Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.5
B. Nurhandoko, Syahrul Mubarok, I. Sukmana, F. Ambia, B. Sulistyanto, S. Syafrizal, Y. Wiyanto, Hussein Rudiyanto
In recent years, coal as well as coal bed methane becomes important energy resources. Therefore, the characterization of coal seam is also important in predicting the quality, porosity and pore’s fluid of CBM’s reservoir. Seismic wave is very important parameter to characterize reservoir’s properties of coal bed methane as well as quality of coal. In this paper, we show methodology to image the subsurface velocity using seismic tomography. It is very useful for characterizing the coal’s seam as well as to detect the position of intrusion body. A case study was carried out in Suban Block, Muara Enim Sumatera. This coal mining block contains igneous rock intrusion which becoming main control of coal’s quality. Coal which is close with intrusion body usually has better quality than far zone. To acquire the data, we used 48 channels of seismic recorder controlled by telemetry for controlling the shot and first break. Then, data are processed by Fresnel interpolated wave-path (FIW) wide-band inversion tomography. The results show that the intrusion body can be imaged clearly and the seam coal can be delineated from well information. The information in well controls are quite match with tomography results.
近年来，煤和煤层气成为重要的能源资源。因此，煤层的表征对预测煤层气储层的性质、孔隙度和孔隙流体也具有重要意义。地震波是表征煤层气储层性质和煤质的重要参数。在本文中，我们展示了用地震层析成像地下速度的方法。它对煤层的特征和侵入体位置的探测具有重要意义。在苏门答腊Muara Enim Suban区块进行了案例研究。该矿区含火成岩侵入，成为控制煤质的主要因素。离岩体近的煤质通常比远的煤质好。为了获取数据，我们采用了48路遥测控制地震记录仪来控制射孔和初破。然后，对数据进行菲涅耳插值波路(FIW)宽带反演层析成像处理。结果表明，该方法能较清晰地成像侵入体，并能根据井信息圈定煤层。井控中的信息与层析成像结果非常吻合。
{"title":"Characterization of Subsurface Coal Using Seismic Tomography : a Case Study in Muara Enim South Sumatera","authors":"B. Nurhandoko, Syahrul Mubarok, I. Sukmana, F. Ambia, B. Sulistyanto, S. Syafrizal, Y. Wiyanto, Hussein Rudiyanto","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, coal as well as coal bed methane becomes important energy resources. Therefore, the characterization of coal seam is also important in predicting the quality, porosity and pore’s fluid of CBM’s reservoir. Seismic wave is very important parameter to characterize reservoir’s properties of coal bed methane as well as quality of coal. In this paper, we show methodology to image the subsurface velocity using seismic tomography. It is very useful for characterizing the coal’s seam as well as to detect the position of intrusion body. A case study was carried out in Suban Block, Muara Enim Sumatera. This coal mining block contains igneous rock intrusion which becoming main control of coal’s quality. Coal which is close with intrusion body usually has better quality than far zone. To acquire the data, we used 48 channels of seismic recorder controlled by telemetry for controlling the shot and first break. Then, data are processed by Fresnel interpolated wave-path (FIW) wide-band inversion tomography. The results show that the intrusion body can be imaged clearly and the seam coal can be delineated from well information. The information in well controls are quite match with tomography results.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80806385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.4
M. Abdullah, K. Khairurrijal
We proposed a simple method for predicting surface porosity of materials based on scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images. The porosity was determined by calculating volume beneath the surface and volume beneath a flat surface, the height of which is equal to maximum height of any point on the sample’s surface. The SEM image was firstly converted into two-dimensional matrix of gray scale and all procedures were performed using instructions provided by OriginPro software. The predicted results were in good agreements with direct calculation and measurement of the samples porosities.
{"title":"A Simple Method for Determining Surface Porosity Based on SEM Images Using OriginPro Software","authors":"M. Abdullah, K. Khairurrijal","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"We proposed a simple method for predicting surface porosity of materials based on scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images. The porosity was determined by calculating volume beneath the surface and volume beneath a flat surface, the height of which is equal to maximum height of any point on the sample’s surface. The SEM image was firstly converted into two-dimensional matrix of gray scale and all procedures were performed using instructions provided by OriginPro software. The predicted results were in good agreements with direct calculation and measurement of the samples porosities.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72683758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.1
J. Linturi, J. Okumu, C. Singh
The distorted wave method has been applied to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for 11S-23P excitations of helium atom by electron impact in the energy range of 40-200 eV. The initial distortion potential is taken as the static potential of the helium (target) atom in the initial state (11S) while the final distortion potential is taken as the average of the initial- and final-state static potentials of helium atom. The distorted waves are determined by partial wave expansion method by expanding it in terms of spherical harmonics and the radial equation corresponding to distorted waves is solved by use of Numerov method. A computer program DWBA1 written for e--H scattering by Madison and Bartschat is modified to perform the numerical calculations for e--He scattering and the results obtained are compared with experimental and theoretical results. The present results for 11S-23P transition are in a good agreement with experimental and theoretical results.
{"title":"A Distorted Wave Method Applied to Study the 23 P Excitation of Helium Atom by Electron Impact","authors":"J. Linturi, J. Okumu, C. Singh","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The distorted wave method has been applied to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for 11S-23P excitations of helium atom by electron impact in the energy range of 40-200 eV. The initial distortion potential is taken as the static potential of the helium (target) atom in the initial state (11S) while the final distortion potential is taken as the average of the initial- and final-state static potentials of helium atom. The distorted waves are determined by partial wave expansion method by expanding it in terms of spherical harmonics and the radial equation corresponding to distorted waves is solved by use of Numerov method. A computer program DWBA1 written for e--H scattering by Madison and Bartschat is modified to perform the numerical calculations for e--He scattering and the results obtained are compared with experimental and theoretical results. The present results for 11S-23P transition are in a good agreement with experimental and theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72736903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.4
A. Putra, M. Abdullah, K. Khairurrijal
A structural mechanics approach has been employed to analyze the vibrational behavior of single-layered graphene sheets. By adopting this approach, natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for different chirality and imposed boundary conditions. Numerical results from the implemented modeling are examined to provide predictive equations for fundamental frequencies of cantilevered and bridged graphene sheets. With the proposed equations, the natural frequencies can be predicted and are comparable to those obtained from theoretical consideration and experimental results.
{"title":"A Structural Mechanics Approach for the Vibrational Analysis of Single-Layered Graphene Sheets","authors":"A. Putra, M. Abdullah, K. Khairurrijal","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"A structural mechanics approach has been employed to analyze the vibrational behavior of single-layered graphene sheets. By adopting this approach, natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained for different chirality and imposed boundary conditions. Numerical results from the implemented modeling are examined to provide predictive equations for fundamental frequencies of cantilevered and bridged graphene sheets. With the proposed equations, the natural frequencies can be predicted and are comparable to those obtained from theoretical consideration and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81133253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.4
Z. Su'ud, Rijal Kurniadi, Rida Snm, Z. Zuhair
Feasibility design study of Long Life BWR with natural uranium/thorium as fuel cycle input has been performed. The reactor core is divided into 6 equal regions in radial direction. The fresh fuel is first loaded into the most outer region then shifted to the center of the core, and from there shifted to the nearby region in the outward direction. Nitride fuel is employed in the core to get better criticality and conversion/breeding ratio. The results show that uranium fuel combined with low moderating ratio environment is superior to make the system critical.
{"title":"Feasibility Design Study of Long Life BWR with Natural Uranium/Thorium as Fuel Cycle Input","authors":"Z. Su'ud, Rijal Kurniadi, Rida Snm, Z. Zuhair","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Feasibility design study of Long Life BWR with natural uranium/thorium as fuel cycle input has been performed. The reactor core is divided into 6 equal regions in radial direction. The fresh fuel is first loaded into the most outer region then shifted to the center of the core, and from there shifted to the nearby region in the outward direction. Nitride fuel is employed in the core to get better criticality and conversion/breeding ratio. The results show that uranium fuel combined with low moderating ratio environment is superior to make the system critical.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"5 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79808460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.5
A. Waris, T. Rahmanto, I. Taufiq, R. Kurniadi, Z. Su'ud
In the light of proliferation resistance and terrorism issues several nuclear energy authorities and experts have suggested not to separate plutonium and minor actinides during the nuclear spent fuel reprocessing. Along the lines of this recommendation, a study of transuranium recycling in pressurized water reactor (PWR) with 3 dimensional burnup analysis by using SRAC-COREBN code has been carried out. The results show that by recycling of 8%, 10%, and 12 % of plutonium and minor actinides in PWR, the necessary uranium enrichment in loaded enriched uranium fuel of each scenario can be reduced to 2.7%, 1.52%, and 1.32%, correspondingly. In addition to this, the amount of loaded uranium fuel diminishes considerably with the increasing of the amount of recycled of plutonium and minor actinides.
{"title":"Study of Transuranium Recycling in PWR with 3-D Burnup Analysis using SRAC-COREBN Code","authors":"A. Waris, T. Rahmanto, I. Taufiq, R. Kurniadi, Z. Su'ud","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of proliferation resistance and terrorism issues several nuclear energy authorities and experts have suggested not to separate plutonium and minor actinides during the nuclear spent fuel reprocessing. Along the lines of this recommendation, a study of transuranium recycling in pressurized water reactor (PWR) with 3 dimensional burnup analysis by using SRAC-COREBN code has been carried out. The results show that by recycling of 8%, 10%, and 12 % of plutonium and minor actinides in PWR, the necessary uranium enrichment in loaded enriched uranium fuel of each scenario can be reduced to 2.7%, 1.52%, and 1.32%, correspondingly. In addition to this, the amount of loaded uranium fuel diminishes considerably with the increasing of the amount of recycled of plutonium and minor actinides.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87561500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.1
P. Pal, S. Chakraborty
The purpose of this paper is to obtain the bounds on the Higgs mass in the Standard Model for one and two–loops Higgs potential, which includes the contributions of scalar, vector and fermion loops at one –loop and two-loop levels for a bound on the coupling constant λ given in the work of P. Kielanowski and S.R.Juarez W as 0.369 ≤ λ ≤ 0.613. On the basis of these studies, we obtain the upper and lower bounds on the Higgs mass as 143 GeV ≤ mH ≤ 200 GeV. These results will be very useful to LHC experiments for the detection of the Higgs particle and are matching with the results obtained by a few contemporary workers. We also find that the condition for perturbative validity given by Miller is satisfied, when the Higgs mass is calculated perturbatively from the effective potential given by the mass less φ 4 theory at one and two-loop level.
{"title":"Bounds on the Higgs mass in the standard model for one-loop and two-loop effective potentials and their perturbative validity","authors":"P. Pal, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to obtain the bounds on the Higgs mass in the Standard Model for one and two–loops Higgs potential, which includes the contributions of scalar, vector and fermion loops at one –loop and two-loop levels for a bound on the coupling constant λ given in the work of P. Kielanowski and S.R.Juarez W as 0.369 ≤ λ ≤ 0.613. On the basis of these studies, we obtain the upper and lower bounds on the Higgs mass as 143 GeV ≤ mH ≤ 200 GeV. These results will be very useful to LHC experiments for the detection of the Higgs particle and are matching with the results obtained by a few contemporary workers. We also find that the condition for perturbative validity given by Miller is satisfied, when the Higgs mass is calculated perturbatively from the effective potential given by the mass less φ 4 theory at one and two-loop level.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87480785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.1
I. Arif
The calculation procedure has been developed to determine the dynamic condition of the ion composition in cell walls during proton extrusion, known as the Weak Acid Donnan Manning (WADM) model for fluxes. In this model, the walls of plant cells are considered as a system containing weak acid polymers where the interaction of ions obeys the Manning condensation theory and the Donnan theory. When protons are transported across the walls during proton fluxes, the transported proton will interact with the wall ions and alter the ion composition. This depends on the wall parameters such as the concentration of ionisable sites, the pK of the wall weak acid, and the wall linear charge density parameter. When the linear charge density parameter is still higher than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, the transported protons during proton fluxes will decrease the wall pH, alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space, and release the condensed cations. Therefore some of the proton fluxes are represented by the flux of the condensed cations outside the walls. However when the linear charge density parameter is less than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, there is no condensed cations in the walls so that the transported protons only alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space.
{"title":"Calculation Procedure for Dynamic Condition of Ion Composition in Cell Walls Altered by Proton Fluxes","authors":"I. Arif","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation procedure has been developed to determine the dynamic condition of the ion composition in cell walls during proton extrusion, known as the Weak Acid Donnan Manning (WADM) model for fluxes. In this model, the walls of plant cells are considered as a system containing weak acid polymers where the interaction of ions obeys the Manning condensation theory and the Donnan theory. When protons are transported across the walls during proton fluxes, the transported proton will interact with the wall ions and alter the ion composition. This depends on the wall parameters such as the concentration of ionisable sites, the pK of the wall weak acid, and the wall linear charge density parameter. When the linear charge density parameter is still higher than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, the transported protons during proton fluxes will decrease the wall pH, alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space, and release the condensed cations. Therefore some of the proton fluxes are represented by the flux of the condensed cations outside the walls. However when the linear charge density parameter is less than the reciprocal of the highest valence of the involve cations, there is no condensed cations in the walls so that the transported protons only alter the ion composition in the wall Donnan free space and water free space.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85824697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.2
Hery Kuswandarto, M. Hendrasto, M. Iguchi
Eruptive activity of Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia, is characterized by intermittent occurrence of strombolian and vulcanian types in intervals of 15 – 45 minutes. The explosive eruptions accompany explosion earthquakes and tilt changes of ground around the summit crater. Prior to the explosions (16 – 300 s before), gradual upward tilts of the crater side were detected with amounts of 0.3 – 20 nrad. The upward tilts turned to downward after start of explosive eruptions and tilt decreased by 0.7 – 50 nrad for 30 – 70 s. In order to detect the precursory tilt changes in real time automatically by using the tilt record, software coded by Visual Basic was developed. The software receives UDP packet data from A/D converter for the tiltmeter and shows the record on PC display. The software judge stages of volcanic activity (pre-eruption or eruption) based on the tilt change. In a test, 72% of increase in tilts prior to explosions was successfully detected.
{"title":"Automatic and Real-time Processing of Tilt Records for Prediction of Explosions at Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Hery Kuswandarto, M. Hendrasto, M. Iguchi","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Eruptive activity of Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia, is characterized by intermittent occurrence of strombolian and vulcanian types in intervals of 15 – 45 minutes. The explosive eruptions accompany explosion earthquakes and tilt changes of ground around the summit crater. Prior to the explosions (16 – 300 s before), gradual upward tilts of the crater side were detected with amounts of 0.3 – 20 nrad. The upward tilts turned to downward after start of explosive eruptions and tilt decreased by 0.7 – 50 nrad for 30 – 70 s. In order to detect the precursory tilt changes in real time automatically by using the tilt record, software coded by Visual Basic was developed. The software receives UDP packet data from A/D converter for the tiltmeter and shows the record on PC display. The software judge stages of volcanic activity (pre-eruption or eruption) based on the tilt change. In a test, 72% of increase in tilts prior to explosions was successfully detected.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79575413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.3
Triyanta Triyanta
Gauge freedom is one important property of gauge theory. It enables one to choose gauge fields that fulfill a certain condition for conveniences. Thus, gauge freedom leads more fruitful and interesting development of gauge theory. In this paper we will discuss some gauge condition related aspects where the generalized gauge is taken into consideration. More attention will be given to the FS gauge.
{"title":"Some Gauge Related Aspects in Gauge Theory","authors":"Triyanta Triyanta","doi":"10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2008.19.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Gauge freedom is one important property of gauge theory. It enables one to choose gauge fields that fulfill a certain condition for conveniences. Thus, gauge freedom leads more fruitful and interesting development of gauge theory. In this paper we will discuss some gauge condition related aspects where the generalized gauge is taken into consideration. More attention will be given to the FS gauge.","PeriodicalId":13535,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79725643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：