This paper studies how import liberalization affects formal employment across gender. The theory offers a mechanism to explain how male and female formal employment shares can respond differently to trade liberalization through labor reallocation across tradable and nontradable sectors. Using Mexican data over the period 1993–2001, we find that Mexican tariff cuts increase the probability of working formally for both men and women within four-digit manufacturing industries. The formalization of jobs within tradable sectors is driven by large firms. Constructing a regional tariff measure, we find that regional exposure to import liberalization increases the probability of working formally in the manufacturing sector for both men and women, and especially for men. However in the service sectors, the probability of working formally decreases for low-skilled women.
{"title":"Gender, Informal Employment and Trade Liberalization in Mexico","authors":"Ben Yahmed Sarra, P. Bombarda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3190988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3190988","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper studies how import liberalization affects formal employment across gender. The theory offers a mechanism to explain how male and female formal employment shares can respond differently to trade liberalization through labor reallocation across tradable and nontradable sectors. Using Mexican data over the period 1993–2001, we find that Mexican tariff cuts increase the probability of working formally for both men and women within four-digit manufacturing industries. The formalization of jobs within tradable sectors is driven by large firms. Constructing a regional tariff measure, we find that regional exposure to import liberalization increases the probability of working formally in the manufacturing sector for both men and women, and especially for men. However in the service sectors, the probability of working formally decreases for low-skilled women.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80373993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This section is examined statistically whether the importance of the motives for act and the acceptances for lower wage and labor incentives is different between each age group. Above results shows young age group is “self-actualization” as important motive, old age group is “moral” as it. And old age group has higher labor incentives when it is suggested higher wage than the wage according to my ability, and when it is the lifetime employment system. Older age group think “moral” as important motive. They think that want to rewarded with the lifetime employment system and higher wage. It checked that action motives differed according to a generation. Moreover, Prospect Theory, the efficiency wage hypothesis, and the relative wage hypothesis were satisfied, and it was checked that the influences differ in his twenties as compared with other generations. Moreover, the rate of desiring lifelong employment system as a senior was large, and his twenties had many people who do not desire lifelong employment system strongly. This shows that consciousness change and a behavioral change may have arisen in that time in 1990 which shifted to the market economy bordering on people who were his teens, i.e., his present twenties, and his 30's. It is shown that there is no big difference the results of transition country, the results of advanced nations, especially the result of Japan.
{"title":"A Study on Incentives and Behaviors of Each Age Group in Transition Countries - Case for Mongolia","authors":"Takaharu Ishii","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347474","url":null,"abstract":"This section is examined statistically whether the importance of the motives for act and the acceptances for lower wage and labor incentives is different between each age group. Above results shows young age group is “self-actualization” as important motive, old age group is “moral” as it. And old age group has higher labor incentives when it is suggested higher wage than the wage according to my ability, and when it is the lifetime employment system. Older age group think “moral” as important motive. They think that want to rewarded with the lifetime employment system and higher wage. It checked that action motives differed according to a generation. Moreover, Prospect Theory, the efficiency wage hypothesis, and the relative wage hypothesis were satisfied, and it was checked that the influences differ in his twenties as compared with other generations. Moreover, the rate of desiring lifelong employment system as a senior was large, and his twenties had many people who do not desire lifelong employment system strongly. This shows that consciousness change and a behavioral change may have arisen in that time in 1990 which shifted to the market economy bordering on people who were his teens, i.e., his present twenties, and his 30's. It is shown that there is no big difference the results of transition country, the results of advanced nations, especially the result of Japan.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the effects of trade barriers on China's participation in the global value chain (GVC) using a thorough decomposition approach for trade volume, total exports, final exports and intermediate exports. Our econometric results indicate that anti‐dumping (AD) measures initiated by trade partners have restrained the process of China's participation in the GVC. From 2000 to 2014, AD measures reduced the foreign value‐added rate of total, final and intermediate exports by 4.5 to 28.7 percent, 3.4 to 17 percent and 1.2 to 8.5 percent, respectively. In addition, suffering the effects of AD measures, China's GVC position index declined by 8.2 percent to 28.6 percent during this period. Moreover, AD measures have increased industries' upstream index by 3.2 to 13.7 percent over the same period. These results imply that both the petition and approval of AD cases has had a negative influence on the extent and position of China's GVC participation.
{"title":"Trade Barriers and Participation in the Global Value Chain: An Empirical Study Based on Anti‐Dumping Toward China","authors":"Xiaosong Wang, Zhexi Liu, Yueying Lv, Chunming Zhao","doi":"10.1111/cwe.12276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12276","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effects of trade barriers on China's participation in the global value chain (GVC) using a thorough decomposition approach for trade volume, total exports, final exports and intermediate exports. Our econometric results indicate that anti‐dumping (AD) measures initiated by trade partners have restrained the process of China's participation in the GVC. From 2000 to 2014, AD measures reduced the foreign value‐added rate of total, final and intermediate exports by 4.5 to 28.7 percent, 3.4 to 17 percent and 1.2 to 8.5 percent, respectively. In addition, suffering the effects of AD measures, China's GVC position index declined by 8.2 percent to 28.6 percent during this period. Moreover, AD measures have increased industries' upstream index by 3.2 to 13.7 percent over the same period. These results imply that both the petition and approval of AD cases has had a negative influence on the extent and position of China's GVC participation.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable economic development would never be possible without having a strong scientific and technological basis. Economics science has evolved in understanding how new technologies help in transforming societies and generating a continuous chain of wealth and progress. Both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics have long recognized the importance of technological developments in economic systems. In particular in Macroeconomics, the idea of explaining how technology creates economic growth has been extensively explored. Nanotechnology industry is considered as the core of the next boundless technological revolution and it has a significant role spurring global economic growth. This paper aims to focus on the economic impacts of the nanotechnology industry with a special focus on the Egyptian case. We have found that the Egyptian nanotechnology industry is still lacking behind its peer countries, and therefore we underline the importance of setting a national plan aiming to take serious actions in developing the nanotechnology industry in Egypt to stimulate the national transformation towards a knowledge-based economy.
{"title":"Economic Impacts of Nanotechnology Industry: Case Study on Egypt","authors":"H. Adam, Abeer Youssef","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3314931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3314931","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable economic development would never be possible without having a strong scientific and technological basis. Economics science has evolved in understanding how new technologies help in transforming societies and generating a continuous chain of wealth and progress. Both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics have long recognized the importance of technological developments in economic systems. In particular in Macroeconomics, the idea of explaining how technology creates economic growth has been extensively explored. Nanotechnology industry is considered as the core of the next boundless technological revolution and it has a significant role spurring global economic growth. This paper aims to focus on the economic impacts of the nanotechnology industry with a special focus on the Egyptian case. We have found that the Egyptian nanotechnology industry is still lacking behind its peer countries, and therefore we underline the importance of setting a national plan aiming to take serious actions in developing the nanotechnology industry in Egypt to stimulate the national transformation towards a knowledge-based economy.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80021374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates how policy certainty affects firm innovation activities.The identification hinges on the overlap of the elite dualism system in China. Naturally, a city Party leader served as the prior mayor in the same city is more likely to carry out the policy decisions made by the previous local administration, since he/she is one of the crucial leaders to make these decisions. In this circumstance, the policy certainty level would be higher for local listed firms. We find that the patent filings of listed firms, who enjoy a more stable local policy environment, significantly and substantially increase into the future. Such positive effects are robust to different model specifications and subsample analyses. Moreover, this paper documents the role of heterogeneity in the effects of policy certainty on firm innovation. The increased patent filings caused by a higher level of local policy certainty are mostly driven by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), firms with no political connections, having lower financial constraints and smaller sizes. We further show that a higher level of local policy certainty would increase the stability of the amount of government subsidies for these firms, so they can more aggressively engage in innovation activities.
{"title":"Policy Certainty and Heterogeneous Firm Innovation: Evidence from a Developing Country","authors":"Xiandeng Jiang, Dongmin Kong, Chengrui Xiao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3303190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303190","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates how policy certainty affects firm innovation activities.The identification hinges on the overlap of the elite dualism system in China. Naturally, a city Party leader served as the prior mayor in the same city is more likely to carry out the policy decisions made by the previous local administration, since he/she is one of the crucial leaders to make these decisions. In this circumstance, the policy certainty level would be higher for local listed firms. We find that the patent filings of listed firms, who enjoy a more stable local policy environment, significantly and substantially increase into the future. Such positive effects are robust to different model specifications and subsample analyses. Moreover, this paper documents the role of heterogeneity in the effects of policy certainty on firm innovation. The increased patent filings caused by a higher level of local policy certainty are mostly driven by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), firms with no political connections, having lower financial constraints and smaller sizes. We further show that a higher level of local policy certainty would increase the stability of the amount of government subsidies for these firms, so they can more aggressively engage in innovation activities.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91463760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to examine the role of intellectual property within the scope of innovation by highlighting the principal connections between intellectual property and innovation. In this sense, this article emphasizes on the massive contribution of intellectual property rights (just for patent, trade secret and copyright) in innovation and also criticizes the role of intellectual property in developing concepts such as big data, artificial intelligence and green innovation. In addition, it is extremely significant to demonstrate the differences among the traditional definitions, understandings and historical background of intellectual property and innovation and their current situations in our era. Having said that, it is also necessary to see the present and future challenges faced as to the role of intellectual property rights in the era of innovation where the boundaries are more flexible, the information is more accessible, and the limits can be easily exceeded.
{"title":"The Impact of Intellectual Property in Fostering Innovation","authors":"Janset Ece Mermer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3379331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3379331","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine the role of intellectual property within the scope of innovation by highlighting the principal connections between intellectual property and innovation. In this sense, this article emphasizes on the massive contribution of intellectual property rights (just for patent, trade secret and copyright) in innovation and also criticizes the role of intellectual property in developing concepts such as big data, artificial intelligence and green innovation. In addition, it is extremely significant to demonstrate the differences among the traditional definitions, understandings and historical background of intellectual property and innovation and their current situations in our era. Having said that, it is also necessary to see the present and future challenges faced as to the role of intellectual property rights in the era of innovation where the boundaries are more flexible, the information is more accessible, and the limits can be easily exceeded.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90271998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-29DOI: 10.22394/1682-2358-2018-2-95-103
Y. Stepanova
Russian Abstract: Проводится социологический анализ ожиданий и предпочтений студентов и выпускников вузов в сфере трудоустройства и требований работодателей к молодым специалистам с высшим образованием. Представлены результаты исследований, проведенных в Поволжском институте управления – филиале РАНХиГС. Определены и проанализированы особенности трудоустройства студентов в период обучения и после получения диплома о высшем образовании.
English Abstract: The article presents a sociological analysis of the expectations and preferences of students and graduates in the field of employment and employers’ requirements for young professionals with higher education. The results of the studies conducted at the Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, Branch of RANEPA are presented. Features of students’ employment in the course of training and after gaining the diploma of higher education are defined and analyzed.
{"title":"Молодые специалисты с высшим образованием и работодатели: взаимные ожидания в практике социологического изучения (Young Specialists with Higher Education and Employers: Mutual Expectations in Sociological Research Practices)","authors":"Y. Stepanova","doi":"10.22394/1682-2358-2018-2-95-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2018-2-95-103","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Проводится социологический анализ ожиданий и предпочтений студентов и выпускников вузов в сфере трудоустройства и требований работодателей к молодым специалистам с высшим образованием. Представлены результаты исследований, проведенных в Поволжском институте управления – филиале РАНХиГС. Определены и проанализированы особенности трудоустройства студентов в период обучения и после получения диплома о высшем образовании.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The article presents a sociological analysis of the expectations and preferences of students and graduates in the field of employment and employers’ requirements for young professionals with higher education. The results of the studies conducted at the Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, Branch of RANEPA are presented. Features of students’ employment in the course of training and after gaining the diploma of higher education are defined and analyzed. <br>","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90097717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The movement pattern of the Industry Adaptability Index over different periods demonstrates that in the Russian economy, biggest enterprises can better adapt to external conditions. Small and medium-sized ones adapt less successfully. This observation was also confirmed by data for January-September 2018.
{"title":"The Industry Adaptability Index: Big Enterprises Adapt Better","authors":"S. Tsukhlo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3285166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3285166","url":null,"abstract":"The movement pattern of the Industry Adaptability Index over different periods demonstrates that in the Russian economy, biggest enterprises can better adapt to external conditions. Small and medium-sized ones adapt less successfully. This observation was also confirmed by data for January-September 2018.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84525066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.4067/S0718-52862018000200203
Alejandro Bello-Pintado, C. Bianchi
This paper analyses the relationship between horizontal educational diversity (HED) and firm innovation performance, both in the propensity to innovate and the intensity of innovation in firm performance. Moreover, we hypothesise that the organizational structure of the firm moderates this relationship. Using panel data from the Uruguayan Innovation Survey 2006-2012, econometric estimates show that HED is barely associated with innovation performance in products and processes. We found that advanced organisational structures of the firm positively moderate the former relationship, but only for firms achieving radical innovations.
{"title":"Educational Diversity, Organizational Structure and Innovation Performance: Evidence From Uruguayan Industry","authors":"Alejandro Bello-Pintado, C. Bianchi","doi":"10.4067/S0718-52862018000200203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52862018000200203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the relationship between horizontal educational diversity (HED) and firm innovation performance, both in the propensity to innovate and the intensity of innovation in firm performance. Moreover, we hypothesise that the organizational structure of the firm moderates this relationship. Using panel data from the Uruguayan Innovation Survey 2006-2012, econometric estimates show that HED is barely associated with innovation performance in products and processes. We found that advanced organisational structures of the firm positively moderate the former relationship, but only for firms achieving radical innovations.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72755315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economy of a country depends on various factors including its tangible and intangible assets. Intangible assets which may be a product of human ingenuity and innovation in any of the subjects like science and technology, arts and culture, traditional knowledge and biodiversity resources. Further, most of intangible assets are stimulated by legal regulations and particularly the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The power of knowledge and intellect is one of the key drivers for a nation economic growth and socio-cultural development as it benefit the public in large. A substantial part of such knowledge is the part of free public domain which must not be claim by a person intending to compete with other. Only new research outputs having some value addition and other product of intellect may be permitted to be monopolizing by the right-holder(s). Such acts of monopoly as per the law may be restricted in public interest like as in case of compulsory licensing in patented drugs. The law and the implementation framework for IPR of a country reflect the policy of the country and national priorities, which have evolved over time, taking into account the dynamics of society development in the country and international commitments. With a view to stimulate a dynamic, vibrant and balanced intellectual property rights system in India now there is National IPR Policy, 2016. This Policy seems a major tool directing Indian IP system in order to strengthen the Indian economy and so with aligning with related international policies. The policy address all facets of the IP system in the country and not only promote IP but will nurture the IP culture to the greater level in India. The Policy is expected to guide and enable innovators including creators and inventors to realize their potential for generating, protecting and utilizing IP which would contribute to wealth creation, employment opportunities and business development. It will integrate and create synergies with IP related aspects of various sector specific policies and provide a roadmap for holistic, effective and balanced development of the IP system in India. The objectives of the policy are designed to facilitate the ease of doing business in India and attract foreign direct investment.
{"title":"Economics and National IPR Policy of India","authors":"Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3265144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3265144","url":null,"abstract":"Economy of a country depends on various factors including its tangible and intangible assets. Intangible assets which may be a product of human ingenuity and innovation in any of the subjects like science and technology, arts and culture, traditional knowledge and biodiversity resources. Further, most of intangible assets are stimulated by legal regulations and particularly the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The power of knowledge and intellect is one of the key drivers for a nation economic growth and socio-cultural development as it benefit the public in large. A substantial part of such knowledge is the part of free public domain which must not be claim by a person intending to compete with other. Only new research outputs having some value addition and other product of intellect may be permitted to be monopolizing by the right-holder(s). Such acts of monopoly as per the law may be restricted in public interest like as in case of compulsory licensing in patented drugs. The law and the implementation framework for IPR of a country reflect the policy of the country and national priorities, which have evolved over time, taking into account the dynamics of society development in the country and international commitments. With a view to stimulate a dynamic, vibrant and balanced intellectual property rights system in India now there is National IPR Policy, 2016. This Policy seems a major tool directing Indian IP system in order to strengthen the Indian economy and so with aligning with related international policies. The policy address all facets of the IP system in the country and not only promote IP but will nurture the IP culture to the greater level in India. The Policy is expected to guide and enable innovators including creators and inventors to realize their potential for generating, protecting and utilizing IP which would contribute to wealth creation, employment opportunities and business development. It will integrate and create synergies with IP related aspects of various sector specific policies and provide a roadmap for holistic, effective and balanced development of the IP system in India. The objectives of the policy are designed to facilitate the ease of doing business in India and attract foreign direct investment.","PeriodicalId":13677,"journal":{"name":"Institutions & Transition Economics: Microeconomic Issues eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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