Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2019/v10i130109
Y. Yakubu, M. Busu, Nfrongeh Joseph Fuh, O. Toyosi, A. Aisha, Usoroh Mary, Daniel Oluwaseun Christiana, A. A. Raji
Introduction: Biochemical and hematological abnormalities are among most common clinico-pathological manifestations of HIV/AIDS infected persons on antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are known to influence progression and management of HIV infection. Data are limited regarding the impact of ARDs on HIV/HCV co-infected persons in Nigeria. Hence, this study evaluated the biochemical and hematological impact of HCV on prognosis of HIV persons taking ARDs. Materials and Methods: 2,322 HIV infected persons were screened for HCV. One hundred and nine were co-infected with HCV; and were cross-sectional monitored on ARDs for fifteen months at hospitals in North Central Nigeria for changes in clinical profiles. The determination of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cells count (WBC) estimations were reviewed every 3 months for each of the person using Reflotron plus machine and hematological analyzer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The results showed an increase in both HIV mono-infected and co-infected patients, with raised in AST from 18.46±0.73 to 34.32±0.6053U/l, ALT from 19.37±0.6804 to 34.87±0.5637U/l, PCV from 34.20±0.2998 to 34.89±0.4895% and WBC from 3.50x109±0.0816 to 6.67x109±0.1204 cells/L and AST from 17.35±0.1542 to 34.49±0.0981U/l, ALT from 17.67±0.1412 to 34.80±0915U/l, PCV from 36.74±0.2902 to 38.37±0.4399% and WBC from 3.90x109±0.0251 to 6.19x109±0.0178 cells/L. Conclusion: It was found that PCV and WBC count values were positively affected despite HCV replication and AST and ALT enzyme levels for both HIV-mono and co-infected persons were slightly elevated. Therefore, efforts addressing viral hepatitis co-infections at the early stage of ARDs initiation under qualified clinician should be of paramount important.
{"title":"Biochemical and Hematological Impact of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Drugs (ARDs) in Nigeria","authors":"Y. Yakubu, M. Busu, Nfrongeh Joseph Fuh, O. Toyosi, A. Aisha, Usoroh Mary, Daniel Oluwaseun Christiana, A. A. Raji","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2019/v10i130109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2019/v10i130109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Biochemical and hematological abnormalities are among most common clinico-pathological manifestations of HIV/AIDS infected persons on antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are known to influence progression and management of HIV infection. Data are limited regarding the impact of ARDs on HIV/HCV co-infected persons in Nigeria. Hence, this study evaluated the biochemical and hematological impact of HCV on prognosis of HIV persons taking ARDs. \u0000Materials and Methods: 2,322 HIV infected persons were screened for HCV. One hundred and nine were co-infected with HCV; and were cross-sectional monitored on ARDs for fifteen months at hospitals in North Central Nigeria for changes in clinical profiles. The determination of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cells count (WBC) estimations were reviewed every 3 months for each of the person using Reflotron plus machine and hematological analyzer according to the manufacturer’s instructions. \u0000Results: The results showed an increase in both HIV mono-infected and co-infected patients, with raised in AST from 18.46±0.73 to 34.32±0.6053U/l, ALT from 19.37±0.6804 to 34.87±0.5637U/l, PCV from 34.20±0.2998 to 34.89±0.4895% and WBC from 3.50x109±0.0816 to 6.67x109±0.1204 cells/L and AST from 17.35±0.1542 to 34.49±0.0981U/l, ALT from 17.67±0.1412 to 34.80±0915U/l, PCV from 36.74±0.2902 to 38.37±0.4399% and WBC from 3.90x109±0.0251 to 6.19x109±0.0178 cells/L. \u0000Conclusion: It was found that PCV and WBC count values were positively affected despite HCV replication and AST and ALT enzyme levels for both HIV-mono and co-infected persons were slightly elevated. Therefore, efforts addressing viral hepatitis co-infections at the early stage of ARDs initiation under qualified clinician should be of paramount important.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78531812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-05DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430108
S. Christian, E. Eze, Ndueghe Ebenezer Nkom
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of blood storage using CPDA-1 on packed cell volume, methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin in different ABO/Rhesus blood types donated by some residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: This is a comparative study aimed at evaluating the effect of storage on the levels of methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and packed cell volume using CPDA-1. A total of eight donors were recruited with each sample obtained from the eight (8) known blood groups A+,B+,O+,AB+, A-,B-,O-,AB- and analysis of samples were in triplicate. The donors were adult males with age ranging from 35-45 years and they were apparently healthy and free from transfusion transmissible infections. The different blood group samples were stored for 30 days and samples for analysis were collected at 5 days interval. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. All blood donors were residents of Port Harcourt. Blood donated was stored at Military Hospital Blood Bank, Port Harcourt, in a blood bag of 450 ml containing 63 ml of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). The analysis was carried out at Rivers State University, Post Graduate Laboratory within March 1st to May 27th, 2019. Methodology: A total of eight (8) different ABO/Rhesus blood types (A+,B+,AB+,O+,A-,B-,AB- and O-) were collected and stored using a blood bank refrigerator at temperature of 4°C. Day 0 was taken to be control and 5 days intervals in-between to day 30 acted as the test. Packed cell volume was estimated using micro-haematocrit method while oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels were estimated spectrophotometrically as described by Evelyn and Malloy. Results: The result showed a significant decrease in mean packed cell volume, oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels compared to a higher mean of these parameters in the control; and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) across all blood groups under study. The decrease in values were as a result of haemolysis that occurs during storage. Conclusion: Storage of blood irrespective of the blood group type using CPDA-1 for 30 days indicates that there are “storage lesions”. This is attributed to red cell haemolysis and ageing of red blood cells. In general, all blood types showed no significant difference in their haematological (packed cell volume, methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin) characteristic deterioration or storage lesion based on blood type differences. It is therefore necessary to state that storage lesion characteristics are the same irrespective of the blood type, and that fresh blood be transfused, and if blood is stored, prolonged storage beyond 10 days should be avoided.
{"title":"Assessment of Blood Storage Effect Using CPDA-1 on Packed Cell Volume, Oxyhaemoglobin and Methaemoglobin in Different ABO/Rhesus Blood Types","authors":"S. Christian, E. Eze, Ndueghe Ebenezer Nkom","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430108","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of blood storage using CPDA-1 on packed cell volume, methaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin in different ABO/Rhesus blood types donated by some residents of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: This is a comparative study aimed at evaluating the effect of storage on the levels of methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and packed cell volume using CPDA-1. A total of eight donors were recruited with each sample obtained from the eight (8) known blood groups A+,B+,O+,AB+, A-,B-,O-,AB- and analysis of samples were in triplicate. The donors were adult males with age ranging from 35-45 years and they were apparently healthy and free from transfusion transmissible infections. The different blood group samples were stored for 30 days and samples for analysis were collected at 5 days interval. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. All blood donors were residents of Port Harcourt. Blood donated was stored at Military Hospital Blood Bank, Port Harcourt, in a blood bag of 450 ml containing 63 ml of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). The analysis was carried out at Rivers State University, Post Graduate Laboratory within March 1st to May 27th, 2019. \u0000Methodology: A total of eight (8) different ABO/Rhesus blood types (A+,B+,AB+,O+,A-,B-,AB- and O-) were collected and stored using a blood bank refrigerator at temperature of 4°C. Day 0 was taken to be control and 5 days intervals in-between to day 30 acted as the test. Packed cell volume was estimated using micro-haematocrit method while oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels were estimated spectrophotometrically as described by Evelyn and Malloy. \u0000Results: The result showed a significant decrease in mean packed cell volume, oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels compared to a higher mean of these parameters in the control; and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) across all blood groups under study. The decrease in values were as a result of haemolysis that occurs during storage. \u0000Conclusion: Storage of blood irrespective of the blood group type using CPDA-1 for 30 days indicates that there are “storage lesions”. This is attributed to red cell haemolysis and ageing of red blood cells. In general, all blood types showed no significant difference in their haematological (packed cell volume, methaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin) characteristic deterioration or storage lesion based on blood type differences. It is therefore necessary to state that storage lesion characteristics are the same irrespective of the blood type, and that fresh blood be transfused, and if blood is stored, prolonged storage beyond 10 days should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74900031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2019/v9i430107
I. Yavaşoğlu, Nadide Gencer, Fulden Cantaş, F. Doğer, Z. Bolaman
Purpose: Splenectomy is used as the second line therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, there is no parameter predicting splenectomy decision. Thrombopoietin is the main regulator of platelet count through its receptor c-mpl. The aim of the present study was to evaluate immune histochemical Cloned Myeloid Leukemia Virus (c-mpl) positivity in bone marrow specimens of ITP patients with or without splenectomy indications. Methods: Pre-splenectomy bone marrow was stained for c-mpl, that was taken from 24 patients with ITP and who had splenectomy as well as bone marrow samples from 30 patients with ITP who did not have splenectomy. Results: c-mpl negativity was higher in splenectomized patients (n: 23) compared to patients without splenectomy (n:18). A significant difference was found for platelet counts before and after splenectomy. Our study show that, c-mpl positivity was statistically significant in patient group who did not have splenectomy. In the patient group who had the splenectomy, c-mpl was not associated with refractory status. Conclusion: The significant level of c-mpl negativity might be the useful parameter for splenectomy indication in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.
{"title":"Can Histochemical c-mpl Positivity in Bone Marrow be a Predictor for Splenectomy in Immune Thrombocytopenia?","authors":"I. Yavaşoğlu, Nadide Gencer, Fulden Cantaş, F. Doğer, Z. Bolaman","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2019/v9i430107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2019/v9i430107","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Splenectomy is used as the second line therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, there is no parameter predicting splenectomy decision. Thrombopoietin is the main regulator of platelet count through its receptor c-mpl. The aim of the present study was to evaluate immune histochemical Cloned Myeloid Leukemia Virus (c-mpl) positivity in bone marrow specimens of ITP patients with or without splenectomy indications. \u0000Methods: Pre-splenectomy bone marrow was stained for c-mpl, that was taken from 24 patients with ITP and who had splenectomy as well as bone marrow samples from 30 patients with ITP who did not have splenectomy. \u0000Results: c-mpl negativity was higher in splenectomized patients (n: 23) compared to patients without splenectomy (n:18). A significant difference was found for platelet counts before and after splenectomy. Our study show that, c-mpl positivity was statistically significant in patient group who did not have splenectomy. In the patient group who had the splenectomy, c-mpl was not associated with refractory status. \u0000Conclusion: The significant level of c-mpl negativity might be the useful parameter for splenectomy indication in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84650818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-24DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430106
P. Gupta, D. Sharma, U. Yadav, J. Bindal
Background: Platelet aphaeresis is an essential procedure, which meets the demand of single donor platelets (SDP) effectively. The procedure is well tolerated by donors with fewer side effects. Adverse events in Platelet aphaeresis have been reported from as low as 0.32 to 6.81%. Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to ascertain adverse events observed in a large cohort of platelet aphaeresis procedures and determining management strategies to resolve them. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from January 2012 to May 2019 in Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Donors for Platelet aphaeresis were selected based on the standard criteria of National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2017 and Platelet aphaeresis protocol. Leukoreduced SDP were collected by Haemonetics® MCS +, having Leukoreduction bag system. Adverse events encountered were noted and categorized. Results: A total number of 1600 Plateletpheresis procedures were conducted to prepare SDP and transfused to 1054 patients. A total of 24 out of 1600 plateletaphaeresis procedures reported adverse events (1.5%). Donor related adverse events were 16 (66.6%), Kit related 4 (16.66%) procedure related were 4 (16.66%). Three out of 24 procedures were terminated prematurely, 1 due to severe hypocalcaemia (ACD effect) in donor and 2 due to bowl leakage. Conclusion: Platelet aphaeresis is a safe procedure for donors if done expertly while exercising caution. Adverse events reported are minimal and manageable.
{"title":"Adverse Events Encountered in Platelet Aphaeresis Procedure and Their Management: A Retrospective Study","authors":"P. Gupta, D. Sharma, U. Yadav, J. Bindal","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Platelet aphaeresis is an essential procedure, which meets the demand of single donor platelets (SDP) effectively. The procedure is well tolerated by donors with fewer side effects. Adverse events in Platelet aphaeresis have been reported from as low as 0.32 to 6.81%. \u0000Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to ascertain adverse events observed in a large cohort of platelet aphaeresis procedures and determining management strategies to resolve them. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study, from January 2012 to May 2019 in Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Donors for Platelet aphaeresis were selected based on the standard criteria of National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines 2017 and Platelet aphaeresis protocol. Leukoreduced SDP were collected by Haemonetics® MCS +, having Leukoreduction bag system. Adverse events encountered were noted and categorized. \u0000Results: A total number of 1600 Plateletpheresis procedures were conducted to prepare SDP and transfused to 1054 patients. A total of 24 out of 1600 plateletaphaeresis procedures reported adverse events (1.5%). Donor related adverse events were 16 (66.6%), Kit related 4 (16.66%) procedure related were 4 (16.66%). Three out of 24 procedures were terminated prematurely, 1 due to severe hypocalcaemia (ACD effect) in donor and 2 due to bowl leakage. \u0000Conclusion: Platelet aphaeresis is a safe procedure for donors if done expertly while exercising caution. Adverse events reported are minimal and manageable.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78138137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430105
A. T. Nnadiukwu, C. Monago-Ighorodje, L. C. Chuku
Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture on some haematological indices of diabetic Wistar albino rats. Sample: Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated in diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture. Study Design: In the course of the experiment, fifty-four (54) rats with initial weight range of 30 – 40 g were grouped into 6 of 9 rats per group. The first group served as the normal control (NC) while the remaining five groups were induced with diabetes type 2 using high-fat diet for 8 weeks and streptozotocin at 35 mg/kg body weight. Group II served as the diabetic control while the remaining groups (III, IV, V & VI) were treated with metformin and three different concentrations of the plant extract respectively. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Animal house of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, between July 2018 and January 2019. Methodology: The haemoglobin and packed cell volume were estimated after 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment using MINDRAY Auto-Haematology analyzer. Results: From the results obtained, it was observed that the diabetic control group has a PCV and haemoglobin concentration that is significantly (P<.05) lower when compared to that of the normal control group and the other treated groups. Conclusion: The study has shown that Aju Mbaise herbal mixture is a haematopoietic agent as it had the tendency to synthesize blood cells.
目的:研究阿菊白芷合剂乙醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠血液学指标的影响。样品:用阿菊黄合剂乙醇提取物处理糖尿病大鼠，测定其堆积细胞体积(PCV)和血红蛋白(Hb)浓度。研究设计:实验过程中，54只初始体重为30 ~ 40g的大鼠，每组9只，分为6只。第一组为正常对照组(NC)，其余5组采用高脂饮食和35 mg/kg体重链脲佐菌素诱导2型糖尿病8周。II组作为糖尿病对照组，其余组(III, IV, V和VI)分别给予二甲双胍和三种不同浓度的植物提取物。研究地点和时间:研究于2018年7月至2019年1月在哈科特港大学基础临床科学学院药学系动物馆进行。方法:在治疗第4周、第8周和第12周后，使用MINDRAY自动血液学分析仪评估血红蛋白和堆积细胞体积。结果:与正常对照组及其他治疗组相比，糖尿病对照组的PCV和血红蛋白浓度显著(P< 0.05)降低。结论:阿朱白芷合剂具有合成血细胞的倾向，是一种造血剂。
{"title":"Haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocine-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Ethanol Extract of a Herbal Mixture (Aju Mbaise)","authors":"A. T. Nnadiukwu, C. Monago-Ighorodje, L. C. Chuku","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430105","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture on some haematological indices of diabetic Wistar albino rats. \u0000Sample: Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated in diabetic rats treated with ethanol extract of Aju Mbaise herbal mixture. \u0000Study Design: In the course of the experiment, fifty-four (54) rats with initial weight range of 30 – 40 g were grouped into 6 of 9 rats per group. The first group served as the normal control (NC) while the remaining five groups were induced with diabetes type 2 using high-fat diet for 8 weeks and streptozotocin at 35 mg/kg body weight. Group II served as the diabetic control while the remaining groups (III, IV, V & VI) were treated with metformin and three different concentrations of the plant extract respectively. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Animal house of the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, between July 2018 and January 2019. \u0000Methodology: The haemoglobin and packed cell volume were estimated after 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment using MINDRAY Auto-Haematology analyzer. \u0000Results: From the results obtained, it was observed that the diabetic control group has a PCV and haemoglobin concentration that is significantly (P<.05) lower when compared to that of the normal control group and the other treated groups. \u0000Conclusion: The study has shown that Aju Mbaise herbal mixture is a haematopoietic agent as it had the tendency to synthesize blood cells.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-08DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430104
G. Ekpo, E. Ofem, S. Bassey, K. Abam, I. Arikpo, J. Enobong, S. Ufot, V. Ekam
Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis. Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract. Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias. Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.
{"title":"Antipuritive Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Moringa oliefera on Alcohol-induced Haematoxicity in Wistar Rats","authors":"G. Ekpo, E. Ofem, S. Bassey, K. Abam, I. Arikpo, J. Enobong, S. Ufot, V. Ekam","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I430104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats. \u0000Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis. \u0000Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract. Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias. \u0000Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84944072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-02DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330103
P. Gupta, D. Sharma, U. Yadav, J. Bindal, K. Pandey
Background: Viral hepatitis is a global health problem with 170 million Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) carriers worldwide, and 12-13 million HCV carriers in India. Unscreened blood and components play a significant role in transmission of HCV apart from reuse of injection needles, unsterilized surgical equipments and vertical transmission from mother to child. Unsafe blood transfusion not only poses risk to patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality, but also adds to the economical burden on healthcare system. Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV infection among the voluntary and relative donors over a period of 7 years at blood banks of Madhya Pradesh with collaboration of Madhya Pradesh State AIDS control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal, India from 2011 to 2017. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of blood donation at blood banks, of Madhya Pradesh, India. Blood units were screened for TTIs from January 2011 To December 2017. HIV, HCV and HBV tests were done by ELISA. Data of HCV was collected and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi Square (χ 2) test was used to determine the significant difference statistically. Results: The mean age of donors was 32.4 2 ± 8.63 years. Major contribution was from male donors (93.8%). Majority of donation was done voluntarily (87.3 %). Out of the total 1,876,219 donors tested for TTIs over 7 years, 1980 (0.11%) were positive to anti HCV (p=.000001). Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.11% among blood donors of Madhya Pradesh, with geographic variation among districts. Aiming to provide safe blood to the patients, prevention of transmission of HCV by proper donor counseling and screening of the unit is required.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Blood Donors at Madhya Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Study","authors":"P. Gupta, D. Sharma, U. Yadav, J. Bindal, K. Pandey","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viral hepatitis is a global health problem with 170 million Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) carriers worldwide, and 12-13 million HCV carriers in India. \u0000Unscreened blood and components play a significant role in transmission of HCV apart from reuse of injection needles, unsterilized surgical equipments and vertical transmission from mother to child. Unsafe blood transfusion not only poses risk to patients, causing significant morbidity and mortality, but also adds to the economical burden on healthcare system. \u0000Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV infection among the voluntary and relative donors over a period of 7 years at blood banks of Madhya Pradesh with collaboration of Madhya Pradesh State AIDS control Society (MPSACS) Bhopal, India from 2011 to 2017. \u0000Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of blood donation at blood banks, of Madhya Pradesh, India. Blood units were screened for TTIs from January 2011 To December 2017. HIV, HCV and HBV tests were done by ELISA. Data of HCV was collected and compared statistically by frequency distribution and percentage proportion. Chi Square (χ 2) test was used to determine the significant difference statistically. \u0000Results: The mean age of donors was 32.4 2 ± 8.63 years. Major contribution was from male donors (93.8%). Majority of donation was done voluntarily (87.3 %). Out of the total 1,876,219 donors tested for TTIs over 7 years, 1980 (0.11%) were positive to anti HCV (p=.000001). \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.11% among blood donors of Madhya Pradesh, with geographic variation among districts. Aiming to provide safe blood to the patients, prevention of transmission of HCV by proper donor counseling and screening of the unit is required.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78578128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-26DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330102
N. Ugwu, C. Ugwu, Wilberforce Oti, C. Uneke
Background: Blood transfusion service is an indispensable component of health care. Despite the increased demand for blood, the supply of safe blood has been inadequate. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of blood donation practices among medical students in Abakaliki. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Ebonyi State University Abakaliki between October 2017 and March 2018. Stratified sampling technique was used to recruit participants from medical students using pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, to assess their pattern of blood donation practices. Data was analysed using SPSS software, version 20. Results: One hundred and fifty eight medical students who participated in the study were made up of 90 (58.4%) males and 68 (41.6%) females. The most prevalent age group was 20 to 25years. One hundred and forty three (93%) of the participants were single. The most common blood group was O Rh positive, followed by A Rh positive then B Rh positive while AB Rh negative was the least. Majority of the participants have never donated blood. The minority who have ever donated blood, donated either once or twice and the donation was made for a family member or friend. Conclusion: Participants were found to have poor pattern of blood donation practices. Misconception, fear, cultural and religious influences deter people from practicing voluntary non-remunerated blood donation. Conducting awareness and enlightenment programs regularly will help to keep them well informed and motivated to practice voluntary non-remunerated blood donation.
{"title":"Pattern of Blood Donation Practices among Students of a Nigerian University","authors":"N. Ugwu, C. Ugwu, Wilberforce Oti, C. Uneke","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood transfusion service is an indispensable component of health care. Despite the increased demand for blood, the supply of safe blood has been inadequate. \u0000Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of blood donation practices among medical students in Abakaliki. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Ebonyi State University Abakaliki between October 2017 and March 2018. Stratified sampling technique was used to recruit participants from medical students using pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, to assess their pattern of blood donation practices. Data was analysed using SPSS software, version 20. \u0000Results: One hundred and fifty eight medical students who participated in the study were made up of 90 (58.4%) males and 68 (41.6%) females. The most prevalent age group was 20 to 25years. One hundred and forty three (93%) of the participants were single. The most common blood group was O Rh positive, followed by A Rh positive then B Rh positive while AB Rh negative was the least. Majority of the participants have never donated blood. The minority who have ever donated blood, donated either once or twice and the donation was made for a family member or friend. \u0000Conclusion: Participants were found to have poor pattern of blood donation practices. Misconception, fear, cultural and religious influences deter people from practicing voluntary non-remunerated blood donation. Conducting awareness and enlightenment programs regularly will help to keep them well informed and motivated to practice voluntary non-remunerated blood donation.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86831389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330101
E. Eze, S. Christian, Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Z. Jeremiah, Iminabo Diada Walter Chuku
Aim: This study assessed the level of plasma haemoglobin concentration in CPDA-1 stored blood with a view to determine the extent of haemolysis during the 35 days storage period. Study Design: This is an observational and comparative case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using healthy male donors residing in Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out at the Blood Bank of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, formerly Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, from February 1st to March 8th, 2017. Methodology: Blood for transfusion was collected from prospective male blood donor found to be in good health, aged between 18 and 52 years, with haemoglobin level within the range of 13.5 g/dl – 16 g/dl, body weight within 55 kg – 75 kg, and body temperature within 37.0 to 37.50C / 99.50F, into plastic bags containing anticoagulant CPDA-1, and handled under strict sterile condition to prevent bacterial contamination. The blood was stored in a blood bank refrigerator with a constant temperature of +2 to +60C under proper inspection at intervals for colour, turbidity, haemolysis and clot formation. Two milliliters of the sample was collected aseptically at different interval days of collection from the blood bag and analyzed using the HemoCue photometer. Results: Results showed no significant changes in plasma haemoglogin from day 1, 5, and 10, while significant increase in haemolysis occurred from day 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (p = 0.000), a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma haemoglobin was observed from day 15 to day 35 of storage. Conclusion: It is pertinent therefore to note that the use of CPDA-1 does not completely stop the changes that occur in RBC as there are several changes occurring in stored blood collectively called “storage lesions”. Therefore, it is advisable that blood should be transfused within 14 days of storage to avoid transfusion of blood products that has lost most of its benefits to recipients, and where possible whole blood should be processed and components separated before storage to reduce the level of non-viable red blood cells.
{"title":"Changes in Plasma Haemoglobin Concentration in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1(CPDA-1) Stored Blood","authors":"E. Eze, S. Christian, Ransom Baribefii Jacob, Z. Jeremiah, Iminabo Diada Walter Chuku","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study assessed the level of plasma haemoglobin concentration in CPDA-1 stored blood with a view to determine the extent of haemolysis during the 35 days storage period. \u0000Study Design: This is an observational and comparative case-control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using healthy male donors residing in Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out at the Blood Bank of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, formerly Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria, from February 1st to March 8th, 2017. \u0000Methodology: Blood for transfusion was collected from prospective male blood donor found to be in good health, aged between 18 and 52 years, with haemoglobin level within the range of 13.5 g/dl – 16 g/dl, body weight within 55 kg – 75 kg, and body temperature within 37.0 to 37.50C / 99.50F, into plastic bags containing anticoagulant CPDA-1, and handled under strict sterile condition to prevent bacterial contamination. The blood was stored in a blood bank refrigerator with a constant temperature of +2 to +60C under proper inspection at intervals for colour, turbidity, haemolysis and clot formation. Two milliliters of the sample was collected aseptically at different interval days of collection from the blood bag and analyzed using the HemoCue photometer. \u0000Results: Results showed no significant changes in plasma haemoglogin from day 1, 5, and 10, while significant increase in haemolysis occurred from day 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 (p = 0.000), a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma haemoglobin was observed from day 15 to day 35 of storage. \u0000Conclusion: It is pertinent therefore to note that the use of CPDA-1 does not completely stop the changes that occur in RBC as there are several changes occurring in stored blood collectively called “storage lesions”. Therefore, it is advisable that blood should be transfused within 14 days of storage to avoid transfusion of blood products that has lost most of its benefits to recipients, and where possible whole blood should be processed and components separated before storage to reduce the level of non-viable red blood cells.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73485436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330100
Nweje-Anyalowu Paul Chukwuemeka, Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu Aniemeka, I. Adejoh, Agatemor Uzuazokaro Mark-Maria, Uroko Robert Ikechukwu
Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Telfeira occidentalis (TOAE) administered separately and to establish a possible synergistic interaction when administered concurrently to chloramphenicol- induced anaemic rats. Materials and Methods: Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Five (5) non- anaemic rats and Twenty (20) anaemic rats were used in this study. The non – anaemic rats served as non- anaemic control and received 1ml dist. H2O. The 25 anaemic rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each (groups 2- 6). Group 2 served as anaemic control and received 1 ml dist. H2O, group 3 served as positive control (reference drug) and received ferrous gluconate (900 mg/kg) while groups 4- 6 received FEAE (200 mg/kg), TOAE (200 mg/kg) and FEAE (100 mg/kg) + TOAE (100 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Results: Chloramphenicol induced a significant decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis produced significant increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis show synergistic effect when co-administered. This could be useful in the management of anaemia.
{"title":"Synergistic Pharmacological Effect of Leaf Extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis on Chloramphenicol - Induced Anaemia in Wistar Rats","authors":"Nweje-Anyalowu Paul Chukwuemeka, Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu Aniemeka, I. Adejoh, Agatemor Uzuazokaro Mark-Maria, Uroko Robert Ikechukwu","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2019/V9I330100","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Telfeira occidentalis (TOAE) administered separately and to establish a possible synergistic interaction when administered concurrently to chloramphenicol- induced anaemic rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Five (5) non- anaemic rats and Twenty (20) anaemic rats were used in this study. The non – anaemic rats served as non- anaemic control and received 1ml dist. H2O. The 25 anaemic rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each (groups 2- 6). Group 2 served as anaemic control and received 1 ml dist. H2O, group 3 served as positive control (reference drug) and received ferrous gluconate (900 mg/kg) while groups 4- 6 received FEAE (200 mg/kg), TOAE (200 mg/kg) and FEAE (100 mg/kg) + TOAE (100 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. \u0000Results: Chloramphenicol induced a significant decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis produced significant increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly more than either of the extract administered alone. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis show synergistic effect when co-administered. This could be useful in the management of anaemia.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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