Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485950
Chao Gao;Shan He;Xiongfeng Fang;Pooya Davari;Ka Nang Leung;Poh Chiang Loh;Frede Blaabjerg
Indirect-current-controlled active power filter (APF) is preferable compared with the direct-current-controlled APF due to its simpler structure and its direct regulation of the grid current. However, unlike direct current control, indirect current control does not have explicit current reference posing difficulty on current limiting operation. This letter proposes a current-limiting control strategy for indirect-current-controlled APF. By adding harmonic resonant controllers into the closed-loop control of the APF's output current, the harmonic components of output current can be smaller than that of the nonlinear load's current. The effectiveness of the proposed current-limiting control is verified by experiments.
{"title":"Current-Limiting Control Strategy for Indirect-Current-Controlled Active Power Filter","authors":"Chao Gao;Shan He;Xiongfeng Fang;Pooya Davari;Ka Nang Leung;Poh Chiang Loh;Frede Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485950","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485950","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect-current-controlled active power filter (APF) is preferable compared with the direct-current-controlled APF due to its simpler structure and its direct regulation of the grid current. However, unlike direct current control, indirect current control does not have explicit current reference posing difficulty on current limiting operation. This letter proposes a current-limiting control strategy for indirect-current-controlled APF. By adding harmonic resonant controllers into the closed-loop control of the APF's output current, the harmonic components of output current can be smaller than that of the nonlinear load's current. The effectiveness of the proposed current-limiting control is verified by experiments.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3551-3554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485653
Hangyu Cao;Lingen Luo;Gehao Sheng;Xiuchen Jiang
Abnormal temperature rise is a slowly developing transient process, and the existing methods for Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) internal temperature perception are based on fitting or training steady-state values. These methods are trained for specific GIS equipment, which usually leads to weak generality. Moreover, they are unable to provide real-time monitoring and early warning of the rise in the internal temperature of the GIS. The article takes the transient temperature rise rate as the characteristic parameter to perceive the heating state inside the GIS. The transient temperature rise equilibrium model is proposed and the corresponding radial identification of the temperature rise rate (RITRR) of the GIS busbar conductor is derived and analyzed. The results of the temperature rise tests show that the temperature rise rates of the ambient environment, enclosure, and conductor prove the models' correctness; the equilibrium coefficient's monotony confirms the feasibility of the RITRR of the GIS busbar conductor. This article provides a technical means to monitor the internal temperature rise status of GIS busbars from the ambient temperature and to reduce and prevent the occurrence of abnormal temperature rise accidents.
{"title":"Radial Identification of the Temperature Rise Rate of GIS Busbar Conductors Based on Temperature Gradients","authors":"Hangyu Cao;Lingen Luo;Gehao Sheng;Xiuchen Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485653","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485653","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal temperature rise is a slowly developing transient process, and the existing methods for Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) internal temperature perception are based on fitting or training steady-state values. These methods are trained for specific GIS equipment, which usually leads to weak generality. Moreover, they are unable to provide real-time monitoring and early warning of the rise in the internal temperature of the GIS. The article takes the transient temperature rise rate as the characteristic parameter to perceive the heating state inside the GIS. The transient temperature rise equilibrium model is proposed and the corresponding radial identification of the temperature rise rate (RITRR) of the GIS busbar conductor is derived and analyzed. The results of the temperature rise tests show that the temperature rise rates of the ambient environment, enclosure, and conductor prove the models' correctness; the equilibrium coefficient's monotony confirms the feasibility of the RITRR of the GIS busbar conductor. This article provides a technical means to monitor the internal temperature rise status of GIS busbars from the ambient temperature and to reduce and prevent the occurrence of abnormal temperature rise accidents.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3514-3524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485076
Chunyi Guo;Chenwei Zhao
To eliminate commutation failure (CF) of line-commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system, this paper proposes a thyristor-based module-cascaded converter (TMCC), where each arm consists of multiple thyristor-based commutated modules (TCMs). The TCM is configurated as full-bridge scheme by thyristors, capacitor, inductor and arrester, to provide commutation voltage support and consume power under fault conditions. The working modes of TCM are presented, and the coordinated control strategy of TMCC is proposed for pre-charging state, normal operation state and forced commutated state. Moreover, the parameter design procedures for each element in TCM are also provided. Then, a dual-infeed HVDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to analyze its transient response under AC fault conditions. This system incorporates a TMCC-HVDC link, where an LCC serves as the rectifier and a TMCC operates as the inverter. The results indicates that, with the proposed control strategy and the designed parameters, the voltage and current stresses of each element in TCMs can be regulated within an acceptable range. The proposed TMCC not only can eliminate its CFs, but also significantly strengthen the commutation failure immunity of remote LCC-HVDC link.
{"title":"Novel Thyristor-Based Module-Cascaded Converter to Eliminate Commutation Failure for LCC-HVDC Application","authors":"Chunyi Guo;Chenwei Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485076","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485076","url":null,"abstract":"To eliminate commutation failure (CF) of line-commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system, this paper proposes a thyristor-based module-cascaded converter (TMCC), where each arm consists of multiple thyristor-based commutated modules (TCMs). The TCM is configurated as full-bridge scheme by thyristors, capacitor, inductor and arrester, to provide commutation voltage support and consume power under fault conditions. The working modes of TCM are presented, and the coordinated control strategy of TMCC is proposed for pre-charging state, normal operation state and forced commutated state. Moreover, the parameter design procedures for each element in TCM are also provided. Then, a dual-infeed HVDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to analyze its transient response under AC fault conditions. This system incorporates a TMCC-HVDC link, where an LCC serves as the rectifier and a TMCC operates as the inverter. The results indicates that, with the proposed control strategy and the designed parameters, the voltage and current stresses of each element in TCMs can be regulated within an acceptable range. The proposed TMCC not only can eliminate its CFs, but also significantly strengthen the commutation failure immunity of remote LCC-HVDC link.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3492-3502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An innovative control strategy for adaptive secondary frequency regulation utilizing dynamic energy storage based on primary frequency response is proposed. This strategy is inactive when the system frequency remains within a predetermined frequency deviation threshold, whereby only the primary frequency regulation is executed through a combination of virtual droop and virtual inertia. The droop coefficient is dynamically related to both the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage and the frequency deviation, adapting in response to these parameters. If the system frequency deviation exceeds, the integration link will be activated based on the energy storage participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. This activation facilitates a segmented adaptive adjustment of the integral coefficient in accordance with the dynamic characteristics of system frequency variations observed during the regulation process. Additionally, the droop coefficient is incorporated as a modifying factor into the integral coefficient to enhance the control during secondary frequency regulation until all steady-state errors are mitigated. Disengagement from the secondary frequency regulation not only accelerates the restoration of grid frequency but also ensures precise and error-free adjustment of the system frequency, thereby improving tracking and dynamic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through simulation.
{"title":"Adaptive Secondary Frequency Regulation Strategy for Energy Storage Based on Dynamic Primary Frequency Regulation","authors":"Shiwei Xue;Siming Zeng;Yang Song;Xuekai Hu;Jifeng Liang;Hongyang Qing","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485121","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3485121","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative control strategy for adaptive secondary frequency regulation utilizing dynamic energy storage based on primary frequency response is proposed. This strategy is inactive when the system frequency remains within a predetermined frequency deviation threshold, whereby only the primary frequency regulation is executed through a combination of virtual droop and virtual inertia. The droop coefficient is dynamically related to both the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage and the frequency deviation, adapting in response to these parameters. If the system frequency deviation exceeds, the integration link will be activated based on the energy storage participating in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid. This activation facilitates a segmented adaptive adjustment of the integral coefficient in accordance with the dynamic characteristics of system frequency variations observed during the regulation process. Additionally, the droop coefficient is incorporated as a modifying factor into the integral coefficient to enhance the control during secondary frequency regulation until all steady-state errors are mitigated. Disengagement from the secondary frequency regulation not only accelerates the restoration of grid frequency but also ensures precise and error-free adjustment of the system frequency, thereby improving tracking and dynamic performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through simulation.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3503-3513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3485090
Byambasuren Battulga, Muhamad Faizan Shaikh, Mohamed Osama, Sang Bin Lee
{"title":"Converter Embedded Testing of Inter-laminar Core Insulation of Step-up Transformers for Wind Energy Applications","authors":"Byambasuren Battulga, Muhamad Faizan Shaikh, Mohamed Osama, Sang Bin Lee","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3485090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3485090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current Ethernet switches use a scheduling strategy based on strict priority queuing, which can lead to in unpredictable latency in power-system protection and operation within intelligent substations. Therefore, time-sensitive networking (TSN) has received widespread research attention due to its deterministic transmission characteristics. Based on the asynchronous traffic shaping (ATS) defined by the IEEE 802.1Qcr standard in TSN, we propose a method that evaluates and optimizes the performance of asynchronous TSN in substation communication networks (SCNs). Based on a port-connection model of an SCN, we propose a method that calculates the bandwidth and message distribution of traffic flows at each switch port. Then, we propose an optimization model for shaper parameters of the ATS strategy to minimize the end-to-end delay of traffic flows. The model is solved using the interior-point algorithm, which allows for the configuration of optimized shaper parameters. Subsequently, the shaped traffic flows are scheduled based on their eligible transmission time and priorities, with detailed implementation provided. Simulation results demonstrate that the ATS-based SCN ensures deterministic low-latency transmission for critical communication services, such as sample value and generic object-oriented substation event in substation automation systems, even in the presence of abnormal high-priority traffic.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Asynchronous Time-Sensitive Networking in Substation Automation Systems","authors":"Huibin Jia;Wenrui Wu;Kun Wu;Wei Wang;Yanyan Liu;Tao Zheng","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3483306","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3483306","url":null,"abstract":"Current Ethernet switches use a scheduling strategy based on strict priority queuing, which can lead to in unpredictable latency in power-system protection and operation within intelligent substations. Therefore, time-sensitive networking (TSN) has received widespread research attention due to its deterministic transmission characteristics. Based on the asynchronous traffic shaping (ATS) defined by the IEEE 802.1Qcr standard in TSN, we propose a method that evaluates and optimizes the performance of asynchronous TSN in substation communication networks (SCNs). Based on a port-connection model of an SCN, we propose a method that calculates the bandwidth and message distribution of traffic flows at each switch port. Then, we propose an optimization model for shaper parameters of the ATS strategy to minimize the end-to-end delay of traffic flows. The model is solved using the interior-point algorithm, which allows for the configuration of optimized shaper parameters. Subsequently, the shaped traffic flows are scheduled based on their eligible transmission time and priorities, with detailed implementation provided. Simulation results demonstrate that the ATS-based SCN ensures deterministic low-latency transmission for critical communication services, such as sample value and generic object-oriented substation event in substation automation systems, even in the presence of abnormal high-priority traffic.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3481-3491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3481463
Paul Monceyron Røren;Kaveh Niayesh
Due to its high global warming potential, 25200 times that of CO $_{2}$ , SF $_{6}$ is to be phased out of high voltage equipment. Finding low global warming potential alternative dielectric mediums that can replace it, is therefore imperative. Such an alternative, a mixture of technical air and the fluoroketone C $_{5}$ F $_{10}$ O has already been used to replace SF $_{6}$ in some applications. The advantage of the fluoroketone, in addition to its low global warming potential of about one, is its high dielectric withstand voltage. Previous studies, related to the medium voltage switchgear, have explored the differences in air and the fluoroketone mixture for free-burning and low ablative configurations. In load break switchgear, however, the switching arc will form and burn inside a polymer nozzle, and therefore, understanding interactions between the gaseous dielectric medium and nozzle material during current interruption, is key to developing alternative solutions. In this paper, interactions between two gaseous dielectric mediums (air and air mixture with $7.5 %$ fluoroketone) at $1.3 ,text{bar}$ and nozzles made of PTFE, PP, PE, PEEK and POM-C, at two different current levels of $300 ,text{A}$ and $600 ,text{A}$ have been investigated. It was found that PEEK is an unsuitable nozzle material as it burns and flakes when exposed to an arc, that the pressure development and power dissipated in PTFE nozzles is lower than for the other materials and that POM-C performed best overall when it came to interruption rates and pressure development.
{"title":"Nozzle Material Impact on Medium Voltage Load Current Interruption in Air and in a Fluoroketone Air Mixture","authors":"Paul Monceyron Røren;Kaveh Niayesh","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3481463","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3481463","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its high global warming potential, 25200 times that of CO\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, SF\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is to be phased out of high voltage equipment. Finding low global warming potential alternative dielectric mediums that can replace it, is therefore imperative. Such an alternative, a mixture of technical air and the fluoroketone C\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{5}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000F\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{10}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000O has already been used to replace SF\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{6}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 in some applications. The advantage of the fluoroketone, in addition to its low global warming potential of about one, is its high dielectric withstand voltage. Previous studies, related to the medium voltage switchgear, have explored the differences in air and the fluoroketone mixture for free-burning and low ablative configurations. In load break switchgear, however, the switching arc will form and burn inside a polymer nozzle, and therefore, understanding interactions between the gaseous dielectric medium and nozzle material during current interruption, is key to developing alternative solutions. In this paper, interactions between two gaseous dielectric mediums (air and air mixture with \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$7.5 %$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 fluoroketone) at \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$1.3 ,text{bar}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and nozzles made of PTFE, PP, PE, PEEK and POM-C, at two different current levels of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$300 ,text{A}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$600 ,text{A}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 have been investigated. It was found that PEEK is an unsuitable nozzle material as it burns and flakes when exposed to an arc, that the pressure development and power dissipated in PTFE nozzles is lower than for the other materials and that POM-C performed best overall when it came to interruption rates and pressure development.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3473-3480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nuclear power plant's rotating asynchronous machine (RAM) is the sole power supply system of the control rod drive mechanism (CRDM). The current RAM's protection system consists of traditional discrete relays, which have low reliability and flexibility. The popularization of digital protection devices and new principles has been started in the engineering field. Based on the feature of the Zig-Zag star winding connection of the generator stator winding in RAM, this paper analyzes the after-ground fault third-harmonic voltage characteristics. It is found that when the fault resistance exceeds 5 kΩ, the application of the traditional third harmonic voltage criteria is difficult because of the low sensitivity. Thus, this paper proposes a novel protection method based on the variation in the third-harmonic voltage, effectively improving protection reliability by introducing restraining quantity. Simulation and dynamic model experiments show that, compared to the existing third-harmonic voltage criteria, the proposed method exhibits higher sensitivity and has an against fault resistance ability of at least 10 kΩ.
{"title":"A Novel Third-Harmonic Voltage Protection Method for the Generator Stator Ground Fault of Nuclear Power Plant's Rotating Asynchronous Machine","authors":"Yikai Wang;Chenxiao Tang;Liming Tan;Jian Qiao;Xianggen Yin","doi":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3479286","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3479286","url":null,"abstract":"The nuclear power plant's rotating asynchronous machine (RAM) is the sole power supply system of the control rod drive mechanism (CRDM). The current RAM's protection system consists of traditional discrete relays, which have low reliability and flexibility. The popularization of digital protection devices and new principles has been started in the engineering field. Based on the feature of the Zig-Zag star winding connection of the generator stator winding in RAM, this paper analyzes the after-ground fault third-harmonic voltage characteristics. It is found that when the fault resistance exceeds 5 kΩ, the application of the traditional third harmonic voltage criteria is difficult because of the low sensitivity. Thus, this paper proposes a novel protection method based on the variation in the third-harmonic voltage, effectively improving protection reliability by introducing restraining quantity. Simulation and dynamic model experiments show that, compared to the existing third-harmonic voltage criteria, the proposed method exhibits higher sensitivity and has an against fault resistance ability of at least 10 kΩ.","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"39 6","pages":"3462-3472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3479075
Jianqiao Zhou, Haohua Peng, Jianwen Zhang, Han Wang, Yajun Jia, Gang Shi, Xu Cai
{"title":"A Multi-port Converter Based on a Delta-type Cascaded H-Bridge for Soft Normally Open Points","authors":"Jianqiao Zhou, Haohua Peng, Jianwen Zhang, Han Wang, Yajun Jia, Gang Shi, Xu Cai","doi":"10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3479075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2024.3479075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13498,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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