Ryan Sandford, Ruchi Yadav, Emma K. Noble, Kelsey Sumner, Devyani Joshi, Sara Y. Tartof, Karen J. Wernli, Emily T. Martin, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K. Zimmerman, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Edward A. Belongia, Christina Carlson, Melissa Coughlin, Brendan Flannery, Brad Pearce, Eric Rogier
We describe humoral immune responses in 105 ambulatory patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. In dried blood spot (DBS) collected within 5 days of illness onset and during convalescence, we measured binding antibody (bAb) against ancestral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein using a commercial multiplex bead assay. Geometric mean bAb concentrations against RBD increased by a factor of 2.5 from 1258 to 3189 units/mL and by a factor of 47 against N protein from 5.5 to 259 units/mL between acute illness and convalescence; lower concentrations were associated with greater geometric mean ratios. Paired DBS specimens may be used to evaluate humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
{"title":"Antibody Response to Symptomatic Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Viruses, December 2021–June 2022","authors":"Ryan Sandford, Ruchi Yadav, Emma K. Noble, Kelsey Sumner, Devyani Joshi, Sara Y. Tartof, Karen J. Wernli, Emily T. Martin, Manjusha Gaglani, Richard K. Zimmerman, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Edward A. Belongia, Christina Carlson, Melissa Coughlin, Brendan Flannery, Brad Pearce, Eric Rogier","doi":"10.1111/irv.13339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe humoral immune responses in 105 ambulatory patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. In dried blood spot (DBS) collected within 5 days of illness onset and during convalescence, we measured binding antibody (bAb) against ancestral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein using a commercial multiplex bead assay. Geometric mean bAb concentrations against RBD increased by a factor of 2.5 from 1258 to 3189 units/mL and by a factor of 47 against N protein from 5.5 to 259 units/mL between acute illness and convalescence; lower concentrations were associated with greater geometric mean ratios. Paired DBS specimens may be used to evaluate humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Abdul Aleem, Katherine Roguski DeBord, Makhdum Ahmed, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman, Md Ariful Islam, A. S. M. Alamgir, M. Salimuzzaman, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Mahmudur Rahman, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Fahmida Chowdhury, A. Danielle Iuliano
Background
Global influenza-associated acute respiratory infections contribute to 3–5 million severe illnesses requiring hospitalization annually, with 90% of hospitalizations occurring among children < 5 years in developing countries. In Bangladesh, the inadequate availability of nationally representative, robust estimates of influenza-associated hospitalizations limits allocation of resources for prevention and control measures.
Methods
This study used data from the hospital-based influenza surveillance (HBIS) system in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2019 and healthcare utilization surveys to determine hospital utilization patterns in the catchment area. We estimated annual influenza-associated hospitalization numbers and rates for all age groups in Bangladesh using WHO methods, adjusted for a 6-day-a-week enrollment schedule, selective testing of specimens from children under five, and healthcare-seeking behavior, based on the proportion of symptomatic community participants seeking healthcare within the past week. We then estimated national hospitalization rates by multiplying age-specific hospitalization rates with the corresponding annual national census population.
Results
Annual influenza-associated hospitalization rates per 100,000 population for all ages ranged from 31 (95% CI: 27–36) in 2011 to 139 (95% CI: 130–149) in 2019. Children < 5 years old had the highest rates of influenza-associated hospitalization, ranging from 114 (95% CI: 90–138) in 2011 to 529 (95% CI: 481–578) in 2019, followed by adults aged ≥ 65 years with rates ranging from 46 (95% CI: 34–57) in 2012 to 252 (95% CI: 213–292) in 2019. The national hospitalization estimates for all ages during 2010–2019 ranged from 47,891 to 236,380 per year.
Conclusions
The impact of influenza-associated hospitalizations in Bangladesh may be considerable, particularly for young children and older adults. Targeted interventions, such as influenza vaccination for these age groups, should be prioritized and evaluated.
{"title":"Incidence of Hospitalization due to Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Infection During 2010–2019 in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Aleem, Katherine Roguski DeBord, Makhdum Ahmed, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman, Md Ariful Islam, A. S. M. Alamgir, M. Salimuzzaman, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Mahmudur Rahman, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Fahmida Chowdhury, A. Danielle Iuliano","doi":"10.1111/irv.13352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13352","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global influenza-associated acute respiratory infections contribute to 3–5 million severe illnesses requiring hospitalization annually, with 90% of hospitalizations occurring among children < 5 years in developing countries. In Bangladesh, the inadequate availability of nationally representative, robust estimates of influenza-associated hospitalizations limits allocation of resources for prevention and control measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used data from the hospital-based influenza surveillance (HBIS) system in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2019 and healthcare utilization surveys to determine hospital utilization patterns in the catchment area. We estimated annual influenza-associated hospitalization numbers and rates for all age groups in Bangladesh using WHO methods, adjusted for a 6-day-a-week enrollment schedule, selective testing of specimens from children under five, and healthcare-seeking behavior, based on the proportion of symptomatic community participants seeking healthcare within the past week. We then estimated national hospitalization rates by multiplying age-specific hospitalization rates with the corresponding annual national census population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Annual influenza-associated hospitalization rates per 100,000 population for all ages ranged from 31 (95% CI: 27–36) in 2011 to 139 (95% CI: 130–149) in 2019. Children < 5 years old had the highest rates of influenza-associated hospitalization, ranging from 114 (95% CI: 90–138) in 2011 to 529 (95% CI: 481–578) in 2019, followed by adults aged ≥ 65 years with rates ranging from 46 (95% CI: 34–57) in 2012 to 252 (95% CI: 213–292) in 2019. The national hospitalization estimates for all ages during 2010–2019 ranged from 47,891 to 236,380 per year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of influenza-associated hospitalizations in Bangladesh may be considerable, particularly for young children and older adults. Targeted interventions, such as influenza vaccination for these age groups, should be prioritized and evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazish Badar, Aamer Ikram, Muhammad Salman, Sidra Saeed, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Asiya Ashraf, Umer Farooq
Introduction
Amid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for diagnosis management and breaking down transmission chains. We designed a national external quality assessment panel (EQAP) for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection comprising working laboratories nationwide.
Methods
A molecular diagnostic EQA panel that consists of five samples for SARS CoV-2 testing was distributed to 141 public and private sector laboratories across country. These samples contain different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate the sensitivity of commercial kits available.
Results
Sensitivity among public and private sector laboratories was variable, particularly lower SARS-CoV-2 concentrations significantly increased the risk of false-negative tests, whereas Ct values of accurately tested SARS-CoV-2 specimens increased as concentration decreased. These findings highlighted that performance of used commercial kits was not significantly correlated to various extraction or PCR methods.
Conclusion
This study highlights the need for a national external quality assessment panel (EQAP) in the country to improve the quality of the healthcare system while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of results. Furthermore, EQAPs can help laboratories meet accreditation and regulatory requirements. However, continued participation in EQAP is recommended for quality enhancement of laboratories.
{"title":"External Quality Assessment Program for SARS-COV-2 Molecular Detection in Pakistan","authors":"Nazish Badar, Aamer Ikram, Muhammad Salman, Sidra Saeed, Hamza Ahmed Mirza, Abdul Ahad, Asiya Ashraf, Umer Farooq","doi":"10.1111/irv.13316","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for diagnosis management and breaking down transmission chains. We designed a national external quality assessment panel (EQAP) for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection comprising working laboratories nationwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A molecular diagnostic EQA panel that consists of five samples for SARS CoV-2 testing was distributed to 141 public and private sector laboratories across country. These samples contain different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate the sensitivity of commercial kits available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensitivity among public and private sector laboratories was variable, particularly lower SARS-CoV-2 concentrations significantly increased the risk of false-negative tests, whereas Ct values of accurately tested SARS-CoV-2 specimens increased as concentration decreased. These findings highlighted that performance of used commercial kits was not significantly correlated to various extraction or PCR methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the need for a national external quality assessment panel (EQAP) in the country to improve the quality of the healthcare system while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of results. Furthermore, EQAPs can help laboratories meet accreditation and regulatory requirements. However, continued participation in EQAP is recommended for quality enhancement of laboratories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Sinnathamby, F. Warburton, N. Andrews, N. L. Boddington, H. Zhao, J. Ellis, E. Tessier, M. Donati, A. J. Elliot, H. E. Hughes, R. Byford, G. E. Smith, M. Tripathy, S. Lusignan, M. Zambon, R. G. Pebody, “ Uptake and Impact of Vaccinating Primary School Children Against Influenza: Experiences in the Fourth Season of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination Programme, England, 2016/2017,” Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses16, no. 1 (2022): 113–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12898.
In the ‘Author Contributions’, the contributions of Mary A. Sinnathamby is missing. It should read as:
Mary Sinnathamby: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing. Fiona Warburton: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology. Nick Andrews: conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology. Nicola Boddington: data curation. Hongxin Zhao: data curation. Joanna Ellis: data curation. Elise Tessier: data curation. Matthew Donati: data curation. Alex Elliot: data curation. Helen Hughes: data curation. Rachel Byford: data curation. Gillian Smith: data curation. Manasa Tripathy: data curation. Simon de Lusignan: data curation. Maria Zambon: data curation. Richard Pebody: conceptualization, methodology, supervision.
We apologize for this error.
M.M. A. Sinnathamby、F. Warburton、N. Andrews、N. L. Boddington、H. Zhao、J. Ellis、E. Tessier、M. Donati、A. J. Elliot、H. E. Hughes、R. Byford、G. E. Smith、M. Tripathy、S. Lusignan、M. Zambon、R. G. Pebody，"为小学生接种流感疫苗的普及率和影响：2016/2017 年英格兰第四季活体减毒流感疫苗接种计划的经验"，《流感和其他呼吸道病毒》16，第 1 期（2022 年）：113-124，https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12898。 在 "作者贡献 "中，缺少 Mary A. Sinnathamby 的贡献。应改为：Mary Sinnathamby：构思、数据整理、形式分析、方法论、写作-原稿、写作-审阅和编辑。菲奥娜-沃伯顿（Fiona Warburton）：概念化、数据整理、形式分析、方法论。尼克-安德鲁斯（Nick Andrews）：概念化、形式分析、方法论。尼古拉-博丁顿（Nicola Boddington）：数据整理。Hongxin Zhao：数据整理乔安娜-埃利斯：数据整理Elise Tessier：数据整理马修-多纳蒂：数据整理Alex Elliot：数据整理Helen Hughes：数据整理Rachel Byford：数据整理Gillian Smith：数据整理Manasa Tripathy：数据整理Simon de Lusignan：数据整理Maria Zambon：数据整理Richard Pebody：构思、方法、监督。
{"title":"Correction to ‘Uptake and Impact of Vaccinating Primary School Children Against Influenza: Experiences in the Fourth Season of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination Programme, England, 2016/2017’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/irv.13349","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>M. A. Sinnathamby</span>, <span>F. Warburton</span>, <span>N. Andrews</span>, <span>N. L. Boddington</span>, <span>H. Zhao</span>, <span>J. Ellis</span>, <span>E. Tessier</span>, <span>M. Donati</span>, <span>A. J. Elliot</span>, <span>H. E. Hughes</span>, <span>R. Byford</span>, <span>G. E. Smith</span>, <span>M. Tripathy</span>, <span>S. Lusignan</span>, <span>M. Zambon</span>, <span>R. G. Pebody</span>, “ <span>Uptake and Impact of Vaccinating Primary School Children Against Influenza: Experiences in the Fourth Season of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination Programme, England, 2016/2017</span>,” <i>Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses</i> <span>16</span>, no. <span>1</span> (<span>2022</span>): <span>113</span>–<span>124</span>, https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12898.\u0000 </p><p>In the ‘Author Contributions’, the contributions of Mary A. Sinnathamby is missing. It should read as:</p><p><b>Mary Sinnathamby:</b> conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing. <b>Fiona Warburton:</b> conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology. <b>Nick Andrews:</b> conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology. <b>Nicola Boddington:</b> data curation. <b>Hongxin Zhao:</b> data curation. <b>Joanna Ellis:</b> data curation. <b>Elise Tessier:</b> data curation. <b>Matthew Donati:</b> data curation. <b>Alex Elliot:</b> data curation. <b>Helen Hughes:</b> data curation. <b>Rachel Byford:</b> data curation. <b>Gillian Smith:</b> data curation. <b>Manasa Tripathy:</b> data curation. <b>Simon de Lusignan:</b> data curation. <b>Maria Zambon:</b> data curation. <b>Richard Pebody:</b> conceptualization, methodology, supervision.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikki Turner, Nayyereh Aminisani, Sue Huang, Jane O'Donnell, Adrian Trenholme, David Broderick, Janine Paynter, Lorraine Castelino, Cameron Grant, Peter McIntyre
Background
Changes in the epidemiology of illnesses caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection following the COVID-19 pandemic are reported. The New Zealand (NZ) COVID-19 situation was unique; RSV community transmission was eliminated with the 2020 border closure, with a rapid and large increase in hospitalizations following the relaxation of social isolation measures and the opening of an exclusive border with Australia.
Methods
This active population-based surveillance compared the age-specific incidence and seasonality of RSV-associated hospitalizations in Auckland, NZ, for 2 years before and after the 2020 border closures. Hospitalisation rates between years were compared by age, ethnicity (European/other, Māori, Pacific and Asian) and socioeconomic group (1 = least, 5 = most deprived).
Results
There was no RSV transmission in 2020. In all other years, hospitalisation rates were highest for people of Pacific versus other ethnic groups and for people living in the most deprived quintile of households. RSV hospitalisation rates were higher in 2021 and 2022 than in 2018–19. The epidemic peak was higher in 2021, but not 2022, and the duration was shorter than in 2018–19. In 2021, the increase in RSV hospitalisation rates was significant across all age, sex, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. In 2022, the increase in hospitalisation rates was only significant in one age (1– < 3 years), one ethnic (Asian) and one socioeconomic group (quintile 2).
Conclusions
COVID pandemic responses altered RSV-related hospitalisation seasonal patterns. Atypical features of RSV hospitalisation epidemiology were the increase in rates in older children and young adults, which lessened in 2022. Despite these variations, RSV hospitalisations in NZ continue to disproportionately affect individuals of Pacific ethnicity and those living in more socioeconomically deprived households. Whilst future public health strategies focused on RSV disease mitigation need to consider the potential shifts in epidemiological patterns when the transmission is disrupted, these variances must be considered in the context of longer-standing patterns of unequal disease distribution.
{"title":"Comparison of the Burden and Temporal Pattern of Hospitalisations Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Before and After COVID-19 in New Zealand","authors":"Nikki Turner, Nayyereh Aminisani, Sue Huang, Jane O'Donnell, Adrian Trenholme, David Broderick, Janine Paynter, Lorraine Castelino, Cameron Grant, Peter McIntyre","doi":"10.1111/irv.13346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13346","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in the epidemiology of illnesses caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection following the COVID-19 pandemic are reported. The New Zealand (NZ) COVID-19 situation was unique; RSV community transmission was eliminated with the 2020 border closure, with a rapid and large increase in hospitalizations following the relaxation of social isolation measures and the opening of an exclusive border with Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This active population-based surveillance compared the age-specific incidence and seasonality of RSV-associated hospitalizations in Auckland, NZ, for 2 years before and after the 2020 border closures. Hospitalisation rates between years were compared by age, ethnicity (European/other, Māori, Pacific and Asian) and socioeconomic group (1 = <i>least</i>, 5 = <i>most deprived</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no RSV transmission in 2020. In all other years, hospitalisation rates were highest for people of Pacific versus other ethnic groups and for people living in the most deprived quintile of households. RSV hospitalisation rates were higher in 2021 and 2022 than in 2018–19. The epidemic peak was higher in 2021, but not 2022, and the duration was shorter than in 2018–19. In 2021, the increase in RSV hospitalisation rates was significant across all age, sex, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. In 2022, the increase in hospitalisation rates was only significant in one age (1– < 3 years), one ethnic (Asian) and one socioeconomic group (quintile 2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID pandemic responses altered RSV-related hospitalisation seasonal patterns. Atypical features of RSV hospitalisation epidemiology were the increase in rates in older children and young adults, which lessened in 2022. Despite these variations, RSV hospitalisations in NZ continue to disproportionately affect individuals of Pacific ethnicity and those living in more socioeconomically deprived households. Whilst future public health strategies focused on RSV disease mitigation need to consider the potential shifts in epidemiological patterns when the transmission is disrupted, these variances must be considered in the context of longer-standing patterns of unequal disease distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Hamid, Laura M. Grajeda, Oscar de Leon, Maria Renee Lopez, Herberth Maldonado, Ana Beatriz Gomez, Benjamin Lopman, Thomas F. Clasen, John P. McCracken
Background
The description of local seasonality patterns in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) incidence is important to guide the timing of administration of RSV immunization products.
Methods
We characterized RSV seasonality in Guatemala using the moving epidemic method (MEM) with absolute counts of RSV-associated acute respiratory infections (ARI) from hospital surveillance in Santa Rosa and Quetzaltenango departments of Guatemala.
Results
From Week 17 of 2008 through Week 16 of 2018, 8487 ARI cases tested positive for RSV by rRT-PCR. Season onsets varied up to 5 months; early seasons starting in late May to early August and finishing in September to November were most common, but late seasons starting in October to November and finishing in March to April were also observed. Both epidemic patterns had similar durations ranging from 4 to 6 months. Epidemic thresholds (the levels of virus activity that signal the onset and end of a seasonal epidemic) calculated prospectively using previous seasons' data captured between 70% and 99% of annual RSV detections. Onset weeks differed by 2–10 weeks, and offset weeks differed by 2–16 weeks between the two surveillance sites.
Conclusions
Variability in the timing of seasonal RSV epidemics in Guatemala demonstrates the difficulty in precisely predicting the timing of seasonal RSV epidemics based on onset weeks from past seasons and suggests that maximal reduction in RSV disease burden would be achieved through year-round vaccination and immunoprophylaxis administration to at-risk infants.
{"title":"Variability in the Timing of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemics in Guatemala, 2008–2018","authors":"Sarah Hamid, Laura M. Grajeda, Oscar de Leon, Maria Renee Lopez, Herberth Maldonado, Ana Beatriz Gomez, Benjamin Lopman, Thomas F. Clasen, John P. McCracken","doi":"10.1111/irv.13334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13334","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The description of local seasonality patterns in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) incidence is important to guide the timing of administration of RSV immunization products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We characterized RSV seasonality in Guatemala using the moving epidemic method (MEM) with absolute counts of RSV-associated acute respiratory infections (ARI) from hospital surveillance in Santa Rosa and Quetzaltenango departments of Guatemala.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From Week 17 of 2008 through Week 16 of 2018, 8487 ARI cases tested positive for RSV by rRT-PCR. Season onsets varied up to 5 months; early seasons starting in late May to early August and finishing in September to November were most common, but late seasons starting in October to November and finishing in March to April were also observed. Both epidemic patterns had similar durations ranging from 4 to 6 months. Epidemic thresholds (the levels of virus activity that signal the onset and end of a seasonal epidemic) calculated prospectively using previous seasons' data captured between 70% and 99% of annual RSV detections. Onset weeks differed by 2–10 weeks, and offset weeks differed by 2–16 weeks between the two surveillance sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variability in the timing of seasonal RSV epidemics in Guatemala demonstrates the difficulty in precisely predicting the timing of seasonal RSV epidemics based on onset weeks from past seasons and suggests that maximal reduction in RSV disease burden would be achieved through year-round vaccination and immunoprophylaxis administration to at-risk infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya-jun Guo, Lin Li, Qin-rui Lai, Ying-shuo Wang, Wei Li
Background
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has undertaken a variety of preventative and control measures, effectively reducing the incidence of numerous infectious diseases among the pediatric population in Hangzhou. We aim to investigate the genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) in pediatric patients during this period.
Methods
A total of 1442 pharyngeal swab samples were collected from outpatients and inpatients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) from November 2020 to March 2021. HPIV-3 was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The L gene of HPIV-3 positive samples was amplified and sequenced.
Results
Among 1442 children with ARTI, the positive rate of HPIV-3 was 7.07% (102/1442). The positive detection rate was the highest in the 6-month to 1-year age group. Coinfection was observed in 36 HPIV-3-positive samples (35.29%, 36/102), and adenovirus (ADV) was the most common coinfecting virus (63.89%, 23/36). The L gene of 48 HPIV-3 positive samples was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed high consistency (92.10%–99.40%), and all strains belonged to C3a.
Conclusions
During study periods, the positive detection rate of HPIV-3 among children is high, and the highest proportion of coinfection was observed in HPIV-3 mixed ADV infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the L gene of HPIV-3 was highly consistent, and the main epidemic strain in this area was the C3a subtype.
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Hangzhou","authors":"Ya-jun Guo, Lin Li, Qin-rui Lai, Ying-shuo Wang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1111/irv.13351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13351","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has undertaken a variety of preventative and control measures, effectively reducing the incidence of numerous infectious diseases among the pediatric population in Hangzhou. We aim to investigate the genetic and epidemiological characteristics of <i>Human parainfluenza virus</i>-3 (HPIV-3) in pediatric patients during this period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1442 pharyngeal swab samples were collected from outpatients and inpatients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) from November 2020 to March 2021. HPIV-3 was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The L gene of HPIV-3 positive samples was amplified and sequenced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 1442 children with ARTI, the positive rate of HPIV-3 was 7.07% (102/1442). The positive detection rate was the highest in the 6-month to 1-year age group. Coinfection was observed in 36 HPIV-3-positive samples (35.29%, 36/102), and <i>adenovirus</i> (ADV) was the most common coinfecting virus (63.89%, 23/36). The L gene of 48 HPIV-3 positive samples was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed high consistency (92.10%–99.40%), and all strains belonged to C3a.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During study periods, the positive detection rate of HPIV-3 among children is high, and the highest proportion of coinfection was observed in HPIV-3 mixed ADV infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the L gene of HPIV-3 was highly consistent, and the main epidemic strain in this area was the C3a subtype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong T. Tran, Sabina O. Nduaguba, Yanning Wang, Vakaramoko Diaby, Lynn Finelli, Yoonyoung Choi, Almut G. Winterstein
Background
The cost of medically attended RSV LRI (lower respiratory infection) is critical in determining the economic value of new RSV immunoprophylaxes. However, most studies have focused on intermittent RSV encounters, not the episode of care that captures the entirety of RSV illness.
Methods
We created age- and condition-specific cohorts of children under 5 years of age using MarketScan® data (2015–2019). We contrasted aggregating healthcare costs over RSV-LRTI episodes to ascertaining costs based on RSV-specific encounters only. Economic burden was estimated by multiplying costs per encounter or per episode by their respective incidence rates.
Results
Average cost was higher per episode than per encounter regardless of settings (inpatient: $28,586 vs. $18,056 and outpatient/ED: $2099 vs. $407 for infants). Across ages, the economic burden was highest for infants and RSV-LRTI requiring inpatient care, but the burden in outpatient/ED settings was disproportionately higher than costs due to higher incidence rates (for inpatient vs. outpatient episodes: $226,403 vs. $101,269; for inpatient vs. outpatient encounters: $151,878 vs. $38,819 per 1000 infant-years). For high-risk children, cost and burden were up to 3–10 times higher, respectively.
Conclusions
With a comprehensive stratification by settings and risk condition, the encounter- versus episode-based estimates provide a robust range for policymakers' economic appraisal of new RSV immunoprophylaxes.
{"title":"Economic Burden of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Privately Insured Children Under 5 Years of Age in the USA","authors":"Phuong T. Tran, Sabina O. Nduaguba, Yanning Wang, Vakaramoko Diaby, Lynn Finelli, Yoonyoung Choi, Almut G. Winterstein","doi":"10.1111/irv.13347","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13347","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cost of medically attended RSV LRI (lower respiratory infection) is critical in determining the economic value of new RSV immunoprophylaxes. However, most studies have focused on intermittent RSV encounters, not the episode of care that captures the entirety of RSV illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created age- and condition-specific cohorts of children under 5 years of age using MarketScan® data (2015–2019). We contrasted aggregating healthcare costs over RSV-LRTI episodes to ascertaining costs based on RSV-specific encounters only. Economic burden was estimated by multiplying costs per encounter or per episode by their respective incidence rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Average cost was higher per episode than per encounter regardless of settings (inpatient: $28,586 vs. $18,056 and outpatient/ED: $2099 vs. $407 for infants). Across ages, the economic burden was highest for infants and RSV-LRTI requiring inpatient care, but the burden in outpatient/ED settings was disproportionately higher than costs due to higher incidence rates (for inpatient vs. outpatient episodes: $226,403 vs. $101,269; for inpatient vs. outpatient encounters: $151,878 vs. $38,819 per 1000 infant-years). For high-risk children, cost and burden were up to 3–10 times higher, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With a comprehensive stratification by settings and risk condition, the encounter- versus episode-based estimates provide a robust range for policymakers' economic appraisal of new RSV immunoprophylaxes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy D. J. Shi, Adrian J. Marcato, Violeta Spirkoska, Niamh Meagher, Juan-Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas, David J. Price
Understanding the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the asymptomatic fraction, is important as asymptomatic individuals are still able to infect other individuals and contribute to ongoing transmission. The WHO Unity Household transmission investigation (HHTI) protocol provides a platform for the prospective and systematic collection of high-quality clinical, epidemiological, serological and virological data from SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and their household contacts. These data can be used to understand key severity and transmissibility parameters—including the asymptomatic proportion—in relation to local epidemic context and help inform public health response. We aimed to estimate the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infections in Unity-aligned HHTIs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in alignment with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered our systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42022378648). We searched EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE and bioRxiv and medRxiv from 1 November 2021 to 22 August 2023. We identified 8368 records, of which 98 underwent full text review. We identified only three studies for data extraction, with substantial variation in study design and corresponding estimates of the asymptomatic proportion. As a result, we did not generate a pooled estimate or I2 metric. The limited number of quality studies that we identified highlights the need for improved preparedness and response capabilities to facilitate robust HHTI implementation, analysis and reporting, to better inform national, regional and global risk assessments and policymaking.
{"title":"The Asymptomatic Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infections in Households: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nancy D. J. Shi, Adrian J. Marcato, Violeta Spirkoska, Niamh Meagher, Juan-Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas, David J. Price","doi":"10.1111/irv.13348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the asymptomatic fraction, is important as asymptomatic individuals are still able to infect other individuals and contribute to ongoing transmission. The WHO Unity Household transmission investigation (HHTI) protocol provides a platform for the prospective and systematic collection of high-quality clinical, epidemiological, serological and virological data from SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and their household contacts. These data can be used to understand key severity and transmissibility parameters—including the asymptomatic proportion—in relation to local epidemic context and help inform public health response. We aimed to estimate the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infections in Unity-aligned HHTIs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in alignment with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered our systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42022378648). We searched EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE and bioRxiv and medRxiv from 1 November 2021 to 22 August 2023. We identified 8368 records, of which 98 underwent full text review. We identified only three studies for data extraction, with substantial variation in study design and corresponding estimates of the asymptomatic proportion. As a result, we did not generate a pooled estimate or <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> metric. The limited number of quality studies that we identified highlights the need for improved preparedness and response capabilities to facilitate robust HHTI implementation, analysis and reporting, to better inform national, regional and global risk assessments and policymaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.13348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeong-Un Lee, Kwangho Lee, Hongsu Lee, Jung Wook Park, Sun-Ju Cho, Ji-Su Park, Jeongeun Mun, Sujung Park, Cheong-mi Lee, Juhye Lee, Jinjong Seo, Yonghwan Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Yoon-Seok Chung
Background
Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has spread rapidly, and many coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases have occurred in Gwangju, South Korea. Viral mutations following the COVID-19 epidemic have increased interest in the characteristics of epidemics in this region, and pathogen genetic analysis is required for infection control and prevention.
Methods
In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome analysis was performed on samples from patients with COVID-19 in Gwangju from 2020 to 2022 to identify the trends in COVID-19 prevalence and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of dominant variants. B.41 and B.1.497 prevailed in 2020, the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak; then, B.1.619.1 mainly occurred until June 2021. B.1.617.2, classified as sublineages AY.69 and AY.122, occurred continuously from July to December 2021. Since strict measures to strengthen national quarantine management had been implemented in South Korea until this time, the analysis of mutations was also able to infer the epidemiological relationship between infection transmission routes. Since the first identification of the Omicron variant in late December 2021, the spread of infection has been very rapid, and weekly whole-genome analysis of specimens has enabled us to monitor new Omicron sublineages occurring in Gwangju.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that conducting regional surveillance in addition to nation-level genomic surveillance will enable more rapid and detailed variant surveillance, which will be helpful in the overall prevention and management of infectious diseases.
{"title":"Genomic Analysis and Tracking of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Gwangju, South Korea, From 2020 to 2022","authors":"Yeong-Un Lee, Kwangho Lee, Hongsu Lee, Jung Wook Park, Sun-Ju Cho, Ji-Su Park, Jeongeun Mun, Sujung Park, Cheong-mi Lee, Juhye Lee, Jinjong Seo, Yonghwan Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Yoon-Seok Chung","doi":"10.1111/irv.13350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.13350","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has spread rapidly, and many coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases have occurred in Gwangju, South Korea. Viral mutations following the COVID-19 epidemic have increased interest in the characteristics of epidemics in this region, and pathogen genetic analysis is required for infection control and prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome analysis was performed on samples from patients with COVID-19 in Gwangju from 2020 to 2022 to identify the trends in COVID-19 prevalence and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of dominant variants. B.41 and B.1.497 prevailed in 2020, the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak; then, B.1.619.1 mainly occurred until June 2021. B.1.617.2, classified as sublineages AY.69 and AY.122, occurred continuously from July to December 2021. Since strict measures to strengthen national quarantine management had been implemented in South Korea until this time, the analysis of mutations was also able to infer the epidemiological relationship between infection transmission routes. Since the first identification of the Omicron variant in late December 2021, the spread of infection has been very rapid, and weekly whole-genome analysis of specimens has enabled us to monitor new Omicron sublineages occurring in Gwangju.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggests that conducting regional surveillance in addition to nation-level genomic surveillance will enable more rapid and detailed variant surveillance, which will be helpful in the overall prevention and management of infectious diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号