Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1906357.1076
M. Ranjbar, M. M. Nejad
Salinity is one of the stressful environmental factors, which affects life, metabolism, and distribution of aquatic animals. In this study, the effects of different levels of water salinity were investigated on serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. For this, the fish (5.53±0.057 g) were exposed to 0, 5, 13, 20 or 30 ppt water salinities for 60 days; then blood samples were taken from all treatment for hormonal and enzymatic studies. All fish died at 30 ppt water salinity, during adaptation. The results showed that there was a tendency to triiodothyronine (T3) elevation along with water salinity levels, although the changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Increase in water salinity significantly increased serum thyroxine (T4), cortisol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and protease levels. Among the water salinities, 20 ppt led to a significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the fish reared at 5 and 13 ppt salinities; both treatments exhibited lower values compared to the 0 and 20 ppt salinities. Water salinity induced no significant changes in serum lipase activity. In conclusion, the results indicate that increase in water salinity causes elevation in cortisol and thyroid hormones, which are necessary for energy production and osmoregulation. Moreover, rainbow trout may face organ damage in saltwater, particularly at 20 ppt.
{"title":"Effect of water salinity on enzymatic and hormonal indices of (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings","authors":"M. Ranjbar, M. M. Nejad","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1906357.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1906357.1076","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the stressful environmental factors, which affects life, metabolism, and distribution of aquatic animals. In this study, the effects of different levels of water salinity were investigated on serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. For this, the fish (5.53±0.057 g) were exposed to 0, 5, 13, 20 or 30 ppt water salinities for 60 days; then blood samples were taken from all treatment for hormonal and enzymatic studies. All fish died at 30 ppt water salinity, during adaptation. The results showed that there was a tendency to triiodothyronine (T3) elevation along with water salinity levels, although the changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Increase in water salinity significantly increased serum thyroxine (T4), cortisol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and protease levels. Among the water salinities, 20 ppt led to a significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the fish reared at 5 and 13 ppt salinities; both treatments exhibited lower values compared to the 0 and 20 ppt salinities. Water salinity induced no significant changes in serum lipase activity. In conclusion, the results indicate that increase in water salinity causes elevation in cortisol and thyroid hormones, which are necessary for energy production and osmoregulation. Moreover, rainbow trout may face organ damage in saltwater, particularly at 20 ppt.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1905475.1074
Jan Laurenz, H. Brendelberger, Kai Lehmann
In recent years, there has been increasing concern about the ecotoxicological consequences of the drug Diclofenac on freshwater organisms. Influences on the largest freshwater invertebrates, the freshwater crayfish, are especially interesting in the context of cascading effects due to their important role as keystone species. In this study, lethality, influences on body weight, embryonic development and histological changes in embryos of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) as well as noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) were investigated in response to their exposure to different concentrations of Diclofenac. Additionally, the suitability of marbled crayfish as a model organism for endemic freshwater crayfish was established when studying the effects of Diclofenac. For both species, lethal effects started at concentrations of 10.24 mg/L Diclofenac, weight was not affected, embryonic development slowed down from concentrations of 0.16 mg/L and histological changes were visible from concentrations of 0.64 mg/L. The similarity of LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations) between the two species showed that marbled crayfish can serve as a model for native crayfish when investigating the effects of exposure to Diclofenac.
{"title":"Effects of Diclofenac on the embryonic development of freshwater crayfish","authors":"Jan Laurenz, H. Brendelberger, Kai Lehmann","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1905475.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1905475.1074","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been increasing concern about the ecotoxicological consequences of the drug Diclofenac on freshwater organisms. Influences on the largest freshwater invertebrates, the freshwater crayfish, are especially interesting in the context of cascading effects due to their important role as keystone species. In this study, lethality, influences on body weight, embryonic development and histological changes in embryos of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) as well as noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) were investigated in response to their exposure to different concentrations of Diclofenac. Additionally, the suitability of marbled crayfish as a model organism for endemic freshwater crayfish was established when studying the effects of Diclofenac. For both species, lethal effects started at concentrations of 10.24 mg/L Diclofenac, weight was not affected, embryonic development slowed down from concentrations of 0.16 mg/L and histological changes were visible from concentrations of 0.64 mg/L. The similarity of LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations) between the two species showed that marbled crayfish can serve as a model for native crayfish when investigating the effects of exposure to Diclofenac.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45834611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1905292.1073
D. Meena, A. Sahoo, P. P. Srivastava, N. P. Sahu, B. Behera, S. Borah, H. S. Swain, B. Das
In the present study, solvent extracts were used at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L, at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and 12, 24, 36,48 and 60 hours under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions, respectively 25-30, (A. bengalensis/fish) Labeo rohita (30±1.5 g). The 5 % dimethyl sulphoxide was used as negative control (DMSO). The LC50 values of solvent extracts for L. rohita were 67.67±12.59, 78.13±14.17, 79.12±17.68, 156.47±12.67 and 256.43±8.93 mg/L for Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract, Terminalia arjuna methanolic bark extract and Terminalia arjuna acetone bark extract, respectively, at 60 hours interval. Under in-vitro condition, 100 % anti-parasitic efficacy (AE) and minimum therapeutic index (TI) value (1.2) was ascertained by Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract at 50 mg/L in 2 hour, and minimum LC50 was reported by Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract under in-vitro condition (13.14 ±3.79 mg/L) and maximum by Terminalia arjuna acetone bark extract under in-vitro condition (75.8±12.69 mg/L) at 5 hour interval. While, under in-vivo conditions, minimum LC50 for immersion and bath treatments was observed with Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract (27.92±9.56 mg/L) and TAEBIM (33.6±7.58 mg/L), correspondingly, at 60 hours. The minimum TI was reported in bath treatment of Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract (1.1). The 100% anti-parasitic activity was observed in bath treatment of Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract at 24 hours. The PCA bi-plot explains 79.34 % and 14.32 % variations for component 1 & 2, respectively. The efficacy of solvent extracts varied significantly in response to concentrations of the extracts and exposure times and toxicity of the extracts (Exposure time*extract *treatment: F=16.12, P=0.04). The study provides, the evidences for safe and effective application of prospective solvent extracts of T. arjuna against A. bengalensis in L. rohita juveniles, and yield first-hand information on acute toxicity of solvent extract in L. rohita.
{"title":"Protective effects of selected solvent extracts of Terminalia arjuna against environment mediated parasitic infection in Labeo rohita","authors":"D. Meena, A. Sahoo, P. P. Srivastava, N. P. Sahu, B. Behera, S. Borah, H. S. Swain, B. Das","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1905292.1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1905292.1073","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, solvent extracts were used at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L, at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and 12, 24, 36,48 and 60 hours under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions, respectively 25-30, (A. bengalensis/fish) Labeo rohita (30±1.5 g). The 5 % dimethyl sulphoxide was used as negative control (DMSO). The LC50 values of solvent extracts for L. rohita were 67.67±12.59, 78.13±14.17, 79.12±17.68, 156.47±12.67 and 256.43±8.93 mg/L for Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract, Terminalia arjuna methanolic bark extract and Terminalia arjuna acetone bark extract, respectively, at 60 hours interval. Under in-vitro condition, 100 % anti-parasitic efficacy (AE) and minimum therapeutic index (TI) value (1.2) was ascertained by Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract at 50 mg/L in 2 hour, and minimum LC50 was reported by Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract under in-vitro condition (13.14 ±3.79 mg/L) and maximum by Terminalia arjuna acetone bark extract under in-vitro condition (75.8±12.69 mg/L) at 5 hour interval. While, under in-vivo conditions, minimum LC50 for immersion and bath treatments was observed with Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract (27.92±9.56 mg/L) and TAEBIM (33.6±7.58 mg/L), correspondingly, at 60 hours. The minimum TI was reported in bath treatment of Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract (1.1). The 100% anti-parasitic activity was observed in bath treatment of Terminalia arjuna ethanolic bark extract at 24 hours. The PCA bi-plot explains 79.34 % and 14.32 % variations for component 1 & 2, respectively. The efficacy of solvent extracts varied significantly in response to concentrations of the extracts and exposure times and toxicity of the extracts (Exposure time*extract *treatment: F=16.12, P=0.04). The study provides, the evidences for safe and effective application of prospective solvent extracts of T. arjuna against A. bengalensis in L. rohita juveniles, and yield first-hand information on acute toxicity of solvent extract in L. rohita.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1908258.1082
Harresh Adikesavalu, F. Hoque, T. Abraham
{"title":"Immune effector activities and clinical biochemistry of normal pangas catfish Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)","authors":"Harresh Adikesavalu, F. Hoque, T. Abraham","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1908258.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1908258.1082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1896881.1030
M. Oliveira, A. Ventura, A. Fraga, M. C. Neves, R. Dantas, R. M. Lopes, R. Hauser‐Davis, J. Salles, F. F. Bastos, V. L. Bastos, J. C. Bastos
Araruama lagoon is one of the largest permanent hypersaline lagoons in the world and has been impacted for twenty years by sewage dumping. In early 2005, a Prasinophyceae (Pseudoscourfieldia sp) phytoplankton bloom occurred, leading to fish mortality during subsequent summers (2006 and 2007). In this context, the aim of the present study was to accompany this historical period through the use of biochemical biomarkers in mullet (Mugil liza) during and after the algal bloom. Mullet were collected from Araruama Lagoon in June and July 2005 and August 2007, as well as from a reference lagoon with no algal blooms, Saquarema Lagoon. Several enzymatic activities in liver were analyzed, namely glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), total glutathione S-transferase (GSTt), specific GSTπ (pi) and GSTμ (mi) classes and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), as well as muscle acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). In 2005, only EROD activity was significantly increased at Araruama Lagoon, indicating induction of the biotransformation enzyme system (CYP 1A1). GSTπ, on the other hand, was lower in the Araruama Lagoon, especially in 2005, when compared to mullet from Saquarema lagoon (reference area). These results highlight the importance of developing actions that go beyond the physical-chemical monitoring of these environments, since the study of ecological relationships and the physiology of organisms affected by algal blooms also include biochemical parameters to evaluate new approaches to icthyotoxicity.
{"title":"Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836) biomarker responses in a hypersaline lagoon in southeastern Brazil before and after a microalgal bloom","authors":"M. Oliveira, A. Ventura, A. Fraga, M. C. Neves, R. Dantas, R. M. Lopes, R. Hauser‐Davis, J. Salles, F. F. Bastos, V. L. Bastos, J. C. Bastos","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1896881.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1896881.1030","url":null,"abstract":"Araruama lagoon is one of the largest permanent hypersaline lagoons in the world and has been impacted for twenty years by sewage dumping. In early 2005, a Prasinophyceae (Pseudoscourfieldia sp) phytoplankton bloom occurred, leading to fish mortality during subsequent summers (2006 and 2007). In this context, the aim of the present study was to accompany this historical period through the use of biochemical biomarkers in mullet (Mugil liza) during and after the algal bloom. Mullet were collected from Araruama Lagoon in June and July 2005 and August 2007, as well as from a reference lagoon with no algal blooms, Saquarema Lagoon. Several enzymatic activities in liver were analyzed, namely glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), total glutathione S-transferase (GSTt), specific GSTπ (pi) and GSTμ (mi) classes and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), as well as muscle acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). In 2005, only EROD activity was significantly increased at Araruama Lagoon, indicating induction of the biotransformation enzyme system (CYP 1A1). GSTπ, on the other hand, was lower in the Araruama Lagoon, especially in 2005, when compared to mullet from Saquarema lagoon (reference area). These results highlight the importance of developing actions that go beyond the physical-chemical monitoring of these environments, since the study of ecological relationships and the physiology of organisms affected by algal blooms also include biochemical parameters to evaluate new approaches to icthyotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41591797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.675913
R. B. Setubal, Rodrigo Araújo Do Nascimento, R. Bozelli
The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes. The correction to all is given below.
不幸的是，这篇文章的原始版本中有一些错误。以下给出了对所有内容的更正。
{"title":"Correction to: Zooplankton secondary production: main methods, overview and perspectives from Brazilian studies","authors":"R. B. Setubal, Rodrigo Araújo Do Nascimento, R. Bozelli","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.675913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.675913","url":null,"abstract":"The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes. The correction to all is given below.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1895923.1026
B. Gonçalves, P. Giaquinto
Improving welfare in fish requires avoiding pain, stress, and suffering. Propofol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, seems to be a good candidate as a fish anaesthetic, however, no study regarding propofol influence on Nile tilapia has yet been reported. With this aim, the efficiency of propofol and benzocaine was compared as anesthetic for fish following immersion exposure. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was used as model due its importance in aquaculture, been the most important fish for human consumption, where 4.5 million tonnes of fish are produced worldwide. At first, determination of effective anaesthetic concentrations to induce complete anesthesia was determined, under immersion, considering time to start decubitus stage. Then the magnitude of these anesthetics was tested, measuring its effects on time remaining in decubitus, posture recovery, ventilatory frequency (VF) and latency to feed. Benzocaine induced reduction of VF under decubitus. After the anesthetic effects, VF returned quickly to basal levels. The same pattern was observed for propofol, however with no return to basal levels after recovery. Time to start decubitus was similar in both anesthetic, but time to return was higher in propofol. The latency to feed was longer in fishes submitted to propofol. Thus, propofol is a more powerful anesthetic than benzocaine in Nile tilapia, with longer duration and deeper effect. Although the common usage of propofol is by intravenous injection, here we show that immersion is efficient as an anesthetic in fish and could be adopted as a protocol in experimentation as well aquaculture management. Analgesia in fish is an area in need of significant research as only a few studies exist and they provide some contrasting results.
{"title":"Propofol and benzocaine anesthetics responses profiles in Nile tilapia","authors":"B. Gonçalves, P. Giaquinto","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1895923.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1895923.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Improving welfare in fish requires avoiding pain, stress, and suffering. Propofol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, seems to be a good candidate as a fish anaesthetic, however, no study regarding propofol influence on Nile tilapia has yet been reported. With this aim, the efficiency of propofol and benzocaine was compared as anesthetic for fish following immersion exposure. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was used as model due its importance in aquaculture, been the most important fish for human consumption, where 4.5 million tonnes of fish are produced worldwide. At first, determination of effective anaesthetic concentrations to induce complete anesthesia was determined, under immersion, considering time to start decubitus stage. Then the magnitude of these anesthetics was tested, measuring its effects on time remaining in decubitus, posture recovery, ventilatory frequency (VF) and latency to feed. Benzocaine induced reduction of VF under decubitus. After the anesthetic effects, VF returned quickly to basal levels. The same pattern was observed for propofol, however with no return to basal levels after recovery. Time to start decubitus was similar in both anesthetic, but time to return was higher in propofol. The latency to feed was longer in fishes submitted to propofol. Thus, propofol is a more powerful anesthetic than benzocaine in Nile tilapia, with longer duration and deeper effect. Although the common usage of propofol is by intravenous injection, here we show that immersion is efficient as an anesthetic in fish and could be adopted as a protocol in experimentation as well aquaculture management. Analgesia in fish is an area in need of significant research as only a few studies exist and they provide some contrasting results.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1894323.1019
D. Lajus, L. Lysenko, N. Kantserova, E. Tushina, T. Ivanova, N. Nemova
The paper studies the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of life-history traits, parasite invasion, and biochemical variables (e.g., tissue protein content and calpain activity) in adult and juvenile threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Samples were collected on three spawning grounds in Kandalaksha Bay, on the White Sea, located within a few kilometers of each other. These sites featured differences in temperature regime, water exchange, feed organism composition, predation load, aquatic vegetation, and spawner density. Whereas we found no parasite-related or size heterogeneity in adult fish on these grounds at the beginning of the spawning season, muscle protein reserves and protease (calpain) activity patterns in adults showed significant spatial heterogeneity, which increased as spawning progressed and was particularly pronounced in females. Sticklebacks expend much energy during spawning and are worn out by the end of the spawning period. To maintain individual viability, skeletal muscle proteins degrade, and the resulting amino acids are oxidized to produce energy. Protein-degrading calpains play a key role in these processes, and also mediate intense protein metabolism in juvenile stickleback, showing higher values in individuals growing under more favorable conditions. Thus, by studying the heterogeneous life-history traits and biochemical characteristics of adult and juvenile stickleback, we discovered the effects of environmental factors on their physiology, biochemical variables, and growth.
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of protein-degrading activity and life-history traits in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus","authors":"D. Lajus, L. Lysenko, N. Kantserova, E. Tushina, T. Ivanova, N. Nemova","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1894323.1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1894323.1019","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of life-history traits, parasite invasion, and biochemical variables (e.g., tissue protein content and calpain activity) in adult and juvenile threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Samples were collected on three spawning grounds in Kandalaksha Bay, on the White Sea, located within a few kilometers of each other. These sites featured differences in temperature regime, water exchange, feed organism composition, predation load, aquatic vegetation, and spawner density. Whereas we found no parasite-related or size heterogeneity in adult fish on these grounds at the beginning of the spawning season, muscle protein reserves and protease (calpain) activity patterns in adults showed significant spatial heterogeneity, which increased as spawning progressed and was particularly pronounced in females. Sticklebacks expend much energy during spawning and are worn out by the end of the spawning period. To maintain individual viability, skeletal muscle proteins degrade, and the resulting amino acids are oxidized to produce energy. Protein-degrading calpains play a key role in these processes, and also mediate intense protein metabolism in juvenile stickleback, showing higher values in individuals growing under more favorable conditions. Thus, by studying the heterogeneous life-history traits and biochemical characteristics of adult and juvenile stickleback, we discovered the effects of environmental factors on their physiology, biochemical variables, and growth.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1898558.1046
C. Rojas-García, I. Jiménez-García, E. Mendoza-Franco
The monogenean gyrodactylids and some ciliated protozoa species may cause ectoparasitic epidemics in tilapia hatcheries. An experimental framework was developed with fish reared during male reversal treatment. The infection dynamics were examined: mean intensity, prevalence, condition factor (K), fish growth and mortality. A total number of 3400 infected tilapia fish were transferred from high density (45 fish L-1) to a low-density tank (2 fish L-1). In the fish (0.012 ± 0.003 g) there were identified four ectoparasitic species; a worm, Gyrodactylus cichlidarum and 3 ciliated protozoa (Trichodina sp. Chilodonella sp. and Ambiphrya sp.). The infection dynamic examined during 31 days showed that the parasitic load and parasite richness for the different ecto-parasites demonstrated positive interspecific correlations, in spite of that, non-synergistic or antagonistic interactions were manifested. The condition factor K was strongly affected (p < 0.05) by G. cichlidarum during the course of infections. The growth and survival recovered after 31 days at low density.
{"title":"Ecto- parasitic infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry during male reversal in Veracruz, México","authors":"C. Rojas-García, I. Jiménez-García, E. Mendoza-Franco","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1898558.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1898558.1046","url":null,"abstract":"The monogenean gyrodactylids and some ciliated protozoa species may cause ectoparasitic epidemics in tilapia hatcheries. An experimental framework was developed with fish reared during male reversal treatment. The infection dynamics were examined: mean intensity, prevalence, condition factor (K), fish growth and mortality. A total number of 3400 infected tilapia fish were transferred from high density (45 fish L-1) to a low-density tank (2 fish L-1). In the fish (0.012 ± 0.003 g) there were identified four ectoparasitic species; a worm, Gyrodactylus cichlidarum and 3 ciliated protozoa (Trichodina sp. Chilodonella sp. and Ambiphrya sp.). The infection dynamic examined during 31 days showed that the parasitic load and parasite richness for the different ecto-parasites demonstrated positive interspecific correlations, in spite of that, non-synergistic or antagonistic interactions were manifested. The condition factor K was strongly affected (p < 0.05) by G. cichlidarum during the course of infections. The growth and survival recovered after 31 days at low density.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49643572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2020.1898177.1043
J. Loh, Alicia Hui-Ying Khor, K. Lai, H. Liew
Pb(II) biosorption of untreated (CA-UT), and treated or metal chloride-activated (CA-T) Azolla microphylla microencapsulated with calcium alginate were investigated for contact time, pH, and temperature in the present study. Pb(II) biosorption rate was recorded highest within the first hour at pH 4.5-5.0. Albeit, no significant difference at 25±2oC, and 40oC. The biosorption kinetics were further described by pseudo-first- and second-order and multi-linear intraparticle diffusion graphs. Results showed that R2 values was recorded at 0.4619 – 0.9912 in the pseudo-first-order model, while in the pseudo-second-order model, R2 values was recorded at 0.9936 – 1.000. These kinetic models indicated the biosorption process of Pb(II) is a complex mechanism and influenced by various factors predominantly the pH and time of exposure. Maximum lead removal efficiency for metal uptake was recorded at 2 mg of Pb(II) per gram of biosorbent at pH 4.5 – 5.0 at 25±2oC, and 40oC. The Pb(II) biosorption efficiency was generally increased from CA-UT < CA < CA-T. This study demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of A. microphylla in lead abatement, which could be a potential approach in phytoremediation for sewage treatment plant.
{"title":"Biosorption efficacy of alginate-immobilized live and metal chloride-activated Azolla microphylla in Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution","authors":"J. Loh, Alicia Hui-Ying Khor, K. Lai, H. Liew","doi":"10.22034/IAR.2020.1898177.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2020.1898177.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Pb(II) biosorption of untreated (CA-UT), and treated or metal chloride-activated (CA-T) Azolla microphylla microencapsulated with calcium alginate were investigated for contact time, pH, and temperature in the present study. Pb(II) biosorption rate was recorded highest within the first hour at pH 4.5-5.0. Albeit, no significant difference at 25±2oC, and 40oC. The biosorption kinetics were further described by pseudo-first- and second-order and multi-linear intraparticle diffusion graphs. Results showed that R2 values was recorded at 0.4619 – 0.9912 in the pseudo-first-order model, while in the pseudo-second-order model, R2 values was recorded at 0.9936 – 1.000. These kinetic models indicated the biosorption process of Pb(II) is a complex mechanism and influenced by various factors predominantly the pH and time of exposure. Maximum lead removal efficiency for metal uptake was recorded at 2 mg of Pb(II) per gram of biosorbent at pH 4.5 – 5.0 at 25±2oC, and 40oC. The Pb(II) biosorption efficiency was generally increased from CA-UT < CA < CA-T. This study demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of A. microphylla in lead abatement, which could be a potential approach in phytoremediation for sewage treatment plant.","PeriodicalId":13619,"journal":{"name":"International Aquatic Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：