首页 > 最新文献

Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal最新文献

英文 中文
Meet the Parents: Impact of a Menstrual Health Intervention on Parental Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Menstrual Taboos in Rural Bangladesh 与父母见面:月经健康干预对孟加拉国农村父母对月经禁忌含蓄和明确态度的影响
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3847299
Eleonora E M Nillesen, Paul Smeets, Lidwien Sol
Adolescent girls in Bangladesh and many other places in the world are subject to social and cultural norms regarding menstruation that prohibit partaking in every-day activities. We find the Ritu program has a strong effect on changing self-reported explicit attitudes among parents: parents in the treatment group are more likely to agree that menstruating girls should be able to cook, play with friends, eat white foods and wash clothes. We also find they are more likely to report their own daughter(s) are allowed to undertake these activities during their period. Implicit attitudes as measured by our IAT are unaffected by the Ritu program. Even while implicit attitudes stay unchanged, conscious (explicit) beliefs about the ability and effectiveness of supporting girls during their menstruation and sending girls to school (among other things) clearly adapt in response to the Ritu intervention. This can at least partially explain the observed improvements in outcomes related to school attendance and psychosocial wellbeing.

Our findings provide some of the first robust evidence of the role of (public) menstrual health programs like Ritu on parental attitudes that possibly provide a first step towards mitigating adverse outcomes for adolescent girls.
孟加拉国和世界上许多其他地方的青春期女孩受到有关月经的社会和文化规范的约束,这些规范禁止她们参加日常活动。我们发现Ritu项目对改变父母自我报告的明确态度有很大的影响:治疗组的父母更有可能同意经期女孩应该能够做饭,和朋友一起玩,吃白色食物和洗衣服。我们还发现,她们更有可能报告自己的女儿在经期被允许从事这些活动。我们的IAT测量的内隐态度不受Ritu计划的影响。即使内在的态度保持不变,关于在月经期间支持女孩和送女孩上学(以及其他事情)的能力和有效性的有意识的(明确的)信念也明显适应了Ritu的干预。这至少可以部分解释在学校出勤率和社会心理健康方面观察到的改善。我们的发现为像Ritu这样的(公共)月经健康项目在父母态度上的作用提供了一些有力的证据,这可能为减轻青春期女孩的不良后果提供了第一步。
{"title":"Meet the Parents: Impact of a Menstrual Health Intervention on Parental Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Menstrual Taboos in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Eleonora E M Nillesen, Paul Smeets, Lidwien Sol","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3847299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3847299","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent girls in Bangladesh and many other places in the world are subject to social and cultural norms regarding menstruation that prohibit partaking in every-day activities. We find the Ritu program has a strong effect on changing self-reported explicit attitudes among parents: parents in the treatment group are more likely to agree that menstruating girls should be able to cook, play with friends, eat white foods and wash clothes. We also find they are more likely to report their own daughter(s) are allowed to undertake these activities during their period. Implicit attitudes as measured by our IAT are unaffected by the Ritu program. Even while implicit attitudes stay unchanged, conscious (explicit) beliefs about the ability and effectiveness of supporting girls during their menstruation and sending girls to school (among other things) clearly adapt in response to the Ritu intervention. This can at least partially explain the observed improvements in outcomes related to school attendance and psychosocial wellbeing.<br><br>Our findings provide some of the first robust evidence of the role of (public) menstrual health programs like Ritu on parental attitudes that possibly provide a first step towards mitigating adverse outcomes for adolescent girls.<br>","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84348359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Stochastic Maximum Principle for CBI Processes CBI过程的随机极大值原理
Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3840245
M. Hess
In this paper, we prove a sufficient stochastic maximum principle for continuous-state branching processes with immigration (so-called CBI processes). We apply the result to several stochastic control problems stemming from finance and epidemiology.
本文证明了具有迁移的连续状态分支过程(所谓的CBI过程)的一个充分的随机极大值原理。我们将结果应用于几个源于金融和流行病学的随机控制问题。
{"title":"A Stochastic Maximum Principle for CBI Processes","authors":"M. Hess","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3840245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3840245","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we prove a sufficient stochastic maximum principle for continuous-state branching processes with immigration (so-called CBI processes). We apply the result to several stochastic control problems stemming from finance and epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Size Discount and Size Penalty: Trading Costs in Bond Markets 规模折扣与规模惩罚:债券市场的交易成本
Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3831348
Gábor Pintér, Chaojun Wang, Junyuan Zou
We show that larger trades incur lower trading costs in government bond markets (“size discount”), but costs increase in trade size after controlling for clients’ identities (“size penalty”). The size discount is driven by the cross-client variation of larger traders obtaining better prices, consistent with theories of trading with imperfect competition. The size penalty, driven by within-client variation, is larger for corporate bonds and during major macroeconomic surprises as well as during COVID-19. These differences are larger among more sophisticated clients, consistent with theories of asymmetric information. We propose a trading model with bilateral bargaining and adverse selection to rationalize the co-existence of the size penalty and discount.
我们表明,在政府债券市场上,较大的交易产生较低的交易成本(“规模折扣”),但在控制客户身份(“规模惩罚”)后,交易规模的成本增加。规模折扣是由大型交易商获得更好价格的跨客户差异驱动的,这与不完全竞争交易理论一致。由于客户内部差异,公司债券、重大宏观经济意外以及2019冠状病毒病期间的规模损失更大。这些差异在更复杂的客户中更大,这与信息不对称理论是一致的。我们提出了一个双边议价和逆向选择的交易模型,以合理化规模惩罚和折扣的共存。
{"title":"Size Discount and Size Penalty: Trading Costs in Bond Markets","authors":"Gábor Pintér, Chaojun Wang, Junyuan Zou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3831348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3831348","url":null,"abstract":"We show that larger trades incur lower trading costs in government bond markets (“size discount”), but costs increase in trade size after controlling for clients’ identities (“size penalty”). The size discount is driven by the cross-client variation of larger traders obtaining better prices, consistent with theories of trading with imperfect competition. The size penalty, driven by within-client variation, is larger for corporate bonds and during major macroeconomic surprises as well as during COVID-19. These differences are larger among more sophisticated clients, consistent with theories of asymmetric information. We propose a trading model with bilateral bargaining and adverse selection to rationalize the co-existence of the size penalty and discount.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83923181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Shareholder Litigation and Workplace Safety 股东诉讼与工作场所安全
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3818020
Ning Gong, Lixiong Guo, Zhiyao Wang
Using the staggered state adoption of Universal Demand (UD) law that lowers shareholder derivative litigation risk to identify the impact of shareholder litigation on workplace safety, we find that weakened shareholder litigation rights compromise workplace safety. The impact is more pronounced for firms with weak governance, in less competitive, low union coverage, or low skilled industries. Furthermore, firms in UD law states exhibit higher COVID-19 exposure, more negative sentiments and greater uncertainty about the impact of COVID-19 on their operations than firms in non-UD law states. Overall, our findings suggest that the threat of shareholder litigation incentivizes corporate officials to invest more in workplace safety.
采用降低股东衍生诉讼风险的交错州采用通用需求法(UD)来识别股东诉讼对工作场所安全的影响,我们发现股东诉讼权利的削弱损害了工作场所安全。这种影响对于治理薄弱、竞争力较弱、工会覆盖率低或技术含量低的行业的公司更为明显。此外,与不遵守法律的州相比,遵守法律州的公司对COVID-19的风险敞口更高,对COVID-19对其业务影响的负面情绪更多,不确定性更大。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,股东诉讼的威胁激励公司官员在工作场所安全方面投入更多。
{"title":"Shareholder Litigation and Workplace Safety","authors":"Ning Gong, Lixiong Guo, Zhiyao Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3818020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3818020","url":null,"abstract":"Using the staggered state adoption of Universal Demand (UD) law that lowers shareholder derivative litigation risk to identify the impact of shareholder litigation on workplace safety, we find that weakened shareholder litigation rights compromise workplace safety. The impact is more pronounced for firms with weak governance, in less competitive, low union coverage, or low skilled industries. Furthermore, firms in UD law states exhibit higher COVID-19 exposure, more negative sentiments and greater uncertainty about the impact of COVID-19 on their operations than firms in non-UD law states. Overall, our findings suggest that the threat of shareholder litigation incentivizes corporate officials to invest more in workplace safety.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77299759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Coronavirus, Compulsory Licensing, and Collaboration: Analyzing the 2020 Global Vaccine Response with 20/20 Hindsight 冠状病毒、强制许可和合作:用20/20后见之明分析2020年全球疫苗应对
Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3810207
Arjun Padmanabhan
In December 2019, COVID-19, a novel strain of the SARS-2 Virus, appeared in Wuhan, China. Within a year, over ninety million people had been infected and two million had died. Amid all the death and desolation, humanity’s ingenuity and willpower emerged in history’s greatest vaccine race. The global community sought to find novel ways to protect innovation and intellectual property while still collaborating to roll out a vaccine in record time. Despite the presence of compulsory licensing provisions like 28 U.S.C. § 1498 and the Bayh-Dole Act in the U.S., and the TRIPS Agreement at the international level, the journey has been difficult, and thousands died while international players protected proprietary information and ensured that their countries’ citizens are first in line for the vaccine. Although dubbed a “once in a lifetime pandemic,” the COVID-19 outbreak provides a unique opportunity to contemplate ways to unify the world through intellectual property during a time of crisis, as well as a grim portent of what will become the new norm if we do not. This Article examines the impact and effectiveness of intellectual property licensing provisions across the world to suggest improvements that might result in a quicker and more efficient response to future global health crises. By examining and learning from the plagues of the present, we might preserve the health of our future.
2019年12月,新型SARS-2病毒COVID-19在中国武汉出现。在一年内,有9千多万人受到感染,200万人死亡。在所有的死亡和荒凉中,人类的聪明才智和意志力在历史上最伟大的疫苗竞赛中脱颖而出。国际社会寻求找到新的方法来保护创新和知识产权,同时仍在合作以创纪录的时间推出疫苗。尽管存在强制许可条款,如美国的《美国法典》第28卷第1498条和《Bayh-Dole法案》,以及国际层面的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》,但这一过程一直很艰难,在国际参与者保护专利信息并确保本国公民优先接种疫苗的同时,数千人死亡。虽然被称为“一生一次的大流行”,但2019冠状病毒病的爆发提供了一个独特的机会,让我们思考如何在危机时期通过知识产权统一世界,同时也预示着如果我们不这样做,新常态将成为什么。本文考察了世界各地知识产权许可规定的影响和有效性,提出改进建议,以便更快、更有效地应对未来的全球卫生危机。通过检查和从现在的瘟疫中学习,我们可以保持未来的健康。
{"title":"Coronavirus, Compulsory Licensing, and Collaboration: Analyzing the 2020 Global Vaccine Response with 20/20 Hindsight","authors":"Arjun Padmanabhan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3810207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3810207","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, COVID-19, a novel strain of the SARS-2 Virus, appeared in Wuhan, China. Within a year, over ninety million people had been infected and two million had died. Amid all the death and desolation, humanity’s ingenuity and willpower emerged in history’s greatest vaccine race. The global community sought to find novel ways to protect innovation and intellectual property while still collaborating to roll out a vaccine in record time. Despite the presence of compulsory licensing provisions like 28 U.S.C. § 1498 and the Bayh-Dole Act in the U.S., and the TRIPS Agreement at the international level, the journey has been difficult, and thousands died while international players protected proprietary information and ensured that their countries’ citizens are first in line for the vaccine. Although dubbed a “once in a lifetime pandemic,” the COVID-19 outbreak provides a unique opportunity to contemplate ways to unify the world through intellectual property during a time of crisis, as well as a grim portent of what will become the new norm if we do not. This Article examines the impact and effectiveness of intellectual property licensing provisions across the world to suggest improvements that might result in a quicker and more efficient response to future global health crises. By examining and learning from the plagues of the present, we might preserve the health of our future.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84076487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Covid-19 Cases Growth and Business Continuity in Indonesia: A Causality Test 印度尼西亚Covid-19病例增长和业务连续性:因果关系检验
Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3859193
Silvi Asna Prestianawati, A. Setyanti
The objective of this study is to examine the causality between Covid-19 cases growth and business continuity in Indonesia, thus can be formulated the post-Covid business strategies. The Covid-19 cases are modeled into ‘daily case’ and ‘active case’, while business continuity proxied with human mobility to grocery and pharmacy, also to retail and recreation. Using daily data ranging from March to December 2020, the Granger causality results show that there is a bidirectional causality between daily case and grocery-pharmacy business, whereas interestingly there is a unidirectional relationship from retail-recreation business to daily case. In active case model, author found a unidirectional causality from active case to both grocery-pharmacy and retail-recreation business. This research may be used to improve business strategy in order to maintain the business life during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.
本研究的目的是研究Covid-19病例增长与印度尼西亚业务连续性之间的因果关系,从而制定Covid-19后的业务战略。新冠肺炎病例被建模为“日常病例”和“活动病例”,而业务连续性则以人员前往杂货店和药房、零售和娱乐的流动性为代表。利用2020年3月至12月的日常数据,格兰杰因果关系结果表明,日常病例与杂货店-药房业务之间存在双向因果关系,而零售-娱乐业务与日常病例之间存在单向因果关系。在主动案例模型中,笔者发现主动案例与杂货店-药房和零售-娱乐企业之间存在单向因果关系。本研究可用于改进业务策略,以便在印度尼西亚Covid-19大流行期间维持业务生命。
{"title":"Covid-19 Cases Growth and Business Continuity in Indonesia: A Causality Test","authors":"Silvi Asna Prestianawati, A. Setyanti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3859193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3859193","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the causality between Covid-19 cases growth and business continuity in Indonesia, thus can be formulated the post-Covid business strategies. The Covid-19 cases are modeled into ‘daily case’ and ‘active case’, while business continuity proxied with human mobility to grocery and pharmacy, also to retail and recreation. Using daily data ranging from March to December 2020, the Granger causality results show that there is a bidirectional causality between daily case and grocery-pharmacy business, whereas interestingly there is a unidirectional relationship from retail-recreation business to daily case. In active case model, author found a unidirectional causality from active case to both grocery-pharmacy and retail-recreation business. This research may be used to improve business strategy in order to maintain the business life during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77626483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Обзор зарубежного опыта по оценке влияния качественных показателей на экономические процессы с использованием моделей векторной авторегрессии (Review of Foreign Experience in Assessing the Impact of Qualitative Indicators on Economic Processes Using Vector Autoregression Models)
Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3796362
M. Shapor
Russian Abstract: В данной работе првощится анализ использование глобальной векторной авторегрессии в современной международной торговле, а также в мировой экономике в целом для оценки эффективности экономических явлений и процессов.English Abstract: This paper presents the possibilities of using global vector autoregression models, which are used in the following cases: when assessing intercountry interdependencies, when assessing the effectiveness of any reforms in the country and their impact on the economy as a whole or on its individual indicators. In addition, the presented models can be used to assess the impact on the economy of a specific country or group of countries of changes in prices for hydrocarbon energy resources. In modern realities, GVAR models are used to assess the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global economy in general, and on individual countries.
{"title":"Обзор зарубежного опыта по оценке влияния качественных показателей на экономические процессы с использованием моделей векторной авторегрессии (Review of Foreign Experience in Assessing the Impact of Qualitative Indicators on Economic Processes Using Vector Autoregression Models)","authors":"M. Shapor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3796362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796362","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: В данной работе првощится анализ использование глобальной векторной авторегрессии в современной международной торговле, а также в мировой экономике в целом для оценки эффективности экономических явлений и процессов.English Abstract: This paper presents the possibilities of using global vector autoregression models, which are used in the following cases: when assessing intercountry interdependencies, when assessing the effectiveness of any reforms in the country and their impact on the economy as a whole or on its individual indicators. In addition, the presented models can be used to assess the impact on the economy of a specific country or group of countries of changes in prices for hydrocarbon energy resources. In modern realities, GVAR models are used to assess the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global economy in general, and on individual countries.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83794673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19: A Multipeak SIR Based Model for Learning Waves and Optimizing Testing COVID-19:基于多峰SIR的学习波和优化测试模型
Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3817680
G. Perakis, Divya Singhvi, O. Skali Lami, Leann Thayaparan
One of the greatest challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the way evolving regulation, information and sentiment has driven waves of the disease. Traditional epidemiology models, such as the SIR model, are not equipped to handle these behavioral based changes. We propose a novel multipeak SIR model, which can detect and model the waves of the disease. We bring together the SIR model’s compartmental structure with a change-point detection martingale process to identify new waves. We create a dynamic process where new waves can be flagged and learned in real time. We use this approach to extend the traditional SEIRD model into a multipeak SEIRD model and test it on forecasting COVID-19 cases from the John Hopkins University dataset for states in the United States. We found that compared to the traditional SEIRD model, the multipeak SEIRD model improves MAPE by 10%-15% for the United States, and by 25%-40% in the specific regions that were hit by the multiple waves. We then pair this model with an optimization model for testing, which is critical in managing the epidemic and which significantly outperforms alternative testing strategies (more than 57% in detection rate). We show how to prioritize symptomatic, asymptomatic and contact tracing populations, most interestingly when balancing testing early to reach contact tracers and saving tests for later when the epidemic is worse.
COVID-19大流行的最大挑战之一是不断变化的监管、信息和情绪如何推动了疾病的浪潮。传统的流行病学模型,如SIR模型,无法处理这些基于行为的变化。我们提出了一种新的多峰SIR模型,可以检测和建模疾病的波。我们将SIR模型的隔室结构与变化点检测鞅过程结合起来,以识别新波。我们创建了一个动态的过程,新的浪潮可以被标记和实时学习。我们使用这种方法将传统的SEIRD模型扩展为多峰SEIRD模型,并在美国约翰霍普金斯大学数据集中对COVID-19病例的预测进行了测试。我们发现,与传统的SEIRD模型相比,多峰SEIRD模型在美国将MAPE提高了10%-15%,在受到多波袭击的特定区域将MAPE提高了25%-40%。然后,我们将该模型与检测的优化模型配对,这对于管理流行病至关重要,并且显著优于其他检测策略(检出率超过57%)。我们展示了如何优先考虑有症状、无症状和接触者追踪人群,最有趣的是,在平衡早期检测以获得接触者追踪者和将检测留到疫情恶化时进行时。
{"title":"COVID-19: A Multipeak SIR Based Model for Learning Waves and Optimizing Testing","authors":"G. Perakis, Divya Singhvi, O. Skali Lami, Leann Thayaparan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3817680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817680","url":null,"abstract":"One of the greatest challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the way evolving regulation, information and sentiment has driven waves of the disease. Traditional epidemiology models, such as the SIR model, are not equipped to handle these behavioral based changes. We propose a novel multipeak SIR model, which can detect and model the waves of the disease. We bring together the SIR model’s compartmental structure with a change-point detection martingale process to identify new waves. We create a dynamic process where new waves can be flagged and learned in real time. We use this approach to extend the traditional SEIRD model into a multipeak SEIRD model and test it on forecasting COVID-19 cases from the John Hopkins University dataset for states in the United States. We found that compared to the traditional SEIRD model, the multipeak SEIRD model improves MAPE by 10%-15% for the United States, and by 25%-40% in the specific regions that were hit by the multiple waves. We then pair this model with an optimization model for testing, which is critical in managing the epidemic and which significantly outperforms alternative testing strategies (more than 57% in detection rate). We show how to prioritize symptomatic, asymptomatic and contact tracing populations, most interestingly when balancing testing early to reach contact tracers and saving tests for later when the epidemic is worse.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82772711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Changing Preferences of Working Patterns in India: Pre & Post-COVID Scenario 印度不断变化的工作模式偏好:新冠疫情前和后情景
Pub Date : 2021-02-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3860942
Swasti Jain
After the Coronavirus outbreak, the Indian government announced lockdowns limiting all unnecessary travel and asked employees to Work from Home (WFH). This led to mass home-working mode almost overnight and has provided a unique opportunity to study its impact. This research aims to understand how the attitude and preferences of the Indians have changed towards flexible working pre and post-COVID.
新冠肺炎疫情爆发后,印度政府宣布封锁一切不必要的旅行,并要求员工在家工作。这导致了几乎一夜之间大量的在家工作模式,并为研究其影响提供了一个独特的机会。这项研究旨在了解印度人在covid之前和之后对灵活工作的态度和偏好是如何变化的。
{"title":"Changing Preferences of Working Patterns in India: Pre & Post-COVID Scenario","authors":"Swasti Jain","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860942","url":null,"abstract":"After the Coronavirus outbreak, the Indian government announced lockdowns limiting all unnecessary travel and asked employees to Work from Home (WFH). This led to mass home-working mode almost overnight and has provided a unique opportunity to study its impact. This research aims to understand how the attitude and preferences of the Indians have changed towards flexible working pre and post-COVID.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87357244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Explains Differences in Finance Research Productivity During the Pandemic? 如何解释大流行期间金融研究生产力的差异?
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3757548
B. Barber, Wei Jiang, Adair Morse, M. Puri, H. Tookes, Ingrid M. Werner
Using a survey of AFA members, we analyze how demographics, time allocation, production mechanisms, and institutional factors affect research production during the pandemic. Consistent with the literature, research productivity falls more for women and faculty with young children. Independently and novel, extra time spent teaching (much more likely for women) negatively affects research productivity. Also novel are the results that concerns about feedback, isolation, and health have large negative research effects, disproportionately affecting junior faculty and PhD students. Finally, faculty facing greater concerns about employers’ finances report larger negative research effects and more concerns about feedback, isolation and health.
通过对AFA成员的调查,我们分析了人口统计、时间分配、生产机制和制度因素如何影响大流行期间的研究成果。与文献一致的是,女性和有幼儿的教师的研究效率下降得更多。独立的、新颖的、额外的教学时间(对女性来说更有可能)会对研究效率产生负面影响。同样新颖的结果是,对反馈、孤立和健康的关注对研究产生了很大的负面影响,对初级教师和博士生的影响尤为严重。最后,更担心雇主财务状况的教师报告了更大的负面研究影响,更担心反馈、孤立和健康。
{"title":"What Explains Differences in Finance Research Productivity During the Pandemic?","authors":"B. Barber, Wei Jiang, Adair Morse, M. Puri, H. Tookes, Ingrid M. Werner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757548","url":null,"abstract":"Using a survey of AFA members, we analyze how demographics, time allocation, production mechanisms, and institutional factors affect research production during the pandemic. Consistent with the literature, research productivity falls more for women and faculty with young children. Independently and novel, extra time spent teaching (much more likely for women) negatively affects research productivity. Also novel are the results that concerns about feedback, isolation, and health have large negative research effects, disproportionately affecting junior faculty and PhD students. Finally, faculty facing greater concerns about employers’ finances report larger negative research effects and more concerns about feedback, isolation and health.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76797139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
期刊
Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1