Marigold plants were grown from seed in 6 inch clay pots for ten weeks (10 inches-12 inches tall) in a research greenhouse infested with whitefly at Michigan State University. The plants were watered by a drip irrigation system for 4 min each day, 3 d per wk (Mon, Wed, and Fri). Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Precounts were made from 5 leaves per plant on 21 Jul. Insecticides were applied with an R&D C02 sprayer with a single 8008 nozzle at 50 psi until runoff. Whitefly larvae and pupae on the undersides of leaves were counted on 12 Aug by sampling 5 leaves per plant.
{"title":"Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Marigolds, 1992","authors":"D. Smitley, T. Davis, K. Kearns","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.334","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Marigold plants were grown from seed in 6 inch clay pots for ten weeks (10 inches-12 inches tall) in a research greenhouse infested with whitefly at Michigan State University. The plants were watered by a drip irrigation system for 4 min each day, 3 d per wk (Mon, Wed, and Fri). Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Precounts were made from 5 leaves per plant on 21 Jul. Insecticides were applied with an R&D C02 sprayer with a single 8008 nozzle at 50 psi until runoff. Whitefly larvae and pupae on the undersides of leaves were counted on 12 Aug by sampling 5 leaves per plant.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76779834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A small plot study was conducted in Weslaco, Texas to evaluate two formulations of jojoba oil for control efficacy against the SPWF on cucumbers. Experimental plots measured one row (40 in.) by 25 feet. Plots were separated by single row wind breaks of sudan grass. Treatments were initiated when plants were in approximately the 3 true leaf stage. Treatments consisted of jojoba oil mixed with lauryl sulfate and a premix jojoba oil. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 40 PSI, with 3 lOx hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops) in a total volume of 50 GPA. Applications were made on 1, 7 and 12 Oct 1992. Adult SPWF were monitored 24 hours after each application by counting the number of adults on the first fully expanded leaf from the terminal on three plants in each plot. Immature stages were monitored on 9 and 14 Oct on two randomly selected plants per plot. Two leaves were removed from each plant (4th and 6th leaf from the terminal on 9 Oct; 5th and 7th leaf from the terminal on 14 Oct) and brought into the laboratory for counting. Two 2.2 cm diameter disks were cut from each leaf using a cork borer and the total number of immatures were counted on these disks (8 disks per plot).
{"title":"Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Formulations for Spwf Control on Cucumbers, 1992","authors":"A. Sparks","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.130","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A small plot study was conducted in Weslaco, Texas to evaluate two formulations of jojoba oil for control efficacy against the SPWF on cucumbers. Experimental plots measured one row (40 in.) by 25 feet. Plots were separated by single row wind breaks of sudan grass. Treatments were initiated when plants were in approximately the 3 true leaf stage. Treatments consisted of jojoba oil mixed with lauryl sulfate and a premix jojoba oil. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 40 PSI, with 3 lOx hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops) in a total volume of 50 GPA. Applications were made on 1, 7 and 12 Oct 1992. Adult SPWF were monitored 24 hours after each application by counting the number of adults on the first fully expanded leaf from the terminal on three plants in each plot. Immature stages were monitored on 9 and 14 Oct on two randomly selected plants per plot. Two leaves were removed from each plant (4th and 6th leaf from the terminal on 9 Oct; 5th and 7th leaf from the terminal on 14 Oct) and brought into the laboratory for counting. Two 2.2 cm diameter disks were cut from each leaf using a cork borer and the total number of immatures were counted on these disks (8 disks per plot).","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76827329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 160-acre pasture near Belle Fourche, SD was chosen for evaluating the efficacy of Dimilin (diflubenzuron) 1.0% bait to rangeland grasshoppers. Major forage species in the site were cool and warm-season perennial grasses. Basal coverage by all plants ranged from 50 to 70%. The site was divided into 16 contiguous plots of ten acres. Pre- and posttreatment densities were assessed by grasshopper counts in 40, 0.1 m2 rings arranged in a circle in the center of the plot. Before the treatments, Aulocara elliotti were 50% 2nd and 30% 3rd instars, M. confusus were 10% 3rd, 20% 4th and 50% 5th instars, and M. bivittatus were 60% 2nd instars. These three species respectively constituted 60, 15, and 10% of the grasshopper population in the site. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. The 16 plots were grouped into four blocks using 1-day pretreatment counts. The bait was applied on 14-15 Jun. The delivery system consisted of a Brie-Mar Model 60 bran applicator mounted on a pickup truck and provided a 13 m swath. Grasshopper counts were conducted 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 DAT. Natural change in grasshopper densities was determined by counts from untreated plots. Posttreatment survival rates based on pretreatment counts on the same treated plots were adjusted for natural population fluctuations by a modified Abbott's formula and expressed as percent grasshopper reduction. Prior to treatment, the average grasshopper density in untreated plots was lower than that in plots to be treated.
选择SD Belle Fourche附近一个160英亩的牧场，评价了1.0% Dimilin (diflubenzuron)诱饵对草地蚱蜢的效果。草料种类以寒季和暖季多年生牧草为主。所有植物的基部盖度在50% ~ 70%之间。场地被分成16块连续的地块，每块10英亩。处理前和处理后的密度通过蝗虫计数来评估，在地块中心排成40个0.1 m2的圆圈。处理前，2龄和3龄奥氏天牛占50%、3龄30%，3龄大仓鼠占10%、5龄大仓鼠占20%、5龄大仓鼠占50%，2龄双棱仓鼠占60%。这3种分别占样地蝗虫种群的60%、15%和10%。在RCB中重复处理4次。使用1天预处理计数将16个地块分为4个区块。饵剂于6月14日至15日施用。投放系统由安装在皮卡车上的Brie-Mar 60型麸皮投放器组成，并提供13米宽的范围。分别于7、14、21、28、60天进行蝗虫计数。蝗虫密度的自然变化是通过对未处理地块的计数来确定的。在同一处理地块上，基于预处理计数的处理后存活率通过改进的雅培公式调整为自然种群波动，并表示为蝗虫减少百分比。处理前，未处理地块的平均蝗虫密度低于待处理地块。
{"title":"Ground Application of Dimilin 1.0% Bran Bait to Rangeland Grasshoppers, 1991","authors":"B. Fuller, T. Wang","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.340a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.340a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A 160-acre pasture near Belle Fourche, SD was chosen for evaluating the efficacy of Dimilin (diflubenzuron) 1.0% bait to rangeland grasshoppers. Major forage species in the site were cool and warm-season perennial grasses. Basal coverage by all plants ranged from 50 to 70%. The site was divided into 16 contiguous plots of ten acres. Pre- and posttreatment densities were assessed by grasshopper counts in 40, 0.1 m2 rings arranged in a circle in the center of the plot. Before the treatments, Aulocara elliotti were 50% 2nd and 30% 3rd instars, M. confusus were 10% 3rd, 20% 4th and 50% 5th instars, and M. bivittatus were 60% 2nd instars. These three species respectively constituted 60, 15, and 10% of the grasshopper population in the site. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. The 16 plots were grouped into four blocks using 1-day pretreatment counts. The bait was applied on 14-15 Jun. The delivery system consisted of a Brie-Mar Model 60 bran applicator mounted on a pickup truck and provided a 13 m swath. Grasshopper counts were conducted 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 DAT. Natural change in grasshopper densities was determined by counts from untreated plots. Posttreatment survival rates based on pretreatment counts on the same treated plots were adjusted for natural population fluctuations by a modified Abbott's formula and expressed as percent grasshopper reduction. Prior to treatment, the average grasshopper density in untreated plots was lower than that in plots to be treated.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77219120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selected microbial insecticides (Biobit, Condor, Dipel ES, Agree, Javelin, EXP 60516A and Delta Bt) were evaluated for efficacy against the soybean looper. Soybeans were planted 3 Jun on a Sharkey clay soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were 19.82 m X 4 rows (1.02 m row spacing), replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Test treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots. Spray volume was calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha with two 80015 fiat fan nozzles/row. Application was to all 4 rows of the plots on 23 Aug. The soybeans were in the R5 growth stage at the time of application. Fifty sweep samples per plot were taken at 3 and 6 DAT using a 38.2 cm diam sweep net. Rainfall amounts were 0.31 inch on 22 Aug, 0.28 inch on 26 Aug and 0.31 inch on 28 Aug.
选用微生物杀虫剂(Biobit、Condor、Dipel ES、Agree、Javelin、EXP 60516A和Delta Bt)对大豆环虫进行了防治效果评价。大豆于6月3日在洛杉矶圣约瑟夫东北研究站的沙基粘土上种植。地块为19.82 m × 4行(行距1.02 m)，采用随机完全区组设计重复4次。试验处理是用拖拉机安装的吊杆进行的，吊杆上装有压缩空气系统，用于喷洒小块土地。喷雾量被校准为93.5升/公顷，两个80015菲亚特风扇喷嘴/排。8月23日对4行地块全部施施，施施时大豆正处于R5生育期。使用直径38.2 cm的扫描网，在3和6个数据点采集每个地块50个扫描样本。8月22日、26日和28日的降雨量分别为0.31英寸、0.28英寸和0.31英寸。
{"title":"Soybean Looper Control with Reduced Rates of Selected Biological Insecticides, 1991:","authors":"E. Burris, B. R. Leonard","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.268","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Selected microbial insecticides (Biobit, Condor, Dipel ES, Agree, Javelin, EXP 60516A and Delta Bt) were evaluated for efficacy against the soybean looper. Soybeans were planted 3 Jun on a Sharkey clay soil at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were 19.82 m X 4 rows (1.02 m row spacing), replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Test treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots. Spray volume was calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha with two 80015 fiat fan nozzles/row. Application was to all 4 rows of the plots on 23 Aug. The soybeans were in the R5 growth stage at the time of application. Fifty sweep samples per plot were taken at 3 and 6 DAT using a 38.2 cm diam sweep net. Rainfall amounts were 0.31 inch on 22 Aug, 0.28 inch on 26 Aug and 0.31 inch on 28 Aug.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82227143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Performance of aerially applied permethrin against ECB was evaluated using 2 different volumes of water carrier. The site was a 135.9 ha commercial corn field located north of Sauk Centre, Stearns county, MN, planted on 5 May, at a population of 71,662 plants/ha. The plots, which measured 15.2 m by 304.8 m (0.91 m row spacing), were established on 12 Jul. Treatments included permethrin @ 0.17 kg(AI)/ha aerially applied with 18.7 liter/ha water and 28.01 liter/ha water and an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied in a 15 m swath by a Piper Brave equipped with MultiTeeJet (46 core with no. 7 spinner) nozzles on 13 Jul from 6-9 pm under light winds (4.8-14.5 km/h) and moderate temperatures (17.8-21.1 C). Performance was evaluated on 22 Sep by dissecting 10 plants at 5 locations per plot and recording the number of tunnels per plant, and on 8 Nov by harvesting the plots. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data include ANOVA and LSD.
采用2种不同体积的载水剂，评价了氯菊酯航投防ECB的性能。试验地点是一块135.9公顷的商业玉米田，位于明尼苏达州斯特恩斯县Sauk中心以北，于5月5日种植，产量为71,662株/公顷。稻田面积为15.2 m × 304.8 m(行距0.91 m)，稻田面积为15.2 m × 304.8 m，施用氯菊酯0.17 kg(AI)/ha，分别以18.7 l /ha和28.01 l /ha的水处理。处理被安排在一个随机完全区，4个重复。使用配备MultiTeeJet(46芯)的Piper Brave在15米范围内施用杀虫剂。7月13日晚上6-9点，在微风(4.8-14.5 km/h)和中等温度(17.8-21.1℃)条件下，使用7个旋转器喷嘴。9月22日，通过在每个地块5个地点解剖10株植物并记录每个植物的隧道数量来评估绩效，11月8日通过收获地块来评估绩效。用于分析数据的统计程序包括方差分析和LSD。
{"title":"Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1992","authors":"J. Luedeman, K. Ostlie","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.205","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Performance of aerially applied permethrin against ECB was evaluated using 2 different volumes of water carrier. The site was a 135.9 ha commercial corn field located north of Sauk Centre, Stearns county, MN, planted on 5 May, at a population of 71,662 plants/ha. The plots, which measured 15.2 m by 304.8 m (0.91 m row spacing), were established on 12 Jul. Treatments included permethrin @ 0.17 kg(AI)/ha aerially applied with 18.7 liter/ha water and 28.01 liter/ha water and an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied in a 15 m swath by a Piper Brave equipped with MultiTeeJet (46 core with no. 7 spinner) nozzles on 13 Jul from 6-9 pm under light winds (4.8-14.5 km/h) and moderate temperatures (17.8-21.1 C). Performance was evaluated on 22 Sep by dissecting 10 plants at 5 locations per plot and recording the number of tunnels per plant, and on 8 Nov by harvesting the plots. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data include ANOVA and LSD.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78941981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seedlings of K-K Cross cabbage were transplanted on 11 Jun in a soil classified as clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents in Yigo, Guam. A plot consisted of four 1.2 m rows with the length of 3.7 m. There were 8 plants per row. Three treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with back-pack sprayers on 22 and 28 Jul. Numbers of larvae and pupae/6 plants in two inner rows were recorded on 20, 22, 24, 27, 30 Jul, 5 and 6 Aug. Plants were harvested on 11 Aug. wt, width and length of 10 heads per replication were recorded.
{"title":"Control of Diamondback Moth on Head Cabbage, 1992","authors":"M. Marutani, T. Lali, R. Muniappan","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Seedlings of K-K Cross cabbage were transplanted on 11 Jun in a soil classified as clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents in Yigo, Guam. A plot consisted of four 1.2 m rows with the length of 3.7 m. There were 8 plants per row. Three treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with back-pack sprayers on 22 and 28 Jul. Numbers of larvae and pupae/6 plants in two inner rows were recorded on 20, 22, 24, 27, 30 Jul, 5 and 6 Aug. Plants were harvested on 11 Aug. wt, width and length of 10 heads per replication were recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for 2nd generation European corn borer were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 19 Aug. Liquid formulated insecticides were applied with a Hahn hi-boy calibrated to deliver 19 gal/acre at 30 psi. Granular formulated insecticides were applied with Noble granulator units mounted on the same Hahn hi-boy with 10 inch row banders. Forty-eight h prior to application, 6 black headed egg masses on paper disc were pinned to the middle portion of 10 marked corn plants in each replicate. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. On 21 Sep, 10 marked plants per replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer larvae recorded.
8月19日，在美国东北部迪克森县的灌溉玉米地块上施用了已注册和未注册的第二代欧洲玉米螟虫杀虫剂，液体配方杀虫剂与Hahn high -boy一起施用，在30 psi的压力下，剂量为19加仑/英亩。颗粒配方杀虫剂与诺布尔造粒装置一起施用，该装置安装在同一Hahn hi-boy上，配有10英寸行条幅机。施用前48 h，每个重复将6个黑头蛋团钉在10株有标记的玉米植株的中部。试验设计为随机完全区组，设4个重复。9月21日，每个重复从抽穗到地面解剖10株标记植株，检测并记录玉米螟幼虫数。
{"title":"Control of Second Generation European Corn Borer in Corn 1992","authors":"J. Witkowski","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for 2nd generation European corn borer were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 19 Aug. Liquid formulated insecticides were applied with a Hahn hi-boy calibrated to deliver 19 gal/acre at 30 psi. Granular formulated insecticides were applied with Noble granulator units mounted on the same Hahn hi-boy with 10 inch row banders. Forty-eight h prior to application, 6 black headed egg masses on paper disc were pinned to the middle portion of 10 marked corn plants in each replicate. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. On 21 Sep, 10 marked plants per replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer larvae recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86351251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was located on a golf course fairway at Jeromesville. Insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes were applied 29 Jun to plots 2.4 X 3.1 m arranged in RCB replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 2.46 kg/cm2 pressure that delivered a volume of 407 liter/ha. Nematodes were applied with a CO2 sprayer using Teejet 8015 noziles at 3.87 kg/cm2 pressure that delivered a spray volume of 990 liter/ha. The experimental area was irrigated approximately 6.4 mm after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. BTA populations was ca. 40/0.1 m2, 60% 1st, 20% 2nd, 20% 3rd instars. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were: turf: level, dry, 1.6 cm height, 50% annual bluegrass, 30% perennial ryegrass, 20% annual bluegrass; thatch: dense, moist, 1.3 cm; soil: moist, 65°F at 2.54 cm and 67°F at 7.62 cm; weather: sunny, 64°F, wind 0-8 km/h; water: pH 6.65. Efficacy data were taken on 7 and 9 Jul (8 & 10 DAT) based on the number of live BTA larvae and pupae in 6, 10.8 cm diam samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.
这项研究是在杰罗姆斯维尔的一个高尔夫球场球道上进行的。6月29日，在2.4 X 3.1 m的地块上施用杀虫剂和昆虫病原线虫，布置在重复4次的RCB中。颗粒状杀虫剂使用滴药喷雾器，液体使用CO2喷雾器，使用Teejet XR8006VS喷嘴，压力为2.46 kg/cm2，体积为407升/公顷。线虫使用Teejet 8015喷嘴进行CO2喷雾，压力为3.87 kg/cm2，喷雾量为990 l /ha。在施用所有处理后，但在喷雾剂在草叶上干燥之前，对试验区进行约6.4 mm的灌溉。种群数约为40/0.1 m2, 1龄占60%，2龄占20%，3龄占20%。处理时的环境条件为:草皮:平整、干燥、1.6 cm高、50%一年生蓝草、30%多年生黑麦草、20%一年生蓝草;茅草:浓密，潮湿，1.3厘米;土壤:湿润，2.54厘米65华氏度，7.62厘米67华氏度;天气:晴朗，64华氏度，风速0-8公里/小时;水:pH值6.65。分别于7月7日和9日(8日和10日)根据每个小区直径为6、10.8 cm的样本中BTA幼虫和蛹的活虫数进行药效测定。未观察到植物毒性。
{"title":"Control of the Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway in Ashland County, Oh, 1992","authors":"K. Power, D. Shetlar, H. Niemczyk, M. Belcher","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.323a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.323a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study was located on a golf course fairway at Jeromesville. Insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes were applied 29 Jun to plots 2.4 X 3.1 m arranged in RCB replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 2.46 kg/cm2 pressure that delivered a volume of 407 liter/ha. Nematodes were applied with a CO2 sprayer using Teejet 8015 noziles at 3.87 kg/cm2 pressure that delivered a spray volume of 990 liter/ha. The experimental area was irrigated approximately 6.4 mm after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. BTA populations was ca. 40/0.1 m2, 60% 1st, 20% 2nd, 20% 3rd instars. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were: turf: level, dry, 1.6 cm height, 50% annual bluegrass, 30% perennial ryegrass, 20% annual bluegrass; thatch: dense, moist, 1.3 cm; soil: moist, 65°F at 2.54 cm and 67°F at 7.62 cm; weather: sunny, 64°F, wind 0-8 km/h; water: pH 6.65. Efficacy data were taken on 7 and 9 Jul (8 & 10 DAT) based on the number of live BTA larvae and pupae in 6, 10.8 cm diam samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86396128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatments consisted of double rows (25 ft) planted 26 Tun; 3 ft apart and placed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. There was a 15 ft alleyway between each replication with 2 unsprayed buffer rows between treatments. A tractor-powered, 2-row planter was used for seeding. The plot was located at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, New York. Sprays were applied 4 (blossom stage), 11, and 25 Aug. The tractor-mounted sprayer was equipped with a 2-row boom with 3 nozzles/row and delivered 50 gal/acre at 50 psi. Plot evaluations on 1 Sep were conducted by harvesting all pods from consecutive plants for a 1 lb sample from each treatment in each replication. TPB damage was calculated from the no. of pods injured/1 lb sample and then recorded on a percentage basis. MBB counts were made from 25 consecutive plants from each treatment in each replication with no. of larvae recorded.
{"title":"Spray Evaluations for Bean Insects, 1992","authors":"D. Webb, C. Eckenrode, M. L. Hessney","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treatments consisted of double rows (25 ft) planted 26 Tun; 3 ft apart and placed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. There was a 15 ft alleyway between each replication with 2 unsprayed buffer rows between treatments. A tractor-powered, 2-row planter was used for seeding. The plot was located at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, New York. Sprays were applied 4 (blossom stage), 11, and 25 Aug. The tractor-mounted sprayer was equipped with a 2-row boom with 3 nozzles/row and delivered 50 gal/acre at 50 psi. Plot evaluations on 1 Sep were conducted by harvesting all pods from consecutive plants for a 1 lb sample from each treatment in each replication. TPB damage was calculated from the no. of pods injured/1 lb sample and then recorded on a percentage basis. MBB counts were made from 25 consecutive plants from each treatment in each replication with no. of larvae recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86433607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorsban alone or in combination with a wetting agent, Kinetic, was evaluated for control of CM. The test was conducted in an orchard located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Columbia View plots near Wenatchee. Test trees were 10- to 12-year-old Golden Delicious on a dwarfing root. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test consisted of four single tree replicates in randomized completed blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Applications were timed to coincide with hatch of CM eggs as predicted by a degree day model. The first application was made on 12 May at 250 degree days following first moth capture in pheromone traps. The second application was made 21 days following the first. The third application was made on 1 Jul, 1250 degree days following capture of the first moth of the year, and the fourth application was made on 21 Jul. Weather during application periods was generally good with little wind and no precipitation. CM pressure in the orchard was high. Mites were sampled in Jun and Jul. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.
{"title":"Apple, Seasonal Control of Codling Moth, 1992","authors":"J. Brunner, L. Smith","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lorsban alone or in combination with a wetting agent, Kinetic, was evaluated for control of CM. The test was conducted in an orchard located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Columbia View plots near Wenatchee. Test trees were 10- to 12-year-old Golden Delicious on a dwarfing root. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test consisted of four single tree replicates in randomized completed blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Applications were timed to coincide with hatch of CM eggs as predicted by a degree day model. The first application was made on 12 May at 250 degree days following first moth capture in pheromone traps. The second application was made 21 days following the first. The third application was made on 1 Jul, 1250 degree days following capture of the first moth of the year, and the fourth application was made on 21 Jul. Weather during application periods was generally good with little wind and no precipitation. CM pressure in the orchard was high. Mites were sampled in Jun and Jul. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83869376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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