The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the world economy at standstill which brings huge challenges to major affected countries. The impact of this disease on economy is highly uncertain putting policymakers in difficult situation to formulate appropriate policy in a short time. India being the second most populous country in the world after China, there is no easy way to contain the virus from spreading. Early anticipation is that, this pandemic will give a major blow to nation’s economy when the country is already experiencing continuous decline in GDP growth for the past few quarters. In order to better understand possible economic outcome, this paper attempts to model and forecast GDP growth rate of India for the next 11 quarters from Q2 of 2020 to Q4 of 2022. Using quarterly GDP data, Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied to forecast short-term GDP in ARIMA (1, 1, 4) model. The prediction made in this paper demonstrates worrying economy for India that even with contained outbreak and several stimulus measures taken by the government, the pandemic could have a significant impact on Indian economy in the short-run with no signs of recovery. The result indicates that India will continue to experience significant decline of GDP growth till the fourth quarter of 2022. However, the forecast made in this study is only indicative rather than definitive.
{"title":"Forecasting Potential Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on India's GDP Using ARIMA Model","authors":"Imtinungsang Jamir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3613724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3613724","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the world economy at standstill which brings huge challenges to major affected countries. The impact of this disease on economy is highly uncertain putting policymakers in difficult situation to formulate appropriate policy in a short time. India being the second most populous country in the world after China, there is no easy way to contain the virus from spreading. Early anticipation is that, this pandemic will give a major blow to nation’s economy when the country is already experiencing continuous decline in GDP growth for the past few quarters. In order to better understand possible economic outcome, this paper attempts to model and forecast GDP growth rate of India for the next 11 quarters from Q2 of 2020 to Q4 of 2022. Using quarterly GDP data, Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied to forecast short-term GDP in ARIMA (1, 1, 4) model. The prediction made in this paper demonstrates worrying economy for India that even with contained outbreak and several stimulus measures taken by the government, the pandemic could have a significant impact on Indian economy in the short-run with no signs of recovery. The result indicates that India will continue to experience significant decline of GDP growth till the fourth quarter of 2022. However, the forecast made in this study is only indicative rather than definitive.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We empirically investigated how voluntary helping behavior is influenced by the number of its potential recipients by using a nationwide survey in Japan (N = 1,333) and examining the relationship between blood type and blood donation behavior. It is generally known in Japan that type O blood can be medically transfused to individuals of all blood groups; therefore, the potential transfusion recipients’ number of the type O blood is the largest among the four blood groups. Our empirical analysis revealed that people with type O blood were more likely to have donated blood in the past than those with the other blood types. This association was stronger in a subsample of individuals who had knowledge relating to the above-mentioned widespread utility of type O blood. In addition, our empirical analysis arrested the concern that potential blood-type differences in altruistic attitudes might explain their differences in blood donation behavior, by confirming that type O blood was not significantly related to other altruistic behaviors (i.e., registration for bone-marrow donation, intention to donate organs, and making monetary donations) or attitudes (i.e., general trust, altruism, reciprocity, and agreeableness). After conducting further analyses, we concluded that the vast number of potential recipients of type O blood causes different patterns of Japanese people’s blood donation behavior across the four blood groups. This study added to the literature the real-world evidence concerning how having many potential recipients affect people’s behavior of providing common goods..
{"title":"Blood Type and Blood Donation Behavior","authors":"Shusaku Sasaki, Yoshifumi Funasaki, Hirofumi Kurokawa, Fumio Ohtake","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3171957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3171957","url":null,"abstract":"We empirically investigated how voluntary helping behavior is influenced by the number of its potential recipients by using a nationwide survey in Japan (N = 1,333) and examining the relationship between blood type and blood donation behavior. It is generally known in Japan that type O blood can be medically transfused to individuals of all blood groups; therefore, the potential transfusion recipients’ number of the type O blood is the largest among the four blood groups. Our empirical analysis revealed that people with type O blood were more likely to have donated blood in the past than those with the other blood types. This association was stronger in a subsample of individuals who had knowledge relating to the above-mentioned widespread utility of type O blood. In addition, our empirical analysis arrested the concern that potential blood-type differences in altruistic attitudes might explain their differences in blood donation behavior, by confirming that type O blood was not significantly related to other altruistic behaviors (i.e., registration for bone-marrow donation, intention to donate organs, and making monetary donations) or attitudes (i.e., general trust, altruism, reciprocity, and agreeableness). After conducting further analyses, we concluded that the vast number of potential recipients of type O blood causes different patterns of Japanese people’s blood donation behavior across the four blood groups. This study added to the literature the real-world evidence concerning how having many potential recipients affect people’s behavior of providing common goods..","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90362180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current merger review law is critically flawed. Courts in Clayton Act Section 7 cases consider the likelihood that a merger will harm competition as a threshold question before considering the size of harm that could ensue. Under current law, to block a merger a judge must find that the deal is likely to substantially harm competition. But this likelihood threshold is neither sound policy nor required by the law. The statute—barring mergers whose effects “may be substantially to lessen competition”—instructs courts to evaluate the likelihood and magnitude of harm that a merger could cause together, rather than separately. Considering likelihood without simultaneously weighing magnitude is to miss half the story. Courts should instead bar mergers whose expected effect, multiplying likelihood of harm by magnitude of harm, is to significantly harm competition.
Applying an expected-effects test will also fix our broken potential competition doctrine. Because it is often impossible to show that a merger between a dominant firm and its potential rival is more likely than not to significantly harm competition, the Clayton Act is a dead letter as applied to such mergers. Discarding the likelihood threshold reveals how harmful many such mergers are on average, and will address the problem of incumbents buying their startup competitors.
To implement this test, I propose a new structural presumption for mergers between incumbents and potential rivals. The test stays within current statutory language and would help to block mergers that pose the greatest threat to future competition.
{"title":"Getting to \"May Be\": Probability, Potential Competition, and the Clayton Act","authors":"D. Bloomfield","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3589820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3589820","url":null,"abstract":"Current merger review law is critically flawed. Courts in Clayton Act Section 7 cases consider the likelihood that a merger will harm competition as a threshold question before considering the size of harm that could ensue. Under current law, to block a merger a judge must find that the deal is likely to substantially harm competition. But this likelihood threshold is neither sound policy nor required by the law. The statute—barring mergers whose effects “may be substantially to lessen competition”—instructs courts to evaluate the likelihood and magnitude of harm that a merger could cause together, rather than separately. Considering likelihood without simultaneously weighing magnitude is to miss half the story. Courts should instead bar mergers whose expected effect, multiplying likelihood of harm by magnitude of harm, is to significantly harm competition. <br><br>Applying an expected-effects test will also fix our broken potential competition doctrine. Because it is often impossible to show that a merger between a dominant firm and its potential rival is more likely than not to significantly harm competition, the Clayton Act is a dead letter as applied to such mergers. Discarding the likelihood threshold reveals how harmful many such mergers are on average, and will address the problem of incumbents buying their startup competitors.<br><br>To implement this test, I propose a new structural presumption for mergers between incumbents and potential rivals. The test stays within current statutory language and would help to block mergers that pose the greatest threat to future competition. <br>","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74204738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cardenas, F. Robles-Rivera, Diego Martínez-Vallejo
Spanish Abstract: El presente artículo realiza un análisis triple para entender el efecto de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre la desigualdad económica en América Latina. En primer lugar, se evidencia que las divisas latinoamericanas son de las más depreciadas del mundo, lo que sumerge a las economías de América Latina en una alta inestabilidad económica y dificulta construir políticas macroeconómicas estables de distribución y redistribución. En segundo lugar, se discuten las consecuencias de la alta informalidad en el empleo de las economías de América Latina para mostrar el probable aumento de la desigualdad. Finalmente, se identifican las demandas de las élites empresariales en tiempos de pandemia en cinco países de América Latina y las respuestas del gobierno, lo que evidencia fuertes barreras para implementar reformas fiscales progresivas.
English Abstract: This article performs a triple analysis to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic inequality in Latin America. First, we show the depreciation of Latin American currencies, which generates high economic instability and hampers the developmen t of stable macroeconomic policies for distribution and redistribution. Second, we discuss the consequences of high informality in employment to show the probable increase in inequality. Finally, we identify the preferences of business elites in times of pandemic in five Latin American countries and the government's responses, which evidences strong constraints to implement progressive fiscal reforms.
{"title":"Élites Empresariales y Desigualdad en Tiempos de Pandemia en América Latina (Business Elites and Inequality in Times of Pandemic in Latin America)","authors":"J. Cardenas, F. Robles-Rivera, Diego Martínez-Vallejo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3620577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3620577","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El presente artículo realiza un análisis triple para entender el efecto de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre la desigualdad económica en América Latina. En primer lugar, se evidencia que las divisas latinoamericanas son de las más depreciadas del mundo, lo que sumerge a las economías de América Latina en una alta inestabilidad económica y dificulta construir políticas macroeconómicas estables de distribución y redistribución. En segundo lugar, se discuten las consecuencias de la alta informalidad en el empleo de las economías de América Latina para mostrar el probable aumento de la desigualdad. Finalmente, se identifican las demandas de las élites empresariales en tiempos de pandemia en cinco países de América Latina y las respuestas del gobierno, lo que evidencia fuertes barreras para implementar reformas fiscales progresivas.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This article performs a triple analysis to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic inequality in Latin America. First, we show the depreciation of Latin American currencies, which generates high economic instability and hampers the developmen t of stable macroeconomic policies for distribution and redistribution. Second, we discuss the consequences of high informality in employment to show the probable increase in inequality. Finally, we identify the preferences of business elites in times of pandemic in five Latin American countries and the government's responses, which evidences strong constraints to implement progressive fiscal reforms.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81438451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faced with a pandemic, how does the government decide whether to shut down the economy or employ less economically-damaging mitigation measures, and what are the second-best distortions in this decision? We address this question from a positive (how does) rather than a normative (how should) standpoint to explain how differences in second-best distortions can lead to differences in policy responses to a pandemic across different countries, and why there may be a disposition for shutdowns despite these differences. Our analysis develops a two-period production-consumption model in which the economy can be hit with health shocks in the form of pandemics in both periods. The government can choose to do nothing, invest in mitigation to attenuate the effects of a shock, shut down the economy, or choose to invest in mitigation and shut down the economy. Shutting down the economy leads to fewer expected deaths but also creates loss of economic output, with consequences for the economy's ability to invest in mitigation when hit with future health shocks. We derive conditions under which mitigation without a shutdown is the optimal policy choice and conditions under which mitigation with a shutdown is the optimal policy. We then introduce public health experts who advise the government on its policy response. We show that these experts' career concerns can induce a shutdown even when their private information indicates that not shutting down is Pareto superior. The public health experts' career concerns can thus induce a policy "death trap" and lead to the wrong choice. We also discuss why shutdowns may be more damaging in emerging markets than in developed countries.
{"title":"Pandemic Death Traps","authors":"A. Goel, A. Thakor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3619586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3619586","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with a pandemic, how does the government decide whether to shut down the economy or employ less economically-damaging mitigation measures, and what are the second-best distortions in this decision? We address this question from a positive (how does) rather than a normative (how should) standpoint to explain how differences in second-best distortions can lead to differences in policy responses to a pandemic across different countries, and why there may be a disposition for shutdowns despite these differences. Our analysis develops a two-period production-consumption model in which the economy can be hit with health shocks in the form of pandemics in both periods. The government can choose to do nothing, invest in mitigation to attenuate the effects of a shock, shut down the economy, or choose to invest in mitigation and shut down the economy. Shutting down the economy leads to fewer expected deaths but also creates loss of economic output, with consequences for the economy's ability to invest in mitigation when hit with future health shocks. We derive conditions under which mitigation without a shutdown is the optimal policy choice and conditions under which mitigation with a shutdown is the optimal policy. We then introduce public health experts who advise the government on its policy response. We show that these experts' career concerns can induce a shutdown even when their private information indicates that not shutting down is Pareto superior. The public health experts' career concerns can thus induce a policy \"death trap\" and lead to the wrong choice. We also discuss why shutdowns may be more damaging in emerging markets than in developed countries.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75662664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic Medical Records (EMR) have the potential to reduce medical expenditures by increasing communication between healthcare providers and avoiding unnecessary tests and medical errors. Using a three-year panel of Medicaid spending (hospitalization costs) for long-term care patients in nursing homes, we analyze the effect of nursing home EMR adoption on out-of-home healthcare expenditures for their residents. We find a strong and persistent reduction of hospitalization costs when hospital and nursing homes both adopt EMR, a savings of about 13% of Medicaid expenditure on average for those patients (and as much as 35% for the subset of hospitals that are part of a hospital system). This is above the 3.5%-14% direct effect of nursing home adoption alone. Given the networked nature of healthcare delivery for long-term care patients or patients with chronic conditions, our findings underscore the importance of looking outside the adopting institution when accounting for health IT (HIT) value.
{"title":"Does EMR Adoption by Nursing Homes Decrease Hospitalization Costs?","authors":"Atiye Cansu Erol, L. Hitt, Prasanna Tambe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3725715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3725715","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Medical Records (EMR) have the potential to reduce medical expenditures by increasing communication between healthcare providers and avoiding unnecessary tests and medical errors. Using a three-year panel of Medicaid spending (hospitalization costs) for long-term care patients in nursing homes, we analyze the effect of nursing home EMR adoption on out-of-home healthcare expenditures for their residents. We find a strong and persistent reduction of hospitalization costs when hospital and nursing homes both adopt EMR, a savings of about 13% of Medicaid expenditure on average for those patients (and as much as 35% for the subset of hospitals that are part of a hospital system). This is above the 3.5%-14% direct effect of nursing home adoption alone. Given the networked nature of healthcare delivery for long-term care patients or patients with chronic conditions, our findings underscore the importance of looking outside the adopting institution when accounting for health IT (HIT) value.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80872209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper's aim is to contribute to the literature on elderly employment barriers by exploring the role of mental health relative to that of physical health, and the complementarity between the two. The paper uses European SHARE data. It considers the distinction between the extensive and the intensive margin of work (employment rate and hours) as well as wages/productivity. Results point at the limited role of mental health in determining employment (extensive margin) and hours (the extensive margin) in comparison to physical health. Also, men's employment or hours respond more to health problems, singularly mental ones. Another result is that ill health (be it physical or mental) has no impact on wages. Finally, results suggest moderate complementarity between mental health and physical ill health in degrading people's capacity to stay in paid employment.
{"title":"The Rather Limited Role of Mental Ill Health in Driving Work Beyond 50","authors":"V. Vandenberghe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3649437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3649437","url":null,"abstract":"This paper's aim is to contribute to the literature on elderly employment barriers by exploring the role of mental health relative to that of physical health, and the complementarity between the two. The paper uses European SHARE data. It considers the distinction between the extensive and the intensive margin of work (employment rate and hours) as well as wages/productivity. Results point at the limited role of mental health in determining employment (extensive margin) and hours (the extensive margin) in comparison to physical health. Also, men's employment or hours respond more to health problems, singularly mental ones. Another result is that ill health (be it physical or mental) has no impact on wages. Finally, results suggest moderate complementarity between mental health and physical ill health in degrading people's capacity to stay in paid employment.","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"461 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock market contagion. Empirical analysis is conducted on six major stock markets using a wavelet-copula GARCH approach to account for both the time and the frequency aspects of stock market correlation. We find strong evidence of contagion in the stock markets under consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic..
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Stock Market Contagion: A Wavelet-Copula GARCH Approach","authors":"H. Alqaralleh, A. Canepa, Emilio Zanetti Chini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3631067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3631067","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock market contagion. Empirical analysis is conducted on six major stock markets using a wavelet-copula GARCH approach to account for both the time and the frequency aspects of stock market correlation. We find strong evidence of contagion in the stock markets under consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic..","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86158045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Major crises, such as wars and pandemics, have often been the occasion for radical reconstruction of the welfare system. It is very likely that the COVID-19 pandemic will also do this because it will bring discontent with the existing system to a head and reveal ts weaknesses, particularly as regards its central element, Universal Credit. Major public debate has already begun. In that conversation, one idea that is bound to have a lot of support and has a "head start" is that of a Guaranteed Minimum Income, also known as Universal Basic Income. However, there are strong doubts or objections to that idea, from all parts of the spectrum, and several rival ideas. The debate cannot be a purely technical one because it touches upon fundamental questions, which have also been raised by the impact of the coronavirus: the place of the home and household, the importance and nature of work, and the role of civil society and voluntary action.
{"title":"C-19: Redefining the State of Welfare?","authors":"S. Davies","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851989","url":null,"abstract":"Major crises, such as wars and pandemics, have often been the occasion for radical reconstruction of the welfare system. It is very likely that the COVID-19 pandemic will also do this because it will bring discontent with the existing system to a head and reveal ts weaknesses, particularly as regards its central element, Universal Credit. Major public debate has already begun. In that conversation, one idea that is bound to have a lot of support and has a \"head start\" is that of a Guaranteed Minimum Income, also known as Universal Basic Income. However, there are strong doubts or objections to that idea, from all parts of the spectrum, and several rival ideas. The debate cannot be a purely technical one because it touches upon fundamental questions, which have also been raised by the impact of the coronavirus: the place of the home and household, the importance and nature of work, and the role of civil society and voluntary action.<br>","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79534296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Gour Gobinda Goswami, M. Nurunnabi, K. H. H. Rahman, Khaled Md. Shafiullah
The existing literature on COVID-19 has been dominated by medical sciences as well as epidemiological studies related to different public health reasons or dise
现有的关于COVID-19的文献以医学和与不同公共卫生原因或疾病相关的流行病学研究为主
{"title":"Causality and Dependence of COVID-19 Variables from Our World in Data","authors":"Dr. Gour Gobinda Goswami, M. Nurunnabi, K. H. H. Rahman, Khaled Md. Shafiullah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3610756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3610756","url":null,"abstract":"The existing literature on COVID-19 has been dominated by medical sciences as well as epidemiological studies related to different public health reasons or dise","PeriodicalId":13563,"journal":{"name":"Insurance & Financing in Health Economics eJournal","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74395413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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