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Neuroprotective Effect of Morinda citrifolia on Behavioural and Biochemical Deficits in PTZ-induced Kindled Mice. 桑椹对ptz点燃小鼠行为和生化缺陷的神经保护作用。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230605160222
Moazzam Ali, Prabhat Singh, Lubhan Singh, Rupesh Kumar Pandey, Priyadarshini Soni, Akansha Singh

Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. Kindling, a chronic epileptic mouse model, was used to explore the epileptogenic mechanism and seek new anti-epileptics. In kindling, sub-convulsive (chemical/ electrical) stimuli were delivered repeatedly and erratically, eventually causing massive convulsions. Moreover, Morinda citrifolia (Noni) extracts are used as a remedy in ayurvedic preparations for many ailments. Noni has recently been shown to protect mice from amyloid beta-induced memory loss.

Objective: This study was used to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Morinda citrifolia in mice over pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure.

Methods: Kindling was provoked by subsequent (one-day-gap) injections of PTZ (subconvulsive; 35 mg/kg; s.c.) for 29 days in mice. Following PTZ injection, convulsive behaviours were noted for 30 minutes. Open-field-test (locomotor activity), forced swimming test (depressive behaviors), elevated plus-maze, and passive avoidance tests were employed to evaluate cognition. Brain homogenate was used to estimate oxidative stress (glutathione, superoxide-dismutase, lipid-peroxidation) and acetylcholinesterase activity.

Results: PTZ-provoked kindled mice displayed depressive behaviors, impaired locomotion, cognitive dysfunctions and various biochemical changes. However, treatment with Morinda citrifolia extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o) and valproic acid (200 mg/kg, p.o) before 60 min of each PTZ injection diminished kindling scores and restored behavioural, and biochemical changes.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest Morinda citrifolia offered neuroprotective effects against PTZinduced kindling seizures in mice, which were established by behavioural and biochemical paradigms.

癫痫是一组以癫痫发作为特征的慢性神经系统疾病。采用慢性癫痫小鼠模型Kindling,探讨其致痫机制,寻找新的抗癫痫药物。在点火过程中,亚惊厥(化学/电)刺激反复且不规律地传递,最终引起大面积惊厥。此外,桑葚(诺丽)提取物被用作阿育吠陀制剂中治疗许多疾病的药物。诺丽最近被证明可以保护老鼠免受淀粉样蛋白诱发的记忆丧失。目的:研究桑叶对戊四唑(PTZ)致小鼠点燃性癫痫的神经保护作用。方法:随后(间隔1天)注射PTZ(亚惊厥;35毫克/公斤;S.c .)在小鼠体内持续29天。注射PTZ后,惊厥行为持续30分钟。采用开放场地测试(运动活动)、强迫游泳测试(抑郁行为)、升高+迷宫和被动回避测试评估认知。脑匀浆用于评估氧化应激(谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、脂质过氧化)和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。结果:ptz点燃小鼠表现出抑郁行为、运动障碍、认知功能障碍和各种生化变化。然而,在每次PTZ注射前60分钟给予桑葚叶提取物(500和1000 mg/kg, p.o)和丙戊酸(200 mg/kg, p.o)治疗可降低点燃评分,恢复行为和生化变化。结论:从行为学和生物化学的角度看,桑叶对ptz致小鼠点燃性癫痫具有一定的神经保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission: A Systematic Review. 口罩预防COVID-19传播效果的系统评价
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230601090905
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Amirali Karimi, Amir Masoud Afsahi, Pegah Mirzapour, Sanaz Varshochi, Hengameh Mojdeganlou, Paniz Mojdeganlou, Armin Razi, Sanam Alilou, Mohsen Dashti, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Solmaz Saeidi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have been among the cornerstones of COVID-19 prevention. Therefore, evaluating their preventive effects against COVID-19 is crucial. This review aimed to systematically search for the systematic review articles that explored the role of various types of face masks in preventing COVID-19.

Methods: We browsed the keywords of this study in the online databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane on 10th January 2023 and retrieved all the relevant systematic review articles. The records were downloaded into an Endnote file, and the duplicates were removed. A two-step screening process consisting of title/abstract and full-text screenings was conducted to select the most relevant articles. To ensure the validity and reliability of the results, this study adhered to the PRISMA protocol.

Results: A total of 28 systematic reviews were included in this review. Most studies found that face masks are beneficial against viral respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Different types of masks were evaluated in included studies. It appeared that mask efficacy depends on the material, layers, fitting on the face and user compliance. N 95 respirator had maximum efficacy, especially when used continuously.

Conclusion: Face masks have a beneficial effect against COVID-19. Home masks are less protective than surgical masks or N95 personal breathing masks. Besides, the use of masks may elicit a false sense of security in people, which may lead to poor hand hygiene and violation of social distancing. Therefore, the necessary training should be provided to the public to increase awareness and encourage the right practice of using the mask, emphasizing the preventive effects of washing hands, social distancing, and using a face mask against COVID-19.

自2019冠状病毒病大流行开始以来,口罩一直是预防COVID-19的基石之一。因此,评估它们对COVID-19的预防效果至关重要。本综述旨在系统检索探讨各类口罩在预防新冠肺炎中的作用的系统综述文章。方法:我们于2023年1月10日在Scopus、Web of Science、PubMed和Cochrane在线数据库中浏览本研究的关键词,检索所有相关的系统综述文章。记录被下载到Endnote文件中,重复的记录被删除。筛选过程分为两步,包括标题/摘要和全文筛选,以选择最相关的文章。为保证结果的效度和信度,本研究遵循PRISMA方案。结果:本综述共纳入28篇系统评价。大多数研究发现,口罩有助于预防COVID-19等病毒性呼吸道感染。在纳入的研究中评估了不同类型的口罩。结果显示,口罩的功效取决于材料、层数、与面部的贴合程度以及使用者的依从性。n95口罩的效果最好,特别是连续使用时。结论:口罩对预防COVID-19有有益作用。家用口罩的防护效果不如医用口罩或N95个人呼吸口罩。此外,使用口罩可能会让人们产生一种虚假的安全感,从而可能导致手卫生不佳和违反社交距离。因此,应向公众提供必要的培训,提高公众的认识,鼓励正确使用口罩,强调洗手、保持社交距离和使用口罩对COVID-19的预防作用。
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引用次数: 2
WITHDRAWN: Th17 Overexpression in Severe COVID-19: A Prospective Observational Study 撤回: 严重 COVID-19 中 Th17 过度表达:一项前瞻性观察研究
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230531115839
Ankesh Gupta, Arvind Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Deepak, Umang Arora, Aayush Agrawal, Manish Soneja, Prerna Garg, Sanchit Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Uma Kanga, Ganesh Kumar V, Kapil Dev Soni, Naveet Wig

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfil the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal "Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets"

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

Bentham science disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

由于作者没有回应编辑的要求以满足编辑的要求,因此,该文章已从《感染性疾病--药物靶点》杂志中撤下。Bentham Science免责声明:向本刊投稿的稿件未曾在其他地方发表过,也不会同时在其他地方投稿或发表,这是发表的条件之一。此外,任何已在其他地方发表的数据、插图、结构或表格都必须报告,并且必须获得复制的版权许可。严禁剽窃,一旦发现剽窃或捏造信息,作者同意出版商有法律权利对作者采取适当行动。提交稿件即表示作者同意,如果文章被接受发表,其版权即转让给出版商。
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引用次数: 0
Does Widespread Use of Hydroxychloroquine Reduce the Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19? An Ecological Correlational Study. 羟氯喹的广泛使用是否会降低SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19的传播力?生态学相关研究。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230522114836
Fabricio Souza Neves

Background: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was widely used as a possible antiviral agent. Current knowledge indicates that HCQ has little or no effect on individual clinical outcomes of COVID-19, but populational effects on disease transmissibility are still unknown.

Objective: This study investigates the hypothesis that massive HCQ consumption by a population may contribute to reducing the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 spread by reducing the viral load of infected individuals.

Methods: Public database of seven states from Brazil in 2020 were assessed, before the start of COVID-19 vaccination. The daily values of the COVID-19 effective reproduction number (Rt) were obtained. Associations between Rt values and the proposed predictor variables (prevalence of COVID-19 as a marker of collective immunity; social isolation indices; consumption of HCQ) were tested using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: In all seven states, consumption of HCQ was a significant negative predictor of Rt (β ranged from -0.295 to -0.502, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the mean derivative of Rt during the declining period of the COVID-19 incidence (the mean rate of variation) was also significantly negatively related to the mean HCQ consumption in that period (R2 = 0.895; β = -0.783; p = 0.011), meaning that the higher the HCQ consumption, the faster the decline of COVID-19 Rt. It suggests a dose-response phenomenon and a causal relationship in this association.

Conclusion: The results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that HCQ has small but significant in vivo antiviral effects that are able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility at the populational level.

背景:在新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行之初,羟氯喹(HCQ)作为一种可能的抗病毒药物被广泛使用。目前的知识表明,HCQ对COVID-19个体临床结局的影响很小或没有影响,但对疾病传播的人群影响仍然未知。目的:本研究探讨人群大量消费HCQ可能通过降低感染者的病毒载量来降低SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19传播的假设。方法:在开始COVID-19疫苗接种之前,对2020年巴西7个州的公共数据库进行评估。获取每日COVID-19有效繁殖数(Rt)。Rt值与提出的预测变量(作为集体免疫标志的COVID-19流行率;社会隔离指数;使用多元线性回归分析检测HCQ的消耗量。结果:在所有7个州,HCQ的消耗是Rt的显著负预测因子(β范围从-0.295到-0.502,p = 0.001)。此外,在COVID-19发病率下降期间,Rt的平均导数(平均变异率)也与该时期的平均HCQ消费量呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.895;β = -0.783;p = 0.011),这意味着HCQ消费量越高,COVID-19 rt下降速度越快。这表明这种关联存在剂量反应现象和因果关系。结论:本研究结果与HCQ具有微小但显著的体内抗病毒作用,能够降低SARS-CoV-2在人群水平上的传播力的假设相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Capecitabine and Hand-foot Syndrome: A Case Report. 卡培他滨与手足综合征1例报告。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220614162117
Praveen Kumar Uppala, Anjaly Mary Varghese, Sree Sudha Ty, Hemasri Velmurugan, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, K S B S Krishna Sasanka

Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, is an FDA-approved drug for adjuvant treatment of colon, metastatic colorectal, and breast cancer. A variety of mucocutaneous adverse effects has been recognized with capecitabine. The pathogenesis of such manifestations still remains an enigma though various theories have been proposed. Here, we report two such cases. A 59-year-old female with carcinoma of the sigmoid colon on palliative therapy developed localized cutaneous hyperpigmentation of the palms and soles secondary to capecitabine in her 2nd cycle. Another case was of a 42-year-old female with stomach adenocarcinoma, who developed similar adverse effects after administration of capecitabine in her 4th cycle. Since these drugs have been widely used in recent years due to their relative ease in administration, the relative unawareness of Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) caused due to this drug makes it a prudent topic to be reported.

卡培他滨是5-氟尿嘧啶的前药,是fda批准的辅助治疗结肠癌、转移性结直肠癌和乳腺癌的药物。卡培他滨有多种粘膜皮肤不良反应。尽管提出了各种理论,但这种表现的发病机制仍然是一个谜。在这里,我们报告两个这样的案例。一位59岁的女性乙状结肠癌患者在姑息治疗后,在第2周期卡培他滨继发于手掌和脚底的局部皮肤色素沉着。另一例为42岁女性胃腺癌患者,她在第4周期给予卡培他滨后出现类似的不良反应。由于这些药物相对容易给药,近年来被广泛使用,由于该药物引起的手足综合征(HFS)的相对不为人所知,因此这是一个谨慎的话题。
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引用次数: 0
A New Year, Newfangled COVID-19 Variant B.1.640.2 (IHU): What We Know So Far? 新的一年,新的COVID-19变体B.1.640.2 (IHU):我们迄今为止知道什么?
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220831101802
Suman Kumar Ray, Sukhes Mukherjee

A new COVID-19 variant that no one currently wants has emerged with the start of the new year. Omicron, which was first discovered in November of last year, was only just beginning to be understood when another strain uncovered in France made headlines. On January 4, 2022, news of the variant exploded on social media, but cases of what is now known as variant B.1.640.2 (IHU) were initially discovered about two months prior. Evidence is still being gathered, but internet misinformation regarding the latest coronavirus variety is already rampant, as it was with Omicron. The majority of existing vaccines target SARS-spike CoV-2's protein, which the virus utilizes to enter and infect cells. Epidemiologists and virologists worldwide are concerned about the virus' spike protein, which plays a key role in how your body identifies and reacts to the virus. Spike proteins are produced, recognized, and defended against by our immune system. Your body and the vaccines you have had injected into your system have a far harder time fighting the virus when the amino acids in a protein are altered or removed.

新年伊始,一种目前没人想要的新型COVID-19变体出现了。欧米克隆于去年11月首次被发现,当在法国发现的另一种菌株成为头条新闻时,人们才刚刚开始了解它。2022年1月4日,有关该变种的新闻在社交媒体上爆发,但现在被称为变种B.1.640.2 (IHU)的病例最初是在大约两个月前发现的。证据仍在收集中,但关于最新冠状病毒品种的互联网错误信息已经猖獗,就像欧米克隆一样。现有的大多数疫苗都针对sars刺突CoV-2的蛋白质,病毒利用该蛋白质进入并感染细胞。世界各地的流行病学家和病毒学家都很关注这种病毒的刺突蛋白,它在你的身体如何识别病毒和对病毒做出反应方面起着关键作用。刺突蛋白由我们的免疫系统产生、识别和防御。当蛋白质中的氨基酸被改变或移除时,你的身体和注射到你体内的疫苗就更难对抗病毒了。
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引用次数: 0
The Determinants of Treatment Delay and Quality of Life among the Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Northeastern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study. 泰国东北部新诊断肺结核患者治疗延迟和生活质量的决定因素:一项横断面研究。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220818142651
Phiman Thirarattanasunthon, Paleeratana Wongrith, Omid Dadras, Surasak Kabmuangpak

Background/objective: Delays in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are linked to financial difficulties, employment limits, dependency, and symptomatic treatment, all of which have an impact on the patient's quality of life. Patients' psychological, economic, and social well-being are also harmed by delayed therapy. The goal of this research was to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics and quality of life in new pulmonary TB patients and determine the associated factors with delayed TB diagnosis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Choke Chai Community Hospital, in Northeastern Thailand between 2016 and 2018. The information related to the patient's medical history and laboratory tests were gathered from 332 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients at the hospital's tuberculosis clinic; of those 15 died and were excluded from the final analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.

Results: The cases included new cases (94%) and those returning to receive treatment after discontinuation of treatment, relapse, or recurrence of the disease (6%). The sample consisted of 68.7% males and 31.3% females. The average age was 52.7 years (S.D = 15.64). The majority of patients were married (60.5%), employed (68.6%), received a low income (66.6%), had a history of chronic diseases (73%), drank alcohol (31.7%), and smoked (85.7%). Approximately half of PTB experienced treatment delay and had a low quality of life (QoL) (46.6%). The treatment delay was associated with age > 50 years (p <0.05), low self-care (p <0.05), long distance to facility (p <0.05), unavailable caretaker to treat (p <0.05), no caregiver in family (p <0.05), high expenses (p <0.01), and lack of information (p <0.001).

Conclusion: It appeared that the patients' health-related quality of life could be deteriorated as a result of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment delays can be significantly reduced by changing the understanding of family caregivers, increasing awareness, providing adequate support for patients, and guaranteeing early diagnosis and treatment by implementing an efficient surveillance system.

背景/目的:肺结核(PTB)诊断延误与经济困难、就业限制、依赖和对症治疗有关,所有这些都对患者的生活质量产生影响。延迟治疗也会损害患者的心理、经济和社会福祉。本研究的目的是评估新发肺结核患者的社会人口学特征和生活质量,并确定延迟结核病诊断的相关因素。方法:这是一项横断面研究,于2016年至2018年在泰国东北部的Choke Chai社区医院进行。从医院结核病门诊的332名新诊断的结核病患者那里收集了与患者病史和实验室检查有关的信息;其中15人死亡,被排除在最终分析之外。数据分析采用SPSS 17.0版本。结果:病例包括新发病例(94%)和停止治疗、复发或复发后再接受治疗的病例(6%)。样本中男性占68.7%,女性占31.3%。平均年龄52.7岁(sd = 15.64)。大多数患者已婚(60.5%)、有工作(68.6%)、收入低(66.6%)、有慢性病史(73%)、饮酒(31.7%)、吸烟(85.7%)。大约一半的肺结核患者经历了治疗延迟,生活质量(QoL)较低(46.6%)。治疗延误与年龄> 50岁相关(p)。结论:肺结核可能导致患者健康相关生活质量恶化。通过改变对家庭照顾者的理解,提高认识,为患者提供充分支持,并通过实施有效的监测系统保证早期诊断和治疗,可以显著减少治疗延误。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of Chitosan Derivatives as Adjuvant for Nanoparticles Based Vaccines. 壳聚糖衍生物作为纳米颗粒疫苗佐剂的应用。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220922102621
R Ram Narayanan, Saba Maanvizhi

This review focuses on the applications of chitosan derivatives towards vaccine delivery for their role as adjuvants. Adjuvants have been used as one of the key components in modern-day vaccines to enhance the immune response or as a drug delivery carrier. Generally, vaccines are administered to protect the host against harmful disease-causing infectious pathogens. The area of vaccine delivery is reaching new heights day by day with the evolution of the strategies and tools used for vaccine development. Currently, the vaccines have created a great impact by saving the lives of many human beings. A narrative review of all the relevant papers were conducted across the databases of PubMed and ScienceDirect. Based on the various studies performed in various animal models, the chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) was reported to be a safe and effective adjuvant candidate for a wide range of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines that require a balanced and potent stimulation of both the cellular and humoral responses, due to its natural origin and good biocompatibility, as well as its lack of lethal toxicity to humans and animals. There was a tremendous shift in the paradigm of vaccine drug delivery from the use of conventional to novel adjuvants. For the development of a promising vaccine delivery system, adjuvant plays an irreplaceable role, but the adjuvants have not been utilized to their full potential because of the limited number of approved adjuvants. Hence the search for novel adjuvants is highly increased. In the list of versatile adjuvants, chitosan derivatives occupy an important place because of their huge benefits. The chitosan derivatives are obtained by the chemical modification of chitosan. The studies performed on various animal models validate the potential use of chitosan dervatives as adjuvants for vaccine delivery.

本文综述了壳聚糖衍生物作为佐剂在疫苗递送中的应用。佐剂已被用作现代疫苗的关键成分之一,以增强免疫反应或作为药物递送载体。一般来说,接种疫苗是为了保护宿主免受有害的致病传染性病原体的侵害。随着用于疫苗开发的战略和工具的演变,疫苗交付领域正日益达到新的高度。目前,疫苗已经产生了巨大的影响,挽救了许多人的生命。在PubMed和ScienceDirect的数据库中对所有相关论文进行了叙述性综述。根据在各种动物模型中进行的各种研究,壳聚糖纳米颗粒(CNP)被报道为一种安全有效的佐剂候选物,用于广泛的预防性和治疗性疫苗,这些疫苗需要平衡和有效的细胞和体液反应刺激,由于其天然来源和良好的生物相容性,以及对人类和动物缺乏致命毒性。从使用传统佐剂到使用新型佐剂,疫苗药物递送的模式发生了巨大的转变。为了开发一种有前途的疫苗递送系统,佐剂起着不可替代的作用,但由于批准的佐剂数量有限,佐剂尚未充分发挥其潜力。因此,对新型佐剂的研究大大增加。在多功能佐剂的列表中,壳聚糖衍生物因其巨大的功效占有重要的地位。通过对壳聚糖进行化学改性,得到壳聚糖衍生物。在各种动物模型上进行的研究证实了壳聚糖衍生物作为疫苗递送佐剂的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Systematic Review. COVID-19暴露后预防:系统综述
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230413082721
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Amirali Karimi, Zahra Pashaei, Parnian Shobeiri, Nazanin Janfaza, Farzane Behnezhad, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Alireza Barzegary, Ghazal Arjmand, Alireza Noroozi, Alireza Shojaei, Ava Amiri, Farzin Vahedi, Mehrdad Mahalleh, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi, Mohsen Dashti, Amir Masoud Afsahi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 cause pneumonia can spread across the lung and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases. Post-exposure prophylaxis has shown great potential to prevent the transmission of some viral infections; however, such results for COVID-19 are still inconclusive.

Methods: Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the resources that utilized postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for COVID-19 and the possible clinical benefits of such drugs. An organized search of relevant literature was done using the keywords and search queries on public databases of Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from December 2019 to August 23, 2021. Original resources that had the inclusion criteria were included after two-phase title/abstract and full-text screenings. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Results: Out of 841 retrieved records 17 resources were appropriate to include in the systematic review. Hydroxychloroquine with a daily dose of 400-800 mg and a duration of 5-14 days was the most frequently used agent for PEP. Chloroquine was recommended to use to control treatment in patients with mild to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Other agents like Lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r), angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Vitamin D, arbidol, thymosin drugs, and Xin guan no.1 (XG.1, a Chinese formula medicine) have also been applied in some studies.

Conclusion: Current evidence demonstrated no established clinical benefits of any drug as PEP in individuals with COVID-19. However, scarce indication occurs for the beneficial effects of some agents, but more studies are needed to explore such effects.

简介:SARS-CoV-2引起的肺炎可通过肺部传播,严重者可导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。暴露后预防已显示出防止某些病毒感染传播的巨大潜力;然而,对COVID-19的这种结果仍然没有定论。方法:因此,本研究的目的是系统地回顾使用暴露后预防(PEP)治疗COVID-19的资源及其可能的临床益处。利用Cochrane、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus等公共数据库2019年12月至2021年8月23日的关键词和搜索查询,对相关文献进行组织检索。具有纳入标准的原始资源经过两阶段标题/摘要和全文筛选后纳入。本综述遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明。结果:在841份检索记录中,17份资源适合纳入系统评价。羟基氯喹是PEP最常用的药物,日剂量400 ~ 800 mg,持续时间5 ~ 14天。建议在轻至重度COVID-19肺炎患者中使用氯喹控制治疗。其他药物如洛匹那韦-利托那韦(LPV/r)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEIs)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARBs)、维生素D、阿比多尔、胸腺苷类药物、新冠1号等(XG.1,一种中药方剂)也被应用于一些研究中。结论:目前的证据表明,任何药物作为PEP对COVID-19患者没有确定的临床益处。然而,一些药物的有益作用缺乏指征,需要更多的研究来探索这些作用。
{"title":"Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Systematic Review.","authors":"SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi,&nbsp;Amirali Karimi,&nbsp;Zahra Pashaei,&nbsp;Parnian Shobeiri,&nbsp;Nazanin Janfaza,&nbsp;Farzane Behnezhad,&nbsp;Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh,&nbsp;Alireza Barzegary,&nbsp;Ghazal Arjmand,&nbsp;Alireza Noroozi,&nbsp;Alireza Shojaei,&nbsp;Ava Amiri,&nbsp;Farzin Vahedi,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mahalleh,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Shamsabadi,&nbsp;Mohsen Dashti,&nbsp;Amir Masoud Afsahi,&nbsp;Esmaeil Mehraeen,&nbsp;Omid Dadras","doi":"10.2174/1871526523666230413082721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871526523666230413082721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 cause pneumonia can spread across the lung and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases. Post-exposure prophylaxis has shown great potential to prevent the transmission of some viral infections; however, such results for COVID-19 are still inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the resources that utilized postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for COVID-19 and the possible clinical benefits of such drugs. An organized search of relevant literature was done using the keywords and search queries on public databases of Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from December 2019 to August 23, 2021. Original resources that had the inclusion criteria were included after two-phase title/abstract and full-text screenings. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 841 retrieved records 17 resources were appropriate to include in the systematic review. Hydroxychloroquine with a daily dose of 400-800 mg and a duration of 5-14 days was the most frequently used agent for PEP. Chloroquine was recommended to use to control treatment in patients with mild to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Other agents like Lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r), angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), Vitamin D, arbidol, thymosin drugs, and Xin guan no.1 (XG.1, a Chinese formula medicine) have also been applied in some studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence demonstrated no established clinical benefits of any drug as PEP in individuals with COVID-19. However, scarce indication occurs for the beneficial effects of some agents, but more studies are needed to explore such effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":13678,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biofilm Formation Status in ESBL-Producing Bacteria Recovered from Clinical Specimens of Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 从患者临床标本中回收的产esbl细菌的生物膜形成状况:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220920141631
Masoud Keikha, Mohsen Karbalaei

Background: Recently, the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria have become a global health concern. In addition, the ability to form biofilm due to less impermeability to antibiotics and the horizontal transformation (conjugation) of genes involved in antibiotic resistance have exacerbated the concerns. With a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study evaluated the potential relationship between ESBL and biofilm formation.

Methods: A literature search was performed using global databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, up to November 2021. We retrieved all relevant documents and selected eligible articles based on inclusion criteria. Finally, the potential association between the biofilm formation capacity and resistance of ESBL-producing bacteria was measured with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.

Results: In the present study, 17 articles, including 2,069 Gram-negative isolates, were considered as eligible. The prevalence of biofilm formation in all clinical isolates of ESBL and non-ESBL pathogens was 72.4% (95% CI: 60.7-81.6) and 40.5% (95% CI: 30.2-51.8), respectively. Our results showed a positive relationship between the ability for biofilm formation and conferring antibiotic resistance in ESBL-producing bacteria (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.67-6.74; p-value: 0.001).

Conclusion: In general, we showed the rate of biofilm formation to be significantly higher in ESBLproducing strains. Given the current results, the updated therapeutic guidelines should consider the role of biofilm production for optimal therapy, treatment course, and clinical outcomes rather than the recommendation of antimicrobial agents by focusing on the results of the antibiotic susceptibility test.

背景:近年来,广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBL)细菌的出现和传播已成为全球关注的健康问题。此外,由于对抗生素的不渗透性较低而形成生物膜的能力以及参与抗生素耐药性的基因的水平转化(偶联)加剧了人们的担忧。通过综合meta分析,本研究评估了ESBL与生物膜形成之间的潜在关系。方法:使用PubMed、Scopus等全球数据库进行文献检索,检索时间截止到2021年11月。我们检索了所有相关文献,并根据纳入标准选择了符合条件的文章。最后,以比值比和95%置信区间测量产esbl细菌的生物膜形成能力与耐药性之间的潜在关联。结果:在本研究中,17篇文章,包括2069株革兰氏阴性分离株,被认为是合格的。所有临床分离的ESBL和非ESBL病原体中生物膜形成的发生率分别为72.4% (95% CI: 60.7-81.6)和40.5% (95% CI: 30.2-51.8)。我们的研究结果表明,在产生esbl的细菌中,生物膜形成能力与赋予抗生素耐药性之间存在正相关关系(OR: 3.35;95% ci: 1.67-6.74;假定值:0.001)。结论:总的来说,我们发现产esbls菌株的生物膜形成率明显更高。鉴于目前的结果,更新的治疗指南应考虑生物膜生产在最佳治疗、疗程和临床结果中的作用,而不是通过关注抗生素敏感性试验的结果来推荐抗菌药物。
{"title":"Biofilm Formation Status in ESBL-Producing Bacteria Recovered from Clinical Specimens of Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Masoud Keikha,&nbsp;Mohsen Karbalaei","doi":"10.2174/1871526522666220920141631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871526522666220920141631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria have become a global health concern. In addition, the ability to form biofilm due to less impermeability to antibiotics and the horizontal transformation (conjugation) of genes involved in antibiotic resistance have exacerbated the concerns. With a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study evaluated the potential relationship between ESBL and biofilm formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was performed using global databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, up to November 2021. We retrieved all relevant documents and selected eligible articles based on inclusion criteria. Finally, the potential association between the biofilm formation capacity and resistance of ESBL-producing bacteria was measured with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, 17 articles, including 2,069 Gram-negative isolates, were considered as eligible. The prevalence of biofilm formation in all clinical isolates of ESBL and non-ESBL pathogens was 72.4% (95% CI: 60.7-81.6) and 40.5% (95% CI: 30.2-51.8), respectively. Our results showed a positive relationship between the ability for biofilm formation and conferring antibiotic resistance in ESBL-producing bacteria (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.67-6.74; p-value: 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, we showed the rate of biofilm formation to be significantly higher in ESBLproducing strains. Given the current results, the updated therapeutic guidelines should consider the role of biofilm production for optimal therapy, treatment course, and clinical outcomes rather than the recommendation of antimicrobial agents by focusing on the results of the antibiotic susceptibility test.</p>","PeriodicalId":13678,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Infectious disorders drug targets
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