The reduced yield under conventional tillage is due to more crop-weed competition and more dry matter accumulation by the weeds(Kumar et al. 2018). Due to zero weed competition, weed-free treatments yielded the highest grain yield of all weed managementpractices. In contrast to this, the lowest grain yield was obtained in weedy treatment due to season-long weed competition. Maximum yield under W8 is due to broadspectrum activity of these herbicides (Sharma et al. 2014, Sunil et al. 2021). The use of zero tillage reduced weed incidence and suppression, leading to higher grain yields. Therefore, zero tillage and metsulfuron 20% wp 4 g a.i./ha + clodinafop propargyl 15% wp 60 g a.i./ha should be practiced for minimizing weed growth and maximizing the yield.
常规耕作方式下产量下降是由于作物与杂草竞争加剧和杂草积累干物质增多(Kumar et al. 2018)。由于无杂草竞争，在所有杂草管理措施中，无杂草处理的粮食产量最高。与此相反，杂草处理由于整个季节的杂草竞争，籽粒产量最低。W8下的最高产量是由于这些除草剂的广谱活性(Sharma et al. 2014, Sunil et al. 2021)。免耕减少了杂草的发生和抑制，从而提高了粮食产量。因此，为了减少杂草生长，提高产量，应实行免耕和20%的甲磺隆(4 g a.i./ha) + 15%的丙丙醇(60 g a.i./ha)。
{"title":"Weed dynamics and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under various tillage and weed management practices","authors":"PARMESWAR DAYAL, ARUN KUMAR, SHASHANK TYAGI, RAVIKESH KUMAR PAL, BAL MANOHAR, SHIVANI RANJAN, SUMIT SOW","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.138136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.138136","url":null,"abstract":"The reduced yield under conventional tillage is due to more crop-weed competition and more dry matter accumulation by the weeds(Kumar et al. 2018). Due to zero weed competition, weed-free treatments yielded the highest grain yield of all weed managementpractices. In contrast to this, the lowest grain yield was obtained in weedy treatment due to season-long weed competition. Maximum yield under W8 is due to broadspectrum activity of these herbicides (Sharma et al. 2014, Sunil et al. 2021). The use of zero tillage reduced weed incidence and suppression, leading to higher grain yields. Therefore, zero tillage and metsulfuron 20% wp 4 g a.i./ha + clodinafop propargyl 15% wp 60 g a.i./ha should be practiced for minimizing weed growth and maximizing the yield.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.138932
ABHISHEK DAS, NAYAN AHMED, T J PURAKAYASTHA, SUNANDA BISWAS, PRASENJIT RAY, BINDER SINGH, T K DAS, RAJESH KUMAR, ACHAL LAMA
An attempt was made to study the humic acid (HA) quality and clay humus complex in order to generate valuable information regarding soil carbon (C) and recalcitrant carbon variations under conservation agriculture (CA) practices. It is worthwhile to mention that CA has got wider acceptance among researchers and farmers nowadays. A field experiment was conducted in an Inceptisol with three treatments, namely conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) without residue and zero tillage with residue (ZT+R) in a maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (M-W) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)-wheat (P-W) cropping system at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, with a view to characterize the HA by E4/E6 ratio and total acidity, and to specify the functional groups of clay humus complex. In ZT+R based treatments, lower E4/E6 ratio and total acidity of extracted HA showed higher degree of humification and stability of humic acid carbon (HA-C). The FTIR spectroscopy of the clay-humus complex (as extracted from soil) displayed the presence of a large number of functional groups in ZT+R treatment followed by ZT and CT. It was also observed that the yield of crops was also significantly higher in ZT+R than CT in both the cropping systems except in wheat crops in the M-W system. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZT+R has the potential to enrich the organic carbon (C) quality in soil and increase the aromaticity of HA, leading to carbon stabilization in soils.
为了获得保护性农业(CA)条件下土壤碳(C)和顽固性碳变化的有价值信息，对腐殖酸(HA)质量和粘土腐殖质复合体进行了研究。值得一提的是，CA在研究人员和农民中得到了更广泛的接受。在新德里icar -印度农业研究所(ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute)对玉米(Zea mays L.)-小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) (M-W)和豇豆(Cajanus cajan L.)-小麦(P-W)种植体系进行了常规耕作(CT)、免耕(ZT)和免耕留茬(ZT+R) 3种处理的ineptisol田间试验，以E4/E6比和总酸度为指标对HA进行了定性，并明确了粘土腐殖质复合物的官能基。在ZT+R处理中，较低的E4/E6比和提取的HA总酸度表明腐殖酸碳(HA- c)的腐殖酸化程度和稳定性较高。从土壤中提取的粘土-腐殖质复合物的FTIR光谱显示，在ZT+R处理中存在大量官能团，其次是ZT和CT处理。除小麦外，两种种植制度下ZT+R的作物产量均显著高于CT。因此，ZT+R具有提高土壤有机碳(C)质量，增加HA芳香性，实现土壤碳稳定的潜力。
{"title":"Impact of conservation agriculture on humic acid quality and clay humus complexation under maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)-wheat cropping systems","authors":"ABHISHEK DAS, NAYAN AHMED, T J PURAKAYASTHA, SUNANDA BISWAS, PRASENJIT RAY, BINDER SINGH, T K DAS, RAJESH KUMAR, ACHAL LAMA","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.138932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.138932","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to study the humic acid (HA) quality and clay humus complex in order to generate valuable information regarding soil carbon (C) and recalcitrant carbon variations under conservation agriculture (CA) practices. It is worthwhile to mention that CA has got wider acceptance among researchers and farmers nowadays. A field experiment was conducted in an Inceptisol with three treatments, namely conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) without residue and zero tillage with residue (ZT+R) in a maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (M-W) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)-wheat (P-W) cropping system at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, with a view to characterize the HA by E4/E6 ratio and total acidity, and to specify the functional groups of clay humus complex. In ZT+R based treatments, lower E4/E6 ratio and total acidity of extracted HA showed higher degree of humification and stability of humic acid carbon (HA-C). The FTIR spectroscopy of the clay-humus complex (as extracted from soil) displayed the presence of a large number of functional groups in ZT+R treatment followed by ZT and CT. It was also observed that the yield of crops was also significantly higher in ZT+R than CT in both the cropping systems except in wheat crops in the M-W system. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZT+R has the potential to enrich the organic carbon (C) quality in soil and increase the aromaticity of HA, leading to carbon stabilization in soils.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University to study the genetic diversity of 80 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, using 43 polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 84 alleles were discovered, with an average of 3 alleles amplified per locus. The average value of the allelic PIC varied from 0.26 to 0.82. Primers, viz. Xgwm 129, Xgwm 131, TaGST, CFA2147, Xwmc48, Xbarc 1165 and Xwmc169 may be deemed particularly informative given their high PIC values. Indices of dissimilarity varied from 0.14 to 0.42. Eighty wheat genotypes were clustered into two main groups with 35 and 45 genotypes each using the dendrogram constructed on the basis of molecular data of polymorphic markers. Using STRUCTURE, genotypes were classified into 4 major sub-populations having Fst values 0.351, 0.363, 0.508 and 0.313, respectively. Future breeding operations in wheat cultivars for tolerance to abiotic stress should consider genotypes clustering into different groups. Assessing the molecular genetic diversity is a reliable approach to identify cultivars by analyzing of specific regions of the cultivars DNA based on their unique genetic profiles.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes using SSR markers","authors":"SUMAN DEVI, VIKRAM SINGH, SHIKHA YASHVEER, MOHINDER SINGH DALAL, None PARAS, RUKOO CHAWLA, DARYA KHAN AKBARZAI, HARSH CHAURASIA","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.139173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.139173","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University to study the genetic diversity of 80 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, using 43 polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 84 alleles were discovered, with an average of 3 alleles amplified per locus. The average value of the allelic PIC varied from 0.26 to 0.82. Primers, viz. Xgwm 129, Xgwm 131, TaGST, CFA2147, Xwmc48, Xbarc 1165 and Xwmc169 may be deemed particularly informative given their high PIC values. Indices of dissimilarity varied from 0.14 to 0.42. Eighty wheat genotypes were clustered into two main groups with 35 and 45 genotypes each using the dendrogram constructed on the basis of molecular data of polymorphic markers. Using STRUCTURE, genotypes were classified into 4 major sub-populations having Fst values 0.351, 0.363, 0.508 and 0.313, respectively. Future breeding operations in wheat cultivars for tolerance to abiotic stress should consider genotypes clustering into different groups. Assessing the molecular genetic diversity is a reliable approach to identify cultivars by analyzing of specific regions of the cultivars DNA based on their unique genetic profiles.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.139270
None REETIKA, R P S DALAL, None SOURABH, VIVEK BENIWAL, ANKIT GAVRI, SANJAY KUMAR, RAVI GAUTAM, DESH RAJ CHOUDHARY
An experiment was conducted at the screen house of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to assess the impact of 5 different salinity levels [0.07 (control), 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 dS/m] on the seed germination and biomass of 9 citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock seedlings (Rough lemon, Pectinifera, Cleopatra mandarin, Rangpur lime, Alemow, Volkamer lemon, NRCC-4, NRCC-3 and CRH-12). Experiment consisted of 45 treatment combinations and 3 replications in a completely randomized design (CRD). Under the influence of soil salinity, the number of days taken for seed germination, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root and shoot biomass were adversely affected across all rootstocks compared to the control treatment (0.07 dS/m). Among the tested rootstocks, Volkamer lemon exhibited the highest seed germination rate (57%), followed by Rangpur lime (53%) and CRH-12 (50%). Conversely, Pectinifera showed the lowest seed germination percentage (37%), followed by Alemow (43%) at 7 dS/m. The minimum reduction at 7 dS/m over control in fresh shoot and root and dry shoot and root biomass was observed in Rangpur lime (37.7, 16.2, 27.8 and 27.3%, respectively), followed by Volkamer lemon (38.0, 16.2, 28.3 and 28.5%, respectively). On the other hand, Pectinifera exhibited the highest reduction in biomass (51.9, 40.5, 47.0 and 43.9%, respectively), followed by Alemow (45.7, 30.9, 46.5 and 39.9%, respectively). Among all the rootstocks, Rangpur lime, Volkamer lemon and Cleopatra mandarin displayed better tolerance to salinity, exhibiting relatively lower reduction in biomass at the highest salinity level (7 dS/m) compared to the control. Cleopatra mandarin, Rough lemon and NRCC-3 showed a moderate response, while Pectinifera, NRCC-4, and Alemow were found to be less tolerant, exhibiting higher reduction in terms of count of seed germination days, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root biomass, and shoot biomass at 7 dS/m compared to the control treatment.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of salinity on citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock seed germination and seedling biomass","authors":"None REETIKA, R P S DALAL, None SOURABH, VIVEK BENIWAL, ANKIT GAVRI, SANJAY KUMAR, RAVI GAUTAM, DESH RAJ CHOUDHARY","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.139270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.139270","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the screen house of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to assess the impact of 5 different salinity levels [0.07 (control), 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 dS/m] on the seed germination and biomass of 9 citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock seedlings (Rough lemon, Pectinifera, Cleopatra mandarin, Rangpur lime, Alemow, Volkamer lemon, NRCC-4, NRCC-3 and CRH-12). Experiment consisted of 45 treatment combinations and 3 replications in a completely randomized design (CRD). Under the influence of soil salinity, the number of days taken for seed germination, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root and shoot biomass were adversely affected across all rootstocks compared to the control treatment (0.07 dS/m). Among the tested rootstocks, Volkamer lemon exhibited the highest seed germination rate (57%), followed by Rangpur lime (53%) and CRH-12 (50%). Conversely, Pectinifera showed the lowest seed germination percentage (37%), followed by Alemow (43%) at 7 dS/m. The minimum reduction at 7 dS/m over control in fresh shoot and root and dry shoot and root biomass was observed in Rangpur lime (37.7, 16.2, 27.8 and 27.3%, respectively), followed by Volkamer lemon (38.0, 16.2, 28.3 and 28.5%, respectively). On the other hand, Pectinifera exhibited the highest reduction in biomass (51.9, 40.5, 47.0 and 43.9%, respectively), followed by Alemow (45.7, 30.9, 46.5 and 39.9%, respectively). Among all the rootstocks, Rangpur lime, Volkamer lemon and Cleopatra mandarin displayed better tolerance to salinity, exhibiting relatively lower reduction in biomass at the highest salinity level (7 dS/m) compared to the control. Cleopatra mandarin, Rough lemon and NRCC-3 showed a moderate response, while Pectinifera, NRCC-4, and Alemow were found to be less tolerant, exhibiting higher reduction in terms of count of seed germination days, seed germination percentage, fresh and dry root biomass, and shoot biomass at 7 dS/m compared to the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.135372
N MOHANTY, S K NAYAK, J KUMAR, S MOHANTY, J MOLLA, L BEHERA
Utilising average data from the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022, the genetic diversity of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated at the research farm of ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. The grain number and associated 10 characteristics' coefficient of phenotypic variability was substantial, with the grain number per panicle having the greatest PCV and GCV. Principal component analysis was used to further identify the relationships and trends among the RILs. The first four primary components (74.58%) fully described the variability of all 10 features. Cultivars were divided into 8 groups based on the characters used to attribute grain number. To analyse genetic differences between RILs at the molecular level, 22 SSR markers were utilised and the PIC value was 0.709. A strong and significant relationship between them was shown by the structural analysis, with spikelet number and spikelet fertility per cent indicating a particularly strong correlation. Between clusters 1 and 3, there was considerable genetic variety, which offers great breeding options.
{"title":"Variance analysis for grain number related traits and study of population structure in rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"N MOHANTY, S K NAYAK, J KUMAR, S MOHANTY, J MOLLA, L BEHERA","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.135372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.135372","url":null,"abstract":"Utilising average data from the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022, the genetic diversity of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated at the research farm of ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha. The grain number and associated 10 characteristics' coefficient of phenotypic variability was substantial, with the grain number per panicle having the greatest PCV and GCV. Principal component analysis was used to further identify the relationships and trends among the RILs. The first four primary components (74.58%) fully described the variability of all 10 features. Cultivars were divided into 8 groups based on the characters used to attribute grain number. To analyse genetic differences between RILs at the molecular level, 22 SSR markers were utilised and the PIC value was 0.709. A strong and significant relationship between them was shown by the structural analysis, with spikelet number and spikelet fertility per cent indicating a particularly strong correlation. Between clusters 1 and 3, there was considerable genetic variety, which offers great breeding options.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to assess the impact of natural ageing and different storage containers on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seed quality during the 2020–21 and 2021–22 winter (rabi) seasons. Genetically pure seeds were used and stored in cloth and polythene bags. Seed quality parameters (germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, and seed vigour) were monitored at various intervals (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months). Freshly harvested seeds (control) exhibited superior quality, with higher germination rates, longer seedlings, greater seedling dry weight, and improved vigour indices compared to stored seeds over 18 months. Seed quality deteriorated with longer storage, reaching its lowest point at 18 months. Among storage containers, cloth bags showed a faster decline in seed quality compared to polythene bags (>700 gauge). In field experiments, one-year stored seeds from polythene bags outperformed those from cloth bags in terms of seed establishment percentage, mean emergence time, and germination speed. In conclusion, polythene bags maintained acceptable seed germination (meeting IMSCS standards) for up to 15 months, while cloth bags maintained it for up to 12 months. Therefore, polythene bags are a better choice for preserving eggplant seed quality during storage, particularly for longer durations.
{"title":"Impact of different storage containers on seed quality parameters of eggplant (Solanum melongena) during storage","authors":"None NISHA, AXAY BHUKER, NIRMAL SINGH, GAGANDEEP SINGH, None AKASH, None SOURABH, MUKESH KUMAR, AJAY KUMAR","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.137806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.137806","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to assess the impact of natural ageing and different storage containers on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seed quality during the 2020–21 and 2021–22 winter (rabi) seasons. Genetically pure seeds were used and stored in cloth and polythene bags. Seed quality parameters (germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, and seed vigour) were monitored at various intervals (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months). Freshly harvested seeds (control) exhibited superior quality, with higher germination rates, longer seedlings, greater seedling dry weight, and improved vigour indices compared to stored seeds over 18 months. Seed quality deteriorated with longer storage, reaching its lowest point at 18 months. Among storage containers, cloth bags showed a faster decline in seed quality compared to polythene bags (>700 gauge). In field experiments, one-year stored seeds from polythene bags outperformed those from cloth bags in terms of seed establishment percentage, mean emergence time, and germination speed. In conclusion, polythene bags maintained acceptable seed germination (meeting IMSCS standards) for up to 15 months, while cloth bags maintained it for up to 12 months. Therefore, polythene bags are a better choice for preserving eggplant seed quality during storage, particularly for longer durations.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.122591
BOUZIANE ZEHAIRA, DEHIMAT LAID
Present experiments were conducted in the microbiology laboratory, Department of Environmental and Agronomic Sciences and in a private nursery in the Tassoust region of Jijel during 2021 and 2022. This study was carried out on the use of strains of arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp.) as a means to control F. oxysporum effect. After 15 days of inoculation, several measurements of the lengths roots, stem and leaves were noted and symptoms of Fusarium disease were also recorded. The results revealed that F. oxysporum is a pathogen for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants (super strain) variety, causing Fusarium disease of this host, which manifests by yellowing, wilting and necrosis of aerial parts, and reduced growth parameters in plants. Therefore, the disease incidence after 15 days of inoculation is estimated at 75 and 50% for (T1 and T3) respectively. In addition, our results revealed that the percentage of incidence was 100 and 25% respectively for T1 and T3 after 22 days. Whereas, the results showed that mycorhizal fungi are associated with the roots of tomato plants. They reduced the incidence rate of Fusarium disease by 50% (T3) and improved the growth of tomato seedlings (Super strain) which manifests itself by a vigorous root system and a very important development of the aerial parts. These results indicate that arbuscular mycorhizal fungi can effectively contribute to the ecological management of soil-borne fungal disease.
{"title":"Ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal to protect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings from Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"BOUZIANE ZEHAIRA, DEHIMAT LAID","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.122591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.122591","url":null,"abstract":"Present experiments were conducted in the microbiology laboratory, Department of Environmental and Agronomic Sciences and in a private nursery in the Tassoust region of Jijel during 2021 and 2022. This study was carried out on the use of strains of arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (Acaulospora sp. and Glomus sp.) as a means to control F. oxysporum effect. After 15 days of inoculation, several measurements of the lengths roots, stem and leaves were noted and symptoms of Fusarium disease were also recorded. The results revealed that F. oxysporum is a pathogen for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants (super strain) variety, causing Fusarium disease of this host, which manifests by yellowing, wilting and necrosis of aerial parts, and reduced growth parameters in plants. Therefore, the disease incidence after 15 days of inoculation is estimated at 75 and 50% for (T1 and T3) respectively. In addition, our results revealed that the percentage of incidence was 100 and 25% respectively for T1 and T3 after 22 days. Whereas, the results showed that mycorhizal fungi are associated with the roots of tomato plants. They reduced the incidence rate of Fusarium disease by 50% (T3) and improved the growth of tomato seedlings (Super strain) which manifests itself by a vigorous root system and a very important development of the aerial parts. These results indicate that arbuscular mycorhizal fungi can effectively contribute to the ecological management of soil-borne fungal disease.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4227 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136772
SHAHIL KUMAR, S K CHAKRABARTY, NAVEEN SINGH, ANUJ KUMAR, MANJUNATH PRASAD C T, SUDIPTA BASU
Field experiments were conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the response of stigma receptivity in 30 new CMS lines, based on 3 new cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources namely, Moricandia, erucoides and berthautii of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] using two traits, i.e. per cent siliquae set and seed set per siliquae which are important for hybrid seed yield in seed production. CMS lines showed varying responses to distinct genetic backgrounds. Per cent siliquae set and seed set per siliquae changed due to cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction. Studies on stigma receptivity evaluation using manual pollination up to 7 days since anthesis revealed that it varies among the 3 CMS sources of Brassica juncea. Peak stigma receptivity reached up to 2 to 3 days following flower opening. Among the 3 CMS sources berthautii showed higher stigma receptivity compared to Moricandia and erucoides. Among the nuclear genotypes, Pusa Tarak was the most promising. The new CMS sources would be useful for hybrid development based on higher stigma receptivity for hybrid seed production. These findings will aid in the selection of appropriate nucleo-cytoplasmic combinations for use in the B. juncea hybrid breeding programmes.
{"title":"Nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction for stigma receptivity in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) hybrid development","authors":"SHAHIL KUMAR, S K CHAKRABARTY, NAVEEN SINGH, ANUJ KUMAR, MANJUNATH PRASAD C T, SUDIPTA BASU","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136772","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the response of stigma receptivity in 30 new CMS lines, based on 3 new cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources namely, Moricandia, erucoides and berthautii of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] using two traits, i.e. per cent siliquae set and seed set per siliquae which are important for hybrid seed yield in seed production. CMS lines showed varying responses to distinct genetic backgrounds. Per cent siliquae set and seed set per siliquae changed due to cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction. Studies on stigma receptivity evaluation using manual pollination up to 7 days since anthesis revealed that it varies among the 3 CMS sources of Brassica juncea. Peak stigma receptivity reached up to 2 to 3 days following flower opening. Among the 3 CMS sources berthautii showed higher stigma receptivity compared to Moricandia and erucoides. Among the nuclear genotypes, Pusa Tarak was the most promising. The new CMS sources would be useful for hybrid development based on higher stigma receptivity for hybrid seed production. These findings will aid in the selection of appropriate nucleo-cytoplasmic combinations for use in the B. juncea hybrid breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134959974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure food security in India, not only the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity but yield sustainability is also crucial especially when the production environments are quite diverse. An experiment was conducted to examined multi-environment wheat yield trial data of popular wheat cultivars in two agro-climatically diverse regions i.e. north- western plains zone (NWPZ) and central zone (CZ) under timely-sown (TS) and late-sown (LS) conditions with an aim to differentiate yield and yield sustainability at the level of 4 production environment, 11 prominent locations and 7 crop years. Wheat productivity matched in both zones; yet the level of yield-sustainability was much less in warmer climate of CZ. Yield sustainability was poorest in late-sown wheat of CZ and the drop in sustainability index (SI) was realized in locations, years and genotypes. For grain yield; locations and location-year interaction mattered most in each production environments but the years were crucial only in NWPZ-TS. Results showed that yield sustainability of test sites can not be adjudged by its productivity alone. Location status was associated with the yield sustainability only in NWPZ. Substantial drop in sustainability could be noticed in some crop seasons of CZ but deviations in NWPZ were smaller. In test sites, the causative factors associated with yield-sustainability varied under different production environments. Genotype-year interaction was effective in each situation except CZ-LS where only the crop year variations were supreme. Variations in locations and genotypes mattered most in NWPZ-TS whereas the crop year deviations were impactful in NWPZ-LS and CZ-TS environments. Based on the results; prospect of improvisation and breeding strategy have been suggested to select suitable production sites and the genotypes.
{"title":"Significance of yield sustainability to develop climate smart wheat (Triticum aestivum) in India","authors":"DEVINDER MOHAN, HANIF KHAN, VISHNU KUMAR, RAJ KUMAR, AJAY VERMA, RANDHIR SINGH, GYANENDRA SINGH","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.137708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.137708","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure food security in India, not only the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity but yield sustainability is also crucial especially when the production environments are quite diverse. An experiment was conducted to examined multi-environment wheat yield trial data of popular wheat cultivars in two agro-climatically diverse regions i.e. north- western plains zone (NWPZ) and central zone (CZ) under timely-sown (TS) and late-sown (LS) conditions with an aim to differentiate yield and yield sustainability at the level of 4 production environment, 11 prominent locations and 7 crop years. Wheat productivity matched in both zones; yet the level of yield-sustainability was much less in warmer climate of CZ. Yield sustainability was poorest in late-sown wheat of CZ and the drop in sustainability index (SI) was realized in locations, years and genotypes. For grain yield; locations and location-year interaction mattered most in each production environments but the years were crucial only in NWPZ-TS. Results showed that yield sustainability of test sites can not be adjudged by its productivity alone. Location status was associated with the yield sustainability only in NWPZ. Substantial drop in sustainability could be noticed in some crop seasons of CZ but deviations in NWPZ were smaller. In test sites, the causative factors associated with yield-sustainability varied under different production environments. Genotype-year interaction was effective in each situation except CZ-LS where only the crop year variations were supreme. Variations in locations and genotypes mattered most in NWPZ-TS whereas the crop year deviations were impactful in NWPZ-LS and CZ-TS environments. Based on the results; prospect of improvisation and breeding strategy have been suggested to select suitable production sites and the genotypes.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134959982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136487
SURBHI SAHEWALLA, PRIYANKA DAS, DIBYA JYOTI HAZARIKA, ROBIN CHANDRA BORO
The association between the consumption of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the improvement of human health is generating a great deal of interest among the researchers. An experiment was conducted during 2020 and 2021 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam to study the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin compositions of the 14 pigmented rice genotypes. The results were compared with the well-known traditional pigmented rice variety from Manipur, Poreiton Chakhao. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin content ranged from 37.101 to 493.611 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, 53.316 to 151.667 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g and 1.006 to 13.904 mg cyanidin-3-chloride equivalent/100 g in the studied rice genotypes. The amount of rice showing 50% DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC 50 value) ranged from 6.610 to 29.376 mg. The HPLC analysis revealed presence of both cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the black pigmented rice genotypes, viz. TTB Black Rice 7, Chakhao-1, Chakhao-2 and TTB Black Rice 11. However, in the red rice genotypes analysed (Balam and Nepali Chakuwa), these two anthocyanins were not detected.
{"title":"Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin compositions of the pigmented rice (Oryza sativa) of north-east India","authors":"SURBHI SAHEWALLA, PRIYANKA DAS, DIBYA JYOTI HAZARIKA, ROBIN CHANDRA BORO","doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i9.136487","url":null,"abstract":"The association between the consumption of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the improvement of human health is generating a great deal of interest among the researchers. An experiment was conducted during 2020 and 2021 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam to study the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin compositions of the 14 pigmented rice genotypes. The results were compared with the well-known traditional pigmented rice variety from Manipur, Poreiton Chakhao. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin content ranged from 37.101 to 493.611 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, 53.316 to 151.667 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g and 1.006 to 13.904 mg cyanidin-3-chloride equivalent/100 g in the studied rice genotypes. The amount of rice showing 50% DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC 50 value) ranged from 6.610 to 29.376 mg. The HPLC analysis revealed presence of both cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the black pigmented rice genotypes, viz. TTB Black Rice 7, Chakhao-1, Chakhao-2 and TTB Black Rice 11. However, in the red rice genotypes analysed (Balam and Nepali Chakuwa), these two anthocyanins were not detected.","PeriodicalId":13499,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：