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TENSIOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF MOISTURE SOIL OF IRRIGATION BY INDUSTRIAL VINEYARDS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA 俄罗斯南部工业葡萄园灌溉土壤水分控制的张力法
Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-5-24-28
Anna Dutova
The article presents the results of the development using sensors tensiometric by the monitoring for moisture of soil in industrial viticulture. Using of the tensiometric method maybe by representative depth of soil, which depends on the type of crop, the year of vegetation, which is especially important for perennial plantings, the method of irrigation and the soil variety. The research was carried out on the sites of industrial vineyards and grape schools in the foothill zone of Stavropol and the Rostov region. The development was carried out taking into account the nature of moisture distribution along the soil profile for irrigation methods: furrows, intra-soil, drip, sprinkling. The results of the research allowed us to recommend the appointment of deadlines for production.
本文介绍了传感器张力法在工业葡萄栽培土壤水分监测中的应用进展。张力法的使用可能取决于土壤的代表性深度,这取决于作物的类型,植被的年份,灌溉方法和土壤的品种,这对多年生植物尤其重要。该研究是在斯塔夫罗波尔和罗斯托夫地区山麓地区的工业葡萄园和葡萄学校进行的。在进行开发时,考虑了沿土壤剖面水分分布的性质,采用了灌溉方法:犁沟、土内灌溉、滴灌、喷灌。研究的结果使我们能够建议指定生产的最后期限。
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引用次数: 0
Land reclamation in the Udmurt Republic 乌德穆尔特共和国的土地复垦
Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-5-39-42
A. Shilov, I. Fatyhov, E. Korepanova, V. Vladimirov, Bronislav Yasonov
The adoption by the Decree of the Government of the Udmurt Republic of 29.12.2014 No. 563 of the subprogram "Development of agricultural land reclamation of the Udmurt Republic", which is part of the state program of the Udmurt Republic "Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets" for 2013-2020" ensured the implementation of measures for reclamation on agricultural lands. The cultivation of vegetables during irrigation allows agricultural organizations to obtain high yields of these crops and net profit. Budget subsidies to rural commodity producers for carrying out land reclamation measures contributed to the cultivation of vegetable crops on irrigated plots in the zone of risky land.
乌德穆尔特共和国政府2014年12月29日第563号法令通过了“乌德穆尔特共和国农业土地开垦的发展”子方案,这是乌德穆尔特共和国2013-2020年“农业发展和农产品、原材料和食品市场监管”国家方案的一部分,确保了农业土地开垦措施的实施。在灌溉期间种植蔬菜可以使农业组织获得这些作物的高产量和净利润。对农村商品生产者实施土地复垦措施的预算补贴有助于在危险地带的灌溉地块上种植蔬菜作物。
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引用次数: 0
Justification of the regulation of the flow of sprinklers of wide-reach circular machines 大范围圆形喷头流量调节的论证
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-6-10
A. Ryazantsev, S. Turapin, E. Evseev, A. Antipov
The article discusses the issues of substantiating the reliability of the movement of wide-reach circular sprinkler machines on elevated slopes by eliminating surface runoff in the movement zone of their running systems, especially in the end part, by equipping sprinkler machines with advanced membrane-type flow regulators. Laboratory studies have determined that the accuracy of regulation by the im-proved regulator is within the same limits as for its serial model, and is ± 5%. It has been found that the regulation of the flow rate of sprinklers in the end part of the DM on a sloping surface increases the value of the bearing capacity of the soil, from 40-50 to 80-90 kPa, or that at a specific pressure of running systems, on average, about 85 kPa, provides sufficient permeability
本文讨论了在高坡上安装先进的膜式流量调节器,以消除大范围圆形洒水机运行系统运动区,特别是末端部分的地表径流,从而证明其运行可靠性的问题。实验室研究表明,改进后的调节器的调节精度与系列型号相同,为±5%。研究发现,在坡地上调节DM末端喷头的流量,可以使土壤的承载能力值从40-50 kPa提高到80-90 kPa,或者在运行系统的比压力下,平均约为85 kPa,可以提供足够的渗透性
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引用次数: 0
REGULATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE OF DRAINED PEAT SOILS OF THE NORTHERN TRANS-URALS 北方跨乌拉尔山区排水泥炭土小气候的调控
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-2-30-35
A. Motorin
The results of long-term (2008 - 2010) studies of the microclimate of drained peat soils in the subtaiga zone of the Northern Trans-Urals are presented. It is shown that drained peat soils, due to the specific thermal properties of peat, have an unsatisfactory temperature regime for the successful cultivation of many agricultural crops. Poor thermal conductivity of peat and strong heat transfer from surface layers are the main causes of frequent radiation frosts. The dark color of peat soils promotes a strong absorption of heat and their overheating on sunny days up to 45 - 50°C, in connection with which they are characterized by a large amplitude of daily temperature fluctuations (13.9 - 25.8°C). The introduction of clay into peat soil changes the thermal properties of peat, improves heat exchange between the surface and deeper layers of the soil; increases the temperature in the 0.2 - meter layer by 0.35 - 1.3°C on average during the growing season, reduces the amplitude of daily temperature fluctuations by 3.3 - 3.5°C, practically eliminates the possibility of radiation frosts. Improving the microclimate of peat soil by applying 300 t/ha of clay provides an increase of 7.24 t/ha (35.0%) in the yield of green mass of oats. An increase in the clay norm from 300 to 900 t/ha increases the yield of green mass of oats insignificantly (2.53 t/ha - 9%).
本文介绍了2008 - 2010年对乌拉尔北部亚针叶林地区疏水泥炭土小气候的长期研究结果。研究表明,由于泥炭的特殊热特性,排干的泥炭土的温度状况对许多农作物的成功栽培来说并不令人满意。泥炭导热性差和表层热传递强是频繁发生辐射霜冻的主要原因。泥炭土的深色有利于强烈吸收热量,晴天温度高达45 - 50°C时极易过热,因此,泥炭土的特点是日温度波动幅度很大(13.9 - 25.8°C)。将粘土引入泥炭土改变了泥炭的热性质,改善了土壤表层和深层之间的热交换;在生长季节使0.2米层的温度平均提高0.35 - 1.3℃,使日温度波动幅度降低3.3 - 3.5℃,实际上消除了辐射霜的可能性。通过施用300 t/ha的粘土改善泥炭土的小气候,使燕麦的绿质量产量增加7.24 t/ha(35.0%)。粘土标准从300吨/公顷增加到900吨/公顷,燕麦的绿质量产量增加不显著(2.53吨/公顷- 9%)。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONTACT ANGLE OF WETTING IN DETER-MINING THE HEIGHT OF THE CAPILLARY RISE IN SANDY SOILS 砂土毛管上升高度测定中的润湿接触角问题
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-21-24
V. Bocharnikov, Yuri Mazhayskiy, A. Borovikov
The use of local materials in the design of hydraulic structures of reclamation systems will significantly reduce their cost. Object. The objects of research are sapropels, sands and mixtures based on them. Materials and methods. Standard methods were used to deter-mine particle size distribution, porosity, density, and capillary rise height. Results and conclusions. The analysis of the data obtained showed good convergence of the experi-mental one after 1 day and the theoretical heights of the capillary rise for sands at a con-tact angle of 30
在填海系统水工结构的设计中使用当地材料将大大降低其成本。对象。研究的对象是沙子、沙子和基于它们的混合物。材料和方法。采用标准方法测定颗粒大小分布、孔隙度、密度和毛细上升高度。结果和结论。实验数据分析表明,1 d后实验数据收敛较好,接触角为30时砂体毛管理论高度上升
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引用次数: 0
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF LAND RECLAMATION ORGANIZATIONS IN THE TERRITORIAL SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 俄罗斯联邦领土空间土地复垦组织的数字化转型
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-16-21
A. Ugryumova, M. Zamakhovsky, L. Pautova
The results of the scientific-practical and system-logical analysis of the indicators of digital transformation of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Management "Meliovodkhoz" subordinated to the Department of Land Reclamation of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation are presented. The indicators of digital development are identified, substantiated and statistically analyzed, and the clustering of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Land Reclamation in the context of federal districts is carried out. Directions for the development of digital transformation of industry organizations have been developed and proposed.
介绍了俄罗斯联邦农业部土地复垦部下属的联邦国家预算机构“管理”Meliovodkhoz数字化转型指标的科学实践和系统逻辑分析结果。对数字发展指标进行了识别、实证和统计分析,并对联邦区背景下的联邦国家土地复垦预算机构进行了聚类。提出了行业组织数字化转型的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Water Consumption of Eastern Galega (Galega Orientalis Lam.) During Irrigation on Sod-Podzolic Soil in the North-Eastern Part of the Republic of Belarus 东加菜(Galega Orientalis Lam.)用水量在灌溉期间在白俄罗斯共和国东北部的灰化土
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-2-12-16
V. Volyntseva, Vera Ivanovna Bushueva
The article presents the results of the study of water consumption of Galega orientalis on sodpodzolic soils in the north-eastern part of the Republic of Belarus. Based on the obtained field data, the total water consumption was calculated not only for each of the options, but also for different growing seasons. Bioclimatic coefficients have been obtained for calculating the water consumption of Galeag orientalis, which can further be used in calculating the water regime and the need for irrigation of this crop both in the design and in the operational regime of irrigation.
本文介绍了白罗斯共和国东北部盐碱化土壤上东方桦耗水量的研究结果。根据获得的田间数据,不仅计算了每种方案的总耗水量,还计算了不同生长季节的总耗水量。获得的生物气候系数可用于计算东方蓟的耗水量,并可进一步用于计算该作物在灌溉设计和操作过程中的用水状况和灌溉需求。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental safety aspects of wastewater irrigation 环境安全方面的废水灌溉
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-10-16
V. Golovin, G. Gulyuk, T. Fam
The paper attempts to clarify the criteria for determining the effectiveness of wastewater irrigation based on the analysis of the response of microbial activity of the soil to the concentration of some hazardous substances that may be in the water. The authors attribute this to the fact that, according to experience, the use of reclamation measures in agricultural irrigation fields does not always fully consider the danger of suppression of the soil microbiome by components such as organochlorine substances (carcinogens) and aluminum salts in the structure of reagents used in wastewater pretreatment processes. It is proved that the orientation of soil educational processes ultimately determines the probability of development and the degree of soil degradation, therefore, the most important point is the assessment of the living conditions of soil microorganisms that mainly cause these processes. The absence of factors, suppression of the activity of the soil microbiome may be the main indicator in assessing the optimality of these conditions.
本文试图通过分析土壤微生物活性对水中可能存在的一些有害物质浓度的响应,阐明确定废水灌溉有效性的标准。作者认为,这是因为根据经验,在农业灌溉区使用的复垦措施并不总是充分考虑废水预处理过程中使用的试剂结构中的有机氯物质(致癌物)和铝盐等成分对土壤微生物群的抑制危险。事实证明,土壤教育过程的方向最终决定了土壤的发展概率和退化程度,因此,最重要的一点是评估主要引起这些过程的土壤微生物的生存条件。在缺乏因素的情况下,土壤微生物活性的抑制可能是评估这些条件最优性的主要指标。
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引用次数: 0
MODELING OF WATER DISTRIBUTION REGIMES RESOURCES OF RECLAIM SYSTEMS OF THE DUAL REGULATIONS IN THE CIRCUIT «WATER CONSUMERS GROUP» 水的分配制度,资源的回收系统的双重法规在电路中的建模«水的消费者群体»
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-31-36
A. Kozhanov
The aim of the research was to develop an algorithm for modeling the regulation of water resources in the fields of reclamation systems for dual regulation of the water regime of soils (drainage-moistening, drainage-irrigation) in the «group of water consumers» contour (crop rotation plot) for the subsequent development of information and software tools that provide the possibility of operational regulation of water resources on dual regulation systems. The information and methodological basis of work related to modeling the modes of distribution of water resources in crop rotation plots was made up of methods for collecting and processing information, systematization methods, regulatory and technical documents, provisions for the development of information technologies, as well as existing means of information technology support for tasks in land reclamation. The task of modeling was to determine the modes of water supply from a water source (regulating tank, water intake-water source) by a pumping station by controlling the on and off of pumping units of different capacities available on it under conditions of rapidly changing water intake modes in the circuits regulation «Water consumers». The algorithm for modeling water regimes in the control loop «Group of water consumers» (crop rotation area) in the reclamation SDR includes three stages: preparation – input of initial data on water consumption plans in the control loops «Water consumer»; modeling – cost calculation; simulation results – total volumes of water to be supplied to the site, total volumes of water from the control tank or water-receiver-water source, and others. The developed algorithm makes it possible to quickly regulate the modes of water supply from a control tank or a water-receiver-water source by pumping stations by controlling pumping and power units under conditions of rapidly changing water intake modes in the «Water consumer» control loops.
该研究的目的是开发一种算法,用于在“水消费者群体”等高线(作物轮作地)中对土壤水状况进行双重调节的开垦系统领域的水资源调节建模(排水-润湿,排水-灌溉),以便随后开发信息和软件工具,提供在双重调节系统上对水资源进行操作调节的可能性。与作物轮作地块水资源分配模式建模有关的工作的信息和方法基础包括收集和处理信息的方法、系统化方法、规章和技术文件、发展信息技术的规定以及支持土地复垦任务的现有信息技术手段。建模的任务是在快速变化的取水模式的条件下,通过控制不同容量的抽水机组的开启和关闭,在电路调节«水消费者»的取水模式下,通过泵站从水源(调节水箱,取水水源)确定供水模式。在复垦SDR中对控制回路«水消费者组»(作物轮作区)中的水状况进行建模的算法包括三个阶段:准备-在控制回路«水消费者»中输入关于水消耗计划的初始数据;建模-成本计算;模拟结果-向现场供应的总水量,控制水箱或水接收器-水源的总水量,以及其他。所开发的算法使得在«水消费者»控制回路中快速变化的取水模式的条件下,通过控制抽水和动力单元,可以快速调节从控制箱或水接收器-水源的泵站供水模式。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the influence of large-scale reclaiming of the Belarusian Polesie on the thermal regime of soils 白俄罗斯波勒斯湖大规模开垦对土壤热状态影响的评价
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2022-3-25-30
A. Volchek, V. Borushko
The article presents the results of modeling the distribution of heat in the soil at various rates of drainage. The proposed method allows, using mathematical modeling, to obtain the temperature profile of soils, which is the basis for assessing changes in the temperature and thermal regimes of natural and drained lands of the Belarusian Woodland. The results obtained in the work will make it possible to use reclaimed lands in agriculture with greater efficiency.
本文介绍了模拟不同排水速率下土壤中热量分布的结果。所提议的方法可以利用数学模型获得土壤的温度剖面,这是评估白俄罗斯林地自然和排水土地的温度和热状况变化的基础。这项工作取得的成果将使农业更有效地利用复垦土地成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
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Melioration and Water Management
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