We all are aware of the fact that Covid 19 has caused a huge potential loss and destruction of life and money which is certainly unsalvageable As many as 1,450
{"title":"How to Raise Economy Post Lockdown","authors":"Usama Mubarak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3658985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3658985","url":null,"abstract":"We all are aware of the fact that Covid 19 has caused a huge potential loss and destruction of life and money which is certainly unsalvageable As many as 1,450","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85873068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: It is too early to make judgments referring to COVID-19 impressions on various aspects of the economy. However, SMEs in Bangladesh have already been experiencing the devastating and ruthless impact as such the motivation of the study to develop insight relating to what is experiencing by SMEs and how they are managing. Methodology– This study used a descriptive analysis method of primary and secondary data obtained directly both from field survey and from various publication sources Findings: These study findings might assist in formulating the strategic decision focusing on SME's revival and regrowth after the pandemic become stable. Study findings also utterly established the fact i.e. government should invest considerable effects for mobilization and efficient reallocation of resources through collaboration of both Banks and nonbanks financial instructions. Else, unemployment, decline growth speed, and social insecurity might appear and prevail in the long run. Research limitations – This study is focused on the Dhaka city area during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak with a policy of social distancing and physical distancing. Originality– This is the first study of exploring and investigating the effects of the current pandemic on SMEs concentrating on Dhaka city. It is noteworthy that SMEs in Bangladesh is predominantly located in the major city area, Dhaka is one of them.
{"title":"COVID-19 Impact on SMEs in Bangladesh: An Investigation of What They Are Experiencing and How They Are Managing?","authors":"Md. Qamruzzaman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3654126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3654126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: It is too early to make judgments referring to COVID-19 impressions on various aspects of the economy. However, SMEs in Bangladesh have already been experiencing the devastating and ruthless impact as such the motivation of the study to develop insight relating to what is experiencing by SMEs and how they are managing. \u0000 \u0000Methodology– This study used a descriptive analysis method of primary and secondary data obtained directly both from field survey and from various publication sources \u0000 \u0000Findings: These study findings might assist in formulating the strategic decision focusing on SME's revival and regrowth after the pandemic become stable. Study findings also utterly established the fact i.e. government should invest considerable effects for mobilization and efficient reallocation of resources through collaboration of both Banks and nonbanks financial instructions. Else, unemployment, decline growth speed, and social insecurity might appear and prevail in the long run. \u0000 \u0000Research limitations – This study is focused on the Dhaka city area during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak with a policy of social distancing and physical distancing. \u0000 \u0000Originality– This is the first study of exploring and investigating the effects of the current pandemic on SMEs concentrating on Dhaka city. It is noteworthy that SMEs in Bangladesh is predominantly located in the major city area, Dhaka is one of them.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89267458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study optimal testing to inform quarantine decisions for a population exhibiting a heterogeneous probability of carrying a pathogen. Because test supply is limited, the planner may choose to test a pooled sample, which contains the specimens of multiple individuals (Dorfman, 1943). We characterize the unique optimal allocation of tests. This allocation features assortative batching, whereby agents of differing infection risk are never jointly tested. Moreover, the planner tests only individuals whose prior quarantine decision is the most uncertain. Finally, individuals with higher infection risk are tested in smaller batches, because such tests minimize the informational externality of group testing.
{"title":"Pooled Testing for Quarantine Decisions","authors":"Elliot Lipnowski, D. Ravid","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3633360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3633360","url":null,"abstract":"We study optimal testing to inform quarantine decisions for a population exhibiting a heterogeneous probability of carrying a pathogen. Because test supply is limited, the planner may choose to test a pooled sample, which contains the specimens of multiple individuals (Dorfman, 1943). We characterize the unique optimal allocation of tests. This allocation features assortative batching, whereby agents of differing infection risk are never jointly tested. Moreover, the planner tests only individuals whose prior quarantine decision is the most uncertain. Finally, individuals with higher infection risk are tested in smaller batches, because such tests minimize the informational externality of group testing.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85762015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxin Wang, Geoffrey Bentum-Micah, Zhiqiang Ma, Bing Liu, Antoinette Asabea-Addo, Emmanuel Bosompem-Boadi, S. A. Atuahene, Victor Bondzie‐Micah
Purpose: This paper examined the association between perceived service quality and patient satisfaction of Chinese out-patients in the patronage of medical services. Design/Methodology/Approach: Utilizing by novelty specific departments in the hospital’s and logistics multiple regression investigation, the researchers tested and estimated the statistical effects of the department’s services (perceived service quality) as a predictor for out-patients satisfaction. Findings: The analysis shows that patients who exhibited content from the services of selected departments reported greater satisfaction, with it impacts suggesting a measurably noteworthy effect, even in a total medical seller market like China. Practical Implication: The study brings forth implications both for professionals and academics. It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality from as low as departmental levels and patient’s satisfaction to achieve advantage. Originality/Value: It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality.
{"title":"The Influence of Encounter Service Quality on Patient Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in Chinese Public Hospitals","authors":"Wenxin Wang, Geoffrey Bentum-Micah, Zhiqiang Ma, Bing Liu, Antoinette Asabea-Addo, Emmanuel Bosompem-Boadi, S. A. Atuahene, Victor Bondzie‐Micah","doi":"10.35808/ijeba/529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/529","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper examined the association between perceived service quality and patient satisfaction of Chinese out-patients in the patronage of medical services. Design/Methodology/Approach: Utilizing by novelty specific departments in the hospital’s and logistics multiple regression investigation, the researchers tested and estimated the statistical effects of the department’s services (perceived service quality) as a predictor for out-patients satisfaction. Findings: The analysis shows that patients who exhibited content from the services of selected departments reported greater satisfaction, with it impacts suggesting a measurably noteworthy effect, even in a total medical seller market like China. Practical Implication: The study brings forth implications both for professionals and academics. It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality from as low as departmental levels and patient’s satisfaction to achieve advantage. Originality/Value: It encourages more studies, and its findings and application can provide value as a management tool to consider and identify sources as linking the relationship between potential improvements in perceived service quality.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91482750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite robust economies, many local officials entered 2020 already worried about budget balances that looked fragile in the short term and problematic in the long term due to enormous pension and health-care issues. Today, in the wake of COVID-19, clearly federal support is necessary, but it is also apparent that it cannot alleviate all the pressures on communities as responsibilities related to the pandemic skyrocket while revenues plummet.
{"title":"Fiscal Strategies to Help Cities Recover—and Prosper","authors":"S. Goldsmith, Charles Stitt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3646444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3646444","url":null,"abstract":"Despite robust economies, many local officials entered 2020 already worried about budget balances that looked fragile in the short term and problematic in the long term due to enormous pension and health-care issues. Today, in the wake of COVID-19, clearly federal support is necessary, but it is also apparent that it cannot alleviate all the pressures on communities as responsibilities related to the pandemic skyrocket while revenues plummet.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this report, we examine the housing wealth effect channel of monetary policy and measure the increase in consumption as a result of the large increase in house prices after the Great Recession using administrative banking data, including transaction-level deposit and credit card data and loan-level mortgage data. Our results suggest that the MPC out of housing wealth for 2012 to 2018 is much smaller than estimates for prior periods and, is in fact, between zero and 1.6 cents. We also find near zero MPCs for each year between 2012 and 2018 and even for subgroups with the greatest access to liquidity—more home equity, more available credit on credit cards, and more liquid assets. We reconcile this near zero MPC out of housing wealth in the post-Great Recession period with a larger MPC during the preceding periods by noting that the volume of home equity withdrawal in the post-Great Recession period was much lower than during the housing boom. Our findings have important implications, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its unprecedented economic impacts. Efforts to boost consumption that focus on increasing homeowners’ liquidity, such as reducing frictions to accessing home equity, would be most successful but also carry risks in a recession when home prices are likely to depreciate and increased income volatility may translate into more credit risk. A smaller housing wealth effect diminishes the ability of conventional monetary policy to affect the real economy through the housing market, resulting in lower consumption and GDP growth than might otherwise be expected. Policymakers may need to lean more heavily on other channels of monetary policy and unconventional measures, as well as fiscal policies that provide households with liquidity.
{"title":"The Housing Wealth Effect in the Post-Great Recession Period: Evidence from Big Data","authors":"Diana Farrell, Fiona Greig, Chen Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641841","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, we examine the housing wealth effect channel of monetary policy and measure the increase in consumption as a result of the large increase in house prices after the Great Recession using administrative banking data, including transaction-level deposit and credit card data and loan-level mortgage data. Our results suggest that the MPC out of housing wealth for 2012 to 2018 is much smaller than estimates for prior periods and, is in fact, between zero and 1.6 cents. We also find near zero MPCs for each year between 2012 and 2018 and even for subgroups with the greatest access to liquidity—more home equity, more available credit on credit cards, and more liquid assets. We reconcile this near zero MPC out of housing wealth in the post-Great Recession period with a larger MPC during the preceding periods by noting that the volume of home equity withdrawal in the post-Great Recession period was much lower than during the housing boom. Our findings have important implications, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its unprecedented economic impacts. Efforts to boost consumption that focus on increasing homeowners’ liquidity, such as reducing frictions to accessing home equity, would be most successful but also carry risks in a recession when home prices are likely to depreciate and increased income volatility may translate into more credit risk. A smaller housing wealth effect diminishes the ability of conventional monetary policy to affect the real economy through the housing market, resulting in lower consumption and GDP growth than might otherwise be expected. Policymakers may need to lean more heavily on other channels of monetary policy and unconventional measures, as well as fiscal policies that provide households with liquidity.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"15 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normal demand will return to pre-pandemic levels only when conditions for living a normal life also gradually come back. And this will not happen before a vaccine is discovered, produced and administered or a cure is in place. The article questions the wisdom of prematurely using recession economics when the impact of these measures are likely to fail. In particular it is argued that the Cyprus Government response to the pandemic crisis is a recipe for economic disaster as it subsidises special interest groups, increases the debt, dilutes investor equity and will be maintaining labour and other operational costs artificially high. These are bound to hinder the country’s prospect of recovery amidst increasing world competition when the pandemic is finally over and the real reconstruction of the economy begins.
{"title":"Debt Liquidity and Recession Economics During the Pandemic: A Blessing or a Curse?","authors":"S. Savvides","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3642602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3642602","url":null,"abstract":"Normal demand will return to pre-pandemic levels only when conditions for living a normal life also gradually come back. And this will not happen before a vaccine is discovered, produced and administered or a cure is in place. The article questions the wisdom of prematurely using recession economics when the impact of these measures are likely to fail. In particular it is argued that the Cyprus Government response to the pandemic crisis is a recipe for economic disaster as it subsidises special interest groups, increases the debt, dilutes investor equity and will be maintaining labour and other operational costs artificially high. These are bound to hinder the country’s prospect of recovery amidst increasing world competition when the pandemic is finally over and the real reconstruction of the economy begins.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83337067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We use search queries with the word “CORONAVIRUS” in Google Trends as a proxy for investors’ attention and track its impact on the stock markets and sovereign risk. By using daily data of 41 countries for the period of January-June 2020, it is found that increased coronavirus related search is negatively linked with stock market returns and positively linked with country risk. Further, stock market returns are depressed, and sovereign risk is higher in developed countries than emerging countries in response to rising concern about the spread of COVID-19.
{"title":"Investor Attention towards coronavirus and response of Stock and Sovereign Credit Default Swaps Markets","authors":"Hilal Anwar Butt, Falik Shear, Mohsin Sadaqat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3655084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3655084","url":null,"abstract":"We use search queries with the word “CORONAVIRUS” in Google Trends as a proxy for investors’ attention and track its impact on the stock markets and sovereign risk. By using daily data of 41 countries for the period of January-June 2020, it is found that increased coronavirus related search is negatively linked with stock market returns and positively linked with country risk. Further, stock market returns are depressed, and sovereign risk is higher in developed countries than emerging countries in response to rising concern about the spread of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88480716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leverages geographic variation in health care price growth caused by changes in hospital market structure, and in particular, mergers, to test the impact of health care prices on wages and benefit design.
{"title":"Who Pays for Health Care Costs? The Effects of Health Care Prices on Wages","authors":"Daniel R. Arnold, C. Whaley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3657598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3657598","url":null,"abstract":"Leverages geographic variation in health care price growth caused by changes in hospital market structure, and in particular, mergers, to test the impact of health care prices on wages and benefit design.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86723787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The uncertainty created by the COVID-19 has reinvigorated old debates about the role of the state, highlighting the flexibility of private businesses and civil society and illustrating weaknesses in state planning. The UK healthcare system has struggled to keep up with those in other countries, where market forces play a bigger part. Business activity has further slumped during lockdown, as many businesses simply cannot operate in the new world of social distancing and suffer severe reductions in output. However, if markets are liberalised and allowed to operate freely, the recovery may be quicker than many think. This could mean eliminating occupational rules that reduce labour market flexibility and employment obligations that reduce job opportunities. Another way of rebuilding a prosperous economy is to restore full employment, and not to price workers out of jobs or disincentivise them from seeking work by increasing taxes on individuals and corporations. The fiscal costs of the crisis could be manageable without tax increases. Government borrowing will shrink again as the economy recovers and the emergency fiscal measures are wound down. The gradual easing of restrictions and the return of consumer and business confidence could suffice to kickstart the economy. The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) has played a valuable role in protecting jobs and incomes in the short run, but it is expensive and distortionary, and there are dangers in keeping defunct businesses on life support.
{"title":"Rebooting Britain: How the UK Economy Can Recover from Coronavirus","authors":"J. Jessop, J. Shackleton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851983","url":null,"abstract":"The uncertainty created by the COVID-19 has reinvigorated old debates about the role of the state, highlighting the flexibility of private businesses and civil society and illustrating weaknesses in state planning. The UK healthcare system has struggled to keep up with those in other countries, where market forces play a bigger part. Business activity has further slumped during lockdown, as many businesses simply cannot operate in the new world of social distancing and suffer severe reductions in output. However, if markets are liberalised and allowed to operate freely, the recovery may be quicker than many think. This could mean eliminating occupational rules that reduce labour market flexibility and employment obligations that reduce job opportunities. Another way of rebuilding a prosperous economy is to restore full employment, and not to price workers out of jobs or disincentivise them from seeking work by increasing taxes on individuals and corporations. The fiscal costs of the crisis could be manageable without tax increases. Government borrowing will shrink again as the economy recovers and the emergency fiscal measures are wound down. The gradual easing of restrictions and the return of consumer and business confidence could suffice to kickstart the economy. The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) has played a valuable role in protecting jobs and incomes in the short run, but it is expensive and distortionary, and there are dangers in keeping defunct businesses on life support.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77788072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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