Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2023.p0021
Gen Uchida, T. Yamada, Yutarou Iwasaki
Different grinding wheel surface conditions affect the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance during the grinding process. In addition, as the grinding wheel surface condition changes depending on the dressing conditions, the difference in the dressing conditions significantly affects the grinding characteristics. However, the dressing condition is affected by factors such as the dressing lead, depth of dressing cut, and tip shape of the dresser. Thus, optimum dressing conditions are difficult to achieve. Furthermore, even if the dressing is applied under the same dressing conditions, the grinding wheel surface condition will differ as the tip wear of the dresser progresses. There is a need for a method to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the dressing conditions, grinding wheel surface condition, and grinding characteristics while considering the difference in the tip shape of the dresser. Thus, the relationship between the tip shape of the dresser and dressing conditions was evaluated using the dressing overlap ratio. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dressing overlap ratios on the grinding wheel surface condition and grinding characteristics with different grain sizes. Consequently, even if the tip shape of the dresser changes, the effect of the different dressing conditions on the grinding wheel surface condition and grinding characteristics could be quantitatively determined using the dressing overlap ratio. Furthermore, the relationship between the calculated successive cutting-point spacing, area of active abrasive grains, and grinding characteristics could be quantitatively evaluated for grinding wheels with different grain sizes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Dressing Condition Based on Quantification of Grinding Wheel Surface Conditions","authors":"Gen Uchida, T. Yamada, Yutarou Iwasaki","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2023.p0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2023.p0021","url":null,"abstract":"Different grinding wheel surface conditions affect the ground surface roughness and grinding resistance during the grinding process. In addition, as the grinding wheel surface condition changes depending on the dressing conditions, the difference in the dressing conditions significantly affects the grinding characteristics. However, the dressing condition is affected by factors such as the dressing lead, depth of dressing cut, and tip shape of the dresser. Thus, optimum dressing conditions are difficult to achieve. Furthermore, even if the dressing is applied under the same dressing conditions, the grinding wheel surface condition will differ as the tip wear of the dresser progresses. There is a need for a method to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the dressing conditions, grinding wheel surface condition, and grinding characteristics while considering the difference in the tip shape of the dresser. Thus, the relationship between the tip shape of the dresser and dressing conditions was evaluated using the dressing overlap ratio. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dressing overlap ratios on the grinding wheel surface condition and grinding characteristics with different grain sizes. Consequently, even if the tip shape of the dresser changes, the effect of the different dressing conditions on the grinding wheel surface condition and grinding characteristics could be quantitatively determined using the dressing overlap ratio. Furthermore, the relationship between the calculated successive cutting-point spacing, area of active abrasive grains, and grinding characteristics could be quantitatively evaluated for grinding wheels with different grain sizes.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"106 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2023.p0071
Takashi Tanizaki, K. Yamada, Shigemasa Nakagawa, H. Katagiri
In manufacturing industries, customers demand a wide variety of products, with high quality and fast delivery. Production scheduling systems have become critical for efficient operation. However, scheduling problems in manufacturing are generally large and complex with many constraints. It is difficult to create an optimal production schedule that satisfies all constraints within a reasonable timeframe. This study targets a factory with multiple working machines and two overhead cranes. Our research aims to obtain a solution algorithm to avoid interference of overhead cranes and machine competition and a production plan that minimizes the total makespan for each job. As the problem must be solved within a reasonable timeframe, we have developed the solution algorithm using metaheuristics and scheduling simulation. In general, metaheuristic algorithms must strike a balance between an intensive search for good solutions and a search for diverse solutions. Accordingly, we propose a new algorithm using path relinking in a scatter search. This method was demonstrated to be effective in obtaining good solutions with little variation in numerical experiments. In this paper, we describe previous research, our target process, and new solution algorithm and discuss algorithm design methods based on computer experiments.
{"title":"Scheduling Algorithm Using Path Relinking for Production Process with Crane Interference","authors":"Takashi Tanizaki, K. Yamada, Shigemasa Nakagawa, H. Katagiri","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2023.p0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2023.p0071","url":null,"abstract":"In manufacturing industries, customers demand a wide variety of products, with high quality and fast delivery. Production scheduling systems have become critical for efficient operation. However, scheduling problems in manufacturing are generally large and complex with many constraints. It is difficult to create an optimal production schedule that satisfies all constraints within a reasonable timeframe. This study targets a factory with multiple working machines and two overhead cranes. Our research aims to obtain a solution algorithm to avoid interference of overhead cranes and machine competition and a production plan that minimizes the total makespan for each job. As the problem must be solved within a reasonable timeframe, we have developed the solution algorithm using metaheuristics and scheduling simulation. In general, metaheuristic algorithms must strike a balance between an intensive search for good solutions and a search for diverse solutions. Accordingly, we propose a new algorithm using path relinking in a scatter search. This method was demonstrated to be effective in obtaining good solutions with little variation in numerical experiments. In this paper, we describe previous research, our target process, and new solution algorithm and discuss algorithm design methods based on computer experiments.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"136 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76452487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0862
A. Goto, Junda Chen, Kosuke Shirai
Herein, a new milling method via an electrochemical reaction is proposed to realize the high-speed machining of sintered carbide. In this method, cobalt (Co) on the surface of the sintered carbide is eluted via an electrochemical reaction, and the sintered carbide weakened by the elution of Co is scraped off with an insulating cutting edge. Results show that the cutting resistance is significantly reduced by the electrochemical reaction. However, under the conditions of a previous machining experiment, the amount of removal was low, and the machining test was conducted within a range that did not reflect the high-speed machining of sintered carbide. In this study, the conditions required to realize the high-speed machining of sintered carbide using the abovementioned method are examined. To increase the speed of electrolysis, the facing area between the tool and workpiece must be increased, and the current used for electrolysis must be increased as well. It is shown that the electrolytic current can be increased by performing machining with a large depth of cut. Consequently, the machining speed can be increased compared with that for the case without electrolysis, although a few problems remain.
{"title":"Milling of Sintered Carbide via Electrochemical Reaction - Investigation of Machining Phenomena -","authors":"A. Goto, Junda Chen, Kosuke Shirai","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0862","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a new milling method via an electrochemical reaction is proposed to realize the high-speed machining of sintered carbide. In this method, cobalt (Co) on the surface of the sintered carbide is eluted via an electrochemical reaction, and the sintered carbide weakened by the elution of Co is scraped off with an insulating cutting edge. Results show that the cutting resistance is significantly reduced by the electrochemical reaction. However, under the conditions of a previous machining experiment, the amount of removal was low, and the machining test was conducted within a range that did not reflect the high-speed machining of sintered carbide. In this study, the conditions required to realize the high-speed machining of sintered carbide using the abovementioned method are examined. To increase the speed of electrolysis, the facing area between the tool and workpiece must be increased, and the current used for electrolysis must be increased as well. It is shown that the electrolytic current can be increased by performing machining with a large depth of cut. Consequently, the machining speed can be increased compared with that for the case without electrolysis, although a few problems remain.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"1 1","pages":"862-869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74064189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0831
M. Tan, M. S. Chiong, Yoon-Young Chun, K. Tsukahara, K. Tahara
There is a significant increase in plastic consumption with the growing economies of Asia, causing severe environmental issues as a large proportion of the plastic waste is not appropriately disposed due to the underdeveloped collection systems. The situation in Malaysia is particularly worrying as the total plastic waste increased by nearly 30% in 2018, becoming the second-highest of the entire household solid waste. This problem can be addressed by improving the plastic waste management system and increasing the plastic wastes recycling rate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the current situation of plastic waste generation. Malaysia’s waste management framework is a unique integration of the formal and informal sectors. The lack of uniformity has been the main challenge for the policy implementation in improving plastic waste management. From the plastic material flow analysis, only 41.4% of the plastic wastes were recycled in 2019. The most recycled plastic types in Malaysia are high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP), as they are easier to collect and have higher density. From the identified plastic recycling process flow, the main challenge is low recyclability. Most recyclables are usually contaminated with food waste or non-recyclable plastic, which hinders the sorting process. Informing the public how to recycle plastic waste properly can increase the effectiveness of recyclables collection as well as the sorting process.
{"title":"An Analysis of Practices and Challenges for Plastic Recycling Industry in Malaysia","authors":"M. Tan, M. S. Chiong, Yoon-Young Chun, K. Tsukahara, K. Tahara","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0831","url":null,"abstract":"There is a significant increase in plastic consumption with the growing economies of Asia, causing severe environmental issues as a large proportion of the plastic waste is not appropriately disposed due to the underdeveloped collection systems. The situation in Malaysia is particularly worrying as the total plastic waste increased by nearly 30% in 2018, becoming the second-highest of the entire household solid waste. This problem can be addressed by improving the plastic waste management system and increasing the plastic wastes recycling rate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the current situation of plastic waste generation. Malaysia’s waste management framework is a unique integration of the formal and informal sectors. The lack of uniformity has been the main challenge for the policy implementation in improving plastic waste management. From the plastic material flow analysis, only 41.4% of the plastic wastes were recycled in 2019. The most recycled plastic types in Malaysia are high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP), as they are easier to collect and have higher density. From the identified plastic recycling process flow, the main challenge is low recyclability. Most recyclables are usually contaminated with food waste or non-recyclable plastic, which hinders the sorting process. Informing the public how to recycle plastic waste properly can increase the effectiveness of recyclables collection as well as the sorting process.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"285 1","pages":"831-837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77438047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0795
Jui-Che Tu, Cheng-Hsueh Yang, Yu-Yin Chen
Over time, consumer awareness of environmental protection has grown. From big data in the Internet of things (IoT), green advertisement has indeed made a significant impact on consumers’ awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, this research studied the impact of the IoT and green advertisements on consumers’ behavior. An investigation was conducted based on focus group interviews, and the assumption was tested using statistical methods. The research results were as follows: 1) advertisement has a significant impact on consumer behavior; 2) consumers are willing to purchase advertised products that convey positive messages, regardless of their age, educational level, or average income level; 3) consumers with higher education levels have better environmental concepts; and 4) green advertisement has a significant impact on consumers’ environmental concepts and behaviors. In summary, the study found that green advertisement can improve consumers’ awareness of environmental protection and that consumers’ behavior can effectively influence the implementation of environmental protection.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of IoT and Green Advertising on Consumer Behavior","authors":"Jui-Che Tu, Cheng-Hsueh Yang, Yu-Yin Chen","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0795","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, consumer awareness of environmental protection has grown. From big data in the Internet of things (IoT), green advertisement has indeed made a significant impact on consumers’ awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, this research studied the impact of the IoT and green advertisements on consumers’ behavior. An investigation was conducted based on focus group interviews, and the assumption was tested using statistical methods. The research results were as follows: 1) advertisement has a significant impact on consumer behavior; 2) consumers are willing to purchase advertised products that convey positive messages, regardless of their age, educational level, or average income level; 3) consumers with higher education levels have better environmental concepts; and 4) green advertisement has a significant impact on consumers’ environmental concepts and behaviors. In summary, the study found that green advertisement can improve consumers’ awareness of environmental protection and that consumers’ behavior can effectively influence the implementation of environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"54 1","pages":"795-806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84505159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.136-108
Akio Hayashi, Okitoshi Shibata, Y. Morimoto
Chatter vibration is a major problem in machining. At present, chatter vibration is avoided by changing the cutting conditions based on the stability limit diagram such that chatter vibration does not occur. However, changing the cutting conditions may reduce the productivity. The stability limit is estimated from the relationship between the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and the cutting conditions. Therefore, we propose a method for avoiding chatter vibration by changing the machine tool rigidity. The dynamic characteristics of a desktop milling machine tool developed in a previous study can be changed by changing the tensile load of the brace bar attached on the frame. We report the transition of the dynamic characteristics and stability limit diagram with changes in the rigidity of the desktop machine tool, and confirm the presence or absence of chatter vibration through machining tests.
{"title":"Study on Method for Avoiding Chatter Vibration by Changing Machine Tool Rigidity","authors":"Akio Hayashi, Okitoshi Shibata, Y. Morimoto","doi":"10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.136-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2021.10.136-108","url":null,"abstract":"Chatter vibration is a major problem in machining. At present, chatter vibration is avoided by changing the cutting conditions based on the stability limit diagram such that chatter vibration does not occur. However, changing the cutting conditions may reduce the productivity. The stability limit is estimated from the relationship between the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and the cutting conditions. Therefore, we propose a method for avoiding chatter vibration by changing the machine tool rigidity. The dynamic characteristics of a desktop milling machine tool developed in a previous study can be changed by changing the tensile load of the brace bar attached on the frame. We report the transition of the dynamic characteristics and stability limit diagram with changes in the rigidity of the desktop machine tool, and confirm the presence or absence of chatter vibration through machining tests.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"108 1","pages":"853-861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78385542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0807
Ryosui Koga, H. Aoyama
In the wake of rapid advances in design and production technologies, differentiating products based on their quality has become a challenge. Against this backdrop, design has become an important factor in determining product value. Design is a creative activity influenced by the experience and sensitivity of designers, who are required to understand the preferences and needs of customers and reflect them in their designs. Accordingly, there is a need to efficiently determine customer preferences. Although it is possible to extract customers’ apparent preferences through interviews and questionnaires, these may be arbitrary. Additionally, to respond to the recent diversification of customer preferences, it is not enough to understand apparent preferences; latent preferences must also be extracted. However, they are vague and cannot be expressed in words by the customers. Unfortunately, a practical method for extracting latent preferences has not yet been developed. In this study, we propose a method for extracting latent customer preferences. We develop a system for recommending products that customers are likely to prefer from among existing products, and develop a system for creating original product designs that customers are expected to prefer. We experimentally verify the usefulness of this method.
{"title":"Extraction and Design of Favorite Products Through Analyzing Customer Latent Preferences","authors":"Ryosui Koga, H. Aoyama","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0807","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of rapid advances in design and production technologies, differentiating products based on their quality has become a challenge. Against this backdrop, design has become an important factor in determining product value. Design is a creative activity influenced by the experience and sensitivity of designers, who are required to understand the preferences and needs of customers and reflect them in their designs. Accordingly, there is a need to efficiently determine customer preferences. Although it is possible to extract customers’ apparent preferences through interviews and questionnaires, these may be arbitrary. Additionally, to respond to the recent diversification of customer preferences, it is not enough to understand apparent preferences; latent preferences must also be extracted. However, they are vague and cannot be expressed in words by the customers. Unfortunately, a practical method for extracting latent preferences has not yet been developed. In this study, we propose a method for extracting latent customer preferences. We develop a system for recommending products that customers are likely to prefer from among existing products, and develop a system for creating original product designs that customers are expected to prefer. We experimentally verify the usefulness of this method.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"16 1","pages":"807-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85033640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0704
Tomiya Kimura, T. Toma, M. Nakano
The tire industry has employed effective CO2 reduction measures in the form of retread tires, which replace only those components that are exposed to the road’s surface. Due to safety concerns, lack of manufacturing technology, high cost, and other issues, retread tires in passenger cars are currently unavailable in Japan. This study aims to analyze the production cost and environmental impacts of retread tires in passenger cars in Japan. This study considered investments in and economies of scale of retread tires, which have lower profit margins than new tires after safety and manufacturing technology issues have been resolved; this is done when the carbon tax is equal to that in the EU. This reserach further examined the proportion of retread tires and new tires that are produced. The primary goal of this study is to determine which ratio of retread vs. new tire production is feasible for an optimal business portfolio. If a carbon tax equivalent to that in the EU was introduced in Japan and each company offered retread tires for passenger cars, this setup would not be profitable and overall costs would need to be lowered. To achieve this cost-effectiveness, it is necessary to extend the life of the equipment and to lower the initial investment. Furthermore, by calculating the costs involved using realistic production expenses, a more realistic cost for the introduction of retread tires for passenger cars can be achieved.
{"title":"Analysis of Business Feasibility for Introduction of Retread Tires in Passenger Cars","authors":"Tomiya Kimura, T. Toma, M. Nakano","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0704","url":null,"abstract":"The tire industry has employed effective CO2 reduction measures in the form of retread tires, which replace only those components that are exposed to the road’s surface. Due to safety concerns, lack of manufacturing technology, high cost, and other issues, retread tires in passenger cars are currently unavailable in Japan. This study aims to analyze the production cost and environmental impacts of retread tires in passenger cars in Japan. This study considered investments in and economies of scale of retread tires, which have lower profit margins than new tires after safety and manufacturing technology issues have been resolved; this is done when the carbon tax is equal to that in the EU. This reserach further examined the proportion of retread tires and new tires that are produced. The primary goal of this study is to determine which ratio of retread vs. new tire production is feasible for an optimal business portfolio. If a carbon tax equivalent to that in the EU was introduced in Japan and each company offered retread tires for passenger cars, this setup would not be profitable and overall costs would need to be lowered. To achieve this cost-effectiveness, it is necessary to extend the life of the equipment and to lower the initial investment. Furthermore, by calculating the costs involved using realistic production expenses, a more realistic cost for the introduction of retread tires for passenger cars can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"34 1","pages":"704-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89113376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0727
Jundai Koketsu, A. Ishigaki, Hiromasa Ijuin, Tetsuo Yamada
Environmental issues and increasing global demand have led to calls for sustainable production and consumption. Products deemed insufficiently environmentally friendly are beginning to be removed from the market, and manufacturers must achieve social responsibility and economic benefits. However, in a conventional linear supply chain, an increase in sales volume directly leads to an increase in waste and resource consumption, resulting in a trade-off between the environment and the economy. Closed-loop supply chains resolve trade-offs, achieve corporate social responsibility, and enhance competitiveness. Closed-loop supply chains must recover used products with a high degree of uncertainty. Uncertainty in the quantity, quality, and timing of used products can cause serious problems such as the bullwhip effect in the dynamic behavior of the supply chain. This study aims to analyze the dynamic impact of used product uncertainty on a closed-loop supply chain and propose ways to deal with it. Products deteriorate with their use and eventually become worthless for recovery and remanufacturing. This study confirms that, even when there is no demand variability and lead time, the uncertainty of used products, especially qualitative uncertainty, causes large variability in the closed-loop supply chain. The results of the numerical example using the model proposed in this study show that the policy of limiting the quantity of remanufacturing can mitigate the variability. Furthermore, the appropriate limits vary depending on the characteristics of the product, such as its lifetime. This suggests the need to control the amount of remanufacturing for the sustainability of the closed-loop supply chain rather than remanufacturing as much as possible, to reduce environmental impact.
{"title":"Variability Specific to a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Product Deterioration","authors":"Jundai Koketsu, A. Ishigaki, Hiromasa Ijuin, Tetsuo Yamada","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0727","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issues and increasing global demand have led to calls for sustainable production and consumption. Products deemed insufficiently environmentally friendly are beginning to be removed from the market, and manufacturers must achieve social responsibility and economic benefits. However, in a conventional linear supply chain, an increase in sales volume directly leads to an increase in waste and resource consumption, resulting in a trade-off between the environment and the economy. Closed-loop supply chains resolve trade-offs, achieve corporate social responsibility, and enhance competitiveness. Closed-loop supply chains must recover used products with a high degree of uncertainty. Uncertainty in the quantity, quality, and timing of used products can cause serious problems such as the bullwhip effect in the dynamic behavior of the supply chain. This study aims to analyze the dynamic impact of used product uncertainty on a closed-loop supply chain and propose ways to deal with it. Products deteriorate with their use and eventually become worthless for recovery and remanufacturing. This study confirms that, even when there is no demand variability and lead time, the uncertainty of used products, especially qualitative uncertainty, causes large variability in the closed-loop supply chain. The results of the numerical example using the model proposed in this study show that the policy of limiting the quantity of remanufacturing can mitigate the variability. Furthermore, the appropriate limits vary depending on the characteristics of the product, such as its lifetime. This suggests the need to control the amount of remanufacturing for the sustainability of the closed-loop supply chain rather than remanufacturing as much as possible, to reduce environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"24 1","pages":"727-736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78671669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-05DOI: 10.20965/ijat.2022.p0696
Ana Galindo-Serrano, Mikko Samuli Vaija
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the internationally adopted tool to assess environmental footprint. However, as highlighted by Billstein et al. [3] and Arushanyan [4] carrying out an LCA for ICT equipment is a challenging task due, to the amount of data that should be collected to achieve accurate results. This paper describes how documents such as full materials declarations can be used to solve this issue. Furthermore, the circular economy concept is introduced by analyzing alternative business models and the ITU-T L.1023 on circular economy scoring. Even if LCA was considered as a criterion in the L.1023 the link is not always straightforward between these two methods. Hence, this paper investigates how LCA results can be linked to the L.1023 criteria and proposes new criteria, for instance on recycled metals content and modularity.
{"title":"Life Cycle Analysis of Material Efficiency Strategies for Network Goods","authors":"Ana Galindo-Serrano, Mikko Samuli Vaija","doi":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0696","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the internationally adopted tool to assess environmental footprint. However, as highlighted by Billstein et al. [3] and Arushanyan [4] carrying out an LCA for ICT equipment is a challenging task due, to the amount of data that should be collected to achieve accurate results. This paper describes how documents such as full materials declarations can be used to solve this issue. Furthermore, the circular economy concept is introduced by analyzing alternative business models and the ITU-T L.1023 on circular economy scoring. Even if LCA was considered as a criterion in the L.1023 the link is not always straightforward between these two methods. Hence, this paper investigates how LCA results can be linked to the L.1023 criteria and proposes new criteria, for instance on recycled metals content and modularity.","PeriodicalId":13583,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Autom. Technol.","volume":"99 1","pages":"696-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75175740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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