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MULTIFUNCTIONAL IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR CONTROL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND REGULATION OF HYDROTHERMAL REGIME OF AGROPHYTENOSIS 多功能灌溉系统对植草病生理过程的控制和水热机制的调控
Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-6-19-25
A. Mayer
Based on the analysis of long-term research carried out in the Volgograd region and the Re-public of Kalmykia, where hot and dry climate prevails, it is necessary to create a universal multifunctional irrigation irrigation system, based on the principle of combining irrigation methods and techniques, both among themselves and in combination with small -dispersed sprinkling. The introduction of additional irrigation functions into the irrigation system with the activation of irrigation water with carbon dioxide, oxygen and the supply of warm air to the irrigation system, to prevent early and late frosts in the spring - autumn period, will un-doubtedly preserve and even increase the yields of agricultural crops
根据在伏尔加格勒地区和卡尔梅克共和国进行的长期研究分析,气候炎热干燥,有必要在结合灌溉方法和技术的基础上,建立一个通用的多功能灌溉系统,这些灌溉方法和技术相互结合,并与小分散洒水相结合。在灌溉系统中引入额外的灌溉功能,用二氧化碳、氧气激活灌溉水,并向灌溉系统提供暖空气,以防止春季和秋季的早霜和晚霜,无疑将保持甚至增加农作物的产量
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引用次数: 0
Involvement in the turnover of unused agricultural land 参与未利用农地流转
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-12-16
V. Shevchenko
The article contains the assessment results for lands involved in agricultural turnover, by categories of overgrowth with grass and shrub vegetation, separately for each region of the Non– Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federation. A methodology for agroproductive assessment and analysis of the current fertility state of agricultural lands involved in turnover has been suggested. The volumes of lime application, mineral and organic fertilizers allowing to neutralize excessive acidity and to eliminate macro– and microelement deficiency in soils are calculated for each region. The phytosanitary state of arable soils has been assessed and the ecological problems of involving agricultural lands into turnover have been considered.
本文载有对涉及农业周转的土地的评估结果,按草和灌木植被的过度生长类别,分别为俄罗斯联邦非黑土带的每个地区。提出了一种评估和分析涉及周转的农业用地目前肥力状况的农业生产方法。计算了每个地区石灰、矿物和有机肥料的用量,以中和土壤中过量的酸度,并消除土壤中宏量和微量元素的缺乏。对耕地土壤的植物检疫状况进行了评价,并考虑了农用地周转的生态问题。
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引用次数: 1
Topical issues on the development of the industry amelioration and use of water resources in the agro-industrial complex 农工综合体中工业发展、改良和水资源利用的专题问题
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-8-11
Vyacheslav Schedrin, A. Kolganov, G. Senchukov, V. Gostischev
The issues of providing water resources to the melioration industry are considered in this article. The share of water consumed by agriculture and the structure of water use in the reclamation industry are analyzed. The prospects of increasing the efficiency of water resources use in reclamation systems through water use planning, accounting and monitoring of the water regime, automation of water distribution management are considered. The urgency of completing the construction of the Volga-Don 2 and Volga-Chograi channels for the transfer of part of the flow between the basins of the Volga and Don River deltas, including for providing the Republic of Crimea with drinking water, is described.
本文讨论了向生态环境改善行业提供水资源的问题。分析了农业用水占比和垦荒工业用水结构。审议了通过用水规划、水制度的核算和监测、水分配管理的自动化来提高回收系统中水资源利用效率的前景。报告指出,迫切需要完成伏尔加河-顿河2号和伏尔加河-乔格拉运河的建设,以便在伏尔加河和顿河三角洲流域之间转移部分水流,包括向克里米亚共和国提供饮用水。
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引用次数: 0
Use and improvement of the sorption method for cleaning drainage runoff of reclamation systems 回收系统排水径流净化吸附法的应用与改进
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-30-35
E. Golovinov, E. Strelbitskaya, Antonina Solomina
Technologies and methods of directed regulation of the quality composition of drainage runoff in the hydro-reclamation systems of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia may be different depending on the volume and chemical composition of the runoff and environmental requirements for water quality for reuse and safe disposal. One of the most promising ways to improve the quality of drainage water is sorption treatment of runoff, the effectiveness of which is determined by the design of the sorption-filter unit, the selection of sorption material for the filter based on the flow rate of drainage runoff and the degree of its contamination. The layout, placement and design features of sorption-filter cleaning units are presented, the efficiency indicators of the use of a number of sorbents for cleaning drainage runoff, the main impurities removed and the degree of purification are given. An engineering solution is proposed to increase the efficiency of sorption-filtering facilities by regulating the uniformity of the interaction of drainage water with the entire mass of the sorption-filtering load by equalizing the dynamic pressure of the drainage water flow on the filter material.
根据径流的体积和化学成分以及再使用和安全处置对水质的环境要求,对俄罗斯非切尔诺贝利地区水化回收系统中排水径流质量组成进行定向调节的技术和方法可能有所不同。径流的吸附处理是提高排水水质最有前途的方法之一,其效果取决于吸附-过滤装置的设计,以及根据排水径流的流量和污染程度选择过滤器的吸附材料。介绍了吸附-过滤清洗装置的布置、布置和设计特点,给出了几种吸附剂清洗排水径流的效率指标、主要杂质去除量和净化程度。提出了一种工程解决方案,通过平衡排水流对过滤材料的动压力来调节排水与吸附过滤负荷整体质量相互作用的均匀性,从而提高吸附过滤设施的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Phytoremediation as a method of recultivation of lands contaminated with organochlorine compounds 植物修复作为一种有机氯污染土地的再耕作方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-35-41
Maxim Lapushkin, N. Lukyanova, G. Vasilyeva
Land contamination by organochlorine pollutants is widespread on the territory of the Russian Federation. In many cases, such pollution is of a historical nature, resulting from past human activities. This is the pollution of agricultural land with organochlorine pesticides, as well as the pollution of industrial lands and settlements with polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins as well as organochlorine solvents. For reclamation of those lands, appropriate methods and technologies are required. This article is devoted to a review of phytoremediation methods for lands contaminated with organochlorine pollutants. The article describes the main mechanisms of phytoremediation and gives examples of using these methods for the reclamation of those lands.
在俄罗斯联邦境内,有机氯污染物对土地的污染十分普遍。在许多情况下,这种污染具有历史性质,是由过去的人类活动造成的。这是有机氯农药对农业用地的污染,以及多氯联苯、二恶英和有机氯溶剂对工业用地和住区的污染。为了开垦这些土地,需要适当的方法和技术。本文综述了有机氯污染土地的植物修复方法。本文介绍了植物修复的主要机制,并举例说明了这些方法在土地复垦中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Russian scientific research institute of land improvement problems is 90 years 俄罗斯土地改良问题科学研究所已有90年的历史
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-5-8
R. Masnyi
The history of development and formation of Russian Scientific Research Insti-tute of Land Improvement Problems is highlighted. The main directions of re-search activities of the Institute's scientists are presented
重点介绍了俄罗斯土地改良问题科学研究所的发展历程和形成过程。介绍了研究所科研人员研究活动的主要方向
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引用次数: 2
The impact of weather risks on the yield of corn for grain in the Rostov region 天气风险对罗斯托夫地区谷物玉米产量的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-42-47
S. Kupriyanova, M. Vlasov
One of the reasons for the volatility of agricultural production is poorly predictable weather fluctuations that affect the food security of our country and are a serious problem for agricultural producers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop, justify and use measures that contribute to increasing the stability of agricultural crop yields throughout the territory of agricultural lands. The object of research was the yield of corn for grain and weather conditions during its growing season in the Rostov region. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact on the stability of corn yield on grain of two main factors: natural and climatic changes represented by fluctuations in moisture supply, both interannual and during the growing season of corn for grain, and human economic activity considered in the aspect of reclamation measures, as well as the development and formulation of proposals to improve this stability. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of agricultural production as a whole are identified by the methods of system analysis and a scheme of relations in the agroindustrial complex is constructed, and the dependences of the corn yield on grain on the experimental fields of the Biryuchekut vegetable breeding experimental station are determined by the methods of statistical analysis –the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ≪Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing≫ depends on the amounts of precipitation and temperatures during the growing season, on the basis of which the main directions of land reclamation are formulated that allow optimal use of the agricultural opportunities of the land fund. The paper notes the connection of fluctuations in the yield of corn for grain with the heterogeneity of weather and climatic conditions and the results of human economic activity depending on the level of scientific and technical development in the agricultural sector, as well as with complex solutions to environmental management problems consisting in the rational use of natural resources and the use of various types of land reclamation. It was found that in the period from 2000 to 2019, depending on the amount of precipitation, the yield of corn on the bogar at the representative object varied from 11.8 to 39.5 c/ha, that is, by more than 3.3 times, whereas during irrigation in these years of observation, the yield was from 125.2 to 138 c/ha, respectively, that is, yield fluctuations did not exceed 10 %, irrigation of corn crops in acute arid years increased the yield by 8.6 times, in dry years –by 82.2 %, in favorable –by 71.7 %, and this indicates that in order to obtain a high yield of corn for grain, irrigation should be used not only in dry years, but also in years when 350–00 mm of precipitation falls during the growing season.
农业生产波动的原因之一是难以预测的天气波动影响了我国的粮食安全,对农业生产者来说是一个严重的问题。因此,有必要制定、论证和使用有助于在整个农业用地范围内提高农作物产量稳定性的措施。研究的对象是谷物玉米的产量和天气条件在其生长季节在罗斯托夫地区。本研究的目的是分析两大因素对玉米产量稳定性的影响:以年际和粮食用玉米生长期的水分供应波动为代表的自然和气候变化,以及垦殖措施方面考虑的人类经济活动,以及改善这种稳定性的建议的制定。运用系统分析的方法,确定了影响农业生产整体可持续发展的主要因素,构建了农工综合体的关系方案;比尤契库特蔬菜育种实验站实验田的玉米产量对谷物的依赖关系是通过统计分析的方法确定的——联邦国家预算科学研究所的分支机构《联邦蔬菜种植科学中心》取决于生长季节的降水量和气温,在此基础上,制定了土地复垦的主要方向,使土地资金的农业机会得到最优利用。该文件指出,粮食用玉米产量的波动与天气和气候条件的异质性以及取决于农业部门科学和技术发展水平的人类经济活动的结果有关,也与合理利用自然资源和利用各种类型的土地复垦等环境管理问题的复杂解决办法有关。发现在2000年到2019年,根据降水量,玉米的产量在bogar代表对象变化从11.8到39.5 c /公顷,即3.3倍以上,而在灌溉这些年来的观察,收益率从125.2到138 c /公顷,分别,收益率波动不超过10%,玉米作物的灌溉严重干旱年收益率增加了8.6倍,在干旱年减少82.2%,71.7%,这表明为了获得高产量的粮食玉米,不仅要在干旱年份灌溉,而且要在生长季节降雨量为350-00 mm的年份灌溉。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of parameters of reconstructed polder systems for agricultural purposes 农用改造圩田系统参数计算
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-26-29
N. Kashchenko, Vladimir Puntusov, V. Kovalev
Analysis of field data on the operation of existing polder systems and the results of numerical experiments shows that re-construction of existing polder systems based on experimentally determined values of the drainage flow modulus has a significant potential to increase the efficiency of their operation.
对现有圩田系统运行的现场数据和数值实验结果的分析表明,基于实验确定的排水流模量值对现有圩田系统进行重构,具有显著的提高圩田系统运行效率的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Technogenic transformation of perennial agrophytocenosis on fallow reclaimed lands on North-West of Russia 俄罗斯西北休耕地多年生农植物病的技术改造
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-21-25
Elena Dubina-Chehovich, Lyubov Yevstratova, Ol'ga Bahmet
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引用次数: 0
West Siberian chernozems – object of reclamation 西西伯利亚黑钙土-开垦的对象
Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.32962/0235-2524-2021-4-16-20
M. Ustinov, Mihail Glistin
The genesis - ameliorative features of West Siberian chernozems, as objects of reclamation, which were formed in difficult natural and climatic conditions, are young ecological soils, but "easily injured" during irrigation, are considered. Being in the Northern Hemisphere with a pulsating increase in aridization in centuries-old cycles to preserve and improve the fertility of those in need of irrigation, in addition to atmospheric precipitation
西西伯利亚黑钙土的成因-改良特征,作为开垦的对象,它是在困难的自然和气候条件下形成的,是年轻的生态土壤,但在灌溉过程中“容易受伤”。在北半球,除了大气降水之外,干旱还以数百年的周期不断增加,以保护和提高那些需要灌溉的人的肥力
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Melioration and Water Management
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