Integrative Medicine Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Asparagus officinalis for burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Chen Shen ,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ti Wu ,&nbsp;Xin-Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Nicola Robinson ,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) lacks optimal treatments. This systematic review assessed <em>Asparagus officinalis</em>, a natural product with anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties, for managing this chronic pain disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and four Chinese databases were searched until February, 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with BMS. <em>Asparagus officinalis</em> products alone or in combination with conventional medications were included. Outcomes included pain, symptoms, psychological outcomes and salivary function. The GRADE approach was used to assess evidence certainty.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six RCTs with 336 participants were included. Compared to vitamin B complex alone, <em>Asparagus officinalis</em> capsules alone significantly improved the pain-intensity-based effective rate (RR 6.00, 95 % CI [1.61, 22.34]). Compared to conventional medicines, <em>Asparagus officinalis</em> capsules with conventional medicines significantly increased subjective pain scores (MD 1.51, 95 % CI [1.19, 1.83]), symptom-based effective rate (RR 1.27, 95 % CI [1.14, 1.42]), daily water intake score (MD 1.32, 95 % CI [1.00, 1.64]), sleep duration score (MD 1.88, 95 % CI [1.61, 2.15]), and decreased anxiety and depression scores, while <em>Asparagus officinalis</em> oral liquid combined with mecobalamin significantly reduced 10-point VAS (MD -1.40, 95 % CI [-2.19, -0.61]) and increased the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR).The certainty of evidence was all graded as low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Asparagus officinalis</em> products may improve pain intensity, symptoms, psychological outcomes, and salivary function in patients with BMS. However, the low certainty of evidence due to study limitations and small sample sizes suggests the need for well-designed, large-scale real-world studies to confirm these findings and establish their clinical applicability.</div></div><div><h3>Protocol registration</h3><div>PROSPERO (CRD420250651920).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prompt engineering for generative artificial intelligence chatbots in health research: A practical guide for traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine researchers","authors":"Jeremy Y. Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in health research to support a range of academic and clinical activities. While increasingly adopted in biomedical research, their application in traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) remains underexplored. TCIM presents unique challenges, including complex interventions, culturally embedded practices, and variable terminology. This article provides a practical, evidence-informed guide to help TCIM researchers engage responsibly with GenAI chatbots through prompt engineering, the design of clear, structured, and purposeful prompts to improve output relevance and accuracy. The guide outlines strategies to tailor GenAI chatbot interactions to the methodological and epistemological diversity of TCIM. It presents use cases across the research process, including research question development, study design, literature searches, selection of reporting guidelines and appraisal tools, quantitative and qualitative analysis, writing and dissemination, and implementation planning. For each stage, the guide offers examples and best practices while emphasizing that AI-generated content should always serve as a starting point, not a final product, and must be reviewed and verified using credible sources. Potential risks such as hallucinated outputs, embedded bias, and ethical challenges are discussed, particularly in culturally sensitive contexts. Transparency in GenAI chatbot use and researcher accountability are emphasized as essential principles. While GenAI chatbots can expand access to research support and foster innovation in TCIM, they cannot substitute for critical thinking, methodological rigour, or domain-specific expertise. Used responsibly, GenAI chatbots can augment human judgment and contribute meaningfully to the evolution of TCIM scholarship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving evidence synthesis: Clarifying explanatory and effectiveness randomized clinical trials in complementary and integrative medicine","authors":"Susan Arentz","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation: a potential bridge linking traditional Chinese medicine and AI-driven transformation in modern healthcare","authors":"Fan Qu ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture versus cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety among cancer survivors with insomnia: An exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Eunbin Kwag ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Li ,&nbsp;Sheila Garland ,&nbsp;Karolina Bryl ,&nbsp;Lauren Taylor ,&nbsp;Qing S. Li ,&nbsp;Lindsay Amann ,&nbsp;Jun J. Mao ,&nbsp;Kelly M. McConnell","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anxiety and insomnia frequently co-occur among cancer survivors and are strongly interconnected, yet no widely accepted intervention simultaneously targets both symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from a dual-center, parallel-group, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial evaluating acupuncture versus CBT-I for insomnia. Seventy-six participants with baseline Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) scores of ≥8 were included. Both interventions were administered over eight weeks, with follow-up until 20 weeks. Anxiety was assessed at baseline, week 8, and week 20 using HADS-A. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine mean change in HADS-A scores. Additionally, responder analyses were conducted, with insomnia and anxiety responders defined as patients demonstrating clinically meaningful improvements in either outcome by week 8.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both CBT-I and acupuncture significantly reduced HADS-A scores at week 8 (CBT-I: -3.75; acupuncture: -3.14) and week 20 (CBT-I: -3.05; acupuncture: -2.66) compared to baseline (all p &lt; 0.001). There was no between-group difference (p=0.85). In responder analyses, CBT-I showed greater anxiety reduction in insomnia responders (-4.62) than non-responders (-0.45), at both time points (week 8: <em>p</em>=0.0046; week 20: <em>p</em>=0.038). In the acupuncture group, the difference in anxiety reduction between insomnia responders (-3.96) and non-responders (-1.58) was not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both acupuncture and CBT-I effectively manage comorbid anxiety and insomnia in cancer survivors. Acupuncture may address these symptoms independently, while CBT-I may improve them in an interconnected manner.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov registration (NCT02356575).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of Gunryeong-tang on the cardio-renal axis in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Se Won Na ,&nbsp;Hye Yoom Kim ,&nbsp;Jung Joo Yoon ,&nbsp;Mi Hyeon Hong ,&nbsp;Ai Lin Tai ,&nbsp;Yun Jeong Yang ,&nbsp;Chae Yeon Yoo ,&nbsp;Ho Sub Lee ,&nbsp;Dae Gill Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background:</em> In the realm of cardiovascular and renal health, the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation within the cardio-renal axis plays a pivotal role. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Gunryeong-tang (GRT), a traditional Korean herbal formula combining Oryeongsan (Wulingsan) and Sagunza-tang (Sijunzi-tang), specifically in addressing cardio-renal axis dysfunction induced by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-r). <em>Methods:</em> PAH-r models were induced through intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT) at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days to simulate pulmonary hypertension, a common cause of cardio-renal syndrome. The primary focus is on evaluating its anti-fibroinflammatory effects and its ability to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. The treatment group received oral administration of GRT (100 mg/kg/day). <em>Results</em>: Various parameters were assessed, including right ventricular (RV) enlargement and fibrosis, lung weight, pulmonary fibrosis, expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers, and involvement of specific pathways (TGF-β/p-Smad2 and HMGB-1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB). Renal dysfunction markers, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), glomerular dilatation, tubular fibrosis, and protein expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were evaluated to highlight the formula's anti-fibroinflammatory effects. Treatment resulted in significant improvements in the PAH-r group. It alleviated RV enlargement and fibrosis, suppressed lung weight increase, and mitigated pulmonary fibrosis. The administration downregulated cardiac hypertrophy markers (CTGF, TGF-β, and α-SMA mRNA levels) and inhibited the TGF-β/p-Smad2 and HMGB-1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways, showcasing GRT's anti-fibroinflammatory properties. Additionally, the treatment ameliorated renal dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced BUN and Ccr levels, improved glomerular dilatation, and reduced protein expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. GRT demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in managing cardio-renal axis dysfunction induced by PAH-r, emphasizing its multifaceted benefits in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation within this axis. <em>Conclusions</em>: This study provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, highlighting the modulation of cardiac hypertrophy markers and specific pathways. These findings underscore the promising role of GRT as a viable treatment option for cardio-renal axis dysfunction associated with PAH-r.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national survey on the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and artificial intelligence: attitudes and perceptions from the individuals with health needs","authors":"Xinyin Hu ,&nbsp;Yinger Gu ,&nbsp;Hye Won Lee ,&nbsp;Xiaoteng Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Xinyue Li ,&nbsp;Qiaoping Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Huang ,&nbsp;Lisi Wang ,&nbsp;Nv Xia ,&nbsp;Wenjie Wu ,&nbsp;Lingling Lou ,&nbsp;Pingchun Yang ,&nbsp;Ke Ren ,&nbsp;Jinglu Guo ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Longlong Fan ,&nbsp;Zheng Yao ,&nbsp;Guomei You ,&nbsp;Fan Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an indispensable role in the healthcare system. Artificial intelligence (AI) opens a new pathway for TCM modernization, while also addressing critical healthcare challenges. The present national survey was conducted to assess the attitudes and perceptions of individuals with health needs regarding the integration of TCM with AI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional national survey was conducted at 13 medical institutions across China. A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered to 2587 individuals with health needs, including patients seeking TCM/Western medical treatment and individuals undergoing routine physical examinations, between June 27th and July 11th, 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1641 (63.4 %) respondents were familiar with the TCM-AI equipment, and 61.7 % respondents were willing to try TCM diagnosis and treatment services combined with AI. 43.5 % respondents trusted the diagnosis results provided by the TCM-AI equipment. In the subgroup analysis, respondents aged 18–34, with a bachelor's degree or associate's degree as their educational background, and working as employees of state organs, showed greater acceptance and trust towards the integration of TCM and AI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.005). The top three most promising applications were the intelligent syndrome differentiation system (46.9 %), TCM four diagnostic instruments (39.9 %), and intelligent TCM formula (39.0 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The integration of TCM and AI demonstrates promising acceptance among health-seeking individuals in China, with younger and educated populations who have health demands for TCM showing particularly high trust, and intelligent syndrome differentiation systems highlight a clear pathway for AI to modernize TCM practice by augmenting diagnostic accuracy and treatment personalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and perception of generative artificial intelligence in traditional Korean medicine education: A cross-sectional survey of undergraduate students in Korea","authors":"Seungwon Shin ,&nbsp;Jihyun Sang ,&nbsp;Ji-sun You","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the usage, awareness, and satisfaction related to generative AI (GenAI) among undergraduate students at a Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) college in Korea and to identify factors associated with GenAI use and satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured questionnaire consisting of 56 items across six domains was administered, covering demographics, general and TKM-specific GenAI use, satisfaction, educational experiences, and future expectations. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and correlation analysis were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 234 students across six academic years participated in the survey. Most respondents were aware of GenAI (88.5 %) and used it for general purposes (79.9 %). However, only 16.2 % actively used it for TKM learning. While 70.4 % were satisfied with using GenAI in general, only 45.8 % felt satisfied with its use for TKM education. Factors significantly associated with GenAI use or satisfaction included enrollment in the TKM curriculum, older age, prior major, scholarship receipt, and self-directed GenAI learning. Although only 18.8 % had experienced GenAI in formal TKM courses, 96.2 % viewed GenAI as necessary in TKM education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A notable gap exists between students’ interest and the limited integration of GenAI in TKM curricula. To close this gap, GenAI should be systematically incorporated into educational programs, accompanied by faculty training and institutional support to enhance students’ digital readiness and learning outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using artificial intelligence for the development of a living evidence map: The pharmacopuncture example","authors":"Chan-Young Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence map is a tool that visualizes the research status to identify research gaps and set priorities, but it has the limitation of the burden of continuous literature monitoring. Pharmacopuncture is a therapeutic modality used in Korean medicine that involves the injection of medicinal extracts into acupoints. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated system for building and maintaining a living evidence map in the field of pharmacopuncture research and verify its performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A web-based system that automates literature search, selection, data extraction, and classification using PubMed API and Gemini AI was developed. The accuracy of nine tasks was evaluated and time efficiency was measured using manual review by experts as a standard reference. A visualization system using interactive bubble charts was implemented to provide a research gap identification function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AI system achieved an overall accuracy of 94.00% (error rate of 6.00%) for 202 articles, including detailed data extraction for 90 articles. Task-specific performance varied from sample size extraction (0% error rate) to pharmacopuncture name extraction (22.22% error rate), with high accuracy of over 90% in most tasks. Time efficiency was improved by 68.9% (190 vs. 59 minutes, including quality control), demonstrating that daily updates are practically feasible.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The developed visualization system significantly improves the existing static evidence organization method by intuitively identifying research gaps. The AI-based living evidence map enables continuous evidence monitoring in the field of pharmacopuncture research with high accuracy and significant time savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national survey on how to improve the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and artificial intelligence: Attitudes and perceptions from medical staff","authors":"Yinger Gu ,&nbsp;Xinyin Hu ,&nbsp;Hye Won Lee ,&nbsp;Zheng Yao ,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Nv Xia ,&nbsp;Pingchun Yang ,&nbsp;Jinglu Guo ,&nbsp;Haifeng Huang ,&nbsp;Lisi Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Qiaoping Zhao ,&nbsp;Lingling Lou ,&nbsp;Wenjie Wu ,&nbsp;Ke Ren ,&nbsp;Guomei You ,&nbsp;Longlong Fan ,&nbsp;Jue Zhou ,&nbsp;Fangfang Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the significant development of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years, the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) urgently require the help of AI technology. The present study was to evaluate the attitudes and perceptions of medical staff towards the integration of TCM and AI development.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional national survey was conducted at 13 medical institutions across China. A structured and self-reported questionnaire, consisting of six sections with a total of 14 items, was administered to 1100 medical staff between June 27th and July 11th, 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the process of clinical practice, 62.1 % of medical staff were willing to try TCM diagnosis and treatment services combined with AI. The top three important processes of integration of TCM and AI were medical research, personalized generation of regimen, and intelligent inquiry. The top three concerns about the potential risks associated with the integration of TCM and AI were the misinterpretation of cultural contexts, flexibility in dialectical treatment, and simplification of traditional TCM experience by algorithms. The top three most promising applications were the intelligent syndrome differentiation system (54.6 %), the TCM four diagnostic instruments (49.1 %), and the acupuncture and Tui Na robot (47.8 %). The top three most important factors in the application of AI in TCM were accuracy (78.0 %), convenience of operation (67.5 %), and participation of medical staff (60.9 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The integration of TCM and AI has a brilliant and promising future, prioritizing diagnostic accuracy while addressing cultural/clinical adaptation challenges in key applications, such as syndrome differentiation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}