The characterization of the superficial topography of a thin film, obtained from an interferometer installed in our Optics Laboratory, is done using bi-dimensional images of its surface overlaid with interference fringes (interferogram1). These images differ among them only by a constant variation of the optical phase2. The total number of images to acquire depends on the image processing algorithm to apply; this algorithm allows to determine the value of the phase introduced by the surface form.
{"title":"Morphologic evaluation of thin films by algorithms of optical phase stepping applied to images obtained by interferential microscopy","authors":"V. Sarmiento, M. Asmad, J. I. Choque, G. Baldwin","doi":"10.1117/12.2025981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2025981","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of the superficial topography of a thin film, obtained from an interferometer installed in our Optics Laboratory, is done using bi-dimensional images of its surface overlaid with interference fringes (interferogram1). These images differ among them only by a constant variation of the optical phase2. The total number of images to acquire depends on the image processing algorithm to apply; this algorithm allows to determine the value of the phase introduced by the surface form.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121617376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Villalobos-Mendoza, F. Granados-Agustin, D. Aguirre-Aguirre, A. Cornejo-Rodriguez
This work arises based on the idea proposed by Millered et al. in 2004, where they show how to get in one shot interferograms with phase shift using a mask with micro-polarizers, in this work we pretend to obtain phase shift in localized areas of an interferogram using the properties of polarization and the pixelated configuration of a liquid crystal display (LCD) for testing optical surfaces. In this work we describes the process of characterization of a liquid crystal display CRL Opto and XGA2P01 model, which is introduced in one arm of a Twyman Green interferometer. Finally we show the experimental interferograms with phase shifts which are caused by different gray levels displayed in the LCD.
{"title":"Liquid crystal display for phase shifting","authors":"B. Villalobos-Mendoza, F. Granados-Agustin, D. Aguirre-Aguirre, A. Cornejo-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1117/12.2026442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026442","url":null,"abstract":"This work arises based on the idea proposed by Millered et al. in 2004, where they show how to get in one shot interferograms with phase shift using a mask with micro-polarizers, in this work we pretend to obtain phase shift in localized areas of an interferogram using the properties of polarization and the pixelated configuration of a liquid crystal display (LCD) for testing optical surfaces. In this work we describes the process of characterization of a liquid crystal display CRL Opto and XGA2P01 model, which is introduced in one arm of a Twyman Green interferometer. Finally we show the experimental interferograms with phase shifts which are caused by different gray levels displayed in the LCD.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121941443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Juarez-Salazar, C. Robledo-Sánchez, C. Meneses-Fabian, G. Rodríguez-Zurita, F. Guerrero-Sánchez, J. González-García
The fringe-pattern normalization method by parameter estimation is used to relieve the critical filter's requirements in the Fourier transform method for phase demodulation. By the normalization procedure, the zero order spectrum is suppressed allowing a straightforward filtering in the Fourier transform method. Thus, the filtering procedure is carried out by the simple half-plane filter. The benefits of this Fourier normalized-fringe analysis scheme are tested by both computer simulation and optical experiments.
{"title":"Straightforward filtering to phase demodulation by a Fourier normalized-fringe approach","authors":"R. Juarez-Salazar, C. Robledo-Sánchez, C. Meneses-Fabian, G. Rodríguez-Zurita, F. Guerrero-Sánchez, J. González-García","doi":"10.1117/12.2026108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026108","url":null,"abstract":"The fringe-pattern normalization method by parameter estimation is used to relieve the critical filter's requirements in the Fourier transform method for phase demodulation. By the normalization procedure, the zero order spectrum is suppressed allowing a straightforward filtering in the Fourier transform method. Thus, the filtering procedure is carried out by the simple half-plane filter. The benefits of this Fourier normalized-fringe analysis scheme are tested by both computer simulation and optical experiments.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121783871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Supe, G. Fernandes, N. Muga, A. Pinto, M. Ferreira
In this paper we present results from the study of optical signal regeneration using Mamyshev type regenerator. We have performed the simulations and experimental characterization of regenerator by obtaining it`s transfer function and output optical signal to noise ratio measurements for two different filters - fixed and a tunable optical filter. Investigated regenerator setup consists of a high power erbium doped fiber amplifier, highly nonlinear fiber and a single stage optical filtering. Signal used for regeneration was an on-off keying return to zero code 40 Gbps pulse sequence. To find out optimum filter pass-band shift from signal`s central wavelength the regenerator`s transfer function was measured. Results show that highest output signal to noise ratio improvement for the fixed filter is at 0.6nm shift and amplifier output power set to 63 mW. While the tunable filter shift is 0.7nm at the 100 mW power level.
{"title":"Pump and filtering optimization in Mamyshev regenerator","authors":"A. Supe, G. Fernandes, N. Muga, A. Pinto, M. Ferreira","doi":"10.1117/12.2026288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026288","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present results from the study of optical signal regeneration using Mamyshev type regenerator. We have performed the simulations and experimental characterization of regenerator by obtaining it`s transfer function and output optical signal to noise ratio measurements for two different filters - fixed and a tunable optical filter. Investigated regenerator setup consists of a high power erbium doped fiber amplifier, highly nonlinear fiber and a single stage optical filtering. Signal used for regeneration was an on-off keying return to zero code 40 Gbps pulse sequence. To find out optimum filter pass-band shift from signal`s central wavelength the regenerator`s transfer function was measured. Results show that highest output signal to noise ratio improvement for the fixed filter is at 0.6nm shift and amplifier output power set to 63 mW. While the tunable filter shift is 0.7nm at the 100 mW power level.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124793479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Becker, M. Werner, O. Fitzau, D. Esser, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, A. Lorenz, A. Schwuchow, M. Rothhardt, D. Hoffmann, H. Bartelt
We present a laser drilling technology eminently suitable for structuring of solid glass preforms for microstructured optical fibers (MOF). This technology allows fiber designs that can not be easily adressed by stack and draw technology. As an example, we present a four ring hexagonal hole structure drilled in a silica rod over a length of 80 mm at ILT. The fiber drawn from this preform was used for absorption measurements and fiber Bragg grating inscription experiments at IPHT. Geometrical aspects are compared to those of a MOF with a similar structure made by the stack and draw technology.
{"title":"Laser processed preforms for microstructured optical fibers","authors":"M. Becker, M. Werner, O. Fitzau, D. Esser, J. Kobelke, K. Schuster, A. Lorenz, A. Schwuchow, M. Rothhardt, D. Hoffmann, H. Bartelt","doi":"10.1117/12.2023223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2023223","url":null,"abstract":"We present a laser drilling technology eminently suitable for structuring of solid glass preforms for microstructured optical fibers (MOF). This technology allows fiber designs that can not be easily adressed by stack and draw technology. As an example, we present a four ring hexagonal hole structure drilled in a silica rod over a length of 80 mm at ILT. The fiber drawn from this preform was used for absorption measurements and fiber Bragg grating inscription experiments at IPHT. Geometrical aspects are compared to those of a MOF with a similar structure made by the stack and draw technology.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123258429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the development of an installation for proves for characterization by fluorescence of micrometer and nanometer particles supported on the trapping and manipulation by optical trapping technique (optical tweezers). The system features an laser operating at 480 nm, CCD camera for image acquisition, Thor Labs micrometric table X, Y, Z for the movement of the sample and the trap in the visual field. The design includes the use of intensity modulated optical trap, with the option of being used in pulsed, opening up possibilities for the use of resonant phenomena optomechanical type for particle capture.
本文介绍了一种基于光学捕获技术(光镊)捕获和操纵的微米和纳米粒子荧光表征验证装置的开发。该系统的特点是一个工作在480nm的激光器，用于图像采集的CCD相机，Thor Labs的X, Y, Z测微台用于样品的运动和视野中的陷阱。该设计包括使用强度调制光阱，可选择用于脉冲，为使用共振现象光机械类型进行粒子捕获开辟了可能性。
{"title":"Fluorescence support in optical tweezers","authors":"J. G. Animas, M. Arronte, T. Flores, L. Ponce","doi":"10.1117/12.2016447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016447","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of an installation for proves for characterization by fluorescence of micrometer and nanometer particles supported on the trapping and manipulation by optical trapping technique (optical tweezers). The system features an laser operating at 480 nm, CCD camera for image acquisition, Thor Labs micrometric table X, Y, Z for the movement of the sample and the trap in the visual field. The design includes the use of intensity modulated optical trap, with the option of being used in pulsed, opening up possibilities for the use of resonant phenomena optomechanical type for particle capture.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many models and methods commonly used in colorimetry have been incorporated to the study and knowledge of the colorimetric properties in the reflection color holograms; these methods have reported the possibilities of color reproduction in holograms. One method is based in calculating the color differences between the CIE-L*a*b* coordinates of the original object compared to the same values obtained for the reconstructed hologram; these values are calculated through the measurement of the spectral composition of the light in the reproduced hologram which are made with spectrometers. Other methods are based in the use of cameras for the color measurement, although, they are not commonly used for that ending in holography. This work presents the results of a comparative study between the use of spectrometers and RGB digital cameras for the color measurement in holograms. The diffraction efficiency of the holograms for a GretagMacbeth Colorchecker samples is measured through a spectrometer and their CIE-L*a*b* coordinates are calculated; the color differences are also calculated by taking as theoretical values the coordinates of the original object. A similar procedure is made by capturing the reconstructed images of the hologram through a CMOSRGB camera, which requires a linearizing and characterizing procedure. The RGB coordinates of the original object are compared with the RGB coordinates of the reproduced hologram too.
{"title":"Evaluation between methods for the color measurement in holograms by using a CMOS-RGB camera and a spectrometer","authors":"Natalith Palacios-Ortega, Daniel Velásquez Prieto","doi":"10.1117/12.2027569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2027569","url":null,"abstract":"Many models and methods commonly used in colorimetry have been incorporated to the study and knowledge of the colorimetric properties in the reflection color holograms; these methods have reported the possibilities of color reproduction in holograms. One method is based in calculating the color differences between the CIE-L*a*b* coordinates of the original object compared to the same values obtained for the reconstructed hologram; these values are calculated through the measurement of the spectral composition of the light in the reproduced hologram which are made with spectrometers. Other methods are based in the use of cameras for the color measurement, although, they are not commonly used for that ending in holography. This work presents the results of a comparative study between the use of spectrometers and RGB digital cameras for the color measurement in holograms. The diffraction efficiency of the holograms for a GretagMacbeth Colorchecker samples is measured through a spectrometer and their CIE-L*a*b* coordinates are calculated; the color differences are also calculated by taking as theoretical values the coordinates of the original object. A similar procedure is made by capturing the reconstructed images of the hologram through a CMOSRGB camera, which requires a linearizing and characterizing procedure. The RGB coordinates of the original object are compared with the RGB coordinates of the reproduced hologram too.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131677039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. H. Cerecedo-Núñez, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, P. Padilla-Sosa, M. Basurto-Pensado, M. May-Alarcon, R. Ramos-García, L. Beltrán-Parrazal
An optical fiber trap operates by radiation pressure and transverse force gradient while conventional optical trap operates on longitudinal gradient to trap particles. This subtle difference translates into easy setup and many advantages over conventional single-beam optical tweezers. In this work, we present a brief review of the current situation of fiber optic trap and their applications. Subsequently, we discuss the effect of radiation pressure on micro-organic and inorganic particles. Using a single optical fiber, radiation pressure transfers movement to the micro-particles, so velocity and acceleration are quantified. After that, micro particles are trapped, but now using two optical fibers. Finally, we discuss the results and problems involved with this research.
{"title":"Optical fiber trap: radiation pressure effect on inorganic and organic micro-particles","authors":"H. H. Cerecedo-Núñez, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, P. Padilla-Sosa, M. Basurto-Pensado, M. May-Alarcon, R. Ramos-García, L. Beltrán-Parrazal","doi":"10.1117/12.2026435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026435","url":null,"abstract":"An optical fiber trap operates by radiation pressure and transverse force gradient while conventional optical trap operates on longitudinal gradient to trap particles. This subtle difference translates into easy setup and many advantages over conventional single-beam optical tweezers. In this work, we present a brief review of the current situation of fiber optic trap and their applications. Subsequently, we discuss the effect of radiation pressure on micro-organic and inorganic particles. Using a single optical fiber, radiation pressure transfers movement to the micro-particles, so velocity and acceleration are quantified. After that, micro particles are trapped, but now using two optical fibers. Finally, we discuss the results and problems involved with this research.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122309333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Balbuena Ortega, M. L. Arroyo Carrasco, V. L. Gayou, A. Orduña Díaz, R. Delgado Macuil, M. Rojas López
Nonlinear optical and electronic properties of nanosized metal particles have drawn considerable attention because of their strong and size-dependent plasmon resonance absorption. In a metal nanoparticle system such as gold dispersed in a transparent matrix, an absorption peak due to surface plasmon resonance is usually observed in the visible spectral region. Metal nanoparticles are of special interest as nonlinear materials for optical switching and computing because of their relatively large third-order nonlinearity (χ3) and ultrafast response time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nonlinear optical properties of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles. The samples were prepared by biosynthesis method using yeast extract as reducing agent and the nonlinear optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using a single beam Z-scan technique with a beam power of 20 mW and operated at wavelength of 514 nm. The reaction between metal ions and yeast extracts were monitored by UV–visible spectra of Au nanoparticles in aqueous solution with different pH (3-6). The surface plasmon peak position was shifted from 528 nm to 573 nm, according to of pH variation 4 to 6. The average particle size was calculated by the absorption peak position using the Fernig method, from 42 to 103 nm. The z-scan curves showed a negative nonlocal nonlinear refractive index with a magnitude dependent on the nanoparticle size.
{"title":"The optical nonlinearity of gold nanoparticles prepared by bioreduction method","authors":"A. Balbuena Ortega, M. L. Arroyo Carrasco, V. L. Gayou, A. Orduña Díaz, R. Delgado Macuil, M. Rojas López","doi":"10.1117/12.2026459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026459","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical and electronic properties of nanosized metal particles have drawn considerable attention because of their strong and size-dependent plasmon resonance absorption. In a metal nanoparticle system such as gold dispersed in a transparent matrix, an absorption peak due to surface plasmon resonance is usually observed in the visible spectral region. Metal nanoparticles are of special interest as nonlinear materials for optical switching and computing because of their relatively large third-order nonlinearity (χ3) and ultrafast response time. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nonlinear optical properties of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles. The samples were prepared by biosynthesis method using yeast extract as reducing agent and the nonlinear optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using a single beam Z-scan technique with a beam power of 20 mW and operated at wavelength of 514 nm. The reaction between metal ions and yeast extracts were monitored by UV–visible spectra of Au nanoparticles in aqueous solution with different pH (3-6). The surface plasmon peak position was shifted from 528 nm to 573 nm, according to of pH variation 4 to 6. The average particle size was calculated by the absorption peak position using the Fernig method, from 42 to 103 nm. The z-scan curves showed a negative nonlocal nonlinear refractive index with a magnitude dependent on the nanoparticle size.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123111597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Outumuro, J. L. Valencia, J. Diz-Bugarin, I. Estevez-Caride, J. Blanco, B. Dorrio
The experimental setup developed to stabilize a red diode laser using a mode-locking technique with a reference gas cell is presented. This system has an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) in a Littrow configuration and is used to calibrate gauge blocks. The electronic controller limits the bandwidth of the laser and does not allow the setup to establish the wavelength of the tuned iodine transition, which is needed to calculate the gauge block values. To solve this limitation, we have set up a laser wavemeter based on a two-beam scanning Michelson interferometer. The unknown wavelength is determined from the ratio of the number of fringes obtained by the He-Ne reference laser and our ECDL. This technique measures the laser wavelength with an accuracy of 1ppm. As the resolution of the system is influenced by the optical path length, the stability of the reference laser and the phase ratio of both lasers, an electronic Vernier counter is used to improve the accuracy of these values below 1ppm. The uncertainty evaluation is also presented.
{"title":"Stabilization and calibration of an ECDL system with a Michelson interferometer","authors":"I. Outumuro, J. L. Valencia, J. Diz-Bugarin, I. Estevez-Caride, J. Blanco, B. Dorrio","doi":"10.1117/12.2026295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2026295","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental setup developed to stabilize a red diode laser using a mode-locking technique with a reference gas cell is presented. This system has an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) in a Littrow configuration and is used to calibrate gauge blocks. The electronic controller limits the bandwidth of the laser and does not allow the setup to establish the wavelength of the tuned iodine transition, which is needed to calculate the gauge block values. To solve this limitation, we have set up a laser wavemeter based on a two-beam scanning Michelson interferometer. The unknown wavelength is determined from the ratio of the number of fringes obtained by the He-Ne reference laser and our ECDL. This technique measures the laser wavelength with an accuracy of 1ppm. As the resolution of the system is influenced by the optical path length, the stability of the reference laser and the phase ratio of both lasers, an electronic Vernier counter is used to improve the accuracy of these values below 1ppm. The uncertainty evaluation is also presented.","PeriodicalId":135913,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerican Meeting of Optics and the Latin American Meeting of Optics, Lasers and Their Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129533153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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