Today‚ businesses are operating in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. They are continuously challenged by the need to increase value chain efficiency‚ reduce operating costs‚ improve organizational processes‚ and consolidate business relationships with supply chain partners. To attain these multiple goals the integration of new technologies into the business value chain is a critical factor for ensuring competitiveness and strengthening the market position. In this regard‚ block-chain technology gains special attention from both industry and academia. Beyond its first use in cryptocurrencies‚ block-chain technology proves to be a workable solution for a multiplicity of supply chain application areas and responds to several emerging business needs. In this paper‚ we set out to provide comprehensive insight into the potentialities of block-chain technology by unifying its value-creating abilities in the well-known Porter’s value chain framework. Through the lens of the framework it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of how this technological phenomenon disrupts the value chain and reshapes existing business practices.
{"title":"The Impact of Blockchain on the Value Chain","authors":"Abderahman Rejeb, Rejeb - Karim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3646347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3646347","url":null,"abstract":"Today‚ businesses are operating in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. They are continuously challenged by the need to increase value chain efficiency‚ reduce operating costs‚ improve organizational processes‚ and consolidate business relationships with supply chain partners. To attain these multiple goals the integration of new technologies into the business value chain is a critical factor for ensuring competitiveness and strengthening the market position. In this regard‚ block-chain technology gains special attention from both industry and academia. Beyond its first use in cryptocurrencies‚ block-chain technology proves to be a workable solution for a multiplicity of supply chain application areas and responds to several emerging business needs. In this paper‚ we set out to provide comprehensive insight into the potentialities of block-chain technology by unifying its value-creating abilities in the well-known Porter’s value chain framework. Through the lens of the framework it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of how this technological phenomenon disrupts the value chain and reshapes existing business practices.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84883171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Permissionless blockchains require a protocol to generate consensus. Many prominent permissionless blockchains employ Proof-of-Work (PoW) for that purpose, but PoW possesses significant shortcomings. Various alternatives have been proposed. This paper provides the first formal economic model of the most famous alternative, Proof-of-Stake (PoS), and establishes conditions under which PoS generates consensus. A sufficiently modest reward schedule not only implies the existence of an equilibrium in which consensus obtains as soon as possible but also precludes a persistent forking equilibrium. The latter result arises because PoS, unlike PoW, requires that validators are also stakeholders.
{"title":"Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake","authors":"Fahad Saleh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3183935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3183935","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Permissionless blockchains require a protocol to generate consensus. Many prominent permissionless blockchains employ Proof-of-Work (PoW) for that purpose, but PoW possesses significant shortcomings. Various alternatives have been proposed. This paper provides the first formal economic model of the most famous alternative, Proof-of-Stake (PoS), and establishes conditions under which PoS generates consensus. A sufficiently modest reward schedule not only implies the existence of an equilibrium in which consensus obtains as soon as possible but also precludes a persistent forking equilibrium. The latter result arises because PoS, unlike PoW, requires that validators are also stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83153381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain is an emerging technology perceived as ground-breaking. Yet, technology service providers are not realising the untapped market potential as quick as it was predicted. New Zealand is not any different. Currently, the number of blockchain-based solutions available in the country is rather limited. A clear understanding of the market of blockchain is critical for service providers to recognise the opportunities and the challenges. It has been suggested that multiple industries could utilise blockchain technology to attain numerous benefits. The primary industries of New Zealand will be one of them that remains underexplored. Therefore, in this study, we use total addressable market (TAM), a technique to estimate the market size, to explore the available economic opportunity of blockchain-based solutions in New Zealand’s primary industries. Our estimation suggests that it may be close to NZ$1.65 billion per year, including self-employed enterprises; or NZ$496 million per year, excluding self-employed enterprises. Besides, our review of secondary sources indicates that blockchain technology could tackle some of the challenges the primary industries are facing like food fraud and foodborne illness. However, lack of strong and practical use cases, lack of streamlined practice for data management, lack of understanding of the technology and its implication to business, and lack of regulation and legislation are the major impediments to blockchain adoption.
{"title":"Can Blockchain Fly the Silver Fern? Exploring the Opportunity in New Zealand’s Primary Industries","authors":"M. Hasan, Johnny Chan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641382","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is an emerging technology perceived as ground-breaking. Yet, technology service providers are not realising the untapped market potential as quick as it was predicted. New Zealand is not any different. Currently, the number of blockchain-based solutions available in the country is rather limited. A clear understanding of the market of blockchain is critical for service providers to recognise the opportunities and the challenges. It has been suggested that multiple industries could utilise blockchain technology to attain numerous benefits. The primary industries of New Zealand will be one of them that remains underexplored. Therefore, in this study, we use total addressable market (TAM), a technique to estimate the market size, to explore the available economic opportunity of blockchain-based solutions in New Zealand’s primary industries. Our estimation suggests that it may be close to NZ$1.65 billion per year, including self-employed enterprises; or NZ$496 million per year, excluding self-employed enterprises. Besides, our review of secondary sources indicates that blockchain technology could tackle some of the challenges the primary industries are facing like food fraud and foodborne illness. However, lack of strong and practical use cases, lack of streamlined practice for data management, lack of understanding of the technology and its implication to business, and lack of regulation and legislation are the major impediments to blockchain adoption.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80120295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Dela Peña, Khey Araña, Glendell Jadraque, Romel Sanchez, Jaymar DELA CRUZ, Jared Nalaza
Due to its consumer and price-friendly products, general commodities are still among the leading producers in customers buying products in bulk for their small retail stores. The daily operation includes non-stop activities of the store, such as; transactions of large-volume products, customers requesting more discounts, and the price may not be the same as what the shelves are displaying. Employees also play an essential role in running the store. This factor is why their daily time record is monitored well to save administrative costs.
To construct a better relationship between customers, the researchers consider an integrative system of Customer Relationship Management System (CRM), automates the stores' price checking capabilities, and automates the store's daily time record.
{"title":"Information Systems Development Plan for 5h General Merchandise","authors":"Rafael Dela Peña, Khey Araña, Glendell Jadraque, Romel Sanchez, Jaymar DELA CRUZ, Jared Nalaza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3638768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3638768","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its consumer and price-friendly products, general commodities are still among the leading producers in customers buying products in bulk for their small retail stores. The daily operation includes non-stop activities of the store, such as; transactions of large-volume products, customers requesting more discounts, and the price may not be the same as what the shelves are displaying. Employees also play an essential role in running the store. This factor is why their daily time record is monitored well to save administrative costs.<br><br>To construct a better relationship between customers, the researchers consider an integrative system of Customer Relationship Management System (CRM), automates the stores' price checking capabilities, and automates the store's daily time record. <br>","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87488920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2020.206031
M. Yevdokymenko
The object of research is the routing processes and ensuring the quality of experience in the infocommunication network. To conduct research an improvement of the adaptive routing tensor model in an infocommunication network with quality of experience by the R-factor is proposed. The basis was a floe-based routing model that took into account possible packet losses caused by congestion of network elements and was represented by the conditions for implementing a multipath routing strategy, conditions of the flow conservation and conditions for preventing overload of communication links. To obtain in an analytical form the conditions for ensuring the quality of experience in terms of the R-factor, a tensor description of the infocommunication network is carried out. This allowed obtaining of analytical expressions for calculating the average end-to-end delay and the probability of packet loss, which were used to formulate the QoE conditions in terms of the R-factor.
In the framework of the proposed model, solving the technological problem of adaptive routing solutions are reduced to solving the optimization problem of nonlinear programming for calculating route variables. The introduced optimality criterion allowed it possible to ensure the adaptive nature of route decisions, when an increase in QoE requirements led to an increase in the amount of network resource used. To solve the problem, methods of mathematical programming were used, which are implemented in the MatLab package.
A study on a fragment of the infocommunication network made it possible to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Using the obtained research results, it was possible to ensure the fulfillment of the specified QoE requirements in terms of the R-factor for the services provided to end users. Using the proposed model is characterized by high efficiency on load balancing across multiple routes in the infocommunication network. This was evidenced by the fact that at a given value of the R-factor, with an increase in the intensity of traffic entering the infocommunication network, there was a gradual increase in the number of routes involved. In other words, the network resource was distributed evenly and efficiently by 7–10 % relative to known analogues, which, when solving the same problem, immediately use all possible routes.
{"title":"Enhancement of the Adaptive Routing Tensor Model in the Info-communication Network With Providing Quality of Experience by the R-Factor","authors":"M. Yevdokymenko","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.206031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.206031","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the routing processes and ensuring the quality of experience in the infocommunication network. To conduct research an improvement of the adaptive routing tensor model in an infocommunication network with quality of experience by the R-factor is proposed. The basis was a floe-based routing model that took into account possible packet losses caused by congestion of network elements and was represented by the conditions for implementing a multipath routing strategy, conditions of the flow conservation and conditions for preventing overload of communication links. To obtain in an analytical form the conditions for ensuring the quality of experience in terms of the R-factor, a tensor description of the infocommunication network is carried out. This allowed obtaining of analytical expressions for calculating the average end-to-end delay and the probability of packet loss, which were used to formulate the QoE conditions in terms of the R-factor.<br><br>In the framework of the proposed model, solving the technological problem of adaptive routing solutions are reduced to solving the optimization problem of nonlinear programming for calculating route variables. The introduced optimality criterion allowed it possible to ensure the adaptive nature of route decisions, when an increase in QoE requirements led to an increase in the amount of network resource used. To solve the problem, methods of mathematical programming were used, which are implemented in the MatLab package.<br><br>A study on a fragment of the infocommunication network made it possible to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Using the obtained research results, it was possible to ensure the fulfillment of the specified QoE requirements in terms of the R-factor for the services provided to end users. Using the proposed model is characterized by high efficiency on load balancing across multiple routes in the infocommunication network. This was evidenced by the fact that at a given value of the R-factor, with an increase in the intensity of traffic entering the infocommunication network, there was a gradual increase in the number of routes involved. In other words, the network resource was distributed evenly and efficiently by 7–10 % relative to known analogues, which, when solving the same problem, immediately use all possible routes.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75135233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203330
A. Siasiev, Andrii Dreus, S. Horbonos, Irina G. Balanenko, S. Dziuba
This paper reports a solution to the problem of determining the motion law of the crystallization front and the thermomechanical state of a two-phase rod for the case of mutual influence of the temperature and mechanical fields. An approximate analytical method has been used to solve the problem, combined with the method of successive intervals and a Gibbs variation principle. This method should indicate what is "more beneficial" to nature under the assigned external influences ‒ to change the temperature of the fixed element of a body or to transfer this element from one aggregate state to another. It is this approach that has made it possible, through the defined motion law of an interphase boundary, to take into consideration the effect of temperature on the tense-deformed state in the body, and vice versa. The ratios have been obtained to define the motion law of an interphase boundary, the temperature field, and the tense-deformed state in the rod. The results are shown in the form of charts of temperature and stress dependence on time and a coordinate. An analysis of the results shows that changes in the conditions of heat exchange with the environment and geometric dimensions exert a decisive influence on the crystallization process, and, consequently, on temperature and mechanical fields. The principal result is the constructed approximate analytical method and an algorithm for solving the problem on thermoviscoelasticity for growing bodies (bodies with a moving boundary) in the presence of a phase transition considering the heat exchange with the environment. Based on the method developed, the motion law of an interphase boundary, a temperature field, and the tense-deformed state are determined while solving the so-called quasi-related problem of thermoviscoelasticity. An approximate analytical solution has been obtained, which could be used by research and design organizations in modeling various technological processes in machine building, metallurgy, rocket and space technology, and construction
{"title":"The Stressed-Strained State of a Rod at Crystallization Considering the Mutual Influence of Temperature and Mechanical Fields","authors":"A. Siasiev, Andrii Dreus, S. Horbonos, Irina G. Balanenko, S. Dziuba","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a solution to the problem of determining the motion law of the crystallization front and the thermomechanical state of a two-phase rod for the case of mutual influence of the temperature and mechanical fields. An approximate analytical method has been used to solve the problem, combined with the method of successive intervals and a Gibbs variation principle. This method should indicate what is \"more beneficial\" to nature under the assigned external influences ‒ to change the temperature of the fixed element of a body or to transfer this element from one aggregate state to another. It is this approach that has made it possible, through the defined motion law of an interphase boundary, to take into consideration the effect of temperature on the tense-deformed state in the body, and vice versa. The ratios have been obtained to define the motion law of an interphase boundary, the temperature field, and the tense-deformed state in the rod. The results are shown in the form of charts of temperature and stress dependence on time and a coordinate. An analysis of the results shows that changes in the conditions of heat exchange with the environment and geometric dimensions exert a decisive influence on the crystallization process, and, consequently, on temperature and mechanical fields. The principal result is the constructed approximate analytical method and an algorithm for solving the problem on thermoviscoelasticity for growing bodies (bodies with a moving boundary) in the presence of a phase transition considering the heat exchange with the environment. Based on the method developed, the motion law of an interphase boundary, a temperature field, and the tense-deformed state are determined while solving the so-called quasi-related problem of thermoviscoelasticity. An approximate analytical solution has been obtained, which could be used by research and design organizations in modeling various technological processes in machine building, metallurgy, rocket and space technology, and construction","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81063560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Martínez-de-Albéniz, Catarina Pinto, P. Amorim
Problem definition: Marketplace platforms such as Amazon or Farfetch provide a convenient meeting point between customers and suppliers and have become an important element of e-commerce. This sales channel is particularly interesting for suppliers that sell seasonal goods under a tight time frame because they provide expanded reach to potential customers even though it entails lower margins. In this dyadic relationship, a supplier needs to optimize when to share inventory with the platform, and the platform needs to set the right commission structure during the season. Academic/practical relevance: We characterize supplier participation into the platform in a dynamic setting and link it to inventory levels, demand rates, time left in the season, and commission structure. This directly drives the commission structure decision made by the platform. We, thus, provide a framework to evaluate platform commission fee policies, taking into account supplier responses. Methodology: We use an optimal control framework with limited inventory supply and a stochastic demand process. We study the conditions under which the supplier accepts participation and use the platform as a sales channel. We also study the optimal commission structure that the platform should employ and the supplier procurement response. Results: We find that suppliers only participate if inventory is high relative to the time left to sell the items. As a result, the platform can only offer limited supply at the beginning of the season. Given this behavior, we find that the platform and the system are always better off with flexible pricing via fully dynamic commissions, which hurts the supplier the most (better off with less flexible commission fees). Interestingly, when the inventory decision is contingent on the platform pricing policy, the platform often finds it beneficial to commit to a static fee to incentivize the supplier to stock up, highlighting that inability to commit to fixed commissions may destroy value through double marginalization effects. Managerial implications: Our work suggests that short-term profit for the platform is maximized with fully dynamic commission fees at the expense of supplier profit. If inventory is endogenous, suppliers can retaliate by reducing their commitment at the start of the season. Despite the increased revenue obtained with the fully dynamic commission fee, the lost sales from the inventory drop incentivize the platform to opt for supplier-friendly commission fees, which are better for long-term profit.
{"title":"Driving Supply to Marketplaces: Optimal Platform Pricing when Suppliers Share Inventory","authors":"Víctor Martínez-de-Albéniz, Catarina Pinto, P. Amorim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3643261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3643261","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Marketplace platforms such as Amazon or Farfetch provide a convenient meeting point between customers and suppliers and have become an important element of e-commerce. This sales channel is particularly interesting for suppliers that sell seasonal goods under a tight time frame because they provide expanded reach to potential customers even though it entails lower margins. In this dyadic relationship, a supplier needs to optimize when to share inventory with the platform, and the platform needs to set the right commission structure during the season. Academic/practical relevance: We characterize supplier participation into the platform in a dynamic setting and link it to inventory levels, demand rates, time left in the season, and commission structure. This directly drives the commission structure decision made by the platform. We, thus, provide a framework to evaluate platform commission fee policies, taking into account supplier responses. Methodology: We use an optimal control framework with limited inventory supply and a stochastic demand process. We study the conditions under which the supplier accepts participation and use the platform as a sales channel. We also study the optimal commission structure that the platform should employ and the supplier procurement response. Results: We find that suppliers only participate if inventory is high relative to the time left to sell the items. As a result, the platform can only offer limited supply at the beginning of the season. Given this behavior, we find that the platform and the system are always better off with flexible pricing via fully dynamic commissions, which hurts the supplier the most (better off with less flexible commission fees). Interestingly, when the inventory decision is contingent on the platform pricing policy, the platform often finds it beneficial to commit to a static fee to incentivize the supplier to stock up, highlighting that inability to commit to fixed commissions may destroy value through double marginalization effects. Managerial implications: Our work suggests that short-term profit for the platform is maximized with fully dynamic commission fees at the expense of supplier profit. If inventory is endogenous, suppliers can retaliate by reducing their commitment at the start of the season. Despite the increased revenue obtained with the fully dynamic commission fee, the lost sales from the inventory drop incentivize the platform to opt for supplier-friendly commission fees, which are better for long-term profit.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72897187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russel Abreo, Briclad Dsouza, H. Patil, Ditty Varghese, Amiyakumar Tripathy
In metro cities there is a presence of a huge rush at shopping malls on holidays and weekends. This increases even more when huge offers and discounts are present. People buy a variety of items and place them in the trolley. The traditional approach that is used for billing which involves people standing in a queue and scanning each item of every customer with the help of a barcode scanner is time consuming. Every item has to be brought in the line of sight of the barcode scanner. There are times when the cashier has to enter the barcode number manually due to an error in scanning. Following such an approach results in long queues at the billing counters which discomforts the customers. This work presents an idea to develop a system in shopping malls to overcome the above problem. In order to achieve this ,we have implemented an application that assists every customer and a server side website to assist the retailers. This approach will benefit each and every individual especially the disabled and senior citizens. By using this approach, a lot of time and man power can be saved.
{"title":"Smart Shopping System with Android Application and Integrated Billing","authors":"Russel Abreo, Briclad Dsouza, H. Patil, Ditty Varghese, Amiyakumar Tripathy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3683282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683282","url":null,"abstract":"In metro cities there is a presence of a huge rush at shopping malls on holidays and weekends. This increases even more when huge offers and discounts are present. People buy a variety of items and place them in the trolley. The traditional approach that is used for billing which involves people standing in a queue and scanning each item of every customer with the help of a barcode scanner is time consuming. Every item has to be brought in the line of sight of the barcode scanner. There are times when the cashier has to enter the barcode number manually due to an error in scanning. Following such an approach results in long queues at the billing counters which discomforts the customers. This work presents an idea to develop a system in shopping malls to overcome the above problem. In order to achieve this ,we have implemented an application that assists every customer and a server side website to assist the retailers. This approach will benefit each and every individual especially the disabled and senior citizens. By using this approach, a lot of time and man power can be saved.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78065044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital competence plays crucial role in 21st century with the result of new importance given to the overall digital transformation processes as well as domains. Besides technological innovation, several domains such as traditional workplaces or change of the leadership role may be touched significantly. Besides the examination of the forthcoming challenges facing digital competence strategies, there may be a critical analysis applied into Germany’s overall digital capabilities and the transformations readiness to evaluate their future-proofness. By following the Big Data approach, irrational relationships may be disclosed to ensure a generic strength and weakness analysis of Germany in the global competition. Germany has to maintain its innovative strength as never before. Moreover, along with the Industry 4.0 strategy and digital transformation processes, Germany has to enhance its digital abilities across industries. Compared to the most innovative countries, Germany is condemned to failure but can certainly catch up. Germany has failed in practice in the initial stages, like the omission to develop eco-friendly engines. It is necessary to understand the reasons that Germany cannot maintain or ex-tend its lead.
{"title":"Assessment of the Digital Competence of Germany: Global Competitive Analysis Towards Global Industries","authors":"O. Varol, Alexander Zureck","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3626521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3626521","url":null,"abstract":"Digital competence plays crucial role in 21st century with the result of new importance given to the overall digital transformation processes as well as domains. Besides technological innovation, several domains such as traditional workplaces or change of the leadership role may be touched significantly. Besides the examination of the forthcoming challenges facing digital competence strategies, there may be a critical analysis applied into Germany’s overall digital capabilities and the transformations readiness to evaluate their future-proofness. By following the Big Data approach, irrational relationships may be disclosed to ensure a generic strength and weakness analysis of Germany in the global competition. Germany has to maintain its innovative strength as never before. Moreover, along with the Industry 4.0 strategy and digital transformation processes, Germany has to enhance its digital abilities across industries. Compared to the most innovative countries, Germany is condemned to failure but can certainly catch up. Germany has failed in practice in the initial stages, like the omission to develop eco-friendly engines. It is necessary to understand the reasons that Germany cannot maintain or ex-tend its lead.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
textabstractThis paper studies the balance constraint (debit=credit) in bookkeeping, itscauses and its consequences for accounting. Balance in the ledger is shown to:1) imply balance in journal entries and vice versa; 2) link the value definitionsin the earnings statement and balance sheet; 3) have direct implications for valuation puzzles encountered in accounting, like accounting for OCI or stock-basedcompensation, and the difference between earnings or balance-sheet approaches tovaluation. These system-wide effects on accounting highlight a design question:why do we have the balance constraint in bookkeeping? Backward-engineeringshows 6 axioms that logically lead to double-entry bookkeeping. The balance constraint follows from the existence of a residual account: owner’s equity. A class ofequivalently powerful record keeping systems is shown to exist. These systems usedouble-entry bookkeeping without the monetary-unit assumption and can be usedto record other outputs of the organization, like societal impact. These systemscan be implemented in relational databases, a blockchain, or a different technology all together. The discussion covers links with other mathematical descriptionsof bookkeeping and potential avenues for future research in the mathematics ofbookkeeping.
{"title":"When Debit=Credit, The Balance Constraint in Bookkeeping, Its Causes and Consequences for Accounting","authors":"S. Renes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3624726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3624726","url":null,"abstract":"textabstractThis paper studies the balance constraint (debit=credit) in bookkeeping, itscauses and its consequences for accounting. Balance in the ledger is shown to:1) imply balance in journal entries and vice versa; 2) link the value definitionsin the earnings statement and balance sheet; 3) have direct implications for valuation puzzles encountered in accounting, like accounting for OCI or stock-basedcompensation, and the difference between earnings or balance-sheet approaches tovaluation. These system-wide effects on accounting highlight a design question:why do we have the balance constraint in bookkeeping? Backward-engineeringshows 6 axioms that logically lead to double-entry bookkeeping. The balance constraint follows from the existence of a residual account: owner’s equity. A class ofequivalently powerful record keeping systems is shown to exist. These systems usedouble-entry bookkeeping without the monetary-unit assumption and can be usedto record other outputs of the organization, like societal impact. These systemscan be implemented in relational databases, a blockchain, or a different technology all together. The discussion covers links with other mathematical descriptionsof bookkeeping and potential avenues for future research in the mathematics ofbookkeeping.","PeriodicalId":13594,"journal":{"name":"Information Systems & Economics eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75270801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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