Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106354
Liping Zhang, Haitao He, Meiling Zhang, Junyan Su
The efficient detection of Terahertz (THz) waves remains a pivotal yet challenging frontier in scientific research. This study delves into THz wave detection in Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) with quantum effect. By employing a self-consistent quantum hydrodynamic model and boundary conditions, we derived dispersion relation and the detector’s responsivity. Numerical simulations were conducted to explore the impact of quantum effects, electron interactions with phonons and impurities, and electron fluid viscosity on the responsivity of THz waves in FETs. The findings indicate a significant enhancement in responsivity due to quantum effects, whereas electron–phonon/impurity interactions and electron fluid viscosity tend to diminish it. These theoretical findings provide critical insights for experimental optimization and the development of high-performance THz detectors. In summary, this study demonstrates substantial potential for practical applications.
{"title":"Research on THz wave detection in field-effect transistors with quantum effect","authors":"Liping Zhang, Haitao He, Meiling Zhang, Junyan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient detection of Terahertz (THz) waves remains a pivotal yet challenging frontier in scientific research. This study delves into THz wave detection in Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) with quantum effect. By employing a self-consistent quantum hydrodynamic model and boundary conditions, we derived dispersion relation and the detector’s responsivity. Numerical simulations were conducted to explore the impact of quantum effects, electron interactions with phonons and impurities, and electron fluid viscosity on the responsivity of THz waves in FETs. The findings indicate a significant enhancement in responsivity due to quantum effects, whereas electron–phonon/impurity interactions and electron fluid viscosity tend to diminish it. These theoretical findings provide critical insights for experimental optimization and the development of high-performance THz detectors. In summary, this study demonstrates substantial potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106366
Zeqian Liu , Hui Chen , Jiashuo An , Junhong Chen , Bingzheng Yan , Yulei Wang , Zhiwei Lu , Zhenxu Bai
Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) demonstrate enhanced information-carrying capacity, making them particularly valuable for high-capacity optical communications. Additionally, petal-like LG beams exhibit unique advantages for spin angular velocity measurements due to their distinctive intensity profiles and phase singularity characteristics. However, current laser systems face significant challenges in achieving direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams outputs. This study presents a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser system capable of direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams. By introducing specifically engineered spot defects of varying dimensions in the resonator mirrors of a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser system, we demonstrate tunable vortex beam generation from 1st to 6th order through cavity length adjustments. Furthermore, mode conversion between vortex and petal-like beams is achieved using an off-axis pumping scheme, in which the pump beam is intentionally displaced from the center of the defect. Using this approach, stable petal-like LG modes ranging from LG0,1 to LG0,12. are successfully generated. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time an intracavity LG mode conversion strategy that combines engineered spot defects with off-axis pumping, providing a compact and versatile platform for flexible structured-light generation.
{"title":"Intracavity switchable Laguerre–Gaussian mode generation in a side-pumped Nd:YAG laser via spot defect and off-axis pumping","authors":"Zeqian Liu , Hui Chen , Jiashuo An , Junhong Chen , Bingzheng Yan , Yulei Wang , Zhiwei Lu , Zhenxu Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) demonstrate enhanced information-carrying capacity, making them particularly valuable for high-capacity optical communications. Additionally, petal-like LG beams exhibit unique advantages for spin angular velocity measurements due to their distinctive intensity profiles and phase singularity characteristics. However, current laser systems face significant challenges in achieving direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams outputs. This study presents a side-pumped Nd:YAG<!--> <!-->laser system capable of direct switching between high-order vortex beams and petal-like beams. By introducing specifically engineered spot defects of varying dimensions in the resonator mirrors of a side-pumped Nd:YAG<!--> <!-->laser system, we demonstrate tunable vortex beam generation from 1st to 6th order through cavity length adjustments. Furthermore, mode conversion between vortex and petal-like beams is achieved using an off-axis pumping scheme, in which the pump beam is intentionally displaced from the center of the defect. Using this approach, stable petal-like LG modes ranging from LG<sub>0,1</sub> to LG<sub>0,12</sub>. are successfully generated. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time an intracavity LG mode conversion strategy that combines engineered spot defects with off-axis pumping, providing a compact and versatile platform for flexible structured-light generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106355
Wensheng Zhang , Linjun Li , Xiaoming Duan , Haidong Gu , Hong Liang
In this paper, a high-power and efficient holmium-doped scandium silicate (Ho:SSO) laser featuring a tandem-set multiple concentrations scheme is demonstrated, where enhanced power scalability and conversion efficiency were achieved. A continuous-wave output power of 30.8 W was attained, with a slope efficiency of 74.2 %. A good beam quality factor of 1.3 was maintained throughout maximum power operation. When operated under acousto-optic Q-switching conditions at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, a pulse energy of 2.2 mJ was obtained with a pulse width of 24 ns, resulting in peak power levels exceeding 90 kW.
{"title":"High power and efficient Ho-doped scandium silicate laser using tandem-set multiple concentrations scheme","authors":"Wensheng Zhang , Linjun Li , Xiaoming Duan , Haidong Gu , Hong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a high-power and efficient holmium-doped scandium silicate (Ho:SSO) laser featuring a tandem-set multiple concentrations scheme is demonstrated, where enhanced power scalability and conversion efficiency were achieved. A continuous-wave output power of 30.8 W was attained, with a slope efficiency of 74.2 %. A good beam quality factor of 1.3 was maintained throughout maximum power operation. When operated under acousto-optic Q-switching conditions at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, a pulse energy of 2.2 mJ was obtained with a pulse width of 24 ns, resulting in peak power levels exceeding 90 kW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106363
Lixia Li , Jianwei Ban , Feiyou Liu , Ning Feng , Yufang Liu
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing light-matter interactions in nanophotonics as well as for the development of high-performance sensing applications. In this paper, we investigate a dielectric metasurface stack featuring a silicon (Si) grating as the top layer and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer below it, which is supported by a metal reflector. By tailoring BIC, the wavelength of perfect absorption can be tuned from visible to the near-infrared region, which is caused by three eigenmodes. Two of which correspond to accidental BICs with toroidal dipole (TD) characteristics, by varying the thickness of SiO2 spacer layer for perfect absorption, while another corresponds to a symmetry-protected BIC with TD characteristics, by altering the interspacing between the Si grating pairs to break the structural symmetry for perfect absorption. Significantly, the metasurface also displays considerable sensing potential in the visible light and near-infrared regions. The results show that the maximum sensitivity in refractive index sensing reaches 646.7 nm/RIU. In temperature sensing applications, when the sensing temperature ranges from 20 °C to 100 °C, the metasurface can achieve a sensitivity index of 0.215 nm/°C. Our research enhances the understanding of BICs and is expected to contribute to the development of ultra-high sensitivity sensors for refractive index and temperature sensing in the wide wavelength range.
{"title":"Bic-driven wavelength tunable perfect absorption for sensing application","authors":"Lixia Li , Jianwei Ban , Feiyou Liu , Ning Feng , Yufang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing light-matter interactions in nanophotonics as well as for the development of high-performance sensing applications. In this paper, we investigate a dielectric metasurface stack featuring a silicon (Si) grating as the top layer and a silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) layer below it, which is supported by a metal reflector. By tailoring BIC, the wavelength of perfect absorption can be tuned from visible to the near-infrared region, which is caused by three eigenmodes. Two of which correspond to accidental BICs with toroidal dipole (TD) characteristics, by varying the thickness of SiO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer for perfect absorption, while another corresponds to a symmetry-protected BIC with TD characteristics, by altering the interspacing between the Si grating pairs to break the structural symmetry for perfect absorption. Significantly, the metasurface also displays considerable sensing potential in the visible light and near-infrared regions. The results show that the maximum sensitivity in refractive index sensing reaches 646.7 nm/RIU. In temperature sensing applications, when the sensing temperature ranges from 20 °C to 100 °C, the metasurface can achieve a sensitivity index of 0.215 nm/°C. Our research enhances the understanding of BICs and is expected to contribute to the development of ultra-high sensitivity sensors for refractive index and temperature sensing in the wide wavelength range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106309
Jie Wang , Mingzhao Wang , Feng Qian , Xiong Bao , Ruyi Jia , Chao Wang , Xuan Yang , Kai Wang , Xiaofeng Guo
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology enables high-precision measurement of gas concentration by detecting the absorption characteristics of gas samples using lasers at specific wavelengths, featuring real-time monitoring, non-contact measurement, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. This paper reviews the research progress of this technology in water vapor concentration measurement and methods for improving detection sensitivity. The technical innovations in laser improvements, gas absorption cell design, signal demodulation and background interference suppression, as well as environmental adaptability and measurement limits are discussed. The sensitivity enhancement effects of different technical routes are analyzed, highlighting the importance of temperature and pressure compensation, as well as background noise suppression, in enhancing the detection limit and sensitivity of water vapor concentration. The application scenarios of TDLAS water vapor concentration measurement technology in complex and harsh environments are summarized. Finally, the paper outlines the future development directions of TDLAS technology in environmental monitoring and industrial applications.
{"title":"Advances in enhancing the sensitivity of TDLAS for water vapor concentration detection − A review","authors":"Jie Wang , Mingzhao Wang , Feng Qian , Xiong Bao , Ruyi Jia , Chao Wang , Xuan Yang , Kai Wang , Xiaofeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology enables high-precision measurement of gas concentration by detecting the absorption characteristics of gas samples using lasers at specific wavelengths, featuring real-time monitoring, non-contact measurement, high sensitivity, and high selectivity. This paper reviews the research progress of this technology in water vapor concentration measurement and methods for improving detection sensitivity. The technical innovations in laser improvements, gas absorption cell design, signal demodulation and background interference suppression, as well as environmental adaptability and measurement limits are discussed. The sensitivity enhancement effects of different technical routes are analyzed, highlighting the importance of temperature and pressure compensation, as well as background noise suppression, in enhancing the detection limit and sensitivity of water vapor concentration. The application scenarios of TDLAS water vapor concentration measurement technology in complex and harsh environments are summarized. Finally, the paper outlines the future development directions of TDLAS technology in environmental monitoring and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106349
Xiaopeng Han , Junbo Niu , Xueheng Yan , Yundong Zhang , Fan Wang , Siyu Lin , Wuliji Hasi , Yuan Wei
Fiber curvature sensing has attracted increasing interest due to its high sensitivity, structural versatility, and real-time response. In this work, we propose an intelligent vector curvature sensing system based on a composite optical fiber structure that combines a multimode–OHTC Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with an etched triple-core fiber Bragg grating (TCF-FBG). Theoretical and experimental analyses verify that the hybrid MZI–TCF-FBG configuration enables high-sensitivity intensity-modulated vector curvature sensing, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 23.41 dB/m−1. To further enhance sensing speed and avoid reliance on wavelength tracking, a spectral pattern–recognition framework is developed using a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). With unified data preprocessing and cross-validation, the optimized 2D CNN + MLP model yields a minimum mean-square error of 0.002 m−1 and an R2 value approaching 1, demonstrating excellent accuracy and generalization. The proposed method offers a promising route toward rapid, robust, and high-precision vector curvature sensing.
{"title":"Hybrid convolutional neural network optical fiber vector curvature sensing via spectral pattern recognition","authors":"Xiaopeng Han , Junbo Niu , Xueheng Yan , Yundong Zhang , Fan Wang , Siyu Lin , Wuliji Hasi , Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber curvature sensing has attracted increasing interest due to its high sensitivity, structural versatility, and real-time response. In this work, we propose an intelligent vector curvature sensing system based on a composite optical fiber structure that combines a multimode–OHTC Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with an etched triple-core fiber Bragg grating (TCF-FBG). Theoretical and experimental analyses verify that the hybrid MZI–TCF-FBG configuration enables high-sensitivity intensity-modulated vector curvature sensing, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 23.41 dB/m<sup>−1</sup>. To further enhance sensing speed and avoid reliance on wavelength tracking, a spectral pattern–recognition framework is developed using a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). With unified data preprocessing and cross-validation, the optimized 2D CNN + MLP model yields a minimum mean-square error of 0.002 m<sup>−1</sup> and an R<sup>2</sup> value approaching 1, demonstrating excellent accuracy and generalization. The proposed method offers a promising route toward rapid, robust, and high-precision vector curvature sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106345
Sibei Li, Xin Song, Yuxuan Li
The process of detecting small targets in single-frame infrared images poses a considerable challenge, particularly in complex scenes where the appearance of the target is comparable to that of the background. The challenges associated with deep learning methods can be attributed to the feature information loss during the continuous extraction and transmission of features, as well as the inadequate semantic feature correlation between small targets and the background. The proposed BSTNA-Net is an attention-based nested network with a bottleneck Swin Transformer. Specifically, a residual-attention structure incorporating serial channel and spatial attention is combined with a nested U-Net architecture, thereby achieving adaptive feature enhancement while enabling dense feature reuse across skip connections of varying spans. Moreover, a Wavelet Down-sampling Block is employed to supersede traditional pooling layers. This is achieved by integrating wavelet transformation with grouped feature reconstruction, thereby minimizing the loss of information from the deep layers. In addition, the Bottleneck Swin Transformer Block is integrated into the network to process deep feature maps, and the shifted window self-attention mechanism is employed to enhance the global feature extraction capability of the deep neural network, thereby improving the detection and segmentation accuracy of small infrared targets. A series of experiments on the IRSTD-1k and NUDT-SIRST datasets have been conducted, the results of which indicate that the proposed BSTNA-Net is at the leading edge in terms of detection performance and computational efficiency.
{"title":"BSTNA-Net: Nested attention network with bottleneck Swin Transformer for infrared small target detection","authors":"Sibei Li, Xin Song, Yuxuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of detecting small targets in single-frame infrared images poses a considerable challenge, particularly in complex scenes where the appearance of the target is comparable to that of the background. The challenges associated with deep learning methods can be attributed to the feature information loss during the continuous extraction and transmission of features, as well as the inadequate semantic feature correlation between small targets and the background. The proposed BSTNA-Net is an attention-based nested network with a bottleneck Swin Transformer. Specifically, a residual-attention structure incorporating serial channel and spatial attention is combined with a nested U-Net architecture, thereby achieving adaptive feature enhancement while enabling dense feature reuse across skip connections of varying spans. Moreover, a Wavelet Down-sampling Block is employed to supersede traditional pooling layers. This is achieved by integrating wavelet transformation with grouped feature reconstruction, thereby minimizing the loss of information from the deep layers. In addition, the Bottleneck Swin Transformer Block is integrated into the network to process deep feature maps, and the shifted window self-attention mechanism is employed to enhance the global feature extraction capability of the deep neural network, thereby improving the detection and segmentation accuracy of small infrared targets. A series of experiments on the IRSTD-1k and NUDT-SIRST datasets have been conducted, the results of which indicate that the proposed BSTNA-Net is at the leading edge in terms of detection performance and computational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106364
Jin Yang , Xiutao Yang , Jun Gou , Hang Yu , Zexu Wang , Yuchao Wei , Laijiang Wei , Chunyu Li , He Yu , Hongxi Zhou , Yun Zhou , Jun Wang
Research on photoconductive devices based on SeTe alloy remains limited, especially in compositional optimization, interface engineering, and scalable manufacturing techniques. Here, we present a Se0.3Te0.7 photoconductive detector optimized for 1550 nm wavelength through pre-metal annealing-enabled TeOx passivation. Annealing the Se0.3Te0.7 alloy prior to electrode deposition forms a TeOx interfacial layer that passivates surface states and reduces dark current by nearly an order of magnitude. The optimized device achieves an enhanced responsivity of 57.7 mA W−1 at −1 V bias with a 10 μm channel length, representing a 58.6 % improvement compared to traditional methods. Device performance is further tunable via channel length and bias voltage, with shorter channels demonstrating superior speed. This work presents a scalable, low-cost fabrication strategy for SeTe-based photodetectors, bridging the gap between material innovation and practical C-band applications in short-wave infrared (SWIR) detection.
基于SeTe合金的光导器件的研究仍然有限，特别是在成分优化，界面工程和可扩展的制造技术方面。在这里，我们提出了一个Se0.3Te0.7光导探测器，通过金属前退火使TeOx钝化，优化为1550 nm波长。在电极沉积之前，对Se0.3Te0.7合金进行退火，形成TeOx界面层，钝化表面状态并将暗电流降低近一个数量级。优化后的器件在- 1 V偏置和10 μm通道长度下的响应度提高到57.7 mA W−1，比传统方法提高了58.6%。器件性能通过通道长度和偏置电压进一步可调，更短的通道显示出更高的速度。这项工作提出了一种可扩展的、低成本的基于set的光电探测器制造策略，弥合了材料创新与短波红外（SWIR）探测中实际c波段应用之间的差距。
{"title":"TeOx interfacial passivation for Se0.3Te0.7 photoconductive detectors at 1550 nm","authors":"Jin Yang , Xiutao Yang , Jun Gou , Hang Yu , Zexu Wang , Yuchao Wei , Laijiang Wei , Chunyu Li , He Yu , Hongxi Zhou , Yun Zhou , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on photoconductive devices based on SeTe alloy remains limited, especially in compositional optimization, interface engineering, and scalable manufacturing techniques. Here, we present a Se<sub>0.3</sub>Te<sub>0.7</sub> photoconductive detector optimized for 1550 nm wavelength through pre-metal annealing-enabled TeO<sub>x</sub> passivation. Annealing the Se<sub>0.3</sub>Te<sub>0.7</sub> alloy prior to electrode deposition forms a TeO<sub>x</sub> interfacial layer that passivates surface states and reduces dark current by nearly an order of magnitude. The optimized device achieves an enhanced responsivity of 57.7 mA W<sup>−1</sup> at −1 V bias with a 10 μm channel length, representing a 58.6 % improvement compared to traditional methods. Device performance is further tunable via channel length and bias voltage, with shorter channels demonstrating superior speed. This work presents a scalable, low-cost fabrication strategy for SeTe-based photodetectors, bridging the gap between material innovation and practical C-band applications in short-wave infrared (SWIR) detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106356
Guoqing Wang , Guolin Wang , Jia Yu , Zuozheng Chen , Jinglai Zheng , Buyue Zhao , Shanggeng Li , Liping Liu , Haiming Huang
The high-temperature spectral emissivity of thermal protection materials is critical for the design and evaluation of thermal protection systems. In order to achieve effective traceability of spectral characteristic parameters under hypersonic flight conditions, a system for in-situ measurement of ultra-high temperature spectral emissivity in a high-frequency plasma wind tunnel was developed. The spectral characteristics of material thermal radiation in the plasma wind tunnel were measured using FTIR. The established system can achieve in-situ spectral radiation measurements within a wide temperature range of 1000–2900℃ and a wavelength range of 1.1–7.2 μm. By developing our own pre-stage concentrating system, the response linearity of the measurement system is improved to less than 2 %. The source size effect of the measured sample is less than 1 %. The in situ spectral emissivity of high purity graphite was measured based on the technique. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by comparing the measured spectral emissivity with the measurement results of the plasma heater. The overall uncertainty of the in-situ emissivity measurement is less than 2.04 % and the relative uncertainty is less than 2.47 % at 2138 K. This technology provides a new method for in-situ acquisition of the surface spectral radiation characteristics of thermal protection materials during dynamic ablation in extremely high-temperature environments.
{"title":"In situ measurement system for ultra-high temperature spectral emissivity of samples under plasma wind tunnel","authors":"Guoqing Wang , Guolin Wang , Jia Yu , Zuozheng Chen , Jinglai Zheng , Buyue Zhao , Shanggeng Li , Liping Liu , Haiming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-temperature spectral emissivity of thermal protection materials is critical for the design and evaluation of thermal protection systems. In order to achieve effective traceability of spectral characteristic parameters under hypersonic flight conditions, a system for in-situ measurement of ultra-high temperature spectral emissivity in a high-frequency plasma wind tunnel was developed. The spectral characteristics of material thermal radiation in the plasma wind tunnel were measured using FTIR. The established system can achieve in-situ spectral radiation measurements within a wide temperature range of 1000–2900℃ and a wavelength range of 1.1–7.2 μm. By developing our own pre-stage concentrating system, the response linearity of the measurement system is improved to less than 2 %. The source size effect of the measured sample is less than 1 %. The in situ spectral emissivity of high purity graphite was measured based on the technique. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by comparing the measured spectral emissivity with the measurement results of the plasma heater. The overall uncertainty of the in-situ emissivity measurement is less than 2.04 % and the relative uncertainty is less than 2.47 % at 2138 K. This technology provides a new method for in-situ acquisition of the surface spectral radiation characteristics of thermal protection materials during dynamic ablation in extremely high-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106351
Weifeng Zhong , Zhiqiang Long , Yiheng Yang , Xiang Wang , Amei Du , Wen Yang , Changhe Sun , Ruijun Lan , Yingjie Shen
In this paper, a HfSe2/CsPbBr3 heterostructure was prepared and used as a saturable absorber (SA) to modulate a Tm:YAP laser. Under continuous-wave operation, the Tm:YAP crystal was pumped with a diode laser at an absorbed pump power of 12.9 W, producing an output power of 2.35 W at 1995.9 nm and a slope efficiency of 23.2 %. In passively Q-switched mode, the HfSe2/CsPbBr3 heterostructure SA modulated the Tm:YAP laser, resulting in an average output power of 2.1 W and a pulse width of 687.2 ns at 1987.5 nm, with a pulse repetition rate of 112.82 kHz. These parameters correspond to a slope efficiency of 19.8 %, a single-pulse energy of 18.6 µJ, and a peak power of 27.1 W.
{"title":"Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser using a HfSe2/CsPbBr3 heterostructure as the saturable absorber","authors":"Weifeng Zhong , Zhiqiang Long , Yiheng Yang , Xiang Wang , Amei Du , Wen Yang , Changhe Sun , Ruijun Lan , Yingjie Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a HfSe<sub>2</sub>/CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> heterostructure was prepared and used as a saturable absorber (SA) to modulate a Tm:YAP laser. Under continuous-wave operation, the Tm:YAP crystal was pumped with a diode laser at an absorbed pump power of 12.9 W, producing an output power of 2.35 W at 1995.9 nm and a slope efficiency of 23.2 %. In passively Q-switched mode, the HfSe<sub>2</sub>/CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> heterostructure SA modulated the Tm:YAP laser, resulting in an average output power of 2.1 W and a pulse width of 687.2 ns at 1987.5 nm, with a pulse repetition rate of 112.82 kHz. These parameters correspond to a slope efficiency of 19.8 %, a single-pulse energy of 18.6 µJ, and a peak power of 27.1 W.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 106351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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