Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10721
S. Baiduri, Dominicius Husada, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Leny Kartina, P. Basuki, I. Ismoedijanto
The incidence of dengue fever increase annually and can increase morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever is mosquito-borne disease and caused by one of four serotype dengue viruses. Severe dengue is characterized either by plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment. Mortality and serious morbidity of dengue were caused by several factors including the late recognition of the disease and the changing of clinical signs and symptoms. Understanding the prognostic factors in severe dengue will give early warning to physician thus decreasing the morbidity and mortality, and also improv ing the treatment and disease management. T he aim of this study was t o analyze the prognostic factors of severe dengue infection in children . This study was observational cohort study in children (2 months-18 years) with dengue infection according to WHO 2009 criteria which admitted in Soetomo and Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya. Analysis with univariate, bivariate and multivariate with IBM SPSS Statistic 17. All patients were confirmed by serologic marker (NS-1 or IgM/IgG Dengue). Clinical and laboratory examination such as complete blood count, aspartate aminotrasnferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), albumin, and both partial trombocite time and activated partial trombosit time (PTT and aPPT) were analyzed comparing nonsevere dengue and severe dengue patients. There were 40 subjects innonsevere and 27 subjects with severe dengue infection. On bivariate analysis, there were significant differences of nutritional status, abdominal pain, petechiae, pleural effusion, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, history of transfusion, increasing AST>3x, prolonged PPT and APTT between severe and nonsevere dengue group. After multivariate analyzed, the prognostic factors of severe dengue were overweight/obesity (p=0.003, RR 94), vomiting (p=0.02, RR 13.3), hepatomegaly (p=0.01, RR=69.4), an d prolonged APTT (p=0.005, RR=43.25) . In conclusion, o verweight/obesity, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and prolonged APTT were prognostic factors in severe dengue infection in children. Those factors should be monitored closely in order to reduce the mortality and serious morbidity.
{"title":"PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF SEVERE DENGUE INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN","authors":"S. Baiduri, Dominicius Husada, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Leny Kartina, P. Basuki, I. Ismoedijanto","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10721","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of dengue fever increase annually and can increase morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever is mosquito-borne disease and caused by one of four serotype dengue viruses. Severe dengue is characterized either by plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment. Mortality and serious morbidity of dengue were caused by several factors including the late recognition of the disease and the changing of clinical signs and symptoms. Understanding the prognostic factors in severe dengue will give early warning to physician thus decreasing the morbidity and mortality, and also improv ing the treatment and disease management. T he aim of this study was t o analyze the prognostic factors of severe dengue infection in children . This study was observational cohort study in children (2 months-18 years) with dengue infection according to WHO 2009 criteria which admitted in Soetomo and Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya. Analysis with univariate, bivariate and multivariate with IBM SPSS Statistic 17. All patients were confirmed by serologic marker (NS-1 or IgM/IgG Dengue). Clinical and laboratory examination such as complete blood count, aspartate aminotrasnferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), albumin, and both partial trombocite time and activated partial trombosit time (PTT and aPPT) were analyzed comparing nonsevere dengue and severe dengue patients. There were 40 subjects innonsevere and 27 subjects with severe dengue infection. On bivariate analysis, there were significant differences of nutritional status, abdominal pain, petechiae, pleural effusion, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, history of transfusion, increasing AST>3x, prolonged PPT and APTT between severe and nonsevere dengue group. After multivariate analyzed, the prognostic factors of severe dengue were overweight/obesity (p=0.003, RR 94), vomiting (p=0.02, RR 13.3), hepatomegaly (p=0.01, RR=69.4), an d prolonged APTT (p=0.005, RR=43.25) . In conclusion, o verweight/obesity, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and prolonged APTT were prognostic factors in severe dengue infection in children. Those factors should be monitored closely in order to reduce the mortality and serious morbidity.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.11455
A. Johan, Audrey Natalia, William Djauhari, R. Effendi
Malaria infections in high endemic areas are not pathognomonic and often show non-specific symptoms. The Southwest Sumba district is a high endemic area of malaria with the annual parasite incidence (API) of 14.48‰. The research conducted in this area was to identify the clinical and hemoglobin profile of malaria patients and to obtain comprehensive information on the clinical characteristics of malaria in a high endemic area of Southwest Sumba district. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was obtained from the medical record of malaria patients between January 1 st and December 31 st , 2017 in Karitas Hospital, Southwest Sumba district. Inclusion criteria were patients with asexual stages of Plasmodium spp. on their Giemsa-stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears examination. Exclusion criteria were malaria patients with coexisting diseases and who had taken medication before admitted to the hospital. The total number of patients was 322 patients, 50.6% of the subjects were ≥ 15 years old and 59.3% were male. Among 322 patients, 133 subjects were treated as inpatients. The result shows that most infection was caused by a single infection of P. falciparum. The most common clinical symptom was fever (98.4%), followed by headache, vomiting, cough, and nausea. The most common physical finding was the axillary temperature of > 37.5 ° C (87.6%) followed by anemic conjunctiva and hepatomegaly, which was mostly found in pediatric patients. The number of patients with hemoglobin level ≤ 10 g/dL was 129. The MCV <80 fL was found in 79% of patients with anemia. Severe malaria was found in 116 subjects in this study according to severe malaria criteria set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Study results were consistent with other existing studies from other high endemic areas in East Nusa Tenggara province.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND HEMOGLOBIN PROFILE OF MALARIA PATIENTS IN KARITAS HOSPITAL, SOUTHWEST SUMBA, PERIOD OF YEAR 2017","authors":"A. Johan, Audrey Natalia, William Djauhari, R. Effendi","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.11455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.11455","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria infections in high endemic areas are not pathognomonic and often show non-specific symptoms. The Southwest Sumba district is a high endemic area of malaria with the annual parasite incidence (API) of 14.48‰. The research conducted in this area was to identify the clinical and hemoglobin profile of malaria patients and to obtain comprehensive information on the clinical characteristics of malaria in a high endemic area of Southwest Sumba district. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was obtained from the medical record of malaria patients between January 1 st and December 31 st , 2017 in Karitas Hospital, Southwest Sumba district. Inclusion criteria were patients with asexual stages of Plasmodium spp. on their Giemsa-stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears examination. Exclusion criteria were malaria patients with coexisting diseases and who had taken medication before admitted to the hospital. The total number of patients was 322 patients, 50.6% of the subjects were ≥ 15 years old and 59.3% were male. Among 322 patients, 133 subjects were treated as inpatients. The result shows that most infection was caused by a single infection of P. falciparum. The most common clinical symptom was fever (98.4%), followed by headache, vomiting, cough, and nausea. The most common physical finding was the axillary temperature of > 37.5 ° C (87.6%) followed by anemic conjunctiva and hepatomegaly, which was mostly found in pediatric patients. The number of patients with hemoglobin level ≤ 10 g/dL was 129. The MCV <80 fL was found in 79% of patients with anemia. Severe malaria was found in 116 subjects in this study according to severe malaria criteria set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Study results were consistent with other existing studies from other high endemic areas in East Nusa Tenggara province.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10382
A. M. Charisma
Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important because late diagnostic can be fatal to the patient, remembered the journey of the disease is very rapid. Currently there has been developed an examination of a non structural 1 dengue antigen (NS1) that can detect dengue viral infections earlier, even on the first day of fever. However, not all health care centers have adequate laboratory facilities for NS1 checks.Clinical symptoms and signs as well as a routine blood test are indicators that become the basis of diagnosis in health care facilities with limited facilities. This study aims to determine the relationship of NS1 examination result to clinical symptoms and signs as well as the result of routine blood tests in patients suspected dengue infection. This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in clinic laboratory and inpatient clinic room of Vita Medika Kepung Kediri from November 2017 to February 2018.The number of research samples of 30 people was determined by the consecutive sampling technique. NS1 examination was done by using rapid immunochromatography test method with mono kits. Routine blood examination was done by using Micros 60. Chi square test on relationship between clinical sign and symptoms examination of dengue with the results of NS1 examination obtained p= 0,310 (p > 0,005), while the results of chi square test on the relationship of routine blood examination results haemoglobine levels, amount of leucocyte, platelet count and hematocite of NS1 examination result obtained p value in a row p = 0,235 (p > 0,05) , p = 0,013(p 0,05). There was a significant correlation between leucocyte count and platelet count to NS1 antigen exanimation result , but there was no correlation between clinical signs and symptoms of dengue patients, haemoglobine level and haematocryt value on NS1 antigen examination result.
{"title":"Relationship of Non Structural Antigen 1 (NS1) Examination Results To Clinical Signs ,Symptoms and Routine Blood Examination In Patients Suspected Dengue Infections at inpatients Clinic of Vita Medika Kepung Kediri Districts","authors":"A. M. Charisma","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.10382","url":null,"abstract":"Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important because late diagnostic can be fatal to the patient, remembered the journey of the disease is very rapid. Currently there has been developed an examination of a non structural 1 dengue antigen (NS1) that can detect dengue viral infections earlier, even on the first day of fever. However, not all health care centers have adequate laboratory facilities for NS1 checks.Clinical symptoms and signs as well as a routine blood test are indicators that become the basis of diagnosis in health care facilities with limited facilities. This study aims to determine the relationship of NS1 examination result to clinical symptoms and signs as well as the result of routine blood tests in patients suspected dengue infection. This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in clinic laboratory and inpatient clinic room of Vita Medika Kepung Kediri from November 2017 to February 2018.The number of research samples of 30 people was determined by the consecutive sampling technique. NS1 examination was done by using rapid immunochromatography test method with mono kits. Routine blood examination was done by using Micros 60. Chi square test on relationship between clinical sign and symptoms examination of dengue with the results of NS1 examination obtained p= 0,310 (p > 0,005), while the results of chi square test on the relationship of routine blood examination results haemoglobine levels, amount of leucocyte, platelet count and hematocite of NS1 examination result obtained p value in a row p = 0,235 (p > 0,05) , p = 0,013(p 0,05). There was a significant correlation between leucocyte count and platelet count to NS1 antigen exanimation result , but there was no correlation between clinical signs and symptoms of dengue patients, haemoglobine level and haematocryt value on NS1 antigen examination result.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":"31 9","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.12696
Indah Agustiningrum, J. Nugraha, Hartono Kahar
Dengue infection caused by DENV and transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is a major health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Clinical manifestations of dengue infection are very widely, from asymptomatic until dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV will attack macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) and replicate them. Monocytes are mac rophages in the blood (±10% leukocytes). Macrophages produce cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 . The monocytes that are infected with DENV will express MCP-1, which will increase the permeability of vascular endothelial cells so that they have a risk of developing DHF/DSS. Macrophages and DC secrete NS1 proteins, which are the co-factors that are needed for viral replication and can be detected in the early phase of fever. The increased MCP-1 levels in dengue infection followed by an increase in the number of atypical lymphocytes indicate the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation which triggers proliferation rather than lymphocytes. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design to determine the MCP-1 level in dengue infection patients with 1st until the 4th day of fever and the presence of atypical lymphocytes. Dengue infection was determined by rapid tests NS1 positive or negative and MCP-1 levels were measured using by ELISA sandwich method.MCP-1 level of sixty patients dengue infection NS-1 rapid positive or negative with 2nd until 4rt fever were significantly higher than healthy subjects (420.263±158,496vs29, 475±23.443;p=0.000), but there was no significant difference in subjects with DF, DHF or DSS ( 436,47 ± 2 25 ,5 9 vs 42 2 ,7 7 ± 1 7 0, 55 vs 448, 50 ± 117,39; p =0. 8 44). Atypicallymphosite differ s significantly in healthy subjects than subjects infected with DENV an average of 2% (p= 0,000) . In conclusion, this shows the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation, which triggers the proliferation of lymphocytes.
由登革热病毒引起并由埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播的登革热感染是包括印度尼西亚在内的世界上的一个主要卫生问题。登革热感染的临床表现非常广泛，从无症状到登革休克综合征(DSS)。DENV会攻击巨噬细胞和树突状细胞(DC)并复制它们。单核细胞是血液中的巨噬细胞(±10%的白细胞)。巨噬细胞产生细胞因子和趋化因子，如单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2。感染DENV的单核细胞会表达MCP-1, MCP-1会增加血管内皮细胞的通透性，使它们有发生DHF/DSS的风险。巨噬细胞和DC分泌NS1蛋白，这是病毒复制所需的辅助因子，可在发热早期检测到。登革热感染中MCP-1水平升高，随后非典型淋巴细胞数量增加，这表明巨噬细胞和单核细胞到达触发增殖的炎症部位，而不是淋巴细胞。这是一项横断面设计的观察性分析研究，旨在确定登革热感染患者发烧第1天至第4天并存在非典型淋巴细胞的MCP-1水平。采用快速检测法检测登革热感染NS1阳性或阴性，ELISA夹心法检测MCP-1水平。60例登革热感染NS-1快速阳性或阴性伴2 ~ 4rt发热的患者MCP-1水平均显著高于健康组(420.263±158,496vs 29,475±23.443;p=0.000)，而DF、DHF和DSS组的MCP-1水平差异无统计学意义(436,47±2,25,5 9 vs 42,7 7±17,0,55 vs 448,50±117,39;p = 0。8 44)。非典型淋巴体在健康受试者中与DENV感染受试者的差异显著，平均为2% (p= 0000)。综上所述，这表明巨噬细胞和单核细胞到达炎症部位，触发淋巴细胞的增殖。
{"title":"MCP-1 LEVELS AND ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES IN EARLY FEVER OF DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION WITH NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1 (NS-1) ANTIGEN TEST IN dr DARSONO HOSPITAL, PACITAN","authors":"Indah Agustiningrum, J. Nugraha, Hartono Kahar","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.12696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i1.12696","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue infection caused by DENV and transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is a major health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Clinical manifestations of dengue infection are very widely, from asymptomatic until dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV will attack macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) and replicate them. Monocytes are mac rophages in the blood (±10% leukocytes). Macrophages produce cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 . The monocytes that are infected with DENV will express MCP-1, which will increase the permeability of vascular endothelial cells so that they have a risk of developing DHF/DSS. Macrophages and DC secrete NS1 proteins, which are the co-factors that are needed for viral replication and can be detected in the early phase of fever. The increased MCP-1 levels in dengue infection followed by an increase in the number of atypical lymphocytes indicate the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation which triggers proliferation rather than lymphocytes. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design to determine the MCP-1 level in dengue infection patients with 1st until the 4th day of fever and the presence of atypical lymphocytes. Dengue infection was determined by rapid tests NS1 positive or negative and MCP-1 levels were measured using by ELISA sandwich method.MCP-1 level of sixty patients dengue infection NS-1 rapid positive or negative with 2nd until 4rt fever were significantly higher than healthy subjects (420.263±158,496vs29, 475±23.443;p=0.000), but there was no significant difference in subjects with DF, DHF or DSS ( 436,47 ± 2 25 ,5 9 vs 42 2 ,7 7 ± 1 7 0, 55 vs 448, 50 ± 117,39; p =0. 8 44). Atypicallymphosite differ s significantly in healthy subjects than subjects infected with DENV an average of 2% (p= 0,000) . In conclusion, this shows the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation, which triggers the proliferation of lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":"8 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48436323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i3.10280
IJTID Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Dise
{"title":"FRONT MATTER","authors":"IJTID Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Dise","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i3.10280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i3.10280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43655550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10385
Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti
Vector-borne mosquito diseases are still as a public health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Many of mosquitoes species are significantly as vectors of patogen, such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, and helminths due to human health. Samborejo Village is one of filariasis endemic areas and it is still in a high mf-rate. Each of mosquito species has a differential of distribution, bioactivities pattern, and type of habitat of their breeding sites with others. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, dominancy, and periodicity pattern of mosquitoes during night time in Samborejo Village Tirto Distric Pekalongan Regency. Mosquitoes collections were done by landing method, from 6 pm - 6 am of in an hour period of collection, for biting and resting activities and also for indoor and outdoor collection respectively. Mosquitoes were then identified and the diversity was analized by Shannon-Wienner Index. The total number of each species was served in percent. Totally there were 339 collected mosquitoes, consisting of 165 (48.67%) females and 174 (51.33%) males. Of all, there were 4 species identified which were Culex quinquefasciatus (92.1%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (0.6%), Culex vishnui (1.8%), and Aedes aegypti (5.5%). Samborejo Village showed in low diversity with the index of 0.338, and Cx. quinquefasciatus to be the dominant species in this area. Culex quinquefasciatus also became the frequent species in each period of collection for indoor and outdoor, and it showed the indoor active biting at 9 pm, 01 am, and 03 am; furthermore, the outdoor active biting was at midnight (00) and at 03 am. However, Aedes mosquitoe was showed active biting in earlier, it was at 6 pm, 7 pm, and at 02 am.
{"title":"DIVERSITY, DOMINANCY, AND PERIODICITY OF MOSQUITOES IN FILARIASIS ENDEMIC AREAS IN SAMBOREJO VILLAGE TIRTO DISTRICT PEKALONGAN REGENCY","authors":"Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10385","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-borne mosquito diseases are still as a public health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Many of mosquitoes species are significantly as vectors of patogen, such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, and helminths due to human health. Samborejo Village is one of filariasis endemic areas and it is still in a high mf-rate. Each of mosquito species has a differential of distribution, bioactivities pattern, and type of habitat of their breeding sites with others. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, dominancy, and periodicity pattern of mosquitoes during night time in Samborejo Village Tirto Distric Pekalongan Regency. Mosquitoes collections were done by landing method, from 6 pm - 6 am of in an hour period of collection, for biting and resting activities and also for indoor and outdoor collection respectively. Mosquitoes were then identified and the diversity was analized by Shannon-Wienner Index. The total number of each species was served in percent. Totally there were 339 collected mosquitoes, consisting of 165 (48.67%) females and 174 (51.33%) males. Of all, there were 4 species identified which were Culex quinquefasciatus (92.1%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (0.6%), Culex vishnui (1.8%), and Aedes aegypti (5.5%). Samborejo Village showed in low diversity with the index of 0.338, and Cx. quinquefasciatus to be the dominant species in this area. Culex quinquefasciatus also became the frequent species in each period of collection for indoor and outdoor, and it showed the indoor active biting at 9 pm, 01 am, and 03 am; furthermore, the outdoor active biting was at midnight (00) and at 03 am. However, Aedes mosquitoe was showed active biting in earlier, it was at 6 pm, 7 pm, and at 02 am.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41803516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10389
M. Martini
North Semarang sub-district is located on the coast of the Java Sea. The coastal area is characterized by high salt content on both the ground and the water compare to other areas. The high salt content environment should have limited the breeding of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) vectors; yet, quite high incidents of DHF cases are reported taken place in North Semarang coastal area. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of DHF incidence, characteristic of cases, and bionomics vector in the coastal area of North Semarang sub-district. This study was applied descriptive observational design to analyze samples consisting of 62 dengue cases and 184 houses. The research variables consisted of coordinate of DHF cases, water salinity, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Aedes species. Data were processed using SPSS in a bivariate manner; while, mapping was analyzed spatially using ArcGIS 10.3. A total of 184 houses were surveyed and 55 cases of DHF were identified. Most cases occurred in 6 -16 year age group (47.3%), water salinity ranged from 2-3%, indicating that the water in the coastal area tended to be brackish water. The results of the Pearson Correlation test showed that there was no relationship between HI and Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF in North Semarang District. Aedes aegypti was identified in a positive container, otherwise Aedes albopictus was not found. DHF cases mostly occurred in school age groups, and were distributed in all villages near or far from the beach. DHF vector could breed in areas with little brackish water, so that dengue transmission might occur in this area.
{"title":"INCIDENCE OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) IN SEMARANG COASTAL AREA: EPIDEMIOLOGY DESCRIPTIVE CASE AND BIONOMIC VECTOR","authors":"M. Martini","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10389","url":null,"abstract":"North Semarang sub-district is located on the coast of the Java Sea. The coastal area is characterized by high salt content on both the ground and the water compare to other areas. The high salt content environment should have limited the breeding of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) vectors; yet, quite high incidents of DHF cases are reported taken place in North Semarang coastal area. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of DHF incidence, characteristic of cases, and bionomics vector in the coastal area of North Semarang sub-district. This study was applied descriptive observational design to analyze samples consisting of 62 dengue cases and 184 houses. The research variables consisted of coordinate of DHF cases, water salinity, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Aedes species. Data were processed using SPSS in a bivariate manner; while, mapping was analyzed spatially using ArcGIS 10.3. A total of 184 houses were surveyed and 55 cases of DHF were identified. Most cases occurred in 6 -16 year age group (47.3%), water salinity ranged from 2-3%, indicating that the water in the coastal area tended to be brackish water. The results of the Pearson Correlation test showed that there was no relationship between HI and Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF in North Semarang District. Aedes aegypti was identified in a positive container, otherwise Aedes albopictus was not found. DHF cases mostly occurred in school age groups, and were distributed in all villages near or far from the beach. DHF vector could breed in areas with little brackish water, so that dengue transmission might occur in this area.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43716041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.13454
I. Tantular
We have previously developed the WST-8 method as a simple and rapid screening test for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency accomplished by the naked eye. However, it was little difficult to distinguish between faint orange colors developed by heterozygous females and pink colors of normal hemolyzed blood, since both have similar tones. To solve this problem, we established a new and simple screening method that utilizes another formazan substrate, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide) in combination with a hydrogen carrier, 1-methoxy phenazine methosulfate. MTT formazan exhibits a purple color, thus allowing for the ability to easily distinguish the pink colors of hemolyzed blood. However, MTT has been reported to react with hemoglobin non-specifically and to interfere with the interpretation of the color reaction. In our examinations by mixing MTT with hemolyzed blood, we found that the non-specific reaction was very slow, and that the addition of a small amount of blood (5~10 μl) into a reaction mixture (800 μl) did not interfere with the reaction of G6PD activity. In this new MTT method, a strong purple color was generated in normal blood samples at 20~30 min after incubation, which could be distinguished by the naked eye from G6PD-deficient blood samples with less than 50% residual activity. In addition, quantitative measurement using a spectrophotometer was also possible despite the fact that MTT formazan is water-insoluble.
{"title":"MTT FORMAZAN REPLACED WST-8 AS A BETTER SIMPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR DETECTION OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY","authors":"I. Tantular","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.13454","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously developed the WST-8 method as a simple and rapid screening test for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency accomplished by the naked eye. However, it was little difficult to distinguish between faint orange colors developed by heterozygous females and pink colors of normal hemolyzed blood, since both have similar tones. To solve this problem, we established a new and simple screening method that utilizes another formazan substrate, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide) in combination with a hydrogen carrier, 1-methoxy phenazine methosulfate. MTT formazan exhibits a purple color, thus allowing for the ability to easily distinguish the pink colors of hemolyzed blood. However, MTT has been reported to react with hemoglobin non-specifically and to interfere with the interpretation of the color reaction. In our examinations by mixing MTT with hemolyzed blood, we found that the non-specific reaction was very slow, and that the addition of a small amount of blood (5~10 μl) into a reaction mixture (800 μl) did not interfere with the reaction of G6PD activity. In this new MTT method, a strong purple color was generated in normal blood samples at 20~30 min after incubation, which could be distinguished by the naked eye from G6PD-deficient blood samples with less than 50% residual activity. In addition, quantitative measurement using a spectrophotometer was also possible despite the fact that MTT formazan is water-insoluble.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10392
L. T. Suwanti
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites infection are one of the major constraints cattle farm in tropical countries including Indonesia and some of GI parasites in cattle have the potential to transmit to humans. This study was aimed to identify and determine the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in beef cattle in Siak Sri Indrapura District, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted on 100 beef cattle consisted of, respectively, 32, 34 and 34 cattles from Bungaraya, Sabak Auh, and Dayun sub-district. The characteristic of sample such as age and sex cattle, cage management, feed and drinking water were recorded. Native, sedimentation and sucrose flotation methods were used to find protozoa and eggs worm. We assessed GI parasites based on finding eggs worm, protozoan cyst and coccidial oocysts in stool samples and identification of GI parasite was based on the morphology and size of the eggs worm and cysts or oocysts of protozoan. The result showed that all of 100 feces samples that examined 100% positive infection for parasites. There were eleven types of gastrointestinal parasites that have been identified, 6 genera of protozoan and 5 genera of worms. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in beef cattles in Siak Sri Indrapura District were Blastocystis sp. (100%), Entamoeba sp. (90%), Eimeria sp. (53%), Giardia sp. (7%), Balantidium coli (4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2%) Oesophagustomum sp. (45%), Toxocara vitulorum (20%), Moniezia expansa (9%), Trichuris sp. (5%), and Fasciola sp. (4%). In conclusion, Siak Sri Indrapura Riau is an endemic GI parasite and this can threaten the health of livestock and potentially as a zoonotic transmission.
胃肠道寄生虫感染是包括印度尼西亚在内的热带国家养牛场的主要限制因素之一，牛身上的一些胃肠道寄生虫有可能传播给人类。本研究旨在确定和确定印度尼西亚廖内省Siak Sri Indrapura区肉牛胃肠道（GI）寄生虫的流行水平。本研究对来自Bungaraya、Sabak Auh和大运街道的100头肉牛进行了研究，分别为32头、34头和34头。记录了牛的年龄和性别、笼舍管理、饲料和饮用水等样本特征。采用自然法、沉淀法和蔗糖浮选法寻找原生动物和卵虫。我们根据在粪便样本中发现的卵蠕虫、原生动物囊肿和球虫卵囊来评估胃肠道寄生虫，并根据卵蠕虫和原生动物囊肿或卵囊的形态和大小来鉴定胃肠道寄生虫。结果显示，所有100份粪便样本检测出100%的寄生虫感染阳性。已鉴定出11种胃肠道寄生虫，其中原生动物6属，蠕虫5属。Siak Sri Indrapura区肉牛胃肠道寄生虫的患病率为芽囊虫属（100%）、内阿米巴属（90%）、艾美耳球虫属（53%）、贾第鞭毛虫属（7%）、巴兰蒂菌属（4%）、隐孢子虫属（2%）食管口菌属（45%）、肉毒毒素属（20%）、扩张莫尼菌属（9%）、特里彻斯菌属（5%）和筋膜藻属（4%。总之，Siak Sri Indrapura Riau是一种地方性胃肠道寄生虫，这可能威胁牲畜的健康，并可能成为人畜共患传染病。
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN BEEF CATTLE IN SIAK SRI INDRAPURA, RIAU, INDONESIA","authors":"L. T. Suwanti","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.10392","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites infection are one of the major constraints cattle farm in tropical countries including Indonesia and some of GI parasites in cattle have the potential to transmit to humans. This study was aimed to identify and determine the level of prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in beef cattle in Siak Sri Indrapura District, Riau Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted on 100 beef cattle consisted of, respectively, 32, 34 and 34 cattles from Bungaraya, Sabak Auh, and Dayun sub-district. The characteristic of sample such as age and sex cattle, cage management, feed and drinking water were recorded. Native, sedimentation and sucrose flotation methods were used to find protozoa and eggs worm. We assessed GI parasites based on finding eggs worm, protozoan cyst and coccidial oocysts in stool samples and identification of GI parasite was based on the morphology and size of the eggs worm and cysts or oocysts of protozoan. The result showed that all of 100 feces samples that examined 100% positive infection for parasites. There were eleven types of gastrointestinal parasites that have been identified, 6 genera of protozoan and 5 genera of worms. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in beef cattles in Siak Sri Indrapura District were Blastocystis sp. (100%), Entamoeba sp. (90%), Eimeria sp. (53%), Giardia sp. (7%), Balantidium coli (4%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2%) Oesophagustomum sp. (45%), Toxocara vitulorum (20%), Moniezia expansa (9%), Trichuris sp. (5%), and Fasciola sp. (4%). In conclusion, Siak Sri Indrapura Riau is an endemic GI parasite and this can threaten the health of livestock and potentially as a zoonotic transmission.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49605673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952
Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari
Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.
土壤传播性蠕虫(STH)感染是印度尼西亚的健康问题之一，有其环境和社会基础。它被归类为被忽视的疾病。印尼政府已经制定了根除计划，但缺乏评估和监测计划的支持。本研究的目的是确定巴厘岛Karangasem县Ngis村小学中与STH感染相关的各危险因素的流行情况及其相互关系。本研究采用横断面研究方法进行分析描述。根据纳入和排除标准从人群中选择样本。采用问卷调查法收集可疑危险因素的初步资料。采用加藤-卡茨修正法进行诊断。数据采用卡方分析，置信区间为95%或p值≤0.05为显著性。本研究共纳入138名学生，年龄中位数为9(6-13)岁。总感染率为10.1%，其中单一感染为78.6%，混合感染为21.4%。男性感染STH的比例高于女性，但统计学上不显著。感染STH与便后不洗手、玩土后不洗手、赤脚、不剪指甲和常规服用抗虫药等危险因素有显著关系。在Ngis村，感染STH的最高风险因素是没有可用和适当的厕所。(OR = 33.9;95% ci = 5.749 - -199.769)。感染STH的流行率相当高，感染程度轻至中度，危险因素是卫生条件差和厕所有限。实施监测和评估可以努力控制风险因素和阻止STH传播链。
{"title":"PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND RISK FACTORS OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTIONS AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NGIS VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI","authors":"Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.9952","url":null,"abstract":"Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47485169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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