Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2123817
H. Chu, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Byung-Hee Choi, Jae Wook Kang, Chae Eun Son, Y. Ahn
Abstract Comprehensive analytical validation studies of a developed ion molecule reaction – mass spectrometer (IMR-MS) were undertaken for the real-time determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. The instrument was developed with a focus on promoting chemical ionization (CI) in the reaction chamber by direct sample loading and enhancing maintenance efficiency and reliability of the results. Instrument stability was assessed through a system check and pre-performance check process, and consequently, the instrumental and analytical conditions including the plasma generation, pressure, temperature, and flow rate were successfully optimized. Relevant performance characteristics, such as mass resolution, mass detection range, accuracy, and precision were also investigated by VOC standards composed of benzene, toluene, perfluorotoluene, propylbenzene, and octane. To evaluate whether the performance of the technology is comparable to already accepted techniques, the quantitative results of the IMR-MS were compared with those of a commercial mass spectrometer. This evaluation was successful and suggests the applicability of the technology for spillage accidents of hazardous chemicals and identification of odor-causing substances as well as for real-time gas analysis.
{"title":"Real-time determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by ion molecule reaction – mass spectrometry (IMR-MS)","authors":"H. Chu, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Byung-Hee Choi, Jae Wook Kang, Chae Eun Son, Y. Ahn","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2123817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2123817","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comprehensive analytical validation studies of a developed ion molecule reaction – mass spectrometer (IMR-MS) were undertaken for the real-time determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. The instrument was developed with a focus on promoting chemical ionization (CI) in the reaction chamber by direct sample loading and enhancing maintenance efficiency and reliability of the results. Instrument stability was assessed through a system check and pre-performance check process, and consequently, the instrumental and analytical conditions including the plasma generation, pressure, temperature, and flow rate were successfully optimized. Relevant performance characteristics, such as mass resolution, mass detection range, accuracy, and precision were also investigated by VOC standards composed of benzene, toluene, perfluorotoluene, propylbenzene, and octane. To evaluate whether the performance of the technology is comparable to already accepted techniques, the quantitative results of the IMR-MS were compared with those of a commercial mass spectrometer. This evaluation was successful and suggests the applicability of the technology for spillage accidents of hazardous chemicals and identification of odor-causing substances as well as for real-time gas analysis.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"260 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42746546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2122996
R. Challhua, A. Champi
Abstract A low-cost 3D-printing system is reported for the deposition of thin films by a dip-coating technique. The structure was constructed using 3D-printed pieces of polylactic acid (PLA) joined by simple snap-fit. This structure assembly and design simplifies the construction and replicability of dip-coating equipment. The components used are affordable and accessible, reducing the cost of implementation. An Arduino controls the system through a C++ program that varies the pulling and dipping speed from 0.5 to 20 mm/s. The pulling and dipping process uses a servomotor motion transformed into linear by a rack and pinion mechanism. The performance of the presented system was validated by comparison of thin-film reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto gold. The rGO thin films obtained were homogeneous and smooth, capable of being used as electrodes in biosensors.
{"title":"Low-cost 3D-printing system for the deposition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films by dip-coating with application for electrode fabrication","authors":"R. Challhua, A. Champi","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2122996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2122996","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A low-cost 3D-printing system is reported for the deposition of thin films by a dip-coating technique. The structure was constructed using 3D-printed pieces of polylactic acid (PLA) joined by simple snap-fit. This structure assembly and design simplifies the construction and replicability of dip-coating equipment. The components used are affordable and accessible, reducing the cost of implementation. An Arduino controls the system through a C++ program that varies the pulling and dipping speed from 0.5 to 20 mm/s. The pulling and dipping process uses a servomotor motion transformed into linear by a rack and pinion mechanism. The performance of the presented system was validated by comparison of thin-film reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto gold. The rGO thin films obtained were homogeneous and smooth, capable of being used as electrodes in biosensors.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"241 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49415785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2123343
Wenyin Li, Jinghua Hu, Dong Wang
Abstract This article reports a distributed thermal monitoring approach for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The detecting system is based on using an electrically non-conductive and electromagnetic interference-free fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor embedded in the stator of PMSMs. FBG thermal sensors with different annealing temperature were fabricated and integrated with a motor stator, and their accuracy for temperature measurement was evaluated. According to the experimental results, the error within 200 °C is limited between −6 °C and 2 °C when the annealing temperature is 95 °C, and the error decreases to ±1 °C when the annealing temperature is 120 °C, indicating that performance of FBG thermal sensor is improved by increasing the annealing temperature. This article provides methodogical guidance for improving the accuracy of stator temperature distribution measurements based on the FBG thermal sensor.
{"title":"Characterization of the temperature distribution of a polymer permanent magnet synchronous motor with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)","authors":"Wenyin Li, Jinghua Hu, Dong Wang","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2123343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2123343","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports a distributed thermal monitoring approach for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The detecting system is based on using an electrically non-conductive and electromagnetic interference-free fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor embedded in the stator of PMSMs. FBG thermal sensors with different annealing temperature were fabricated and integrated with a motor stator, and their accuracy for temperature measurement was evaluated. According to the experimental results, the error within 200 °C is limited between −6 °C and 2 °C when the annealing temperature is 95 °C, and the error decreases to ±1 °C when the annealing temperature is 120 °C, indicating that performance of FBG thermal sensor is improved by increasing the annealing temperature. This article provides methodogical guidance for improving the accuracy of stator temperature distribution measurements based on the FBG thermal sensor.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"250 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49198949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A metal organic framework (MOF)-based monolithic column was prepared by in situ polymerization using modified MIL-101-NH2 and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as monomers. The monolithic column was used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for on-line enrichment and preliminary purification of diosmetin in traditional Chinese medicine. After being characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption, the advantages of the monolithic column with MIL-101-NH2 added were reflected in the pore structure and specific surface area. The monolithic column for SPE had a linear relationship from 0.13 µg/mL to 5.0 × 102 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.04 µg/mL and 0.13 µg/mL, respectively. The recovery was from 96% to 104%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 1.1%. This method was suitable for the determination of diosmetin in complex samples.
{"title":"Preparation of a metal organic framework (MOF)-based monolithic column for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of diosmetin from traditional Chinese medicine with determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)","authors":"Sha Wang, Yamei Han, Jing Chen, Ligai Bai, Hongyuan Yan, Haiyan Liu","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2120894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2120894","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A metal organic framework (MOF)-based monolithic column was prepared by in situ polymerization using modified MIL-101-NH2 and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as monomers. The monolithic column was used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for on-line enrichment and preliminary purification of diosmetin in traditional Chinese medicine. After being characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption, the advantages of the monolithic column with MIL-101-NH2 added were reflected in the pore structure and specific surface area. The monolithic column for SPE had a linear relationship from 0.13 µg/mL to 5.0 × 102 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.04 µg/mL and 0.13 µg/mL, respectively. The recovery was from 96% to 104%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 1.1%. This method was suitable for the determination of diosmetin in complex samples.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"222 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2115511
S. Durdağı, F. Güzel
Abstract Emitted X-ray energies, line shapes, fluorescence yields, absorption probabilities and absorption edges of the elements are X-ray fundamental parameters that are of practical significance because they facilitate compositional analysis of complex materials. They are also a potent test of atomic theory. The chemical effects may cause changes in the energy of the X-ray lines and line shapes, such as the full width at half maximum and asymmetry index values depending on the chemical state of the substance. Although these effects vary for each element, the causes of these differences have been investigated. In this study, changes in chemical action values of lanthanide group compounds were investigated using a single crystal wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer equipped with a rhodium anode X-ray tube. The Ll and Lη X-ray emission lines are characterized by fitting of the Lorentz function. The chemical shift was investigated according to the chemical bond type, molecular structure, and oxidation number.
{"title":"Characterization of the chemical shift and asymmetry indices of praseodium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, and terbium compounds by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF)","authors":"S. Durdağı, F. Güzel","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2115511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2115511","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Emitted X-ray energies, line shapes, fluorescence yields, absorption probabilities and absorption edges of the elements are X-ray fundamental parameters that are of practical significance because they facilitate compositional analysis of complex materials. They are also a potent test of atomic theory. The chemical effects may cause changes in the energy of the X-ray lines and line shapes, such as the full width at half maximum and asymmetry index values depending on the chemical state of the substance. Although these effects vary for each element, the causes of these differences have been investigated. In this study, changes in chemical action values of lanthanide group compounds were investigated using a single crystal wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer equipped with a rhodium anode X-ray tube. The Ll and Lη X-ray emission lines are characterized by fitting of the Lorentz function. The chemical shift was investigated according to the chemical bond type, molecular structure, and oxidation number.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"209 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2115061
P. Gao, Xiaolin Zheng, Y. Liu, Zi-Xuan Wang
Abstract A relative humidity (RH) sensor is reported based upon a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) – Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating. The structure for sensing was prepared by fusing photonic crystal fiber to two single-mode fibers (SMFs) and completely collapsing the air holes of photonic crystal fiber in the fusion area to act as the beam splitter and coupler. By a lifting method, two to four layers of polyvinyl alcohol films were coated upon the photonic crystal fiber to characterize the influence of its thickness upon the sensitivity of the device for relative humidity. The experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity of this relative humidity sensor is 51.9 pm/% when the photonic crystal fiber surface is coated with three layers of polyvinyl alcohol film.
{"title":"Monitoring relative humidity using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) senor based upon a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)","authors":"P. Gao, Xiaolin Zheng, Y. Liu, Zi-Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2115061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2115061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A relative humidity (RH) sensor is reported based upon a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) – Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating. The structure for sensing was prepared by fusing photonic crystal fiber to two single-mode fibers (SMFs) and completely collapsing the air holes of photonic crystal fiber in the fusion area to act as the beam splitter and coupler. By a lifting method, two to four layers of polyvinyl alcohol films were coated upon the photonic crystal fiber to characterize the influence of its thickness upon the sensitivity of the device for relative humidity. The experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity of this relative humidity sensor is 51.9 pm/% when the photonic crystal fiber surface is coated with three layers of polyvinyl alcohol film.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"198 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2111575
Yang Yu, Yuan-xin Li, Feng Xia, Bo Liu
Abstract A strain and temperature dual-parameter measurement device using cascaded optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is reported in which both wavelength demodulation and phase demodulation are employed with the the parameters. A single-mode fiber (SMF), a short length of hollow-core fiber (HCF), a short section of SMF, and an HCF are spliced together to form the cascaded FPIs. In this structure, two dominant interference cavities are formed and two FPIs are generated, which are an air-cavity FPI and an air-silica cavity FPI. The sensitivities of the air-cavity FPI and the air-silica cavity FPI to strain or temperature are different, allowing the measurement of both parameters. In terms of wavelength demodulation, the temperature sensitivity of the air-cavity FPI (designated as FPI1) is 1.39 pm/°C and that of the air-silica cavity (designated as FPI2) is 8.56 pm/°C from 25 to 85 °C. In the strain range from 0 to 800 με, the strain sensitivity of FPI1 is 0.5 pm/με and that of FPI2 is 1.13 pm/με. Based on the sensitivity difference of the two FPIs, fixing the sensitivity matrix allows for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. In addition, the dual parameters may also be measured by tracking the phase variations corresponding to the two FPIs. The reported sensor offers a simple splicing process, easy manufacture, low cost, and stable performance and provides a reference for dual-parameter dynamic measurements.
{"title":"Dual determination of strain and temperature using cascaded fiber Fabry–Perot interferometers with wavelength and phase demodulation","authors":"Yang Yu, Yuan-xin Li, Feng Xia, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2111575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2111575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A strain and temperature dual-parameter measurement device using cascaded optical fiber Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is reported in which both wavelength demodulation and phase demodulation are employed with the the parameters. A single-mode fiber (SMF), a short length of hollow-core fiber (HCF), a short section of SMF, and an HCF are spliced together to form the cascaded FPIs. In this structure, two dominant interference cavities are formed and two FPIs are generated, which are an air-cavity FPI and an air-silica cavity FPI. The sensitivities of the air-cavity FPI and the air-silica cavity FPI to strain or temperature are different, allowing the measurement of both parameters. In terms of wavelength demodulation, the temperature sensitivity of the air-cavity FPI (designated as FPI1) is 1.39 pm/°C and that of the air-silica cavity (designated as FPI2) is 8.56 pm/°C from 25 to 85 °C. In the strain range from 0 to 800 με, the strain sensitivity of FPI1 is 0.5 pm/με and that of FPI2 is 1.13 pm/με. Based on the sensitivity difference of the two FPIs, fixing the sensitivity matrix allows for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements. In addition, the dual parameters may also be measured by tracking the phase variations corresponding to the two FPIs. The reported sensor offers a simple splicing process, easy manufacture, low cost, and stable performance and provides a reference for dual-parameter dynamic measurements.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"183 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2109161
Dan Yang, Yijin Li, Bin Xu, Zhulin Wei, T. Cheng, Xu Wang
Abstract A surface-modified D-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is reported for application as a polarization filter and refractive index sensor. The gold film is deposited on the surface of the designed fiber structure to stimulate the SPR effect. Through etching, the upper surface of the designed structure forms an angle of 170°. The etching angle changes the distance between the fiber core and the surface of gold film to enhance the local field SPR effect. The designed optical device is numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM), the mode distribution is studied, and the coupling phenomenon is analyzed. At a wavelength of 1.31 µm, the y-polarization loss is 1307.90 dB/cm, while the loss of x-polarization is 1.13 dB/cm; at 1.55 µm, the y-polarization loss is 1755.19 dB/cm, while the x-polarization loss is only 1.24 dB/cm. In the case of the same structure parameters as the proposed polarization filter, of which communication window is 1.55 µm, the designed structure also serves as a refractive index sensor from 1.330 to 1.365. The average sensitivity of the refractive index sensor is up to 4857 nm/RIU, and the highest sensitivity is 7588 nm/RIU when the refractive index is 1.365. The results show that the reported SPR-based PCF simultaneously implements dual communication window polarization filtering and refractive index sensing. Hence, the designed device has promising applications with good filtering and sensing performance.
{"title":"Modified D-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for application as a polarization filter and refractive index sensor","authors":"Dan Yang, Yijin Li, Bin Xu, Zhulin Wei, T. Cheng, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2109161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2109161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A surface-modified D-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is reported for application as a polarization filter and refractive index sensor. The gold film is deposited on the surface of the designed fiber structure to stimulate the SPR effect. Through etching, the upper surface of the designed structure forms an angle of 170°. The etching angle changes the distance between the fiber core and the surface of gold film to enhance the local field SPR effect. The designed optical device is numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM), the mode distribution is studied, and the coupling phenomenon is analyzed. At a wavelength of 1.31 µm, the y-polarization loss is 1307.90 dB/cm, while the loss of x-polarization is 1.13 dB/cm; at 1.55 µm, the y-polarization loss is 1755.19 dB/cm, while the x-polarization loss is only 1.24 dB/cm. In the case of the same structure parameters as the proposed polarization filter, of which communication window is 1.55 µm, the designed structure also serves as a refractive index sensor from 1.330 to 1.365. The average sensitivity of the refractive index sensor is up to 4857 nm/RIU, and the highest sensitivity is 7588 nm/RIU when the refractive index is 1.365. The results show that the reported SPR-based PCF simultaneously implements dual communication window polarization filtering and refractive index sensing. Hence, the designed device has promising applications with good filtering and sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"162 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46410631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2108832
Natheer A. Algadri, Ahmad M. Al-Diabat, N. M. Ahmed
Abstract The chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used to synthesis zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films without annealing treatment. The thin films were grown on a glass substrate under various Zn:S ratios (1:1,1:2, 1:3). The spray solution was prepared by combining zinc acetate dihydrate and thiourea as precursor materials for Zn2+ and S2- ions, with deionized water serving as the solvent. The results of the ZnS film on glass showed a well-characterized thin film acquired using Zn:S of (1:1,1:2,1:3) molar ratio, nozzle to substrate distance (NSD) of 30 cm and a substrate temperature of 300 °C. Strong peaks (111) were obtained for all samples via X-ray diffraction analysis. The photoluminescence spectrum showed three distinctive peaks at roughly 2.36, 2.98, and 3.6 eV and the energy gap of the synthesized thin film was 3.66 eV. The MSM photodetectors (PDs) made from the layers on glass substrate showed response to UV illumination (400 nm), exhibiting a photosensitivity of 665% at base voltage of 3 V.
{"title":"Zinc sulfide based thin film photodetector prepared by spray pyrolysis","authors":"Natheer A. Algadri, Ahmad M. Al-Diabat, N. M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2108832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2108832","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chemical spray pyrolysis technique was used to synthesis zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films without annealing treatment. The thin films were grown on a glass substrate under various Zn:S ratios (1:1,1:2, 1:3). The spray solution was prepared by combining zinc acetate dihydrate and thiourea as precursor materials for Zn2+ and S2- ions, with deionized water serving as the solvent. The results of the ZnS film on glass showed a well-characterized thin film acquired using Zn:S of (1:1,1:2,1:3) molar ratio, nozzle to substrate distance (NSD) of 30 cm and a substrate temperature of 300 °C. Strong peaks (111) were obtained for all samples via X-ray diffraction analysis. The photoluminescence spectrum showed three distinctive peaks at roughly 2.36, 2.98, and 3.6 eV and the energy gap of the synthesized thin film was 3.66 eV. The MSM photodetectors (PDs) made from the layers on glass substrate showed response to UV illumination (400 nm), exhibiting a photosensitivity of 665% at base voltage of 3 V.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"144 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2022.2108440
Mohsen Salimi, S. Nouroozi
Abstract Nitrite is a carcinogenic substance and its measurement in water samples is important to protect mankind. Here we have introduced a simple and inexpensive fluidic system for the online determination of nitrite in water samples. For this purpose, a highly sensitive, optical flow cell detector was fabricated and used in a fluidic system to prepare a compact unit for nitrite monitoring. Safranin solution in acidic media was used in the system for the sensitive and selective determination of nitrite. In acidic media, nitrite reacted with safranin to form a diazonium salt which caused the dye in the solution to change from reddish-orange to blue. The safranin solution absorbance, which is related to nitrite concentration, was monitored by the fabricated photometer with the flow detector at 525 nm. Water samples were processed to evaluate the effectiveness of both the introduced system and the analytical procedure. Good analytical performance was obtained, including a linear response from 0.3 up to 3 mg/l nitrite (r = 0.9918) with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/l and a relative standard deviation of 4.24% (n = 10), using the proposed setup.
{"title":"Inexpensive spectrophotometric determination of nitrite with a laboratory-constructed flow cell","authors":"Mohsen Salimi, S. Nouroozi","doi":"10.1080/10739149.2022.2108440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2022.2108440","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nitrite is a carcinogenic substance and its measurement in water samples is important to protect mankind. Here we have introduced a simple and inexpensive fluidic system for the online determination of nitrite in water samples. For this purpose, a highly sensitive, optical flow cell detector was fabricated and used in a fluidic system to prepare a compact unit for nitrite monitoring. Safranin solution in acidic media was used in the system for the sensitive and selective determination of nitrite. In acidic media, nitrite reacted with safranin to form a diazonium salt which caused the dye in the solution to change from reddish-orange to blue. The safranin solution absorbance, which is related to nitrite concentration, was monitored by the fabricated photometer with the flow detector at 525 nm. Water samples were processed to evaluate the effectiveness of both the introduced system and the analytical procedure. Good analytical performance was obtained, including a linear response from 0.3 up to 3 mg/l nitrite (r = 0.9918) with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/l and a relative standard deviation of 4.24% (n = 10), using the proposed setup.","PeriodicalId":13547,"journal":{"name":"Instrumentation Science & Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"132 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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