Joan Rocabert;Pedro Rodriguez
The expansion of renewable energy sources highly increased the number of grid-connected converters associated to PV and wind in power plants as well as in residential areas. The appearance of voltage harmonics, which are typically generated by a large number of devices, is a common issue in weak grid environments and it is transitioning to the main utility grid. This harmonic distortion is significantly increasing due to the interaction between electronic power converters and the network, which not only contribute to damage other equipment connected to the same point of common connection (PCC), but also increase the losses and saturation of the transformers in the line. While previous studies have extensively addressed this issue for grid-following power converters, the harmonic control in parallel grid-forming converters, particularly those based on virtual synchronous emulation, remains underexplored. This paper intends to provide a solution focused on providing a selective harmonic control for synchronous power controller (SPC) based power converters. The proposed solution enables the parallelization of power converters to naturally share the harmonics attenuation effect at the PCC. The methodology is presented and validated through real-time simulations as well as experimental tests conducted in a 200 kVA microgrid testbed.
随着可再生能源的发展，发电厂和居民区中与光伏和风能相关的并网变流器数量大幅增加。电压谐波通常由大量设备产生，是弱电网环境中的常见问题，目前正在向主公用电网过渡。由于电子变流器与电网之间的相互作用，这种谐波畸变正在显著增加，不仅会损坏连接到同一共用连接点（PCC）的其他设备，还会增加线路中变压器的损耗和饱和度。以往的研究已广泛解决了电网跟随型变流器的这一问题，但并联电网形成型变流器的谐波控制，尤其是基于虚拟同步仿真的谐波控制，仍未得到充分探讨。本文旨在提供一种解决方案，重点是为基于同步功率控制器 (SPC) 的功率转换器提供选择性谐波控制。所提出的解决方案可实现功率转换器的并行化，从而在 PCC 上自然分担谐波衰减效应。通过实时模拟以及在 200 kVA 微电网试验平台上进行的实验测试，介绍并验证了该方法。
{"title":"Selective Harmonic Compensation in SPC Grid-Forming Converters for Improving Power Quality in Weak Grid","authors":"Andres Tarraso;Jose Ignacio Candela;Joan Rocabert;Pedro Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457164","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457164","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of renewable energy sources highly increased the number of grid-connected converters associated to PV and wind in power plants as well as in residential areas. The appearance of voltage harmonics, which are typically generated by a large number of devices, is a common issue in weak grid environments and it is transitioning to the main utility grid. This harmonic distortion is significantly increasing due to the interaction between electronic power converters and the network, which not only contribute to damage other equipment connected to the same point of common connection (PCC), but also increase the losses and saturation of the transformers in the line. While previous studies have extensively addressed this issue for grid-following power converters, the harmonic control in parallel grid-forming converters, particularly those based on virtual synchronous emulation, remains underexplored. This paper intends to provide a solution focused on providing a selective harmonic control for synchronous power controller (SPC) based power converters. The proposed solution enables the parallelization of power converters to naturally share the harmonics attenuation effect at the PCC. The methodology is presented and validated through real-time simulations as well as experimental tests conducted in a 200 kVA microgrid testbed.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3223-3232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457544
Sudip Bhattacharyya;Bhim Singh
This paper deals with an advanced discrete generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (DGI-FLL) control algorithm designed for regulating grid-side converter (GSC) of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Its primary function is to ensure consistent regulation of DC-bus voltage of rotor side converter (RSC) and GSC. Notably, this advanced DGI-FLL control demonstrates robust performance even amidst fluctuations in wind speed and varying loads. By implementing advanced DGI-FLL control, notable enhancements in system dynamics such as improved rise time, delay time, and settling time are achieved across diverse load conditions. Furthermore, this control algorithm effectively addresses power quality (PQ) concerns associated with DFIG. Synchronization of DFIG stator windings with local grid is a pivotal aspect, with local grid established through a combination of a battery and a double-stage photovoltaic (PV) supported grid forming converter (GFC). Initially, open-circuit voltages and frequency are generated across stator windings of DFIG via stage-I RSC control. Subsequently field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm takes charge of RSC post-stator synchronization. This algorithm not only fulfills reactive component requirement of DFIG but also maximizes power extraction from wind turbine. Moreover, an energy storage system (ESS) based on batteries is integrated to store surplus energy and subsequently distributes it based on load demand. This paper presents comprehensive test results showcasing integrated performance of hybrid microgrid at varying load conditions, solar insolation and changes in wind speed. Notably, it demonstrates how total harmonics distortion (THD) for both current and voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) adhere to the standard set forth by the IEEE 519-2022.Std.
{"title":"Operation of a Standalone Microgrid With an Advanced Discrete Generalized Integrator Based FLL Control","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharyya;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457544","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3457544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an advanced discrete generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (DGI-FLL) control algorithm designed for regulating grid-side converter (GSC) of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Its primary function is to ensure consistent regulation of DC-bus voltage of rotor side converter (RSC) and GSC. Notably, this advanced DGI-FLL control demonstrates robust performance even amidst fluctuations in wind speed and varying loads. By implementing advanced DGI-FLL control, notable enhancements in system dynamics such as improved rise time, delay time, and settling time are achieved across diverse load conditions. Furthermore, this control algorithm effectively addresses power quality (PQ) concerns associated with DFIG. Synchronization of DFIG stator windings with local grid is a pivotal aspect, with local grid established through a combination of a battery and a double-stage photovoltaic (PV) supported grid forming converter (GFC). Initially, open-circuit voltages and frequency are generated across stator windings of DFIG via stage-I RSC control. Subsequently field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm takes charge of RSC post-stator synchronization. This algorithm not only fulfills reactive component requirement of DFIG but also maximizes power extraction from wind turbine. Moreover, an energy storage system (ESS) based on batteries is integrated to store surplus energy and subsequently distributes it based on load demand. This paper presents comprehensive test results showcasing integrated performance of hybrid microgrid at varying load conditions, solar insolation and changes in wind speed. Notably, it demonstrates how total harmonics distortion (THD) for both current and voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) adhere to the standard set forth by the IEEE 519-2022.Std.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3233-3242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3454533
Miguel Carreño, Jie Song, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Robert Griñó
{"title":"Design-Oriented Large-Signal Stability Analysis of Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop","authors":"Miguel Carreño, Jie Song, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Robert Griñó","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3454533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3454533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Condition monitoring of gas insulated high voltage equipment is important to ensure reliable operation of electricity networks. Partial discharge (PD) monitoring is well established for existing SF 6 equipment, but still in its infancy for the emerging SF 6 alternatives as the power industry transitions from SF 6 . PD characteristics of 20% C 3 F 7 CN / 80% CO 2 gas mixture as a viable retrofill solution were extensively investigated over extended energization periods in a busbar demonstrator designed for SF 6 and rated to 420/550 kV. Protrusions of 3, 5, 10 and 15 mm needle lengths were used on the high voltage conductor for comparative PD investigations of SF 6 and 20% C 3 F 7 CN / 80% CO 2 gas mixture. PD activity was measured with IEC 60270 (apparent charge) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection methods. The PD patterns recorded for all needle lengths were representative of a protrusion-on-conductor defect and the two PD detection methods were comparable. For identical defect lengths, SF 6 showed a comparatively longer time-to-breakdown when compared to a 20% C 3 F 7 CN / 80% CO 2 mixture. Results obtained in a controlled laboratory environment demonstrate wider applicability to field measurements of C 3 F 7 CN based mixtures adopted for retrofill application in SF 6 -designed gas insulated busbar.
{"title":"Partial Discharge Monitoring of C3F7CN/CO2 Mixture Retrofilled in Gas Insulated Busbar","authors":"Prem Ranjan;Maria Oancea;Qinghua Han;Faisal Omar Bahdad;Constantinos Onoufriou;Malcolm Seltzer-Grant;Roberto Fernandez Bautista;Lujia Chen","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454440","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454440","url":null,"abstract":"Condition monitoring of gas insulated high voltage equipment is important to ensure reliable operation of electricity networks. Partial discharge (PD) monitoring is well established for existing SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000 equipment, but still in its infancy for the emerging SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000 alternatives as the power industry transitions from SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000. PD characteristics of 20% C\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000F\u0000<sub>7</sub>\u0000CN / 80% CO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 gas mixture as a viable retrofill solution were extensively investigated over extended energization periods in a busbar demonstrator designed for SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000 and rated to 420/550 kV. Protrusions of 3, 5, 10 and 15 mm needle lengths were used on the high voltage conductor for comparative PD investigations of SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000 and 20% C\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000F\u0000<sub>7</sub>\u0000CN / 80% CO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 gas mixture. PD activity was measured with IEC 60270 (apparent charge) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection methods. The PD patterns recorded for all needle lengths were representative of a protrusion-on-conductor defect and the two PD detection methods were comparable. For identical defect lengths, SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000 showed a comparatively longer time-to-breakdown when compared to a 20% C\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000F\u0000<sub>7</sub>\u0000CN / 80% CO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 mixture. Results obtained in a controlled laboratory environment demonstrate wider applicability to field measurements of C\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000F\u0000<sub>7</sub>\u0000CN based mixtures adopted for retrofill application in SF\u0000<sub>6</sub>\u0000-designed gas insulated busbar.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3212-3222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453270
Maëva Courcelle;Qiucen Tao;Johanna Geis-Schroer;Thomas Leibfried;Giovanni De Carne
In recent years, the electricity supply has become more volatile, and advanced real-time controllers are needed to manage the grid safely. Demand-side management represents a promising solution, where regulating load consumption through controlled voltage variations offers a valuable approach, which can be applied using power electronics actuators. This approach relies on understanding how power consumption reacts to changes in voltage magnitude or frequency. One proposed method is perturbation-based load sensitivity identification, which introduces controlled perturbation into the grid, for instance through a Solid-State Transformer, and calculates load parameters via power measurements. However, existing methods often require synchronization with the perturbation actuator and lack resiliency to noise or uncorrelated power variations, limiting their practical applicability. This paper proposes a novel approach for perturbation-based load sensitivity identification, utilizing a pre- and post-filtering process. This method has been tested under realistic grid conditions, with autonomous computation of the load sensitivity, triggered by variation-based perturbation detection. It offers more global and flexible control possibilities, and eliminates the need for complex communication layers.
{"title":"Perturbation-Based Load Sensitivity Identification for Smart Transformer-Based Load Control","authors":"Maëva Courcelle;Qiucen Tao;Johanna Geis-Schroer;Thomas Leibfried;Giovanni De Carne","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453270","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453270","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the electricity supply has become more volatile, and advanced real-time controllers are needed to manage the grid safely. Demand-side management represents a promising solution, where regulating load consumption through controlled voltage variations offers a valuable approach, which can be applied using power electronics actuators. This approach relies on understanding how power consumption reacts to changes in voltage magnitude or frequency. One proposed method is perturbation-based load sensitivity identification, which introduces controlled perturbation into the grid, for instance through a Solid-State Transformer, and calculates load parameters via power measurements. However, existing methods often require synchronization with the perturbation actuator and lack resiliency to noise or uncorrelated power variations, limiting their practical applicability. This paper proposes a novel approach for perturbation-based load sensitivity identification, utilizing a pre- and post-filtering process. This method has been tested under realistic grid conditions, with autonomous computation of the load sensitivity, triggered by variation-based perturbation detection. It offers more global and flexible control possibilities, and eliminates the need for complex communication layers.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3114-3125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10663970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454104
Hanyu Liang;Jie Sheng;Xuan Zhou;Ran Li;Zhijian Jin
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables with low loss and large capacity are playing an indispensable role in power transmission. However, the reliability analysis of in-grid HTS power cables is hindered by the scarcity of failure data from demonstration projects. This paper investigates the electromagnetic–thermal behavior of in-grid HTS power cables under two failure modes: short-circuit fault and cooling system failure. To improve the reliability of the HTS power cable, this paper proposes a current-dependent overheating protection strategy and a reclosure strategy based on the maximum self-recovery temperature. The optimized strategies increase the operating probability of the normal state for the HTS power cable from 99.27% to 99.49%, demonstrating that HTS power cables can achieve high reliability in grids.
{"title":"Operating Reliability of In-Grid HTS Power Cables Based on Electromagnetic–Thermal–Hydraulic Analysis","authors":"Hanyu Liang;Jie Sheng;Xuan Zhou;Ran Li;Zhijian Jin","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454104","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454104","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables with low loss and large capacity are playing an indispensable role in power transmission. However, the reliability analysis of in-grid HTS power cables is hindered by the scarcity of failure data from demonstration projects. This paper investigates the electromagnetic–thermal behavior of in-grid HTS power cables under two failure modes: short-circuit fault and cooling system failure. To improve the reliability of the HTS power cable, this paper proposes a current-dependent overheating protection strategy and a reclosure strategy based on the maximum self-recovery temperature. The optimized strategies increase the operating probability of the normal state for the HTS power cable from 99.27% to 99.49%, demonstrating that HTS power cables can achieve high reliability in grids.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3164-3174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453493
Adam J. Collin;Jan Meyer;Pooya Davari;Jiri Drapela;Gary W. Chang;Roberto Langella
This Task Force paper presents several important aspects on modelling single-phase power electronic converters (PECs) for power system distortion studies in the 2-150 kHz frequency range (also referred to as supraharmonics). The paper summarizes the state of the art and provides a systematic framework for the development of models of the unintentional emissions produced by modern PECs in this frequency range. Starting from a review of the basic concepts of the phenomena, model requirements, functionality and validation procedures are defined. The main modelling approaches proposed for power system distortion studies in the 2-150 kHz frequency range are discussed and compared. A detailed numerical case study of a fixed switching frequency converter is included to illustrate and compare the application and performance of different models.
{"title":"Modeling the Unintentional Emissions of Single-Phase Power Electronic Converters for Distortion Studies in the 2-150 kHz Range","authors":"Adam J. Collin;Jan Meyer;Pooya Davari;Jiri Drapela;Gary W. Chang;Roberto Langella","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453493","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453493","url":null,"abstract":"This Task Force paper presents several important aspects on modelling single-phase power electronic converters (PECs) for power system distortion studies in the 2-150 kHz frequency range (also referred to as supraharmonics). The paper summarizes the state of the art and provides a systematic framework for the development of models of the unintentional emissions produced by modern PECs in this frequency range. Starting from a review of the basic concepts of the phenomena, model requirements, functionality and validation procedures are defined. The main modelling approaches proposed for power system distortion studies in the 2-150 kHz frequency range are discussed and compared. A detailed numerical case study of a fixed switching frequency converter is included to illustrate and compare the application and performance of different models.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3126-3138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10663930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454244
Yunfeng Huang;Huangqing Xiao;Ping Yang;Ying Huang
To address the technical challenges of DC fault clearing in DC grid, a multiport DC circuit breaker (DCCB) integrating current-limiting and fast fault clearing capabilities is proposed. Due to the topology design of the H-bridge LCSs and the additional bridge arm provided in the H-bridge component for connecting to the DC bus, the proposed DCCB possesses the capability to clear DC bus faults. Three control strategies were designed, including energization, fault interruption following current limiting and reset following current limiting. The proposed topology realizes a large reduction of peak current value by employing a current limiting component. The time required for fault clearing is minimized by implementing a bypass component. The proposed control strategy enables the pre-charge of circuit breaker capacitor by multiplexing a portion of the topology loop. The operating sequence of circuit breaker is optimized through a two-step process: preliminary fault judgment and secondary confirmation. This process further reduces the current value at the break time. A five-terminal DC grid simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and various operating conditions of circuit breakers are simulated and verified. The results show that the proposed multiport DCCB can quickly and reliably clear faults in multiple DC lines and DC bus, reduce the peak current value, and minimize the time required for fault interruption under all working conditions.
为解决直流电网中直流故障清除的技术难题，提出了一种集限流和快速故障清除功能于一体的多端口直流断路器（DCCB）。由于 H 桥 LCS 的拓扑设计以及 H 桥组件中用于连接直流母线的额外桥臂，所提出的 DCCB 具有清除直流母线故障的能力。设计了三种控制策略，包括通电、限流后故障中断和限流后复位。通过采用限流元件，拟议的拓扑结构实现了峰值电流的大幅降低。通过采用旁路元件，故障清除所需的时间降到了最低。所提出的控制策略通过多路复用拓扑回路的一部分，实现了断路器电容器的预充电。断路器的操作顺序通过两个步骤进行优化：初步故障判断和二次确认。这一过程进一步降低了断路时的电流值。在 PSCAD/EMTDC 中建立了五端直流电网仿真模型，并对断路器的各种运行条件进行了仿真和验证。结果表明，在所有工作条件下，所提出的多端口 DCCB 都能快速可靠地清除多条直流线路和直流母线上的故障，降低峰值电流值，并最大限度地缩短故障中断所需的时间。
{"title":"Topology and Control of Multiport DC Circuit Breaker Integrating Current-Limiting and Fast Fault Clearing Capabilities","authors":"Yunfeng Huang;Huangqing Xiao;Ping Yang;Ying Huang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454244","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454244","url":null,"abstract":"To address the technical challenges of DC fault clearing in DC grid, a multiport DC circuit breaker (DCCB) integrating current-limiting and fast fault clearing capabilities is proposed. Due to the topology design of the H-bridge LCSs and the additional bridge arm provided in the H-bridge component for connecting to the DC bus, the proposed DCCB possesses the capability to clear DC bus faults. Three control strategies were designed, including energization, fault interruption following current limiting and reset following current limiting. The proposed topology realizes a large reduction of peak current value by employing a current limiting component. The time required for fault clearing is minimized by implementing a bypass component. The proposed control strategy enables the pre-charge of circuit breaker capacitor by multiplexing a portion of the topology loop. The operating sequence of circuit breaker is optimized through a two-step process: preliminary fault judgment and secondary confirmation. This process further reduces the current value at the break time. A five-terminal DC grid simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and various operating conditions of circuit breakers are simulated and verified. The results show that the proposed multiport DCCB can quickly and reliably clear faults in multiple DC lines and DC bus, reduce the peak current value, and minimize the time required for fault interruption under all working conditions.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3199-3211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453669
Guan-Yi Li;Christian Sinatra;Wei-Yun Huang;Gary W. Chang
Offshore wind farms (OWFs) significantly produce capacitive reactive power through their submarine connection to the main grid. Grid-connected resources must regulate their reactive power output to maintain reliable system operation. Excessive capacitive reactive power can be economically mitigated with the optimal planning of shunt reactors. This paper proposes an optimal shunt reactor planning method using the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm. The proposed method is assessed in an actual OWF located on the west coast of Taiwan. The test consists of four cases with different shunt reactor configurations each. The results indicate that the ideal allocation of shunt reactors for the studied system consists of a smaller offshore shunt reactor capacity and a larger onshore shunt reactor capacity, each split into several individual shunt reactors. However, limited space availability and weight capacity on the OWF and the complexity of controlling too many shunt reactors may warrant less ideal allocation of shunt reactors. Furthermore, the solutions from the proposed EO-based method are superior to three other metaheuristic algorithms and one traditional solver.
海上风电场（OWFs）通过与主电网的海底连接产生大量电容性无功功率。并网资源必须调节其无功功率输出，以维持系统的可靠运行。通过并联电抗器的优化规划，可以经济地缓解过大的容性无功功率。本文提出了一种使用均衡优化器（EO）算法的并联电抗器优化规划方法。本文提出的方法在位于台湾西海岸的一个实际 OWF 中进行了评估。测试包括四个案例，每个案例都有不同的并联电抗器配置。结果表明，所研究系统的理想并联电抗器配置包括一个较小的离岸并联电抗器容量和一个较大的陆上并联电抗器容量，每个并联电抗器分成几个单独的并联电抗器。然而，由于海上工作平台的可用空间和重量有限，以及控制过多并联电抗器的复杂性，并联电抗器的分配可能并不那么理想。此外，所提出的基于 EO 方法的解决方案优于其他三种元启发式算法和一种传统求解器。
{"title":"Optimal Shunt Reactor Planning for Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Guan-Yi Li;Christian Sinatra;Wei-Yun Huang;Gary W. Chang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453669","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3453669","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind farms (OWFs) significantly produce capacitive reactive power through their submarine connection to the main grid. Grid-connected resources must regulate their reactive power output to maintain reliable system operation. Excessive capacitive reactive power can be economically mitigated with the optimal planning of shunt reactors. This paper proposes an optimal shunt reactor planning method using the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm. The proposed method is assessed in an actual OWF located on the west coast of Taiwan. The test consists of four cases with different shunt reactor configurations each. The results indicate that the ideal allocation of shunt reactors for the studied system consists of a smaller offshore shunt reactor capacity and a larger onshore shunt reactor capacity, each split into several individual shunt reactors. However, limited space availability and weight capacity on the OWF and the complexity of controlling too many shunt reactors may warrant less ideal allocation of shunt reactors. Furthermore, the solutions from the proposed EO-based method are superior to three other metaheuristic algorithms and one traditional solver.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3139-3152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454116
Meng Chen;Ying Xue;Waisheng Zheng;Yiping Chen;Nan Chen;Conghuan Yang;Zhixuan Li
Achieving higher renewable penetration in power systems requires more operational flexibility due to the variability of renewable energy sources. LCC-HVDC systems, boasting the largest installed capacity among existing HVDC technologies, hold tremendous potential to offer grid flexibility through their strong power control capabilities. However, LCC-HVDC systems suffer from the inherent issue of uncontrollability at low power levels, fundamentally limiting their application in providing the much-needed grid flexibility. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new online power reversal strategy for LCC-HVDC based on round power mode (RPM). The proposed strategy can achieve continuous control at low power levels and unlock the full flexibility of LCC-HVDC. Then the detailed modelling of the proposed strategy including power reversal process, mode-switching methods and coordinated operation of bipolar units are presented in this paper. The simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy across all power levels.
{"title":"A New Online Power Reversal Strategy for LCC-HVDC Systems Utilizing Round Power Mode","authors":"Meng Chen;Ying Xue;Waisheng Zheng;Yiping Chen;Nan Chen;Conghuan Yang;Zhixuan Li","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454116","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3454116","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving higher renewable penetration in power systems requires more operational flexibility due to the variability of renewable energy sources. LCC-HVDC systems, boasting the largest installed capacity among existing HVDC technologies, hold tremendous potential to offer grid flexibility through their strong power control capabilities. However, LCC-HVDC systems suffer from the inherent issue of uncontrollability at low power levels, fundamentally limiting their application in providing the much-needed grid flexibility. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new online power reversal strategy for LCC-HVDC based on round power mode (RPM). The proposed strategy can achieve continuous control at low power levels and unlock the full flexibility of LCC-HVDC. Then the detailed modelling of the proposed strategy including power reversal process, mode-switching methods and coordinated operation of bipolar units are presented in this paper. The simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy across all power levels.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3175-3185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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