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Addendum to “Perturbation mediated forbidden transitions in the in-plane rocking mode of O-18 substituted methanol: Very high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy using globar and synchrotron radiation sources in the 10-µm region” [Infrared Phys. Technol. 128 (2023) 104525] "O-18 取代的甲醇平面内摇摆模式中的扰动介导禁止跃迁:在 10 微米区域使用球杆和同步辐射源的极高分辨率傅立叶变换光谱" [Infrared Phys. Technol.
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105483
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “A point cloud denoising network based on manifold in an unknown noisy environment” [Infrared Phys. Technol. 132 (2023) 104735] 对 "未知噪声环境下基于流形的点云去噪网络 "的更正[红外物理技术. 132 (2023) 104735]
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2023.105059
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引用次数: 0
Identification of millet origin using terahertz spectroscopy combined with ensemble learning 利用太赫兹光谱与集合学习相结合识别小米产地
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105547

It’s crucial for both producers and consumers to accurately trace the origin of millet, given the significant differences in price and taste that exist between millets from various origins. The traditional method of identifying the origin of millet is time-consuming, laborious, complex, and destructive. In this study, a new method for fast and non-destructive differentiation of millet origins is developed by combining terahertz time domain spectroscopy with ensemble learning. Firstly, three machine learning algorithms, namely support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), were used to build different discriminative models, and then the impact of six different preprocessing methods on the models’ classification performance was compared. It was observed that models employing Savitzky-Golay preprocessing exhibited pronounced superiority in accurately determining the millet’s geographical origins. Building upon these findings, the research introduces an innovative ensemble learning strategy, leveraging both topsis and stacking techniques, to harness the collective strengths of the three algorithms. The outcomes of this approach reveal its remarkable capacity to distinguish millets originating from five distinct locations without the necessity for any parameter fine-tuning. The accuracy, F1 score, and Kappa on the prediction set are all 100 %, which significantly outperforms the single model, traditional voting method, and stacking method. The culmination of this study suggests that the integration of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and TOPSIS-Stacking ensemble learning emerges as a promising method for the swift and non-intrusive discrimination of millet geographical origins with remarkable precision.

由于不同产地的小米在价格和口感上存在很大差异,因此准确追踪小米的原产地对生产者和消费者来说都至关重要。传统的小米产地鉴别方法费时、费力、复杂且具有破坏性。在本研究中,通过将太赫兹时域光谱与集合学习相结合,开发了一种快速、非破坏性区分小米产地的新方法。首先使用支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和核极端学习机(KELM)三种机器学习算法建立不同的判别模型,然后比较六种不同的预处理方法对模型分类性能的影响。结果发现,采用萨维茨基-戈莱预处理的模型在准确判断小米的地理来源方面表现出明显的优势。在这些发现的基础上,研究引入了一种创新的集合学习策略,利用拓扑和堆叠技术,发挥三种算法的集体优势。这种方法的结果表明,它能在无需对任何参数进行微调的情况下区分来自五个不同地区的黍子。预测集的准确率、F1 分数和 Kappa 均为 100%,明显优于单一模型、传统投票法和堆叠法。本研究的最终结果表明,太赫兹时域光谱与 TOPSIS-Stacking 集合学习的集成是一种很有前途的方法,可快速、非侵入性地精确判别小米的地理产地。
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引用次数: 0
YOLO-SGF: Lightweight network for object detection in complex infrared images based on improved YOLOv8 YOLO-SGF:基于改进型 YOLOv8 的用于复杂红外图像中物体检测的轻量级网络
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105539

The current mainstream object detection networks perform well in RGB visible images, but they require high computational resource and degrade in performance when applied to low-resolution infrared images. To address above issues, we propose a lightweight algorithm YOLO-SGF based on you-only-look-once version8 (YOLOv8). Firstly, the lightweight cross-scale feature map fusion network GCFVoV designed as neck to solve poor detection accuracy and maintain low complexity in lightweight networks. And a lightweight GCVF module in GCFVoV neck uses GSConv and Conv to process deep and shallow features respectively, which maximally preserves implicit connections between each channel and integrates multi-scale features. Secondly, we utilize ShuffleNetV2-block1 in combination with C2f for feature extraction, making the algorithm more lightweight and effectively. Finally, we propose the FIMPDIoU loss function, which focuses on overlooked objects in complex backgrounds and adjusts the prediction boxes using ratios specific to different sizes of objects. Compared with YOLOv8 in our infrared dataset, YOLO-SGF reduces the computational space complexity by 50 % and time complexity by 42 %, increases FPS32 by 36.3 % and improves [email protected] ∼ 0.95 by 1.1 % in object detection. Our algorithm enhances the capability of object detection in infrared images especially in nighttime, low light, and occluded conditions. YOLO-SGF enables deployment on embedded edge devices with limited computing power, and provides a new idea for lightweight networks.

目前主流的物体检测网络在 RGB 可见光图像中表现出色,但应用于低分辨率红外图像时需要大量计算资源且性能下降。针对上述问题,我们提出了一种基于只看一次版本8(YOLOv8)的轻量级算法YOLO-SGF。首先,设计了轻量级跨尺度特征图融合网络 GCFVoV,以解决检测精度低的问题,并保持轻量级网络的低复杂度。而 GCFVoV neck 中的轻量级 GCVF 模块使用 GSConv 和 Conv 分别处理深层和浅层特征,最大限度地保留了各通道之间的隐含联系,整合了多尺度特征。其次,我们利用 ShuffleNetV2-block1 与 C2f 结合进行特征提取,使算法更加轻便有效。最后,我们提出了 FIMPDIoU 损失函数,该函数关注复杂背景中被忽略的物体,并根据不同大小的物体使用特定的比率调整预测框。在红外数据集中,与 YOLOv8 相比,YOLO-SGF 的计算空间复杂度降低了 50%,时间复杂度降低了 42%,FPS32 提高了 36.3%,物体检测的 [email protected] ∼ 0.95 提高了 1.1%。我们的算法增强了红外图像中的物体检测能力,尤其是在夜间、弱光和遮挡条件下。YOLO-SGF 可以部署在计算能力有限的嵌入式边缘设备上,为轻量级网络提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of coal gangue and identification of coal type based on first-derivative of mid-infrared spectrum 基于中红外光谱一次衍射的煤矸石分类和煤炭类型鉴定
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105537

Efficiently sorting coal gangue and identifying coal types are vital operations in coal preparation, yet they are traditionally resource-consuming, labor-intensive, and potentially hazardous. This work puts forward an straightforward method employing mid-infrared spectroscopy with first derivative spectrum to address these issues. The proposed technique focuses on the delineation and enhancement of characteristic spectra to detect subtle differences among samples. The method utilizes just a few characteristic spectra of 3740–3700 cm−1, 1790–1750 cm−1, 1615–1583 cm−1, 1580–1540 cm−1, 1550–1440 cm−1, 1270–1210 cm−1 and 867–854 cm−1 to achieve 100 % high-accuracy classification of coal gangue and identification of coal types with total 250 spectra, such as bituminite, anthracite, lignite, roof sandstone and gangue, without the need for secondary sample processing or the assistance of machine learning algorithms, simplifying the process considerably. Such a strategy not only significantly improves the efficiency of coal sorting but also endorses real-time on-site detection. It offers a theoretical foundation for advanced coal separation technology and its implementation in real-world mining operations.

有效分拣煤矸石和识别煤炭类型是煤炭制备过程中的重要操作,但这些操作历来耗费资源、劳动密集型和潜在危险性。本研究提出了一种采用中红外光谱一阶导数光谱的直接方法来解决这些问题。所提出的技术侧重于特征光谱的划分和增强,以检测样品之间的细微差别。该方法仅利用 3740-3700 cm-1、1790-1750 cm-1、1615-1583 cm-1、1580-1540 cm-1、1550-1440 cm-1、1270-1210 cm-1 和 867-854 cm-1 这几个特征光谱,就实现了 100%的高精度煤矸石分类,并利用总计 250 个光谱识别煤炭类型,如沥青、无烟煤、褐煤、顶板砂岩和煤矸石,而无需二次样品处理或机器学习算法的辅助,大大简化了流程。这种策略不仅大大提高了煤炭分选的效率,还支持实时现场检测。它为先进的煤炭分选技术及其在实际采矿作业中的应用奠定了理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
SeACPFusion: An Adaptive Fusion Network for Infrared and Visible Images based on brightness perception SeACPFusion:基于亮度感知的红外和可见光图像自适应融合网络
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105541

Generating a single fused image that highlights important targets and preserves textural details is the aim of fusing visible and infrared images. The majority of deep learning-based fusion algorithms now in use can produce decent fusion outcomes; however, the modeling process still lacks consideration of the different amounts of information in different scenes or regions. Thus, we propose in this research SeACPFusion, a luminance-aware adaptive fusion network for infrared and visible images, which adaptively preserves the intensity information of the noticeable targets of the source images with the texture information of the background in an optimal ratio. Specifically, we design pixel-level luminance loss (PBL) to direct the fusion model’s training in real-time, and PBL retains the optimal intensity information according to the pixel luminance ratio of different source images. In addition, we designed the Channel Transformer (CTF) to consider the relationship between different attributes from the point of view of the feature channel and to focus on the key information by using the self-focusing mechanism to achieve the goal of adaptive fusion. Our extensive tests on the MSRS, RoadScene, and TNO datasets demonstrate that SeACPFusion surpasses nine representative deep learning methods on six objective metrics and achieves the best visual results in scenes such as overexposure or underexposure. In addition, the relatively efficient operation and fewer model parameters make our algorithm promising as a preprocessing module for downstream complicated vision tasks.

生成能突出重要目标并保留纹理细节的单一融合图像是融合可见光和红外图像的目的。目前使用的大多数基于深度学习的融合算法都能产生不错的融合结果,但在建模过程中仍然缺乏对不同场景或区域中不同信息量的考虑。因此,我们在本研究中提出了 SeACPFusion,一种亮度感知的红外和可见光图像自适应融合网络,它能以最佳比例自适应地保留源图像中显著目标的强度信息和背景的纹理信息。具体来说,我们设计了像素级亮度损失(PBL)来指导融合模型的实时训练,PBL 可根据不同源图像的像素亮度比保留最佳强度信息。此外,我们还设计了通道变换器(CTF),从特征通道的角度考虑不同属性之间的关系,利用自聚焦机制聚焦关键信息,实现自适应融合的目标。我们在 MSRS、RoadScene 和 TNO 数据集上进行的大量测试表明,SeACPFusion 在六项客观指标上超越了九种具有代表性的深度学习方法,并在曝光过度或曝光不足等场景中实现了最佳视觉效果。此外,相对高效的运行和较少的模型参数使我们的算法有望成为下游复杂视觉任务的预处理模块。
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引用次数: 0
Lab-based scale measurements of internal storage of crude oil tank based on non-contact infrared thermography technique 基于非接触式红外热成像技术的实验室原油储罐内部存储测量
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105543

Non-contact sludge measurement methods for storage tanks can address the challenge of measuring the volume of sedimented sludge during long-term storage. While infrared thermography technology can address the issue of liquid level detection, its measurement accuracy for the undulating interface of sludge is insufficient. This study designed and constructed experimental setups for measuring sludge in storage tanks. In this study, infrared images taken by an infrared camera were used to record the temperature distribution of the outer wall of the storage tank. The threshold segmentation method is used to determine the accurate sludge boundary line in image processing. Finally, the Three-Dimensional Tank Residue Recovery Algorithm (3D-TRRA) was applied to fit the 3D distribution of the sludge and calculate accurate sludge volumes. The results indicate that the best segmentation is achieved with a threshold of 170. The measurement error for sludge volume is less than 5%. Accurate visual positioning and recognition of sludge are achieved.

用于储罐的非接触式污泥测量方法可以解决在长期储存过程中测量沉积污泥体积的难题。虽然红外热成像技术可以解决液位检测问题,但其对污泥起伏界面的测量精度不够。本研究设计并构建了用于测量储罐中污泥的实验装置。本研究使用红外相机拍摄的红外图像来记录储罐外壁的温度分布。在图像处理中,采用阈值分割法确定准确的污泥边界线。最后,应用三维储罐残留物复原算法(3D-TRA)拟合污泥的三维分布,计算出准确的污泥体积。结果表明,阈值为 170 时的分割效果最佳。污泥体积的测量误差小于 5%。实现了污泥的精确视觉定位和识别。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the n− region formation process in n-on-p HgCdTe devices n 对 p 碲化镉汞器件中 n 区形成过程的研究
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105544

The n region is crucial to the performance of n-on-p HgCdTe devices. However, the underlying mechanisms governing its formation process remain insufficiently elucidated in current literature. In this work, the influence of annealing temperature on the n region formation process was investigated systematically through experiments and one-dimensional (1D) simulation. The two key parameters, the transport rate of interstitials (TrI) and the diffusion coefficient of vacancies (DV) were determined through the 1D model, and their accuracy was validated by experiments. The determination of TrI and DV allows for more flexible and precise optimization of the n region in HgCdTe, thereby providing valuable guidance for cost-effective, high performance, and reliable preparation of HgCdTe detectors.

n 区对 n 对 p 碲化镉汞器件的性能至关重要。然而,目前的文献对其形成过程的内在机制仍未充分阐明。本研究通过实验和一维(1D)模拟系统地研究了退火温度对 n 区形成过程的影响。通过一维模型确定了两个关键参数,即间隙的传输速率(TrI)和空位的扩散系数(DV),并通过实验验证了它们的准确性。通过确定 TrI 和 DV,可以更灵活、更精确地优化碲化镉汞的 n 区,从而为经济、高性能、可靠地制备碲化镉汞探测器提供有价值的指导。
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引用次数: 0
SMALNet: Segment Anything Model Aided Lightweight Network for Infrared Image Segmentation SMALNet:用于红外图像分段的分段任何模型辅助轻量级网络
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105540

Infrared based visual perception is important for night vision of autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), etc. Semantic segmentation based on deep learning is one of the key techniques for infrared vision-based perception systems. Currently, most of the advanced methods are based on Transformers, which can achieve favorable segmentation accuracy. However, the high complexity of Transformers prevents them from meeting the real-time requirement of inference speed in resource constrained applications. In view of this, we suggest several lightweight designs that significantly reduce existing computational complexity. In order to maintain the segmentation accuracy, we further introduce the recent vision big model — Segment Anything Model (SAM) to supply auxiliary supervisory signals while training models. Based on these designs, we propose a lightweight segmentation network termed SMALNet (Segment Anything Model Aided Lightweight Network). Compared to existing state-of-the-art method, SegFormer, it reduces 64% FLOPs while maintaining the accuracy to a large extent on two commonly-used benchmarks. The proposed SMALNet can be used in various infrared based vision perception systems with limited hardware resources.

基于红外的视觉感知对于自动驾驶车辆、无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)等的夜视非常重要。基于深度学习的语义分割是基于红外视觉的感知系统的关键技术之一。目前,大多数先进方法都是基于变换器(Transformers),这种方法可以达到较高的分割精度。然而,变换器的高复杂性使其无法满足资源有限的应用领域对推理速度的实时要求。有鉴于此,我们提出了几种轻量级设计,大大降低了现有的计算复杂度。为了保持分割的准确性,我们进一步引入了最新的视觉大模型 - Segment Anything Model (SAM),在训练模型时提供辅助监督信号。基于这些设计,我们提出了一种轻量级分割网络,称为 SMALNet(Segment Anything Model Aided Lightweight Network)。与现有的最先进方法 SegFormer 相比,它减少了 64% 的 FLOPs,同时在两个常用基准上很大程度上保持了准确性。提出的 SMALNet 可用于硬件资源有限的各种红外视觉感知系统。
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引用次数: 0
A Q-switched Ho:YAG spatial ring cavity laser with three corner cube prisms pumped by a 1908 nm fiber laser 由 1908 nm 光纤激光器泵浦的带有三个角立方棱镜的 Q 开关 Ho:YAG 空间环腔激光器
IF 3.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.infrared.2024.105538

We demonstrate a tri-corner cube Q-switched Ho:YAG spatial ring cavity laser, which was resonantly pumped by a 1908 nm fiber laser. The polarization state of the intracavity oscillating laser was adjusted by a half-wave plate, and a continuous s-polarized laser of 2.57 W at 2090.9 nm was obtained at a pump power of 18.5 W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 13.9 % and a slope efficiency of 33.3 %. When the corner cube prism, which has the weakest anti-misalignment capability, was tilted vertically by 1° or horizontally by 0.92°, the laser could still output the laser. For Q-switched operation, the tri-corner cube Ho:YAG laser has a pulse energy of 9.86mJ and a pulse width of 178.8 ns at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. At the maximum output energy, the beam quality was Mx2 = 1.3, My2 = 1.2.

我们展示了一种三角立方体 Q 开关 Ho:YAG 空间环腔激光器,该激光器由 1908 nm 光纤激光器共振泵浦。通过半波板调节腔内振荡激光器的偏振态,在泵浦功率为 18.5 W 时,获得了波长为 2090.9 nm、功率为 2.57 W 的连续 s 偏振激光器,光-光转换效率为 13.9 %,斜率效率为 33.3 %。当抗偏移能力最弱的角立方棱镜垂直倾斜 1° 或水平倾斜 0.92° 时,激光器仍能输出激光。在 Q 开关工作时,三角柱体 Ho:YAG 激光器的脉冲能量为 9.86mJ,脉冲宽度为 178.8ns,重复频率为 100 Hz。在最大输出能量下,光束质量为 Mx2 = 1.3,My2 = 1.2。
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引用次数: 0
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Infrared Physics & Technology
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