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Productivity of spring barley during irrigation in the conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea 里海北部灌溉条件下春大麦的产量
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-18-23
V. Sychev, V. Shevchenko, N. Tyutyuma, N. Zaitseva
The article presents the results on the effect of various soil treatments and doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley under irrigation conditions on light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian. Studies have revealed that the greatest yield increases were obtained when using the working organ of the ROPA – 0,32–0,49 t / ha, as well as when applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150P150K150 – 3,91–4,08 t /ha. In absolute terms, the highest yield of barley grain was provided on the variant with deep loosening of the soil with a ROP tool (h = 0,4–0,45 m) with a dose of fertilizers N150P150K150 – 7,64 t/ha.
本文介绍了在里海北部浅栗色土壤上,不同土壤处理和矿肥用量对灌溉条件下春大麦产量的影响。研究表明,使用ROPA工作器官- 0,32 - 0,49 t /ha,以及施用N150P150K150 - 3,91 - 4,08 t /ha的矿物肥时,产量增幅最大。在绝对条件下,使用ROP工具(h = 0,4 - 0,45 m)深度松动土壤,施肥剂量为N150P150K150 - 7,64 t/ha时,大麦籽粒产量最高。
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引用次数: 0
Features of the formation of raspberry seedlings under drip irrigation in the conditions of soddy-podzolic soils of the Central Non-Chernozem Region 中部非黑钙区钠灰化土条件下滴灌覆盆子幼苗形成特征
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-12-18
N. Dubenok, A. Gemonov, A. Lebedev, K. Il'chenko
Practically no studies on drip irrigation of raspberries in the conditions of the Moscow region have been carried out, in particular, the patterns of the production process of plants under drip irrigation have not been identified. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the effect of drip irrigation regimes on the formation of raspberry seedlings in the conditions of soddy-podzolic soils in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The studies were carried out on the lands of the educational and experimental farm of the laboratory of fruit growing "Michurinskiy Sad" of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2020-2022. The two-factor field experience included regimes as the first factor, and varietal characteristics as the second. As a result of the research, it was revealed that drip irrigation contributes to the saving of irrigation water and the creation of an optimal water-air regime of the soil during the entire growing season. In the variant of drip irrigation with maintaining moisture in the root layer in the range of 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity, the saving of irrigation water compared to furrow irrigation averaged 65%, and in the variant of 60-80% of the lowest moisture capacity - 78%. Drip irrigation contributes to the formation of seedlings with the highest values of biometric indicators (stem diameter, plant height, leaf surface area and volume, length, mass of the root system) and increase productivity. An analysis of the experimental data on the biometric indicators of raspberries and its yield allows us to recommend irrigation regimes with maintaining the moisture content of the root layer of the soil in the range of 70-90% of the lowest moisture capacity and 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity as optimal.
几乎没有对莫斯科地区的覆盆子进行滴灌的研究,特别是没有确定滴灌下植物生产过程的模式。在这方面,本研究的目的是研究滴灌制度对俄罗斯非黑诺姆区中部地区钠灰化土条件下覆盆子幼苗形成的影响。该研究于2020-2022年在俄罗斯国立农业大学-莫斯科蒂米里亚泽夫农学院水果种植实验室“Michurinskiy Sad”的教育和实验农场的土地上进行。双因素田间经验包括制度作为第一因素,品种特征作为第二因素。研究结果表明,滴灌有助于节约灌溉用水,并在整个生长季节创造最佳的土壤水-空气状态。在保持根层水分在最低水分容量80-100%范围内的滴灌变型中,灌溉水量比沟灌平均节约65%,在最低水分容量60-80%范围内的滴灌变型中,灌溉水量比沟灌平均节约78%。滴灌有助于形成具有最高生物特征指标(茎粗、株高、叶表面积和根系体积、长度、质量)的幼苗,并提高生产力。对覆盆子生物计量指标及其产量的实验数据的分析使我们能够推荐灌溉制度,以保持土壤根层的水分含量在最低水分容量的70-90%和最低水分容量的80-100%的范围内为最佳。
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引用次数: 0
Soil and climatic conditions of the Far North as an environment for growing perennial grasses for biological reclamation 远北地区作为多年生牧草生物复垦环境的土壤和气候条件
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-23-28
A. Motorin
The study of water and temperature regimes was carried out at the bottom of a 25‑year-old sand pit in the forest-tundra zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (15 km from Salekhard). Based on the analysis of the results of field studies, the dependence of the moisture content of sandy soil on the amount of precipitation (r = 0,58–0,93) was established. In the conditions of the forest-tundra zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the moisture reserves in the agrocenoses of perennial grasses depend on the moisture supply of the growing season and can vary from excessive moisture (in early spring and autumn) to an acute deficit in summer (20–30 % HB in the soil layer 0,4 m).
在亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区森林冻土带(距离萨列哈德15公里)的一个有25年历史的沙坑底部进行了水和温度制度的研究。通过对野外研究结果的分析,建立了沙土含水率与降水量的关系(r = 0,58 ~ 0,93)。在亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区的森林-苔原地带,多年生禾草的复合草地的水分储备取决于生长季节的水分供应,可以从过多的水分(早春和秋季)到夏季的严重水分不足(20 - 30% HB在0.4 m的土层中)。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE IVANKOVO RESERVOIR PLES 伊万科沃水库湖底沉积物中重金属的含量及分布
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-7-11
G. Tolkachev, T. Ilyina, N. Abakumova, I. Rodkina
Currently, the state of water bodies under the influence of technogenic factors is changing, as a rule, for the worse. Studies of the sediments of reservoirs make it possible to identify unfavorable areas and determine the sources of pollution. From the point of view of technogenic pressure, the most dangerous pollutants are trace elements Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, As. The paper presents an assessment of sediments in various areas of the Ivan’kovo reservoir. The content of mobile forms of existence of the following microelements was determined: Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and As. The results of studies of the contamination of bottom sediments by the total concentrations of mobile forms of microelements, estimated by geo-classes - by the contamination of the sorbing fraction (less than 0.02 mm) are presented. The main contaminants are cadmium and lead, which are estimated to be slightly to moderately polluted. A picture is presented of both contamination of the bottom sediments of the Ivan’kovo reservoir with microelements, and the distribution and correlation of their mobile forms of existence in the desired sediments. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that, despite a significant number of pollution sources, at present there is no need to talk about a dangerous load on the studied objects.
目前,受技术因素影响的水体状态有向坏的趋势。对水库沉积物的研究使确定不利区域和确定污染源成为可能。从技术压力的角度看,最危险的污染物是微量元素Hg、Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn、As。本文对Ivan’kovo水库不同区域的沉积物进行了评价。测定了微量元素Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、As的流动形态含量。本文介绍了海底沉积物中微量元素流动形式的总浓度污染的研究结果,这些污染是根据地质分类估计的-通过吸收部分(小于0.02毫米)的污染。主要污染物为镉和铅,估计为轻度至中度污染。本文介绍了Ivan’kovo水库底部沉积物中微量元素的污染情况,以及微量元素在所需沉积物中活动形式的分布和相互关系。从所获得的数据可以得出结论,尽管有大量的污染源,但目前还没有必要谈论对研究对象的危险负荷。
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引用次数: 0
On the reliability of pipeless drainage 浅谈无管排水的可靠性
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-28-34
V. Shtykov, A. Ponomarev, Yuri Yanko
Purpose: Based on the analysis of the performed theoretical, laboratory and field studies of cavityless drainage, both the authors of this article and other researchers established the conditions for ensuring the reliability of its operation during the standard service life. Methods: analysis of the causes and quantitative assessment of the entry of silting particles into the pores of drains from the soil surrounding the drain showed, that in the case of protection of drains from silting with geotextiles, the inflow of particles smaller than 0.05 mm is due to the fact that such particles are colmatizing and geotextiles, in accordance with the requirements for it, must pass them. Another source of their entry is the possibility of formation of filtration deformations at the contact of the drain filler with the surrounding soil when the filtration flow reaches velocities exceeding the erosive ones. Geotextile materials, which are widely used as protective and filtering materials, must pass water into the drainage in the spring, even while still in a frozen state. Results: it has been established that in the laminar regime, filtration deformations in cohesive soils at the contact of the filler with the soil surrounding the drain do not occur in the absence of vibrodynamic loading. In cavityless drainage used in industrial and civil construction, as well as in the case of draining agricultural fields, clogging particles let through by geotextiles reduce the cross-sectional area of drains by no more than 10%. When draining the railway subgrade by pipeless drainage, it is not advisable to protect the drain filler from above. At the same time, the height of the silted part of the drains does not exceed 10 cm for 100 years, which must be taken into account at the design stage. In the case of using geotextile materials as protective and filtering materials, their water loss coefficient μ should be ≥ 0.65 with porosity ≥ 0.8.
目的:通过对无空腔排水的理论、实验室和现场研究的分析,本文作者和其他研究人员建立了保证其在标准使用寿命期间运行可靠性的条件。方法:通过对排水渠周围土壤中泥沙颗粒进入排水渠孔隙的原因分析和定量评价表明,在用土工布保护排水渠防淤的情况下,小于0.05 mm的颗粒流入是由于这些颗粒是混凝的,而土工布按照要求必须通过。它们进入的另一个来源是,当过滤流达到超过侵蚀速度的速度时,排水沟填充物与周围土壤接触时形成过滤变形的可能性。土工布材料被广泛用作保护和过滤材料,即使在春季仍处于冻结状态时,也必须将水排入排水系统。结果:在层流状态下,在没有振动动力加载的情况下,填料与排水管周围土壤接触处的粘性土中的过滤变形不会发生。在工业和民用建筑中使用的无腔排水,以及在农田排水的情况下,土工布让堵塞颗粒通过,使排水管的截面积减少不超过10%。采用无管排水方式对铁路路基进行排水时,不宜从上方保护排水填充物。同时,排水沟淤塞部分的高度100年不超过10厘米,在设计阶段必须考虑到这一点。土工布作为防护和过滤材料时,其失水系数μ应≥0.65,孔隙率≥0.8。
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引用次数: 0
Purpose and layout and design solution of the Bagaevsky waterworks 巴加耶夫斯基自来水厂的目的、布置及设计方案
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2023-1-34-39
V. Shkura, V. Shevchenko
The information justifying the expediency and conditions for the creation of the Bagaevsky waterworks on the Don River is given. The justification and description of the adopted layout solution of the waterworks and the structural design of the structures ensuring its functioning are given. Based on the results of the technical justification of the project, a rational solution has been developed for the Bagaevsky waterworks, which provides its purpose and diversified use of the water resource potential of the Don River
给出了在顿河上修建巴加耶夫斯基水厂的适宜性和条件。对水厂采用的布置方案进行了论证和说明,并对保证其功能的结构进行了结构设计。根据该项目的技术论证结果,为巴加耶夫斯基水厂制定了合理的解决方案,以提供其目的和多样化利用顿河的水资源潜力
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引用次数: 0
Experimental studies of the model of bucket of reclamation canal cleaner PP-303 for the drainage zone PP-303排水区填海渠清洗机铲斗模型试验研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-5-20-25
K. Abdulmazhidov, V. Balabanov, N. Martynova, Alexander Makarov
The purpose of the research is to determine the traction resistance when the bucket is operating on the rigid guides of the RR-303 channel cleaner, depending on the change in the main factors. The RR-303 channel repairer differs from many currently used designs of canal cleaning machines by the movement of the cleaning bucket strictly straight along the axis of the channel on rigid guides. In addition, according to the mode of operation, the channel cleaner refers to machines of periodic action, which positionally cleans the bottom of the channel and the slopes adjacent to the bottom. The working equipment of the channel repairer includes a twin telescopic boom, rigid guides (based on two channels) is installed as a side linkage on the DT-75 tracked tractor. There are also design projects of working equipment designed for installation on a more modern basic tractor VT-100. The main attention in the design of the working equipment of the channel cleaner was paid to the possibility of ensuring high quality cleaning work with the lowest traction resistance. The high quality of work is mainly ensured by the rectilinear movement of the bucket along the rigid guides. The value of traction resistance, as a target function or optimization parameter, is most influenced by the thickness of the soil chips, the density of the soil in terms of the difficulty of its development and soil moisture. The presence of these three characteristics, which can be called factors, give reason to believe that their change affects the traction resistance of the bucket of the channel cleaner in the process of its operation is much greater than, for example, the cutting angle or laying slopes. Accordingly, in this study, the following three are taken as the main factors affecting the target function: change in chip thickness; changes in soil density in terms of development difficulty; change in the value of soil moisture. Determination of traction resistances during the operation of the channel cleaner bucket model was carried out using the method of three-factor study, which allows to estimate the value of the most significant factor affecting the target function, in this case the traction resistance. Processing of the results of laboratory studies was carried out using the methods of statistical analysis and computer programs Mathcad and Excel.
研究的目的是根据主要因素的变化,确定铲斗在RR-303通道清洗机刚性导轨上运行时的牵引阻力。RR-303沟道修理工不同于许多目前使用的沟道清洗机的设计,它的清洗斗在刚性导轨上沿着沟道轴线严格地直线运动。此外,根据操作方式,通道清洁器是指周期性作用的机器,它对通道底部和与底部相邻的斜坡进行位置清洁。沟道修理工的工作设备包括一个双伸缩臂,刚性导轨(基于两个沟道)安装在DT-75履带式拖拉机上作为侧联动装置。也有工作设备的设计项目,设计安装在更现代的基本拖拉机VT-100。在通道清洗机工作设备的设计中,主要关注的是如何以最低的牵引阻力保证高质量的清洗工作。高质量的工作主要是通过铲斗沿着刚性导轨的直线运动来保证的。作为目标函数或优化参数的牵引阻力值,受土屑厚度、土密度在其发育难度和土壤湿度方面的影响最大。这三种特性的存在,可称为因素,使我们有理由相信,它们的变化对通道清洗机铲斗在其运行过程中的牵引阻力的影响,远远大于例如切割角度或铺设坡度。因此,本研究将以下三个因素作为影响目标函数的主要因素:切屑厚度的变化;土壤密度在发展难度方面的变化;土壤水分值的变化。采用三因素研究的方法确定通道清洁器铲斗模型运行过程中的牵引阻力,该方法可以估计影响目标函数的最显著因素的值,在本例中为牵引阻力。利用统计分析方法和计算机程序Mathcad和Excel对实验室研究结果进行处理。
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引用次数: 0
Swamp resources of the altai mountains and approaches to their rational use 阿尔泰山沼泽资源及其合理利用途径
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-5-11-16
L. Inisheva, Marina Dostovalova, N. Inishev
The article presents the results of a survey of the territory of the Altai Republic, in order to identify peat swamps and paludified soils. The general technical, agrochemical and chemical properties of peat were determined and radiocarbon dating of peat deposits The properties of peat suggest their application in agriculture for the production of organic fertilizers, biostimulants and growth substances, and can also be used in balneology and medicine. It was proposed to distribute the peat fund of the Altai Republic among trust funds with the allocation of a protected fund as a priority.
本文介绍了对阿尔泰共和国领土的调查结果,以确定泥炭沼泽和混浊土壤。测定了泥炭的一般技术、农化和化学性质,并对泥炭沉积物进行了放射性碳定年。泥炭的性质表明其在农业上的应用,可用于生产有机肥、生物刺激素和生长物质,也可用于医学和医学。有人提议将阿尔泰共和国的泥炭基金分配给各信托基金,并优先分配一项受保护的基金。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects and public importance of the development of reclamation in the Moscow region 莫斯科地区填海开发的前景和公共重要性
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-5-6-11
N. Dubenok, G. Ol'garenko, R. Kalinichenko
The article provides justification and development of the concept of restoration and sustainable development of the reclamation complex of the Moscow region for the period up to 2030. The socio- economic development of the Moscow Oblast agro-reclamation complex and improvement of food and environmental security are based on addressing the fundamental challenges, including: comprehensive reconstruction and upgrade of the hydro-reclamation systems interconnected with the integrated system of agrochemical and agrotechnical land reclamation technologies aimed at: the improvement of the hydro-reclamation systems maintenance and stabilization of soil’s productivity; prevention of withdrawal of reclaimed lands from the production cycle; the enhancement of the social and economic development and environmental safety in rural areas; the development of skilled human resources;
本文为莫斯科地区复垦综合体的恢复和可持续发展的概念提供了到2030年的理由和发展。莫斯科州农业复垦综合体的社会经济发展以及粮食和环境安全的改善是建立在解决基本挑战的基础上的,这些挑战包括:全面重建和升级与农业化学和农业技术土地复垦技术综合系统相关联的水力复垦系统,旨在改善水力复垦系统,维持和稳定土壤生产力;防止复垦土地退出生产周期;促进农村地区的社会经济发展和环境安全;开发熟练的人力资源;
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引用次数: 0
Ecological and geochemical state of water objects of the Ivankovskoe reservoi 伊万科夫斯科水库水物生态与地球化学状态
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-5-30-32
A. Matveev
When implementing long-term environmental monitoring programs, a number of problems arise related to the storage, search, processing, visualization of the data obtained, and their presentation in a form that is intuitively understandable for both specialists and ordinary users. The accumulated volume of initial data requires structured storage, special multivariate analysis to identify long-term trends and correlations, assess the danger and risks of possible negative phenomena.
在实施长期环境监测项目时,涉及到数据的存储、搜索、处理、可视化,以及如何以专家和普通用户都能直观理解的形式呈现这些数据,出现了许多问题。累积的初始数据量需要结构化存储,特殊的多变量分析,以确定长期趋势和相关性,评估可能出现的负面现象的危险和风险。
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引用次数: 0
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Melioration and Water Management
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