Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36053
Mutiara Widawati, M. Ipa, E. Astuti, T. Wahono, Yuneu Yuliasih
Vector Borne Diseases are diseases that cause many problems. These diseases are spread by mosquitoes as the vectors. They transmit parasites to humans through their bites. The people who live in Indonesia have several characteristics that make them vulnerable to these diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore these characteristics in order to gain better prevention promotional targeting strategy. This study aims to determine the factors that can influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. The data from a nationwide survey research were used with a cross sectional design conducted once in every five years. The Riskesdas was conducted from April to May 2018 in all districts in Indonesia. The influencing factors observed were including experience of exposure to vector borne diseases (malaria or filariasis), gender, age group, education level and area of residence. This study conducted a multivariate test using logistic regression analysis to determine the factors that influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour. The results demonstrated that the factors of experience of exposure to vector borne diseases, gender, age group, education level and area of residence could determine the mosquitoes bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. Respondents who have experience of being exposed to malaria or filaria, under 60 years old, women, college graduates, and rural communities are more likely to prevent mosquito bites, therefore they could be empowered in promoting public awareness towards mosquito bites prevention.
{"title":"The Activities on Prevention of Malaria and Filariasis Vector Bites among Indonesian Society: A Nationwide Disease Prevention Survey","authors":"Mutiara Widawati, M. Ipa, E. Astuti, T. Wahono, Yuneu Yuliasih","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36053","url":null,"abstract":"Vector Borne Diseases are diseases that cause many problems. These diseases are spread by mosquitoes as the vectors. They transmit parasites to humans through their bites. The people who live in Indonesia have several characteristics that make them vulnerable to these diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore these characteristics in order to gain better prevention promotional targeting strategy. This study aims to determine the factors that can influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. The data from a nationwide survey research were used with a cross sectional design conducted once in every five years. The Riskesdas was conducted from April to May 2018 in all districts in Indonesia. The influencing factors observed were including experience of exposure to vector borne diseases (malaria or filariasis), gender, age group, education level and area of residence. This study conducted a multivariate test using logistic regression analysis to determine the factors that influence mosquito bite prevention behaviour. The results demonstrated that the factors of experience of exposure to vector borne diseases, gender, age group, education level and area of residence could determine the mosquitoes bite prevention behaviour in Indonesian society. Respondents who have experience of being exposed to malaria or filaria, under 60 years old, women, college graduates, and rural communities are more likely to prevent mosquito bites, therefore they could be empowered in promoting public awareness towards mosquito bites prevention.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33118
Yenny Widowati, Y. Sugiri, Ngakan Putu, N. Setijowati
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. Of all people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis only a small proportion develops into TB. IL 23 is the key cytokine in the pathogenesis of TB infection. This study aims to determine the association of IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism with susceptibility and disease severity of Pulmonary TB. A case control study involved 105 people consisting of 31 drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients, 40 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary TB and 34 healthy subjects as a control. IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism G allele increases susceptibility to both TB drug-sensitive and drug-resistant. G and A allele, AA and AG genotypes indicates (p value >0.05) in correlation with disease severity based on lesion in chest x-ray and high load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. There was a significant relationship between allele A and susceptibility to pulmonary TB with an odds ratio of 0.231. It showed that patients with A alleles (AG and AA genotypes) were at risk of developing TB by 1/0.231 = 4.33 times lower than patients with GG genotypes. Meanwhile, the relationship of the G allele with susceptibility to pulmonary TB obtained (p value <0.05) and an odds ratio value of 0.127 indicating that patients with G alleles (GG and AG genotypes) were at risk of developing TB of 1/0.127 = 7.87 times higher than in patients with the AA genotype. Conclusion: We found significant correlation between IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism G allele with susceptibility to pulmonary TB, but the result was not significant with disease severity.
{"title":"Association of IL – 23 R rs 7518660 Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility and Disease Severity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"Yenny Widowati, Y. Sugiri, Ngakan Putu, N. Setijowati","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33118","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. Of all people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis only a small proportion develops into TB. IL 23 is the key cytokine in the pathogenesis of TB infection. This study aims to determine the association of IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism with susceptibility and disease severity of Pulmonary TB. A case control study involved 105 people consisting of 31 drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients, 40 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary TB and 34 healthy subjects as a control. IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism G allele increases susceptibility to both TB drug-sensitive and drug-resistant. G and A allele, AA and AG genotypes indicates (p value >0.05) in correlation with disease severity based on lesion in chest x-ray and high load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. There was a significant relationship between allele A and susceptibility to pulmonary TB with an odds ratio of 0.231. It showed that patients with A alleles (AG and AA genotypes) were at risk of developing TB by 1/0.231 = 4.33 times lower than patients with GG genotypes. Meanwhile, the relationship of the G allele with susceptibility to pulmonary TB obtained (p value <0.05) and an odds ratio value of 0.127 indicating that patients with G alleles (GG and AG genotypes) were at risk of developing TB of 1/0.127 = 7.87 times higher than in patients with the AA genotype. Conclusion: We found significant correlation between IL-23 R rs 7518660 gene polymorphism G allele with susceptibility to pulmonary TB, but the result was not significant with disease severity.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32908
Fauziah Adhima, M. Wahyunitisari, R. Prasetyo, R. Setiabudi
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in pediatric patients characterized by the growth of bacteria in the urine in significant numbers. Antibiotics remain the primary treatment of UTI in children. However, there has been an increase in antibiotic resistance to uropathogens worldwide due to their inappropriate and extensive uses. There is considerable geographical variation in the distribution of bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern. Thus, to prevent further resistance and provide empirical antibiotic options, this study aims to determine the profile of bacteria and antibiotics resistance pattern among UTI pediatric patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. This study was performed by collecting data from the urine culture logbook at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in July-October 2019. The sample was UTI patients aged one day – 18 years due to bacterial infection with a colony count of ≥100,000 CFU/ml. In this study, 131 patients showed significant bacterial growth dominated by males and ages one month – 2 years. UTI were caused by gram-negative bacteria (74%) and gram-positive bacteria (26%), with the most bacteria found in each group were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. E. coli showed ≥70% resistance to ampicillin, cefazoline, piperacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Comorbidities were dominated by hydronephrosis (10.98%), chronic kidney disease (9.79%) and hydrocephalus (8.09%). In conclusion, gram-negative bacteria were the leading cause of UTI in children with E. coli as the most common uropathogen, highly resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. Gram-positive bacteria were less frequent with varied resistance patterns. Most common comorbidity was hydronephrosis.
{"title":"Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"Fauziah Adhima, M. Wahyunitisari, R. Prasetyo, R. Setiabudi","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32908","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in pediatric patients characterized by the growth of bacteria in the urine in significant numbers. Antibiotics remain the primary treatment of UTI in children. However, there has been an increase in antibiotic resistance to uropathogens worldwide due to their inappropriate and extensive uses. There is considerable geographical variation in the distribution of bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern. Thus, to prevent further resistance and provide empirical antibiotic options, this study aims to determine the profile of bacteria and antibiotics resistance pattern among UTI pediatric patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. This study was performed by collecting data from the urine culture logbook at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in July-October 2019. The sample was UTI patients aged one day – 18 years due to bacterial infection with a colony count of ≥100,000 CFU/ml. In this study, 131 patients showed significant bacterial growth dominated by males and ages one month – 2 years. UTI were caused by gram-negative bacteria (74%) and gram-positive bacteria (26%), with the most bacteria found in each group were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. E. coli showed ≥70% resistance to ampicillin, cefazoline, piperacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Comorbidities were dominated by hydronephrosis (10.98%), chronic kidney disease (9.79%) and hydrocephalus (8.09%). In conclusion, gram-negative bacteria were the leading cause of UTI in children with E. coli as the most common uropathogen, highly resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. Gram-positive bacteria were less frequent with varied resistance patterns. Most common comorbidity was hydronephrosis.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33381
Lisbeth Maria Laurentia, R. Effendi
Cases of COVID-19 in the elderly show varied clinical characteristics. Elderly patients tend to be easily infected with COVID-19 and experience more severe conditions. This study aims to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics of elderly COVID-19 patients and severity of COVID-19 disease at Waikabubak Regional General Hospital. Retrospective study from the medical records of elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Waikabubak Regional General Hospital in March 2020 – September 2021. Inclusion criteria were elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent treatment in COVID isolation room and did rapid antigen examination. The data collected were demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiological features, comorbid, and outcomes. Data analysis using SPPS for Window 12.0 version. There were 33 patients with 18 men and 15 women. Patients aged 65-74 are the most infected with COVID-19 and experience more severe conditions. Patients with no previous vaccine history were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Elderly patients with obesity tend to experience severe COVID-19 symptoms. Elderly patients with multi-comorbidities tend to experience severe COVID-19 symptoms. Dominant clinical symptoms in elderly patients were cough (33%), shortness of breath (25%) and fever (21%). Hematologic parameters that correlated with severity were hemoglobin, platelets, NLR, ALC and RBG. The most common radiological findings were bilateral infiltrates (92%). Mortality rate of elderly COVID-19 patients treated at the Waikabubak Regional General Hospital still tends to be high (42%). Age, vaccine history, obesity, shortness of breath, multi-comorbidities, laboratory and radiology significantly influence the severity of COVID-19 infection in the elderly.
{"title":"Clinical Profiles, Laboratory, Radiological and Outcome of COVID-19 Elderly Patients in Waikabubak Regional General Hospital, West Sumba","authors":"Lisbeth Maria Laurentia, R. Effendi","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33381","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of COVID-19 in the elderly show varied clinical characteristics. Elderly patients tend to be easily infected with COVID-19 and experience more severe conditions. This study aims to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics of elderly COVID-19 patients and severity of COVID-19 disease at Waikabubak Regional General Hospital. Retrospective study from the medical records of elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Waikabubak Regional General Hospital in March 2020 – September 2021. Inclusion criteria were elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent treatment in COVID isolation room and did rapid antigen examination. The data collected were demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiological features, comorbid, and outcomes. Data analysis using SPPS for Window 12.0 version. There were 33 patients with 18 men and 15 women. Patients aged 65-74 are the most infected with COVID-19 and experience more severe conditions. Patients with no previous vaccine history were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Elderly patients with obesity tend to experience severe COVID-19 symptoms. Elderly patients with multi-comorbidities tend to experience severe COVID-19 symptoms. Dominant clinical symptoms in elderly patients were cough (33%), shortness of breath (25%) and fever (21%). Hematologic parameters that correlated with severity were hemoglobin, platelets, NLR, ALC and RBG. The most common radiological findings were bilateral infiltrates (92%). Mortality rate of elderly COVID-19 patients treated at the Waikabubak Regional General Hospital still tends to be high (42%). Age, vaccine history, obesity, shortness of breath, multi-comorbidities, laboratory and radiology significantly influence the severity of COVID-19 infection in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43938977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.29378
Fatmasari, F. Syahrul, Zakiah Darajat, Eva Flourentina Kusuma
One of the infectious diseases that emerged in Indonesia in 2020 has been designated as a COVID-19 pandemic since March 11, 2020, and until now, the pandemic has not been completed. Surveillance has a role in providing information on targeted disease control activities; analyzed the COVID-19 surveillance system based on the current system approach at the Makassar City Health Office. Methods This research is a descriptive observational study conducted in September-October 2020. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with people who were key informants of COVID-19 surveillance activities. There are four informants in this study. In addition, secondary data was obtained from the P2P field regarding COVID-19 cases. In general, the Input component has not been fulfilled; HR has multiple tasks, the job desk is irregular, and several important forms are not used in the methods section. The process component has been running but has not been maximized because there are still incomplete data, no reports based on the PE form, the All-Record TC-19 information system has not been used, and data analysis is still incomplete, data analysis is not equipped with data interpretation. In the Output component, the success rate for public health surveillance criteria has not been evaluated, and the dissemination of information has been carried out well across sectors. The implementation of COVID-19 surveillance at the Makassar City Health Office has been carried out well, but some things are still not optimal.
{"title":"Analysis of COVID-19 Surveillance System at Makassar City Health Office 2020","authors":"Fatmasari, F. Syahrul, Zakiah Darajat, Eva Flourentina Kusuma","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.29378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.29378","url":null,"abstract":"One of the infectious diseases that emerged in Indonesia in 2020 has been designated as a COVID-19 pandemic since March 11, 2020, and until now, the pandemic has not been completed. Surveillance has a role in providing information on targeted disease control activities; analyzed the COVID-19 surveillance system based on the current system approach at the Makassar City Health Office. Methods This research is a descriptive observational study conducted in September-October 2020. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with people who were key informants of COVID-19 surveillance activities. There are four informants in this study. In addition, secondary data was obtained from the P2P field regarding COVID-19 cases. In general, the Input component has not been fulfilled; HR has multiple tasks, the job desk is irregular, and several important forms are not used in the methods section. The process component has been running but has not been maximized because there are still incomplete data, no reports based on the PE form, the All-Record TC-19 information system has not been used, and data analysis is still incomplete, data analysis is not equipped with data interpretation. In the Output component, the success rate for public health surveillance criteria has not been evaluated, and the dissemination of information has been carried out well across sectors. The implementation of COVID-19 surveillance at the Makassar City Health Office has been carried out well, but some things are still not optimal.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36477
N. N. Juliasih, T. H. Sucipto, Reny Mareta Sari, Z. Nuha, S. Soegijanto
Dengue virus infection is caused by a dengue virus transmitted through mosquito bites from species Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. The Ministry of Health takes action to reduce the prevalence of DHF by regulating the management of PSN 3M Plus. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and compliance with the management of PSN 3M Plus strategies of those living in Surabaya. A cross-sectional population-based google form questionnaire was conducted in January 2022 for four weeks (January 3, 2022, to January 29, 2022). Based on the bivariate analysis, gender and age of respondents were no relationship between compliance with the PSN 3M Plus (p-value >0.05). The results also showed no relationship between education and adherence to PSN 3M Plus (p-value > 0.05). However, based on previous studies, people with higher education showed better compliance. Public knowledge and attitude about the dengue virus and its transmission process can be increased by developing, modifying, and intervening in the people controlling dengue virus infection. Most people of Surabaya believe that dengue prevention is the complete responsibility of every people. Based on the bivariate analysis, the characteristics of respondents had no relationship with the PSN 3M Plus compliance (p-value > 0.05). Knowledge and attitudes of the Surabaya people toward PSN 3M Plus are still good. However, the characteristics of the respondents did not significantly affect their knowledge and attitudes
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes of Dengue Virus Infection Transmission and Its Relationship with Eradication Action Program in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"N. N. Juliasih, T. H. Sucipto, Reny Mareta Sari, Z. Nuha, S. Soegijanto","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.36477","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus infection is caused by a dengue virus transmitted through mosquito bites from species Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. The Ministry of Health takes action to reduce the prevalence of DHF by regulating the management of PSN 3M Plus. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and compliance with the management of PSN 3M Plus strategies of those living in Surabaya. A cross-sectional population-based google form questionnaire was conducted in January 2022 for four weeks (January 3, 2022, to January 29, 2022). Based on the bivariate analysis, gender and age of respondents were no relationship between compliance with the PSN 3M Plus (p-value >0.05). The results also showed no relationship between education and adherence to PSN 3M Plus (p-value > 0.05). However, based on previous studies, people with higher education showed better compliance. Public knowledge and attitude about the dengue virus and its transmission process can be increased by developing, modifying, and intervening in the people controlling dengue virus infection. Most people of Surabaya believe that dengue prevention is the complete responsibility of every people. Based on the bivariate analysis, the characteristics of respondents had no relationship with the PSN 3M Plus compliance (p-value > 0.05). Knowledge and attitudes of the Surabaya people toward PSN 3M Plus are still good. However, the characteristics of the respondents did not significantly affect their knowledge and attitudes","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43077574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33768
Winnery Dhestina, P. Santoso, E. Sahiratmadja
As the third-highest country with tuberculosis (TB) incidence worldwide in 2020, Indonesia has increasing TB cases resistant to various anti-TB therapy or multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB, and ranked fifth for its high incidence reported in Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Moreover, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is rising, and data studies on EPTB with MDR-TB in Indonesia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among TB cases in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A descriptive retrospective and cross-sectional study design were conducted, retrieving medical records from all suspect MDR-TB adult patients examined by GeneXpert®, at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java period 2012–2021. Those with EPTB were further analyzed, and the demographic data was collected as well as clinical history, behavioral history, sites of extrapulmonary MDR-TB, and drug resistance. Of a total 7,013 TB cases, 1,900 (27.1%) were MDR-TB cases, of whom 0.08% (n6) were extrapulmonary MDR-TB cases and 0.16% (n11) were combined with PTB. The main characteristics of cases with extrapulmonary MDR-TB were median age 27-year-old (range 25–34), male gender (64.7%), underweight BMI (84.6%), and predominantly were primary cases (35.3%). The anti-TB drug resistance in MDR-TB were pre-XDR-TB (11.7%), XDR-TB (5.6%), MDR-TB (42%), and RR-TB (40.7%). Although the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among all TB cases is small (0.2%), this disease can’t be ignored and has a great potential to be explored. Most of them are rifampicin-resistant. Further studies need to include a larger population to have more overview of MDR-TB with EPTB.
{"title":"Proportion of Extrapulmonary MDR-TB Confirmed by GeneXpert® in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, West Java, Indonesia Year 2012–2021","authors":"Winnery Dhestina, P. Santoso, E. Sahiratmadja","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.33768","url":null,"abstract":"As the third-highest country with tuberculosis (TB) incidence worldwide in 2020, Indonesia has increasing TB cases resistant to various anti-TB therapy or multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB, and ranked fifth for its high incidence reported in Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Moreover, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is rising, and data studies on EPTB with MDR-TB in Indonesia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among TB cases in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A descriptive retrospective and cross-sectional study design were conducted, retrieving medical records from all suspect MDR-TB adult patients examined by GeneXpert®, at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java period 2012–2021. Those with EPTB were further analyzed, and the demographic data was collected as well as clinical history, behavioral history, sites of extrapulmonary MDR-TB, and drug resistance. Of a total 7,013 TB cases, 1,900 (27.1%) were MDR-TB cases, of whom 0.08% (n6) were extrapulmonary MDR-TB cases and 0.16% (n11) were combined with PTB. The main characteristics of cases with extrapulmonary MDR-TB were median age 27-year-old (range 25–34), male gender (64.7%), underweight BMI (84.6%), and predominantly were primary cases (35.3%). The anti-TB drug resistance in MDR-TB were pre-XDR-TB (11.7%), XDR-TB (5.6%), MDR-TB (42%), and RR-TB (40.7%). Although the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among all TB cases is small (0.2%), this disease can’t be ignored and has a great potential to be explored. Most of them are rifampicin-resistant. Further studies need to include a larger population to have more overview of MDR-TB with EPTB.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32631
B. Yanti, T. Zulfikar, Devi Afrina, Rudi Agustika
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease with an increasing number of infections in Indonesia. However, hypertension and diabetes are chronic diseases with high incidence in Aceh, there is still limited information regarding the demographics and clinical data of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to explain the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. A retrospective method was used to locate data from the medical record of COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the hospital between June-October 2020. The characteristics demographics, clinical data on admission, and outcomes were extracted from the medical record. In order to determine the comorbid relationship, the chi-square test was used for the laboratory tests and clinical outcomes. A total of 120 patients were included, and more than half were male 80 (60%) with 41-60 years of age at most (51.2%). Most of the patients had comorbid diabetes mellitus (40.5%), hypertension (28.9%), and chronic lung disease (8.3%). Furthermore, most COVID-19 was severe degrees 56 (46.3%). The patients with recovery are 92 (76.0%) and only 29 (24.0%) died. The neutrophilia, and comorbid had no relationship with the clinical outcome of COVID-19 (p >0.05). The Lymphopenia and degree of severity had relationship with clinical outcome (p> 0.05). Diabetes melitus and hypertension are the most common comorbid reported in the COVID-19 patients. The Inflammation markers, such as lymphocytes, can be used as an early warning to increase awareness in treating patients with severe disease.
{"title":"Clinical Identifiers, Comorbidities, and Outcomes among COVID-19 Confirmed Patients in Banda Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"B. Yanti, T. Zulfikar, Devi Afrina, Rudi Agustika","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i2.32631","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease with an increasing number of infections in Indonesia. However, hypertension and diabetes are chronic diseases with high incidence in Aceh, there is still limited information regarding the demographics and clinical data of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to explain the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. A retrospective method was used to locate data from the medical record of COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the hospital between June-October 2020. The characteristics demographics, clinical data on admission, and outcomes were extracted from the medical record. In order to determine the comorbid relationship, the chi-square test was used for the laboratory tests and clinical outcomes. A total of 120 patients were included, and more than half were male 80 (60%) with 41-60 years of age at most (51.2%). Most of the patients had comorbid diabetes mellitus (40.5%), hypertension (28.9%), and chronic lung disease (8.3%). Furthermore, most COVID-19 was severe degrees 56 (46.3%). The patients with recovery are 92 (76.0%) and only 29 (24.0%) died. The neutrophilia, and comorbid had no relationship with the clinical outcome of COVID-19 (p >0.05). The Lymphopenia and degree of severity had relationship with clinical outcome (p> 0.05). Diabetes melitus and hypertension are the most common comorbid reported in the COVID-19 patients. The Inflammation markers, such as lymphocytes, can be used as an early warning to increase awareness in treating patients with severe disease.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41974680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.31030
Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti, Gusti Putu Muliarta Aryana, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacil gram-positive bacteria, able to form spores and toxin, that is transmitted among humans through the fecal–oral route. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a typical nosocomial infection has been contributed to a signifi cant proportion of morbidity and mortality among in-patients with a case-fatality rate of 14% within 30 days after diagnosis. Profound culture and toxin examination for C. difficile are still minimal in many hospitals in various Asian countries. Consequently, C. difficile reports in Asia remain rare. Highly virulent form of C. difficile caused greater fatality and epidemics severity. Elderly age, hospitalization, exposure to antibiotics e.g., cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, and penicillin contributed as main risk factors. Hypervirulent strain BI/NAP1/027 demonstrated to carry CdtLoc gene locus encodes CD196 ADP-ribosyltransferase (CDT) or known as binary toxin. Virulence factors are TcdA, TcdB, CDTa CDTb in which hypersporulation and mutation of TcD gene by hypervirulent strain led to toxin hyperexpression. Early cases detection, building management team to evaluate patient positive with all C. difficile toxins, hand hygiene improvement, continuation of contact precautions after diarrhea resolution, audit of infection control, and restriction of antimicrobials should be implemented as preventative measures. Focus measures also should emphasize on development of vaccine of C. difficile to boost immune state of elderly people. This review aims to describe severity of disease caused by hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile strain, its mechanism or pathogenesis, risk factors, current treatment options available, along with proposed preventative measures and infection control.
{"title":"Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) by Hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 Strain: a Comprehensive Review of Toxigenicity, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Preventative Measures","authors":"Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti, Gusti Putu Muliarta Aryana, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.31030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.31030","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacil gram-positive bacteria, able to form spores and toxin, that is transmitted among humans through the fecal–oral route. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a typical nosocomial infection has been contributed to a signifi cant proportion of morbidity and mortality among in-patients with a case-fatality rate of 14% within 30 days after diagnosis. Profound culture and toxin examination for C. difficile are still minimal in many hospitals in various Asian countries. Consequently, C. difficile reports in Asia remain rare. Highly virulent form of C. difficile caused greater fatality and epidemics severity. Elderly age, hospitalization, exposure to antibiotics e.g., cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, and penicillin contributed as main risk factors. Hypervirulent strain BI/NAP1/027 demonstrated to carry CdtLoc gene locus encodes CD196 ADP-ribosyltransferase (CDT) or known as binary toxin. Virulence factors are TcdA, TcdB, CDTa CDTb in which hypersporulation and mutation of TcD gene by hypervirulent strain led to toxin hyperexpression. Early cases detection, building management team to evaluate patient positive with all C. difficile toxins, hand hygiene improvement, continuation of contact precautions after diarrhea resolution, audit of infection control, and restriction of antimicrobials should be implemented as preventative measures. Focus measures also should emphasize on development of vaccine of C. difficile to boost immune state of elderly people. This review aims to describe severity of disease caused by hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile strain, its mechanism or pathogenesis, risk factors, current treatment options available, along with proposed preventative measures and infection control.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.29377
Yuni Trisnawati, Firman Suryadi Rahman
The COVID-19 pandemic has been lasting more than a year. Until now, research on the analysis of an overview of COVID-19patients has not been carried out at RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 cases in RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya about the gender of patients, highest number of patients, the most recovered patient, the highest death rate occurred, and Case Fatality rate (CFR). This study is a descriptive observational study with a case series approach. The data used in this study were COVID-19 data from the application of online Hospital ditjen yankes from September 2020 to June 2021. The majority of COVID-19 cases occured in women (53.04 %). The COVID-19 patients mostly came to the hospital in June 2021, about 241. The most recovered patients in Oktober were 255 patients. The highest death rates occurred in June 2021 ware 47 patients. Case Fatality rate (CFR) is at 5.79 % because in June 2021 the health facilities were full, and cause patients did not get help quickly. Many patients have been forced to self-isolate at home so that they have worsened and fi nally died. Most COVID-19 patients who were treated at the RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya from 2020 to June 2021 occurred in women and the most patients who were admitted was in June 2021.
{"title":"An Overview of COVID-19 Patients in RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya from September 2020 to June 2021","authors":"Yuni Trisnawati, Firman Suryadi Rahman","doi":"10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.29377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v10i1.29377","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been lasting more than a year. Until now, research on the analysis of an overview of COVID-19patients has not been carried out at RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 cases in RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya about the gender of patients, highest number of patients, the most recovered patient, the highest death rate occurred, and Case Fatality rate (CFR). This study is a descriptive observational study with a case series approach. The data used in this study were COVID-19 data from the application of online Hospital ditjen yankes from September 2020 to June 2021. The majority of COVID-19 cases occured in women (53.04 %). The COVID-19 patients mostly came to the hospital in June 2021, about 241. The most recovered patients in Oktober were 255 patients. The highest death rates occurred in June 2021 ware 47 patients. Case Fatality rate (CFR) is at 5.79 % because in June 2021 the health facilities were full, and cause patients did not get help quickly. Many patients have been forced to self-isolate at home so that they have worsened and fi nally died. Most COVID-19 patients who were treated at the RSUD Bhakti Dharma Husada Surabaya from 2020 to June 2021 occurred in women and the most patients who were admitted was in June 2021.","PeriodicalId":13538,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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