首页 > 最新文献

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses最新文献

英文 中文
Emerging Therapeutics in the Fight Against EV-D68: A Review of Current Strategies 抗击 EV-D68 的新兴疗法:当前战略综述
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70064
Nida Kalam, Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam

Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) was first identified in 1962 in pediatric patients with acute respiratory conditions in California, USA (US). From the 1970s to 2005, EV-D68 was underestimated due to limited data and serotyping methods. In 2014, the United States experienced outbreaks of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children EV-D68 positive. WIN-like compounds (pleconaril, pocapavir, and vapendavir) bind to the virus capsid and have been tested against various enteroviruses (EVs) in clinical trials. However, these compounds encountered issues with resistance and adverse effects, which impeded their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Presently, the medical field lacks FDA-approved antiviral treatments or vaccines for EV-D68. Ongoing research efforts are dedicated to identifying viable therapeutics to address EV-D68 infections. This review explores the current advancements in antiviral therapies and potential therapeutics to mitigate the significant impact of EV-D68 infection control.

肠病毒- d68 (EV-D68)于1962年首次在美国加利福尼亚州患有急性呼吸道疾病的儿科患者中被发现。从20世纪70年代到2005年,由于数据和血清分型方法有限,EV-D68被低估了。2014年,美国爆发了EV-D68阳性儿童急性弛缓性脊髓炎(AFM)。win类化合物(pleconaril, pocapavir和vapendavir)与病毒衣壳结合,并已在临床试验中对各种肠道病毒(ev)进行了测试。然而,这些化合物遇到了耐药性和副作用的问题,这阻碍了它们获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的批准。目前,医学领域缺乏fda批准的针对EV-D68的抗病毒治疗或疫苗。正在进行的研究工作致力于确定可行的治疗方法来解决EV-D68感染。本文综述了目前抗病毒治疗和潜在治疗方法的进展,以减轻EV-D68感染控制的重大影响。
{"title":"Emerging Therapeutics in the Fight Against EV-D68: A Review of Current Strategies","authors":"Nida Kalam,&nbsp;Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1111/irv.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) was first identified in 1962 in pediatric patients with acute respiratory conditions in California, USA (US). From the 1970s to 2005, EV-D68 was underestimated due to limited data and serotyping methods. In 2014, the United States experienced outbreaks of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children EV-D68 positive. WIN-like compounds (pleconaril, pocapavir, and vapendavir) bind to the virus capsid and have been tested against various enteroviruses (EVs) in clinical trials. However, these compounds encountered issues with resistance and adverse effects, which impeded their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Presently, the medical field lacks FDA-approved antiviral treatments or vaccines for EV-D68. Ongoing research efforts are dedicated to identifying viable therapeutics to address EV-D68 infections. This review explores the current advancements in antiviral therapies and potential therapeutics to mitigate the significant impact of EV-D68 infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Study in North-Eastern Italy 意大利东北部养老院医护人员感染SARS-CoV-2的纵向研究
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70056
Valentina Rosolen, Diana Menis, Luigi Castriotta, Fabio Barbone, Francesca Larese Filon

Background

During the pandemic, a surveillance program to monitor COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers was established in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), Italy. The aim of our study was to measure the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among nursing home employees by job title.

Methods

From March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2023, a retrospective population-based longitudinal study was conducted in 8880 nursing home employees. For each employee, all swabs up to the first positive result (n = 211.534) were considered. The study period was divided in six phases based on epidemic waves. Generalized estimated equations method for longitudinal binary data was applied with a time lag of a month, in each phase, obtaining an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence limit (95% CI) for each job category.

Results

In Phase 1 (1.3.2020–30.6.2020), compared with administrative assistants, jobs with high patient contact were at increased risk of infection: The OR and 95% CI were 3.52 (1.44–8.56) and 2.96 (1.15–7.66) in healthcare elementary occupation and physicians/nurses, respectively. Corresponding associations in Phase 2 (1.7.2020–31.1.2021) were 1.54 (1.18–2.02) and 1.41 (1.04–1.91). On the contrary, in Phase 6 (20.12.2021–31.3.2023) physicians/nurses were at a decreased risk (0.73 [0.58–0.91]).

Conclusions

In nursing homes, the risk of COVID-19 infection varied by job title and pandemic phase. Virus higher infectivity, probability of closer contact, and better adherence to infection prevention control may explain part of these differences. Stronger nursing home–specific surveillance in patients and employees should be extended worldwide to control this high global burden of disease communities.

背景大流行期间,意大利弗留利-威尼斯-朱利亚大区(FVG)制定了一项监控计划,以监测医护人员中 COVID-19 的感染情况。我们研究的目的是根据职称来衡量疗养院员工感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险。 方法 从 2020 年 3 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 31 日,我们对 8880 名养老院员工进行了一项基于人群的回顾性纵向研究。每位员工的所有拭子结果均为阳性(n = 211.534)。研究期间根据流行病浪潮分为六个阶段。在每个阶段中,对纵向二元数据采用时滞为一个月的广义估计方程法,得出每个工作类别的几率比(OR)和 95% 置信限(95% CI)。 结果 在第一阶段(2020 年 3 月 1 日至 2020 年 6 月 30 日),与行政助理相比,与患者接触较多的岗位感染风险较高:医疗保健初级职业和医生/护士的 OR 值和 95% CI 值分别为 3.52(1.44-8.56)和 2.96(1.15-7.66)。第 2 阶段(2020 年 7 月 1 日至 2021 年 1 月 31 日)的相应相关性分别为 1.54(1.18-2.02)和 1.41(1.04-1.91)。相反,在第 6 阶段(20.12.2021-31.3.2023),医生/护士的风险降低(0.73 [0.58-0.91])。 结论 在养老院中,COVID-19 的感染风险因职称和大流行阶段而异。病毒较高的感染性、更密切接触的可能性以及更好地遵守感染预防控制措施可能是造成这些差异的部分原因。应在全球范围内加强对疗养院患者和员工的监测,以控制这一全球负担沉重的疾病群体。
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Study in North-Eastern Italy","authors":"Valentina Rosolen,&nbsp;Diana Menis,&nbsp;Luigi Castriotta,&nbsp;Fabio Barbone,&nbsp;Francesca Larese Filon","doi":"10.1111/irv.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the pandemic, a surveillance program to monitor COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers was established in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), Italy. The aim of our study was to measure the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among nursing home employees by job title.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2023, a retrospective population-based longitudinal study was conducted in 8880 nursing home employees. For each employee, all swabs up to the first positive result (<i>n</i> = 211.534) were considered. The study period was divided in six phases based on epidemic waves. Generalized estimated equations method for longitudinal binary data was applied with a time lag of a month, in each phase, obtaining an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence limit (95% CI) for each job category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Phase 1 (1.3.2020–30.6.2020), compared with administrative assistants, jobs with high patient contact were at increased risk of infection: The OR and 95% CI were 3.52 (1.44–8.56) and 2.96 (1.15–7.66) in healthcare elementary occupation and physicians/nurses, respectively. Corresponding associations in Phase 2 (1.7.2020–31.1.2021) were 1.54 (1.18–2.02) and 1.41 (1.04–1.91). On the contrary, in Phase 6 (20.12.2021–31.3.2023) physicians/nurses were at a decreased risk (0.73 [0.58–0.91]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In nursing homes, the risk of COVID-19 infection varied by job title and pandemic phase. Virus higher infectivity, probability of closer contact, and better adherence to infection prevention control may explain part of these differences. Stronger nursing home–specific surveillance in patients and employees should be extended worldwide to control this high global burden of disease communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in Rural Bangladeshi Children Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行前孟加拉国农村儿童的病毒性急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70062
Megan E. Reller, Kayur Mehta, Eric D. McCollum, Salahuddin Ahmed, Jack Anderson, Arunangshu D. Roy, Nabidul Haque Chowdhury, Samir Saha, Lawrence H. Moulton, Mathuram Santosham, Abdullah H. Baqui

Background

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children < 5 years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh.

Methods

We enrolled 3- to 23-month-old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel.

Results

Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10 months; 58.1% were male. Forty-seven percent presented during autumn (mid-June to mid-October). About a third had temperature ≥ 101°F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3 days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation < 90% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48 h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year-round; RSV was detected during August–November and hMPV during December–March.

Conclusions

Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2 years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy.

背景 急性下呼吸道感染(ALRIs)仍然是导致 5 岁以下儿童死亡的主要传染病因,其中大部分病例由病毒引起。人们对孟加拉国农村地区病毒性 ALRI 的流行病学和病因知之甚少。 方法 我们在孟加拉国锡尔赫特地区的一家分区医院门诊部招募了 3 至 23 个月大的 ALRI 患儿。经过培训的研究医生确定了病例,并获取鼻咽拭子,使用 Luminex Integrated System NxTAG 呼吸道病原体面板通过多重 PCR 检测 19 种呼吸道病毒。 结果 2016年8月至2017年9月期间,我们共招募了1477名儿童。中位年龄为 10 个月;58.1% 为男性。47%的患儿在秋季(6月中旬至10月中旬)发病。约三分之一的患儿体温≥101°F,95.4%的患儿在过去3天内曾咳嗽,72.0%的患儿呼吸急促,80.0%的患儿胸闷。23.9%的患者出现肺泡合并症,4.4%的患者出现低氧血症(室内空气饱和度为 90%)。19%的患者需要住院治疗,其中79.1%的患者在48小时内出院。81.8%的患者被确认感染了呼吸道病毒,其中大多数(75.8%)患者只分离到一种病毒。最常见的是犀牛肠道病毒(HRV/HEV,37.9%),其次是呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV,20.2%)和人类偏肺病毒(hMPV,11.7%)。全年都能检测到犀牛肠道病毒;8 月至 11 月检测到 RSV,12 月至 3 月检测到 hMPV。 结论 在孟加拉国农村医院中,大多数(82%)2 岁以下的 ALRI 患儿都被查出了呼吸道病毒。这些发现对今后的研究以及潜在的监测、抗菌药物管理、疫苗计划规划和政策制定具有重要意义。
{"title":"Viral Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (ALRI) in Rural Bangladeshi Children Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Megan E. Reller,&nbsp;Kayur Mehta,&nbsp;Eric D. McCollum,&nbsp;Salahuddin Ahmed,&nbsp;Jack Anderson,&nbsp;Arunangshu D. Roy,&nbsp;Nabidul Haque Chowdhury,&nbsp;Samir Saha,&nbsp;Lawrence H. Moulton,&nbsp;Mathuram Santosham,&nbsp;Abdullah H. Baqui","doi":"10.1111/irv.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remain the leading infectious cause of death among children &lt; 5 years, with viruses contributing to a large proportion of cases. Little is known about the epidemiology and etiology of viral ALRI in rural Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 3- to 23-month-old children with ALRIs attending a subdistrict hospital outpatient clinic in Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Trained study physicians ascertained the cases and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs to detect 19 respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR using the Luminex Integrated System NxTAG Respiratory pathogen panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between August 2016 and September 2017, we enrolled 1477 children. Median age was 10 months; 58.1% were male. Forty-seven percent presented during autumn (mid-June to mid-October). About a third had temperature ≥ 101°F, 95.4% had cough in the previous 3 days, 72.0% had fast breathing, and 80.0% had chest indrawing. Alveolar consolidation occurred in 23.9%, and 4.4% were hypoxemic (saturation &lt; 90% on room air). Nineteen percent required hospitalization; 79.1% of them were discharged within 48 h. A respiratory virus was identified in 81.8%, majority (75.8%) with single virus isolation. Rhinoenterovirus was most commonly identified (HRV/HEV, 37.9%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 20.2%) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 11.7%). Rhinoenterovirus was detected year-round; RSV was detected during August–November and hMPV during December–March.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory viruses were identified in a majority (82%) of children under 2 years of age presenting with ALRI in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. These findings have implications for future study and potentially for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, vaccine program planning, and policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Singapore's COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Programme: Strategies and Insights From a Pandemic Year 新加坡的 COVID-19 基因组监测计划:大流行年的战略与启示
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70060
Hao Yi Tan, Nur Huda Khamis, Alvin Goh, Tania K. L. Mah, Benny Yeo, Jie Yin Ngan, Yichen Ding, Cui Lin, Sae-Rom Chae, Phoebe Lee, Zheng Jie Marc Ho

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomic surveillance was crucial for monitoring virus spread and identifying variants. Effective surveillance helped understand transmission dynamics. Singapore had success in combating COVID-19 through its surveillance programmes. This paper outlines Singapore's strategy and its impact on public health during the transition to endemicity over 54 weeks from February 2022 to February 2023.

Methods

In May 2022, Singapore expanded its acute respiratory infections (ARI) surveillance to enhance COVID-19 detection. COVID-19–positive samples from ARI cases were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data informed public health actions based on transmission origins and case severity.

Results

Over 54 weeks, NPHL sequenced 18,918 (73%) samples. Analysis showed 29% imported and 71% local cases. Severe cases accounted for 12% and were mostly elderly, specifically those aged 80 years old and above. Variant analysis identified 11 predominant variants and 288 subvariants. Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB were initially dominant, followed by increased variant heterogeneity. Severe cases mirrored these trends.

Conclusion

Genomic surveillance was integral in Singapore's COVID-19 response, guiding timely public health decisions. Effective variant tracking supported proactive measures. The experience underscores the importance of genomic surveillance for future pandemic preparedness and emerging disease detection, emphasising its role in shaping pandemic responses and global health.

背景 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,基因组监控对监测病毒传播和识别变种至关重要。有效的监测有助于了解传播动态。新加坡通过监测计划成功抗击了 COVID-19。本文概述了新加坡的策略及其在 2022 年 2 月至 2023 年 2 月的 54 周内转为流行期间对公共卫生的影响。 方法 2022 年 5 月,新加坡扩大了急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 监测范围,以加强 COVID-19 的检测。来自急性呼吸道感染病例的 COVID-19 阳性样本被送往国家公共卫生实验室进行全基因组测序 (WGS)。WGS 数据可根据传播源和病例严重程度为公共卫生行动提供依据。 结果 在 54 周内,国家公共卫生实验室对 18,918 份(73%)样本进行了测序。分析表明,29%的病例为输入病例,71%为本地病例。重症病例占 12%,多为老年人,特别是 80 岁及以上的老人。变异分析确定了 11 个主要变异和 288 个亚变异。Omicron BA.2、BA.5 和 XBB 最初占主导地位,随后变异异质性增加。严重病例也反映了这些趋势。 结论 基因组监测在新加坡应对 COVID-19 的过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用,为及时的公共卫生决策提供了指导。有效的变异追踪支持了积极主动的措施。这一经验强调了基因组监测对未来大流行病防备和新出现疾病检测的重要性,并强调了基因组监测在大流行病应对和全球健康中的作用。
{"title":"Singapore's COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Programme: Strategies and Insights From a Pandemic Year","authors":"Hao Yi Tan,&nbsp;Nur Huda Khamis,&nbsp;Alvin Goh,&nbsp;Tania K. L. Mah,&nbsp;Benny Yeo,&nbsp;Jie Yin Ngan,&nbsp;Yichen Ding,&nbsp;Cui Lin,&nbsp;Sae-Rom Chae,&nbsp;Phoebe Lee,&nbsp;Zheng Jie Marc Ho","doi":"10.1111/irv.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, genomic surveillance was crucial for monitoring virus spread and identifying variants. Effective surveillance helped understand transmission dynamics. Singapore had success in combating COVID-19 through its surveillance programmes. This paper outlines Singapore's strategy and its impact on public health during the transition to endemicity over 54 weeks from February 2022 to February 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In May 2022, Singapore expanded its acute respiratory infections (ARI) surveillance to enhance COVID-19 detection. COVID-19–positive samples from ARI cases were sent to the National Public Health Laboratory for whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data informed public health actions based on transmission origins and case severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over 54 weeks, NPHL sequenced 18,918 (73%) samples. Analysis showed 29% imported and 71% local cases. Severe cases accounted for 12% and were mostly elderly, specifically those aged 80 years old and above. Variant analysis identified 11 predominant variants and 288 subvariants. Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB were initially dominant, followed by increased variant heterogeneity. Severe cases mirrored these trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic surveillance was integral in Singapore's COVID-19 response, guiding timely public health decisions. Effective variant tracking supported proactive measures. The experience underscores the importance of genomic surveillance for future pandemic preparedness and emerging disease detection, emphasising its role in shaping pandemic responses and global health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalisations Epidemiology After Nirsevimab Introduction in Lyon, France 法国里昂引入 Nirsevimab 后呼吸道合胞病毒相关住院病例流行病学的变化
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70054
Cécile Chauvel, Côme Horvat, Etienne Javouhey, Yves Gillet, Juliette Hassenboehler, Claire Nour Abou Chakra, Corinne Ragouilliaux, Franck Plaisant, Dominique Ploin, Marine Butin, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno, Marta C. Nunes

Background

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major health concern, particularly for infants. In France, Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was available from September 2023. We described RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations during the 2023–2024 season among infants younger than six months born at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and evaluated the effectiveness of Nirsevimab against RSV-LRTI hospitalisation.

Methods

This observational study included infants born and hospitalised at the HCL during the 2023–2024 season, along with pre-COVID-19 and 2022–2023 seasons. Information on Nirsevimab immunisation status, clinical and perinatal variables were collected through routine care. Infants' characteristics and incidence rate of hospitalisation per 100 births during 2023–2024 were compared with the historical periods overall and by delay between birth and the onset of the RSV season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was computed by the screening method.

Results

During the 2023–2024 season, 83 infants younger than six months were hospitalised with an RSV-associated LRTI. Compared with the historical periods (640 pre-COVID-19 and 123 in 2022–2023), these infants were older. Incidence rate for infants born during the period when immunisation was available were lower than the previous seasons; incidence rate ratios were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33; 0.62) in 2023–2024 compared with pre-COVID-19 period and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.36; 0.77) compared with 2022–2023 season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was 78.3% (95%CI: 55.9; 89.5) with a coverage of 79.3% in the two main HCL maternities.

Conclusions

High Nirsevimab coverage and effectiveness were estimated in a real-world setting. A change in the age distribution of RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations in 2023–2024 was noted compared with historical seasons.

背景 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是一个主要的健康问题,尤其是对婴儿而言。在法国,用于预防 RSV 相关下呼吸道感染(LRTI)的长效单克隆抗体 Nirsevimab 于 2023 年 9 月开始上市。我们描述了 2023-2024 年期间在里昂平民医院(HCL)出生的 6 个月以下婴儿中发生的 RSV 相关 LRTI 住院病例,并评估了 Nirsevimab 对 RSV-LRTI 住院病例的有效性。 方法 该观察性研究包括 2023-2024 年季节期间在 HCL 出生和住院的婴儿,以及前 COVID-19 和 2022-2023 年季节期间在 HCL 出生和住院的婴儿。通过常规护理收集有关尼舍单抗免疫状态、临床和围产期变量的信息。将 2023-2024 年期间每 100 例新生儿的婴儿特征和住院率与历史时期的总体情况进行比较,并按出生与 RSV 季节开始之间的延迟时间进行比较。通过筛查方法计算了尼舍单抗的有效性。 结果 在 2023-2024 年期间,有 83 名 6 个月以下的婴儿因 RSV 相关 LRTI 而住院治疗。与历史同期相比(COVID-19 前为 640 例,2022-2023 年为 123 例),这些婴儿的年龄更大。与前 COVID-19 时期相比,2023-2024 年的发病率比为 0.45(95% 置信区间 [CI]:0.33;0.62);与 2022-2023 年相比,发病率比为 0.53(95% 置信区间 [CI]:0.36;0.77)。Nirsevimab 的有效率为 78.3% (95%CI: 55.9; 89.5),在两个主要的 HCL 孕产妇中的覆盖率为 79.3%。 结论 在真实世界环境中估计了 Nirsevimab 的高覆盖率和有效性。与历史季节相比,2023-2024 年 RSV 相关 LRTI 住院病例的年龄分布发生了变化。
{"title":"Changes in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalisations Epidemiology After Nirsevimab Introduction in Lyon, France","authors":"Cécile Chauvel,&nbsp;Côme Horvat,&nbsp;Etienne Javouhey,&nbsp;Yves Gillet,&nbsp;Juliette Hassenboehler,&nbsp;Claire Nour Abou Chakra,&nbsp;Corinne Ragouilliaux,&nbsp;Franck Plaisant,&nbsp;Dominique Ploin,&nbsp;Marine Butin,&nbsp;Jean-Sebastien Casalegno,&nbsp;Marta C. Nunes","doi":"10.1111/irv.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major health concern, particularly for infants. In France, Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to prevent RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was available from September 2023. We described RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations during the 2023–2024 season among infants younger than six months born at the Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and evaluated the effectiveness of Nirsevimab against RSV-LRTI hospitalisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational study included infants born and hospitalised at the HCL during the 2023–2024 season, along with pre-COVID-19 and 2022–2023 seasons. Information on Nirsevimab immunisation status, clinical and perinatal variables were collected through routine care. Infants' characteristics and incidence rate of hospitalisation per 100 births during 2023–2024 were compared with the historical periods overall and by delay between birth and the onset of the RSV season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was computed by the screening method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2023–2024 season, 83 infants younger than six months were hospitalised with an RSV-associated LRTI. Compared with the historical periods (640 pre-COVID-19 and 123 in 2022–2023), these infants were older. Incidence rate for infants born during the period when immunisation was available were lower than the previous seasons; incidence rate ratios were 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33; 0.62) in 2023–2024 compared with pre-COVID-19 period and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.36; 0.77) compared with 2022–2023 season. Nirsevimab effectiveness was 78.3% (95%CI: 55.9; 89.5) with a coverage of 79.3% in the two main HCL maternities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High Nirsevimab coverage and effectiveness were estimated in a real-world setting. A change in the age distribution of RSV-associated LRTI hospitalisations in 2023–2024 was noted compared with historical seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines in Prevention of Influenza Hospitalization During the 2022–2023 Season Among Adults 18–64 Years 细胞流感疫苗与蛋流感疫苗预防2018 -2023流感季节18-64岁成人流感住院的比较效果
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70025
Emily Rayens, Jennifer H. Ku, Lina S. Sy, Lei Qian, Bradley K. Ackerson, Yi Luo, Julia E. Tubert, Gina S. Lee, Punam P. Modha, Yoonyoung Park, Tianyu Sun, Evan J. Anderson, Hung Fu Tseng

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of licensed standard-dose cell-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines in preventing influenza hospitalization among adults 18–64 years during the 2022–2023 season. The cohort included eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who received ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine (n = 848,334). The adjusted cVE against influenza hospitalization was −10.1% (95% CI: −49.8%, 37.8%) in the 18- to 49-year-old cohort. In the 50- to 64-year-old cohort, the adjusted cVE was 14.9% (−33.8%, 52.1%). Cell-based and egg-based influenza vaccines conferred comparable protection against influenza hospitalization in adults 18–64 years of age in the 2022–2023 season.

本回顾性队列研究评估了标准剂量细胞流感疫苗与蛋流感疫苗在预防2022-2023流感季节18-64岁成人流感住院方面的比较疫苗有效性(cVE)。该队列包括接受≥1剂流感疫苗的符合条件的Kaiser Permanente南加州会员(n = 848,334)。在18- 49岁的队列中,流感住院的校正cVE为-10.1% (95% CI: -49.8%, 37.8%)。在50- 64岁的队列中,调整后的cVE为14.9%(-33.8%,52.1%)。在2022-2023年流感季节,基于细胞和基于鸡蛋的流感疫苗对18-64岁成年人流感住院的保护作用相当。
{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines in Prevention of Influenza Hospitalization During the 2022–2023 Season Among Adults 18–64 Years","authors":"Emily Rayens,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Ku,&nbsp;Lina S. Sy,&nbsp;Lei Qian,&nbsp;Bradley K. Ackerson,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Julia E. Tubert,&nbsp;Gina S. Lee,&nbsp;Punam P. Modha,&nbsp;Yoonyoung Park,&nbsp;Tianyu Sun,&nbsp;Evan J. Anderson,&nbsp;Hung Fu Tseng","doi":"10.1111/irv.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of licensed standard-dose cell-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines in preventing influenza hospitalization among adults 18–64 years during the 2022–2023 season. The cohort included eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who received ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine (<i>n</i> = 848,334). The adjusted cVE against influenza hospitalization was −10.1% (95% CI: −49.8%, 37.8%) in the 18- to 49-year-old cohort. In the 50- to 64-year-old cohort, the adjusted cVE was 14.9% (−33.8%, 52.1%). Cell-based and egg-based influenza vaccines conferred comparable protection against influenza hospitalization in adults 18–64 years of age in the 2022–2023 season.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential Arrival Pathway for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 to Oceania 高致病性H5N1禽流感可能到达大洋洲的途径。
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70055
Pablo Plaza, Andrea Santangeli, Tommaso Cancellario, Sergio Lambertucci
<p>In late 2020, the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (hereafter, H5N1) fired the most severe panzootic ever recorded, causing alarming mortalities in wildlife and domestic animals, with an increasing risk to humans [<span>1-4</span>]. Almost the entire world has been affected by H5N1; the virus has expanded to new regions such as the Americas and Antarctica for the first time in its evolutionary history [<span>3</span>]. However, no cases of H5N1 have been detected in Oceania to date [<span>5, 6</span>] (only one human case infected outside this continent has been reported [<span>7</span>]). Regions not affected by this virus are of epidemiological importance, as they provide insights about potential limiting factors for its spread (e.g., geographic barriers, environmental features, wild species traits and movement). Moreover, in those areas, there is still time to prepare efficient preventive and mitigation actions to reduce the impact of this pathogen, if we can identify potential pathways of virus arrival. Here, leveraging range maps of suitable host bird species, we suggest a potential pathway of H5N1 arrival to the Oceania region that could be important to consider under the current epidemiological behavior of this virus.</p><p>To assess possible pathways of H5N1 arrival to Oceania (specifically, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania for this article), we performed a map of risk based on wild bird species already reported as infected by the virus anywhere in the world. These species could be considered suitable hosts of the virus. We integrated a list of H5N1-infected wild bird species reported in the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) database up to April 2024 [<span>3</span>] and Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research up to November 2024 (SCAR) [<span>8</span>], with species distributions primarily based on habitat maps (AOH) [<span>9</span>] and, when these were lacking, bird ranges provided by BirdLife International [<span>10</span>]. We removed records in which infected individuals were not identified at the species level and cases where individuals were kept in captivity. We obtained 345 unique wild bird species found infected by H5N1. To map the risk of H5N1 infection (i.e., areas where species reported as infected are distributed), we used the Additive Benefit Function (ABF) in Zonation v.5 [<span>11</span>].</p><p>Our risk map shows that Oceania presents a low risk compared with other regions, because it still does not host many species already reported as infected in the rest of the world (Figure 1A). However, more than 50 species that live in Oceania have already been infected in other regions (Table S1). Many of those species overlap their distributions in most of the coast of Australia and New Zealand, making this region of high risk (Figure 1B). Some key susceptible species reported infected in other regions (e.g., Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands) such as Brown skuas (<i>Stercorarius antarcticus</i
2020年底,高致病性甲型禽流感(H5N1)(以下简称H5N1)引发了有史以来最严重的大流行病,导致野生动物和家畜的死亡率惊人,对人类的风险也在不断增加[1-4]。几乎整个世界都受到H5N1病毒的影响;该病毒在其进化史上首次扩展到美洲和南极洲等新地区。然而,迄今为止在大洋洲未发现H5N1病例[5,6](在该大陆以外仅报告了一例人间感染病例[2010])。未受该病毒影响的地区在流行病学上具有重要意义,因为它们提供了有关其传播的潜在限制因素(例如地理障碍、环境特征、野生物种特征和运动)的见解。此外,在这些地区,如果我们能够确定病毒到达的潜在途径,仍有时间准备有效的预防和缓解行动,以减少这种病原体的影响。在这里,利用合适宿主鸟类的范围图,我们提出了H5N1到达大洋洲地区的潜在途径,根据该病毒目前的流行病学行为,这可能是重要的考虑因素。为了评估H5N1到达大洋洲的可能途径(在本文中,特别是澳大利亚、新西兰和塔斯马尼亚),我们根据世界上任何地方已报告感染该病毒的野生鸟类绘制了风险图。这些物种可被认为是该病毒的适宜宿主。我们整合了世界动物卫生信息系统(WAHIS)数据库中截至2024年4月[3]和南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)数据库中截至2024年11月[8]的h5n1感染野生鸟类物种清单,物种分布主要基于栖息地地图(AOH)[9],如果缺乏栖息地地图,则采用国际鸟盟(BirdLife International)[10]提供的鸟类范围。我们删除了未在物种水平上识别受感染个体和个体被圈养的记录。我们获得了345种感染H5N1的独特野生鸟类。为了绘制H5N1感染风险分布图(即报告感染的物种分布区域),我们在分区v.5 bbb中使用了加性效益函数(ABF)。我们的风险图显示,与其他地区相比,大洋洲的风险较低,因为它仍然没有许多在世界其他地区已报告感染的物种(图1A)。然而,生活在大洋洲的50多个物种已经在其他区域受到感染(表1)。其中许多物种的分布在澳大利亚和新西兰的大部分海岸重叠,使该地区成为高风险地区(图1B)。据报告,在其他地区(如南极洲和亚南极岛屿)感染的一些关键易感物种,如褐贼鸥(Stercorarius antarcticus)、南极贼鸥(Stercorarius maccormicki)、流浪信天翁(Diomedea exulans)和巨海燕(Macronectes giganteus)均出现在大洋洲南部(图1A)。这些物种,尤其是未成熟的鸟类,有很大的移动模式(数千公里),覆盖世界各地的高纬度地区(图1A)。例如,未成熟的信天翁在第一年就被贴上标签,可以进行环球航行,飞行距离可达185,000公里[12,13](图1A);这个物种的个体在它们50年的一生中可以旅行850万公里。由于上述物种易感并可能将病毒传播到遥远的地区,因此在中短期内病毒通过南大洋飞行路线到达大洋洲的风险正在迅速增加。先前的研究对澳大利亚各地数千种不同野生鸟类进行了取样,以评估H5N1可能到达的情况,并提出东澳大利亚飞行路线是病毒到达的潜在途径;迄今为止,没有证据表明那里的鸟类感染了H5N1病毒[5,6]。虽然东澳大拉西亚的飞行路线及其鸟类可能被认为是病毒到达[5]的高风险,但我们的地图还表明,应该考虑其他南部飞行路线和使用它们的物种,以预测病毒可能到达和渗入该大陆(表S1)。褐鹰、南极贼鸥、漂泊信天翁和巨海燕的分布和运动模式包括巴塔哥尼亚、南美洲南端、亚南极岛屿、南极洲和大洋洲南部地区(图1A)。在南极洲和亚南极岛屿,从2023年至2024年11月报告了这些和其他野生鸟类中的H5N1病例和疑似感染;该地区报告了至少70例(确诊和疑似)[3,8](图1A)。 令人担忧的是,在2024年9月至11月期间,在南极半岛东部的新地区发现了感染和疑似病例,甚至到达了非洲南部附近的地区(马里恩岛,−46.876620,37.744890:3例疑似病例,以及占有岛,−46.427645,51.748694,2例疑似病例)(图1A)。该病毒可能在不到1年的时间内传播了约5000公里,从2023年10月的鸟岛(−54.006869,−38.036471)传播到2024年9月的马里恩岛疑似病例,主要与贼鸥有关,但也与其他海鸟[8]有关(图1A)。虽然从马里恩岛到澳大利亚的距离约为6500公里,但上述物种具有广泛的移动模式(图1A);因此,这些距离可能只是暂时的障碍。南美洲就是这种情况,在那里病毒从太平洋传播到大西洋约8000公里,在不到一年的时间内,沿其传播轨迹摧毁了鳍足类动物(如黄鳍足动物)种群。事实上,南极海岸到澳大利亚和新西兰的最近距离分别大约只有3000公里和2600公里;因此,如果受感染的鸟类从南极大陆向东传播,大洋洲也可能通过这一途径处于高风险之中。目前流行的H5N1谱系的流行病学行为不断发生变化;它有可能经由南大洋飞行路线到达大洋洲,如图1A、B所示。因此,大洋洲作为最后一个没有这种高度危险病原体的大陆,面临着候鸟通过太平洋(东亚-澳大拉西亚航路)和南大洋航路(图1B)到达的潜在风险。我们的地图显示,易感宿主物种在整个非洲大陆都存在,尤其是在南部(图1B)。考虑到他们与来自其他地区的个体有联系[13,15],他们可能在他们重叠的一些地方受到感染,并成为H5N1到达该地区的途径。这里提供的信息可能有助于大洋洲各国当局将重点放在实施监测计划上,同时考虑到这里提出的风险物种和地理区域。至关重要的是,要提前做好充分准备,掌握有关潜在感染途径的所有信息,以便更好地应对这种高毒性和传染性病原体。这种病毒一旦到达,就会导致大量野生鸟类和哺乳动物、包括家禽和奶牛场在内的生产系统大量死亡,甚至可能导致人类感染[16,17]。跨界协调努力是应对H5N1传播的根本;我们的主要努力应是尽可能限制H5N1到达新的地理区域,同时使这些区域做好准备,以便在病毒到达后立即减少传播。为此,了解病毒潜在传播媒介的潜在地点、物种及其生态行为,将有利于遏制和减轻这一正在全球造成毁灭性经济和环境影响的新出现病原体。Pablo Plaza:概念化、数据管理、调查、项目管理、资源、验证、可视化、角色/写作-原稿、写作-审查和编辑。Andrea Santangeli:概念化,数据管理,调查,项目管理,资源,验证,可视化,角色/写作-原始草案,写作-审查和编辑。Tommaso Cancellario:数据管理、资源、验证、可视化、写作审查和编辑。Sergio Lambertucci:概念化、数据管理、资金获取、调查、项目管理、资源、监督、验证、可视化、角色/写作-原创草案、写作-审查和编辑。作者没有什么可报告的。作者没有什么可报告的。作者声明无利益冲突。
{"title":"Potential Arrival Pathway for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 to Oceania","authors":"Pablo Plaza,&nbsp;Andrea Santangeli,&nbsp;Tommaso Cancellario,&nbsp;Sergio Lambertucci","doi":"10.1111/irv.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70055","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In late 2020, the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (hereafter, H5N1) fired the most severe panzootic ever recorded, causing alarming mortalities in wildlife and domestic animals, with an increasing risk to humans [&lt;span&gt;1-4&lt;/span&gt;]. Almost the entire world has been affected by H5N1; the virus has expanded to new regions such as the Americas and Antarctica for the first time in its evolutionary history [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. However, no cases of H5N1 have been detected in Oceania to date [&lt;span&gt;5, 6&lt;/span&gt;] (only one human case infected outside this continent has been reported [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]). Regions not affected by this virus are of epidemiological importance, as they provide insights about potential limiting factors for its spread (e.g., geographic barriers, environmental features, wild species traits and movement). Moreover, in those areas, there is still time to prepare efficient preventive and mitigation actions to reduce the impact of this pathogen, if we can identify potential pathways of virus arrival. Here, leveraging range maps of suitable host bird species, we suggest a potential pathway of H5N1 arrival to the Oceania region that could be important to consider under the current epidemiological behavior of this virus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To assess possible pathways of H5N1 arrival to Oceania (specifically, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania for this article), we performed a map of risk based on wild bird species already reported as infected by the virus anywhere in the world. These species could be considered suitable hosts of the virus. We integrated a list of H5N1-infected wild bird species reported in the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) database up to April 2024 [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] and Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research up to November 2024 (SCAR) [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;], with species distributions primarily based on habitat maps (AOH) [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;] and, when these were lacking, bird ranges provided by BirdLife International [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. We removed records in which infected individuals were not identified at the species level and cases where individuals were kept in captivity. We obtained 345 unique wild bird species found infected by H5N1. To map the risk of H5N1 infection (i.e., areas where species reported as infected are distributed), we used the Additive Benefit Function (ABF) in Zonation v.5 [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our risk map shows that Oceania presents a low risk compared with other regions, because it still does not host many species already reported as infected in the rest of the world (Figure 1A). However, more than 50 species that live in Oceania have already been infected in other regions (Table S1). Many of those species overlap their distributions in most of the coast of Australia and New Zealand, making this region of high risk (Figure 1B). Some key susceptible species reported infected in other regions (e.g., Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands) such as Brown skuas (&lt;i&gt;Stercorarius antarcticus&lt;/i","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasal Aspirate From Patients Infected With RSV RSV患者鼻吸物中呼吸道合胞病毒的稳定性。
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70058
Atsuko Yamamoto, Yoko Hayasaki-Kajiwara, Takamichi Baba, Saori Okaga, Mayumi Kakui, Takao Shishido

Background

Evaluation of infectious virus titer is a challenge for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical trials because of the labile nature of RSV and rapid loss of infectivity without proper specimen handling. However, there has been no rigorous investigation into RSV stability in clinical specimens.

Methods

RSV stability was investigated by evaluating virus titers and defined as titer variation from baseline within three standard deviations of our titration assay. RSV stability in viral transport medium (VTM) at 4°C and the effect of freezing method on stability were evaluated using RSV-A2 stock. RSV stability in nasal aspirates collected in VTM at 4°C was estimated by regression analysis of virus titers measured at several time points. Stability of these specimens stored at −80°C for 10–15 months after freezing by the method, which maintained RSV-A2 stability, was also assessed.

Results

Three standard deviations were calculated from our titration assay as 0.97 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50/mL), and RSV stability was defined as variation of virus titer from baseline within 1.0 log10TCID50/mL. RSV-A2 in VTM at 4°C was stable for at least 120 h. Freezing at −80°C negatively affected virus stability, whereas freezing in liquid nitrogen or a dry ice-ethanol bath did not. RSV in nasal aspirates was stable for 2 days at 4°C and for 10–15 months at −80°C after snap freezing.

Conclusions

RSV in nasal aspirates in VTM was estimated to be stable for 2 days at 4°C and for approximately 1 year at −80°C.

背景:由于呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的不稳定性和不适当的标本处理,传染性病毒滴度的评估是临床试验的一个挑战。然而,尚未对临床标本中RSV的稳定性进行严格的调查。方法:通过评估病毒滴度来研究RSV的稳定性,并将其定义为滴度在我们的滴定法的三个标准偏差内与基线的滴度变化。采用RSV- a2原液,研究了RSV在4℃条件下在病毒转运介质(VTM)中的稳定性,以及冷冻方法对稳定性的影响。通过对多个时间点测量的病毒滴度进行回归分析,估计在4°C时采集的VTM鼻吸液中RSV的稳定性。在冷冻后-80°C保存10-15个月的样品的稳定性也被评估,以保持RSV-A2的稳定性。结果:我们的滴定试验计算出3个标准差为0.97 log10 50%组织培养感染剂量(TCID50/mL),定义RSV稳定性为病毒滴度在1.0 log10TCID50/mL范围内与基线的变化。RSV-A2在4°C的VTM中至少稳定120 h。在-80°C冷冻会对病毒的稳定性产生负面影响,而在液氮或干冰-乙醇浴中冷冻则不会。鼻吸液中的RSV在4°C条件下稳定2天,在-80°C条件下快速冷冻后稳定10-15个月。结论:据估计,VTM患者鼻吸液中的RSV在4°C下稳定2天,在-80°C下稳定约1年。
{"title":"Stability of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasal Aspirate From Patients Infected With RSV","authors":"Atsuko Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yoko Hayasaki-Kajiwara,&nbsp;Takamichi Baba,&nbsp;Saori Okaga,&nbsp;Mayumi Kakui,&nbsp;Takao Shishido","doi":"10.1111/irv.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of infectious virus titer is a challenge for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical trials because of the labile nature of RSV and rapid loss of infectivity without proper specimen handling. However, there has been no rigorous investigation into RSV stability in clinical specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RSV stability was investigated by evaluating virus titers and defined as titer variation from baseline within three standard deviations of our titration assay. RSV stability in viral transport medium (VTM) at 4°C and the effect of freezing method on stability were evaluated using RSV-A2 stock. RSV stability in nasal aspirates collected in VTM at 4°C was estimated by regression analysis of virus titers measured at several time points. Stability of these specimens stored at −80°C for 10–15 months after freezing by the method, which maintained RSV-A2 stability, was also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three standard deviations were calculated from our titration assay as 0.97 log<sub>10</sub> 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL), and RSV stability was defined as variation of virus titer from baseline within 1.0 log<sub>10</sub>TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. RSV-A2 in VTM at 4°C was stable for at least 120 h. Freezing at −80°C negatively affected virus stability, whereas freezing in liquid nitrogen or a dry ice-ethanol bath did not. RSV in nasal aspirates was stable for 2 days at 4°C and for 10–15 months at −80°C after snap freezing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RSV in nasal aspirates in VTM was estimated to be stable for 2 days at 4°C and for approximately 1 year at −80°C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Variants, Epidemiological Trends, and Comorbidities on Hospitalization Rates of Unvaccinated Children in Brazil: A Retrospective Study (2020–2022) 变异、流行病学趋势和合并症对巴西未接种疫苗儿童住院率的影响:一项回顾性研究(2020-2022 年)》。
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70011
Danielle Dias Conte, Raí André Silva Watanabe, Ana Paula Cunha Chaves, Felipe Alberto-Lei, Ana Helena Sita Perosa, Gabriela Barbosa, Nancy Bellei

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of the emergence of new variants and the epidemiological scenario on hospitalization rates of unvaccinated children (0–12 years) in Brazil. The study included 1614 children admitted to a hospital between March 2020 and December 2022 but 101 (6.3%) of them testing positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR. The frequency of COVID-19 cases increased from 7.5% in 2020 to 9.3% in 2022 with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Children over 5 years old with comorbidities accounted for most cases (69% [70/101]). Sickle cell anemia was the most frequent comorbidity (20%), and influenza-like illness (36% [36/101]) and decompensation of underlying disease (33% [33/101]) were the main reasons for hospitalization. Coinfection was detected in 11% of cases, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most common viral pathogen (71%). Hospital readmission occurred in 26% of cases, with a higher frequency in children over 5 years old. The death rate was 1.9%, with comorbidities such as cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease as risk factors. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize vaccination with monovalent Omicron XBB for high-risk groups, including children over 5 years old with comorbidities, to mitigate the impact of new variants and reduce severe disease outcomes.

本回顾性研究旨在调查新变种的出现和流行病学情况对巴西未接种疫苗儿童(0-12岁)住院率的影响。该研究包括2020年3月至2022年12月期间入院的1614名儿童,但其中101名(6.3%)通过RT-PCR检测呈阳性。随着欧米克隆变异的出现,2019冠状病毒病的发病率从2020年的7.5%上升到2022年的9.3%。伴有合并症的5岁以上儿童占多数(69%[70/101])。镰状细胞性贫血是最常见的合并症(20%),流感样疾病(36%[36/101])和基础疾病失代偿(33%[33/101])是住院的主要原因。在11%的病例中检测到合并感染,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是最常见的病毒病原体(71%)。26%的病例再入院,5岁以上儿童的再入院频率更高。死亡率为1.9%,伴有囊性纤维化和先天性心脏病等合并症为危险因素。这些发现强调需要优先为高危人群接种单价欧米克隆XBB疫苗,包括5岁以上有合并症的儿童,以减轻新变异的影响并减少严重的疾病结局。
{"title":"Impact of Variants, Epidemiological Trends, and Comorbidities on Hospitalization Rates of Unvaccinated Children in Brazil: A Retrospective Study (2020–2022)","authors":"Danielle Dias Conte,&nbsp;Raí André Silva Watanabe,&nbsp;Ana Paula Cunha Chaves,&nbsp;Felipe Alberto-Lei,&nbsp;Ana Helena Sita Perosa,&nbsp;Gabriela Barbosa,&nbsp;Nancy Bellei","doi":"10.1111/irv.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of the emergence of new variants and the epidemiological scenario on hospitalization rates of unvaccinated children (0–12 years) in Brazil. The study included 1614 children admitted to a hospital between March 2020 and December 2022 but 101 (6.3%) of them testing positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR. The frequency of COVID-19 cases increased from 7.5% in 2020 to 9.3% in 2022 with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Children over 5 years old with comorbidities accounted for most cases (69% [70/101]). Sickle cell anemia was the most frequent comorbidity (20%), and influenza-like illness (36% [36/101]) and decompensation of underlying disease (33% [33/101]) were the main reasons for hospitalization. Coinfection was detected in 11% of cases, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most common viral pathogen (71%). Hospital readmission occurred in 26% of cases, with a higher frequency in children over 5 years old. The death rate was 1.9%, with comorbidities such as cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease as risk factors. These findings emphasize the need to prioritize vaccination with monovalent Omicron XBB for high-risk groups, including children over 5 years old with comorbidities, to mitigate the impact of new variants and reduce severe disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Influenza A Virus Sialic Acid Binding Preference Predictions of a Sequence-Based Convolutional Neural Network 基于序列的卷积神经网络检测甲型流感病毒唾液酸结合偏好预测。
IF 4.3 4区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70044
Laura K. Borkenhagen, Jonathan A. Runstadler

Background

Though receptor binding specificity is well established as a contributor to host tropism and spillover potential of influenza A viruses, determining receptor binding preference of a specific virus still requires expensive and time-consuming laboratory analyses. In this study, we pilot a machine learning approach for prediction of binding preference.

Methods

We trained a convolutional neural network to predict the α2,6-linked sialic acid preference of influenza A viruses given the hemagglutinin amino acid sequence. The model was evaluated with an independent test dataset to assess the standard performance metrics, the impact of missing data in the test sequences, and the prediction performance on novel subtypes. Further, features found to be important to the generation of predictions were tested via targeted mutagenesis of H9 and H16 proteins expressed on pseudoviruses.

Results

The final model developed in this study produced predictions on a test dataset correctly 94% of the time and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. The model tolerated about 10% missing test data without compromising accurate prediction performance. Predictions on novel subtypes revealed that the model can extrapolate feature relationships between subtypes when generating binding predictions. Finally, evaluation of the features important for model predictions helped identify positions that alter the sialic acid conformation preference of hemagglutinin proteins in practice.

Conclusions

Ultimately, our results provide support to this in silico approach to hemagglutinin receptor binding preference prediction. This work emphasizes the need for ongoing research efforts to produce tools that may aid future pandemic risk assessment.

背景:虽然受体结合特异性是甲型流感病毒宿主趋向性和溢出潜力的一个重要因素,但确定特定病毒的受体结合偏好仍然需要昂贵且耗时的实验室分析。在这项研究中,我们尝试了一种机器学习方法来预测绑定偏好。方法:根据血凝素氨基酸序列,训练卷积神经网络预测甲型流感病毒对α2,6-链唾液酸的偏好。使用独立的测试数据集对模型进行评估,以评估标准性能指标、测试序列中缺失数据的影响以及对新亚型的预测性能。此外,通过靶向诱变假病毒上表达的H9和H16蛋白,对发现的对预测产生重要的特征进行了测试。结果:本研究开发的最终模型在测试数据集上产生预测的正确率为94%,接受者工作特征曲线下的面积为0.93。该模型在不影响准确预测性能的情况下容忍大约10%的测试数据缺失。对新亚型的预测表明,该模型可以在生成绑定预测时推断亚型之间的特征关系。最后,对模型预测的重要特征的评估有助于确定在实践中改变血凝素蛋白唾液酸构象偏好的位置。结论:最终,我们的结果为这种预测血凝素受体结合偏好的计算机方法提供了支持。这项工作强调需要进行持续的研究工作,以产生可能有助于未来大流行风险评估的工具。
{"title":"Examining the Influenza A Virus Sialic Acid Binding Preference Predictions of a Sequence-Based Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Laura K. Borkenhagen,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Runstadler","doi":"10.1111/irv.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irv.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Though receptor binding specificity is well established as a contributor to host tropism and spillover potential of influenza A viruses, determining receptor binding preference of a specific virus still requires expensive and time-consuming laboratory analyses. In this study, we pilot a machine learning approach for prediction of binding preference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We trained a convolutional neural network to predict the α2,6-linked sialic acid preference of influenza A viruses given the hemagglutinin amino acid sequence. The model was evaluated with an independent test dataset to assess the standard performance metrics, the impact of missing data in the test sequences, and the prediction performance on novel subtypes. Further, features found to be important to the generation of predictions were tested via targeted mutagenesis of H9 and H16 proteins expressed on pseudoviruses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final model developed in this study produced predictions on a test dataset correctly 94% of the time and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. The model tolerated about 10% missing test data without compromising accurate prediction performance. Predictions on novel subtypes revealed that the model can extrapolate feature relationships between subtypes when generating binding predictions. Finally, evaluation of the features important for model predictions helped identify positions that alter the sialic acid conformation preference of hemagglutinin proteins in practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultimately, our results provide support to this in silico approach to hemagglutinin receptor binding preference prediction. This work emphasizes the need for ongoing research efforts to produce tools that may aid future pandemic risk assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1