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How to Raise Economy Post Lockdown 封锁后如何提振经济
Pub Date : 2020-07-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3658985
Usama Mubarak
We all are aware of the fact that Covid 19 has caused a huge potential loss and destruction of life and money which is certainly unsalvageable As many as 1,450
我们都知道,2019冠状病毒病已经造成了巨大的潜在生命和金钱损失和破坏,这当然是无法挽回的,多达1450人
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Impact on SMEs in Bangladesh: An Investigation of What They Are Experiencing and How They Are Managing? 2019冠状病毒病对孟加拉国中小企业的影响:调查他们正在经历什么以及他们如何管理?
Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3654126
Md. Qamruzzaman
Purpose: It is too early to make judgments referring to COVID-19 impressions on various aspects of the economy. However, SMEs in Bangladesh have already been experiencing the devastating and ruthless impact as such the motivation of the study to develop insight relating to what is experiencing by SMEs and how they are managing. Methodology– This study used a descriptive analysis method of primary and secondary data obtained directly both from field survey and from various publication sources Findings: These study findings might assist in formulating the strategic decision focusing on SME's revival and regrowth after the pandemic become stable. Study findings also utterly established the fact i.e. government should invest considerable effects for mobilization and efficient reallocation of resources through collaboration of both Banks and nonbanks financial instructions. Else, unemployment, decline growth speed, and social insecurity might appear and prevail in the long run. Research limitations – This study is focused on the Dhaka city area during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak with a policy of social distancing and physical distancing. Originality– This is the first study of exploring and investigating the effects of the current pandemic on SMEs concentrating on Dhaka city. It is noteworthy that SMEs in Bangladesh is predominantly located in the major city area, Dhaka is one of them.
▽目的:现在就新冠疫情对经济各方面的影响做出判断还为时过早。然而,孟加拉国的中小企业已经经历了毁灭性和无情的影响,因此研究的动机是发展与中小企业正在经历的事情以及他们如何管理有关的见解。方法-本研究采用描述性分析方法,对直接从实地调查和各种出版物来源获得的第一手和二手数据进行分析。研究结果:这些研究结果可能有助于制定战略决策,重点关注疫情稳定后中小企业的复兴和再生。研究结果也完全确立了这样一个事实,即政府应该通过银行和非银行金融指令的合作,为资源的动员和有效的再分配投入相当大的影响。否则,长期来看,失业、增长速度下降和社会不安全可能会出现并普遍存在。研究局限性:本研究的重点是在Covid-19大流行爆发期间采取社交和保持身体距离政策的达卡城市地区。独创性——这是探索和调查当前流行病对集中在达卡市的中小企业的影响的第一项研究。值得注意的是,孟加拉国的中小企业主要分布在主要城市地区,达卡就是其中之一。
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引用次数: 11
Pooled Testing for Quarantine Decisions 用于隔离决策的汇总测试
Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3633360
Elliot Lipnowski, D. Ravid
We study optimal testing to inform quarantine decisions for a population exhibiting a heterogeneous probability of carrying a pathogen. Because test supply is limited, the planner may choose to test a pooled sample, which contains the specimens of multiple individuals (Dorfman, 1943). We characterize the unique optimal allocation of tests. This allocation features assortative batching, whereby agents of differing infection risk are never jointly tested. Moreover, the planner tests only individuals whose prior quarantine decision is the most uncertain. Finally, individuals with higher infection risk are tested in smaller batches, because such tests minimize the informational externality of group testing.
我们研究最佳检测,以告知检疫决策的人群显示异质概率携带病原体。由于测试供应有限,计划者可以选择测试一个汇集的样本,其中包含多个个体的样本(Dorfman, 1943)。我们描述了唯一的最佳测试分配。这种分配的特点是分类批处理,即不同感染风险的代理从来没有联合测试。此外,计划者只测试那些先前的隔离决定最不确定的个体。最后,对感染风险较高的个体进行小批量检测,因为这样的检测可以最大限度地减少群体检测的信息外部性。
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引用次数: 9
The Influence of Encounter Service Quality on Patient Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in Chinese Public Hospitals 会诊服务质量对患者满意度的影响:中国公立医院的实证研究
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/529
Wenxin Wang, Geoffrey Bentum-Micah, Zhiqiang Ma, Bing Liu, Antoinette Asabea-Addo, Emmanuel Bosompem-Boadi, S. A. Atuahene, Victor Bondzie‐Micah
Purpose: This paper examined the association between perceived service quality and patient satisfaction of Chinese out-patients in the patronage of medical services. Design/Methodology/Approach: Utilizing by novelty specific departments in the hospital’s and logistics multiple regression investigation, the researchers tested and estimated the statistical effects of the department’s services (perceived service quality) as a predictor for out-patients satisfaction. Findings: The analysis shows that patients who exhibited content from the services of selected departments reported greater satisfaction, with it impacts suggesting a measurably noteworthy effect, even in a total medical seller market like China. Practical Implication: The study brings forth implications both for professionals and academics. It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality from as low as departmental levels and patient’s satisfaction to achieve advantage. Originality/Value: It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality.
目的:研究中国门诊患者就诊时感知服务质量与患者满意度的关系。设计/方法/方法:利用新颖性特定科室在医院和后勤多元回归调查,研究人员测试和估计了科室服务(感知服务质量)作为门诊患者满意度预测因子的统计效应。研究结果:分析表明,展示了选定部门服务内容的患者报告了更高的满意度,其影响表明,即使在像中国这样的医疗销售商市场,也有显著的影响。实践意义:本研究对专业人士和学术界都有启示。它鼓励更多的研究,其发现和应用可以提供价值的管理工具,考虑和确定来源,连接潜在的改善感知服务质量之间的关系,从低至部门水平和患者满意度实现优势。原创性/价值:它鼓励更多的研究,其发现和应用可以提供价值,作为一种管理工具,考虑和确定来源,以连接感知服务质量的潜在改进之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Fiscal Strategies to Help Cities Recover—and Prosper 帮助城市复苏和繁荣的财政战略
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3646444
S. Goldsmith, Charles Stitt
Despite robust economies, many local officials entered 2020 already worried about budget balances that looked fragile in the short term and problematic in the long term due to enormous pension and health-care issues. Today, in the wake of COVID-19, clearly federal support is necessary, but it is also apparent that it cannot alleviate all the pressures on communities as responsibilities related to the pandemic skyrocket while revenues plummet.
尽管经济强劲,但进入2020年,许多地方官员已经对预算平衡感到担忧。由于庞大的养老金和医疗保健问题,预算平衡短期内看起来很脆弱,长期来看则会出现问题。今天,在2019冠状病毒病之后,联邦政府的支持显然是必要的,但也很明显,它无法减轻社区的所有压力,因为与大流行有关的责任飙升,而收入暴跌。
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引用次数: 0
The Housing Wealth Effect in the Post-Great Recession Period: Evidence from Big Data 后大衰退时期的住房财富效应:来自大数据的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3641841
Diana Farrell, Fiona Greig, Chen Zhao
In this report, we examine the housing wealth effect channel of monetary policy and measure the increase in consumption as a result of the large increase in house prices after the Great Recession using administrative banking data, including transaction-level deposit and credit card data and loan-level mortgage data. Our results suggest that the MPC out of housing wealth for 2012 to 2018 is much smaller than estimates for prior periods and, is in fact, between zero and 1.6 cents. We also find near zero MPCs for each year between 2012 and 2018 and even for subgroups with the greatest access to liquidity—more home equity, more available credit on credit cards, and more liquid assets. We reconcile this near zero MPC out of housing wealth in the post-Great Recession period with a larger MPC during the preceding periods by noting that the volume of home equity withdrawal in the post-Great Recession period was much lower than during the housing boom. Our findings have important implications, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its unprecedented economic impacts. Efforts to boost consumption that focus on increasing homeowners’ liquidity, such as reducing frictions to accessing home equity, would be most successful but also carry risks in a recession when home prices are likely to depreciate and increased income volatility may translate into more credit risk. A smaller housing wealth effect diminishes the ability of conventional monetary policy to affect the real economy through the housing market, resulting in lower consumption and GDP growth than might otherwise be expected. Policymakers may need to lean more heavily on other channels of monetary policy and unconventional measures, as well as fiscal policies that provide households with liquidity.
在本报告中,我们研究了货币政策的住房财富效应渠道,并使用行政银行数据(包括交易级别的存款和信用卡数据以及贷款级别的抵押贷款数据)衡量了大衰退后房价大幅上涨导致的消费增长。我们的研究结果表明,2012年至2018年住房财富的MPC比之前的估计要小得多,实际上在0到1.6美分之间。我们还发现,在2012年至2018年期间,mpc每年都接近于零,即使是流动性最大的子群体——更多的房屋净值、更多的信用卡可用信贷和更多的流动资产——也是如此。我们通过注意到后大衰退时期房屋净值赎回量远低于房地产繁荣时期,将大衰退时期住房财富的MPC接近于零与之前时期的MPC进行了调和。我们的研究结果具有重要意义,特别是考虑到2019冠状病毒病大流行及其前所未有的经济影响。以增加房主流动性为重点的提振消费的努力,如减少获得房屋净值的摩擦,将是最成功的,但在经济衰退中也存在风险,因为房价可能贬值,收入波动加剧可能转化为更多的信贷风险。较小的住房财富效应削弱了传统货币政策通过房地产市场影响实体经济的能力,导致消费和GDP增长低于预期。政策制定者可能需要更多地依赖其他货币政策渠道和非常规措施,以及为家庭提供流动性的财政政策。
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引用次数: 2
Debt Liquidity and Recession Economics During the Pandemic: A Blessing or a Curse? 大流行期间的债务流动性和衰退经济学:是福还是祸?
Pub Date : 2020-06-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3642602
S. Savvides
Normal demand will return to pre-pandemic levels only when conditions for living a normal life also gradually come back. And this will not happen before a vaccine is discovered, produced and administered or a cure is in place. The article questions the wisdom of prematurely using recession economics when the impact of these measures are likely to fail. In particular it is argued that the Cyprus Government response to the pandemic crisis is a recipe for economic disaster as it subsidises special interest groups, increases the debt, dilutes investor equity and will be maintaining labour and other operational costs artificially high. These are bound to hinder the country’s prospect of recovery amidst increasing world competition when the pandemic is finally over and the real reconstruction of the economy begins.
只有当正常生活条件也逐渐恢复时,正常需求才会恢复到大流行前的水平。在疫苗被发现、生产和使用或治愈方法到位之前,这种情况不会发生。这篇文章质疑过早使用衰退经济学是否明智,因为这些措施的效果很可能会失效。特别是,有人认为,塞浦路斯政府对大流行病危机的反应是造成经济灾难的原因,因为它补贴特殊利益集团,增加债务,稀释投资者权益,并将人为地使劳动力和其他业务成本居高不下。当疫情最终结束,经济真正开始重建时,在世界竞争日益激烈的情况下,这些因素势必会阻碍该国的复苏前景。
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引用次数: 1
Investor Attention towards coronavirus and response of Stock and Sovereign Credit Default Swaps Markets 投资者对冠状病毒的关注以及股票和主权信用违约互换市场的反应
Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3655084
Hilal Anwar Butt, Falik Shear, Mohsin Sadaqat
We use search queries with the word “CORONAVIRUS” in Google Trends as a proxy for investors’ attention and track its impact on the stock markets and sovereign risk. By using daily data of 41 countries for the period of January-June 2020, it is found that increased coronavirus related search is negatively linked with stock market returns and positively linked with country risk. Further, stock market returns are depressed, and sovereign risk is higher in developed countries than emerging countries in response to rising concern about the spread of COVID-19.
我们在谷歌趋势中使用“冠状病毒”一词作为投资者关注程度的代表,并追踪其对股市和主权风险的影响。利用41个国家2020年1 - 6月的每日数据,研究发现,冠状病毒相关搜索量的增加与股市回报呈负相关,与国家风险呈正相关。此外,股市回报率低迷,发达国家的主权风险高于新兴国家,这是对COVID-19蔓延的担忧日益加剧的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Who Pays for Health Care Costs? The Effects of Health Care Prices on Wages 谁来支付医疗费用?医疗保健价格对工资的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3657598
Daniel R. Arnold, C. Whaley
Leverages geographic variation in health care price growth caused by changes in hospital market structure, and in particular, mergers, to test the impact of health care prices on wages and benefit design.
利用由医院市场结构变化,特别是合并引起的医疗保健价格增长的地理差异,来测试医疗保健价格对工资和福利设计的影响。
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引用次数: 12
Rebooting Britain: How the UK Economy Can Recover from Coronavirus 重启英国:英国经济如何从冠状病毒中复苏
Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3851983
J. Jessop, J. Shackleton
The uncertainty created by the COVID-19 has reinvigorated old debates about the role of the state, highlighting the flexibility of private businesses and civil society and illustrating weaknesses in state planning. The UK healthcare system has struggled to keep up with those in other countries, where market forces play a bigger part. Business activity has further slumped during lockdown, as many businesses simply cannot operate in the new world of social distancing and suffer severe reductions in output. However, if markets are liberalised and allowed to operate freely, the recovery may be quicker than many think. This could mean eliminating occupational rules that reduce labour market flexibility and employment obligations that reduce job opportunities. Another way of rebuilding a prosperous economy is to restore full employment, and not to price workers out of jobs or disincentivise them from seeking work by increasing taxes on individuals and corporations. The fiscal costs of the crisis could be manageable without tax increases. Government borrowing will shrink again as the economy recovers and the emergency fiscal measures are wound down. The gradual easing of restrictions and the return of consumer and business confidence could suffice to kickstart the economy. The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) has played a valuable role in protecting jobs and incomes in the short run, but it is expensive and distortionary, and there are dangers in keeping defunct businesses on life support.
COVID-19造成的不确定性重新激起了关于国家作用的旧辩论,凸显了私营企业和民间社会的灵活性,并暴露了国家规划的弱点。英国的医疗体系一直难以跟上市场力量发挥更大作用的其他国家的医疗体系。在封锁期间,商业活动进一步下滑,因为许多企业根本无法在保持社交距离的新世界中运营,产出严重减少。然而,如果市场自由化并允许自由运作,复苏可能比许多人想象的要快。这可能意味着取消降低劳动力市场灵活性的职业规则和减少就业机会的就业义务。重建繁荣经济的另一种方式是恢复充分就业,而不是通过增加个人和公司的税收来让工人失去工作或抑制他们找工作的积极性。在不增税的情况下,危机的财政成本是可控的。随着经济复苏和紧急财政措施逐渐结束,政府借款将再次萎缩。限制的逐步放松以及消费者和企业信心的恢复可能足以启动经济。冠状病毒就业保留计划(CJRS)在短期内保护就业和收入方面发挥了宝贵作用,但它既昂贵又扭曲,而且让倒闭的企业继续维持生命存在危险。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal
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