Formulated insecticides were evaluated for toxicity to tarnished plant bugs in the laboratory. Bioassays were conducted by applying insecticides to cotton terminals (‘STV 213’) held in water pics using a laboratory spray table. Tarnished plant bugs (2-3 d old adults) were collected from wild host plants on 11 Jun; treatments were applied on 12 Jun. The spray table was calibrated to deliver 6 gal/acre at 2 mph with 30 psi at one TX6 nozzle. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 15 terminals/replicate. Controls were treated with water only. One tarnished plant bug (unsexed) was placed on each terminal 30 min after spraying and held in ventilated cups at 85°F and 55-60% RH. Mortality was determined at 72 h and 96 h after spraying. Data were transformed to arcin J for analysis; actual percent mortalities are shown.
{"title":"Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1992","authors":"G. Elzen","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.366","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Formulated insecticides were evaluated for toxicity to tarnished plant bugs in the laboratory. Bioassays were conducted by applying insecticides to cotton terminals (‘STV 213’) held in water pics using a laboratory spray table. Tarnished plant bugs (2-3 d old adults) were collected from wild host plants on 11 Jun; treatments were applied on 12 Jun. The spray table was calibrated to deliver 6 gal/acre at 2 mph with 30 psi at one TX6 nozzle. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 15 terminals/replicate. Controls were treated with water only. One tarnished plant bug (unsexed) was placed on each terminal 30 min after spraying and held in ventilated cups at 85°F and 55-60% RH. Mortality was determined at 72 h and 96 h after spraying. Data were transformed to arcin J for analysis; actual percent mortalities are shown.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91329877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted 21 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (150 lb/acre 19-19-19). Two NTN 33893 soil treatments were applied at planting using a Gandy 901 Jr. insecticide applicator that delivered the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 19 May with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF which was then incorporated. Fungicide, Mancozeb at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 19 Jul, 14, 21, and 26 Aug. Paraquat, 2 pt/acre, was applied 10 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 10 ft alleys separating plots and 10 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots in early Jul. The NTN 33893 foliar treatments were applied on 7 Jul only. Other foliar applications were made 7, 19 Jul 8 and 21 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of adults, eggs, small (instar 1-2), and large (instar 3-4) larvae were counted, and percent defoliation was visually estimated, in five lm lengths of row per plot approximately five d after each application. Potato leafhoppers (PLH) and hopperburn were sampled on 26 Sep. The number of vines with hopperburn in each of five lm lengths of row per plot was visually estimated. PLH were sampled by vacuuming five lm lengths of row per plot using a modified leafblower with a 5 inch diameter suction tube. The samples were frozen and counted under a microscope. Harvest was on 29 Sep and grading was finished by 2 Oct.
{"title":"Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1992","authors":"T. Vaughn, C. Hoy","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted 21 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (150 lb/acre 19-19-19). Two NTN 33893 soil treatments were applied at planting using a Gandy 901 Jr. insecticide applicator that delivered the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 19 May with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF which was then incorporated. Fungicide, Mancozeb at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 19 Jul, 14, 21, and 26 Aug. Paraquat, 2 pt/acre, was applied 10 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 10 ft alleys separating plots and 10 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots in early Jul. The NTN 33893 foliar treatments were applied on 7 Jul only. Other foliar applications were made 7, 19 Jul 8 and 21 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of adults, eggs, small (instar 1-2), and large (instar 3-4) larvae were counted, and percent defoliation was visually estimated, in five lm lengths of row per plot approximately five d after each application. Potato leafhoppers (PLH) and hopperburn were sampled on 26 Sep. The number of vines with hopperburn in each of five lm lengths of row per plot was visually estimated. PLH were sampled by vacuuming five lm lengths of row per plot using a modified leafblower with a 5 inch diameter suction tube. The samples were frozen and counted under a microscope. Harvest was on 29 Sep and grading was finished by 2 Oct.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"59 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 10 Feb, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal spray treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 6, 16, 26, 31 Mar, 6, 13, 21 Apr, 4, 13, 19, 27 May, 3 and 11 June. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with #3 disks and 25° cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gal/acre were applied the first four applications (4 nozzles), 90 gal/acre the next three applications (6 nozzles) and 120 gal/acre for the remaining six applications (8 nozzles). The Bay NTN treatments were applied as soil drenches on 2-3 Mar. On 5 Jun the number of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted in a 1 minute search of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants from the middle row of each plot on 8 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae and pupae exuviae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of tomato mottle virus, a geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. One to two days following each insecticide application, a single, 1% inch square yellow sticky trap was placed in the middle row of each plot for 24 hrs and the number of whitefly adults trapped were counted. The traps were located adjacent to a plant 9-10 inches above the soil surface perpendicular to the ground surface and to the row. All fruit of marketable size was harvested on 18, 29 May and 9 Jun and the fruit was sized, counted and weighed.
{"title":"Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1992","authors":"D. Schuster","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.177","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On 10 Feb, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal spray treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 6, 16, 26, 31 Mar, 6, 13, 21 Apr, 4, 13, 19, 27 May, 3 and 11 June. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with #3 disks and 25° cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gal/acre were applied the first four applications (4 nozzles), 90 gal/acre the next three applications (6 nozzles) and 120 gal/acre for the remaining six applications (8 nozzles). The Bay NTN treatments were applied as soil drenches on 2-3 Mar. On 5 Jun the number of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted in a 1 minute search of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants from the middle row of each plot on 8 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae and pupae exuviae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of tomato mottle virus, a geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. One to two days following each insecticide application, a single, 1% inch square yellow sticky trap was placed in the middle row of each plot for 24 hrs and the number of whitefly adults trapped were counted. The traps were located adjacent to a plant 9-10 inches above the soil surface perpendicular to the ground surface and to the row. All fruit of marketable size was harvested on 18, 29 May and 9 Jun and the fruit was sized, counted and weighed.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sirota, E. Grafius, B. Ferrari, P. Kolarik, B. Scriber, S. Simstad, W. Boylan-Pett
Two fields in Bay Co., MI, were selected for trials using the insect growth regulator Trigard against CPB. ‘Onaway’ potatoes were planted on 17 Apr 1991, and 3 May 1991, respectively, and were managed by growers Brian Hugo and Jim Kryszak. Plots measuring 14 rows wide by 60 feet long were established in each field on 7 Jun in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were: 0.125 lb (AI)/acre (low rate); 0.25 lb (AI)/acre (medium rate); and 0.375 lb (AI)/acre (high rate; and an untreated control. The fields were sprayed on 7 and 19 Jun using a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 25 gal/acre and 40 psi. A maintenance spray program using insecticides effective against adult beetles was started on all plots the second week of Jul, after the summer adults had emerged. A pre-spray count of CPB egg masses, adults, and small and large larvae from one or two plants per plot was taken on 7 Jun. High numbers of large larvae were already present in the Hugo field at this time. Four plants per plot were sampled on 13, 20, 27 Jun and 2 Jul. On 2 Jul a qualitative defoliation rating was given to each plot based on the percent of plants in each of five defoliation categories. Potatoes were harvested from two 10-ft sections of row per plot in 19 Aug, sized and weighed.
{"title":"Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Trigard, 1991","authors":"J. Sirota, E. Grafius, B. Ferrari, P. Kolarik, B. Scriber, S. Simstad, W. Boylan-Pett","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two fields in Bay Co., MI, were selected for trials using the insect growth regulator Trigard against CPB. ‘Onaway’ potatoes were planted on 17 Apr 1991, and 3 May 1991, respectively, and were managed by growers Brian Hugo and Jim Kryszak. Plots measuring 14 rows wide by 60 feet long were established in each field on 7 Jun in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were: 0.125 lb (AI)/acre (low rate); 0.25 lb (AI)/acre (medium rate); and 0.375 lb (AI)/acre (high rate; and an untreated control. The fields were sprayed on 7 and 19 Jun using a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 25 gal/acre and 40 psi. A maintenance spray program using insecticides effective against adult beetles was started on all plots the second week of Jul, after the summer adults had emerged. A pre-spray count of CPB egg masses, adults, and small and large larvae from one or two plants per plot was taken on 7 Jun. High numbers of large larvae were already present in the Hugo field at this time. Four plants per plot were sampled on 13, 20, 27 Jun and 2 Jul. On 2 Jul a qualitative defoliation rating was given to each plot based on the percent of plants in each of five defoliation categories. Potatoes were harvested from two 10-ft sections of row per plot in 19 Aug, sized and weighed.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76562264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 30 Apr with a 2-row transplanter. The soil type was Norfolk loamy sand and soil moisture was good. Individual plots were 2 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a randomized-complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. On 1 May, the Confidor drench treatment was applied. Using a wooden stake, a hole was dug adjacent to each plant in the plot. Four oz of the insecticide suspension was applied in each hold to deliver 0.01 gr [AI] per plant. Once a wk after transplant, all plants in 1 row (20 plants) of the Confidor drench treatment and the control were rated for aphid abundance (0-7 scale). On 23 Jun, the entire test was rated for aphid abundance and the foliar treatments were applied. Foliar treatments (Confidor 240 FS at 50 gr [AL]/ha, Confidor 240 FS at 50 gr [AI]/ha tank mixed with Silwet L-77 at 8 oz per 100 gal, & Orthene TIS at 840 gr [AI]/ha) were applied using a 2-row, CO2-powered sprayer. Materials were applied through a single D2-33 Spraying Systems full-cone nozzle per row at 414 kpa (60 psi) and a delivery rate of 234 li/ha (25 gal/acre). At 3, 10 and 17 d after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots was rated (0-7). Using these aphid abundance data, the avg aphid ratings were calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
{"title":"Control of Tobacco Aphids with Confidor and Orthene, 1992:","authors":"E. Lampert, A. Stephenson, A. Etheridge","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.283","url":null,"abstract":"Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 30 Apr with a 2-row transplanter. The soil type was Norfolk loamy sand and soil moisture was good. Individual plots were 2 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a randomized-complete block design with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. On 1 May, the Confidor drench treatment was applied. Using a wooden stake, a hole was dug adjacent to each plant in the plot. Four oz of the insecticide suspension was applied in each hold to deliver 0.01 gr [AI] per plant. Once a wk after transplant, all plants in 1 row (20 plants) of the Confidor drench treatment and the control were rated for aphid abundance (0-7 scale). On 23 Jun, the entire test was rated for aphid abundance and the foliar treatments were applied. Foliar treatments (Confidor 240 FS at 50 gr [AL]/ha, Confidor 240 FS at 50 gr [AI]/ha tank mixed with Silwet L-77 at 8 oz per 100 gal, & Orthene TIS at 840 gr [AI]/ha) were applied using a 2-row, CO2-powered sprayer. Materials were applied through a single D2-33 Spraying Systems full-cone nozzle per row at 414 kpa (60 psi) and a delivery rate of 234 li/ha (25 gal/acre). At 3, 10 and 17 d after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots was rated (0-7). Using these aphid abundance data, the avg aphid ratings were calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76562277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A small plot study was conducted to evaluate selected insecticides and combinations of insecticides for their efficacy against the SPWF in cucurbits. Cucumbers were planted in 40 inch beds with one guard row planted to sudan grass between each row. Experimental plots measuring one row by 25 feet were established shortly after plant emergence. Plots were arranged in a random complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at the three true leaf stage, with applications made on 1, 7 and 12 Oct, 1992. Insecticides were applied with the CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (40 PSI), with three lOx hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops), in a total volume of 50 GPA. Adult SPWF were monitored 24 hours after each application by counting the number of adults on the first fully expanded leaf from the growing terminal on three randomly selected plants per plot. For evaluation of immatures the 5th and 7th leaf were sampled on two randomly selected plants per plot. All immature SPWF were counted on two 2.2 cm diameter disks cut from each leaf (8 disks per plot).
{"title":"Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy for Spwf Control on Cucurrits, 1992","authors":"A. Sparks","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.129a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.129a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A small plot study was conducted to evaluate selected insecticides and combinations of insecticides for their efficacy against the SPWF in cucurbits. Cucumbers were planted in 40 inch beds with one guard row planted to sudan grass between each row. Experimental plots measuring one row by 25 feet were established shortly after plant emergence. Plots were arranged in a random complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at the three true leaf stage, with applications made on 1, 7 and 12 Oct, 1992. Insecticides were applied with the CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (40 PSI), with three lOx hollow cone nozzles per row (1 overtop, 2 on drops), in a total volume of 50 GPA. Adult SPWF were monitored 24 hours after each application by counting the number of adults on the first fully expanded leaf from the growing terminal on three randomly selected plants per plot. For evaluation of immatures the 5th and 7th leaf were sampled on two randomly selected plants per plot. All immature SPWF were counted on two 2.2 cm diameter disks cut from each leaf (8 disks per plot).","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78125849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four pesticides, carbaryl (Sevin XLR 3.75 ml per liter [3 pt/100 gal]); methyl parathion (Penncap M 7.5 ml/liter [1 pt/100 gal]); chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 50W 4.78 g/liter [3.99 lb/100 gal]); azinphosmethyl [Guthion 35W 4.78 g/liter] + methomyl (Lannate 7.5 ml/ liter [3.89 lb + 3 pt/100 gal respectively]), and a water control were evaluated (6X concentration) where X = 50 gal/acre in this experiment. RBLR larvae of various sizes and ages were collected in their leaf spin-ups from a commercial orchard where populations were sampled in our 1991 studies. Foliage used in the experiment was collected from unsprayed apple trees at the experiment station in Winchester. Solutions of each treatment pesticide were prepared in 1 gal jars. Twigs bearing more than 40 leaves (for each treatment) were dipped in the appropriate solution for 15 s and air dried in a fume hood. Twenty cages (1 larva per cage) per replicate were prepared as follows: two 9 dram plastic bottles made up the basic cage unit, one filled with water served as the basal unit. Two plastic vial covers with a small (.64 cm) hole centered in each were stapled together and put in place on top of the base vial. Two apple leaves (previously dipped and dried) were placed so as one leaf lay in close proximity to the other with the petioles extending through the container caps into water in the basal container. The point where the petioles passed through the cap was tightly closed with absorbent cotton to prevent larval escape. One field collected larva was gently removed from its spin-up with a camel’s hair brush and placed between the two leaves in each cage. Finally, the second ventilated plastic vial (which had a 3/4-in hole cut in the bottom that was covered with glued-in-place 100 mesh nylon screening) was inverted over the basal vial and snapped into place in the uppermost of the two previously prepared plastic covers. All cages were held in a room under normal light at 80°F (144°C). Larvae were examined after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h for mortality. Death was determined if the larva exhibited no movement after being probed gently.
{"title":"Apple, Pesticide Dip Test #1, 1992","authors":"R. Horsburgh, S. Kilmer, J. Warren","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.364","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Four pesticides, carbaryl (Sevin XLR 3.75 ml per liter [3 pt/100 gal]); methyl parathion (Penncap M 7.5 ml/liter [1 pt/100 gal]); chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 50W 4.78 g/liter [3.99 lb/100 gal]); azinphosmethyl [Guthion 35W 4.78 g/liter] + methomyl (Lannate 7.5 ml/ liter [3.89 lb + 3 pt/100 gal respectively]), and a water control were evaluated (6X concentration) where X = 50 gal/acre in this experiment. RBLR larvae of various sizes and ages were collected in their leaf spin-ups from a commercial orchard where populations were sampled in our 1991 studies. Foliage used in the experiment was collected from unsprayed apple trees at the experiment station in Winchester. Solutions of each treatment pesticide were prepared in 1 gal jars. Twigs bearing more than 40 leaves (for each treatment) were dipped in the appropriate solution for 15 s and air dried in a fume hood. Twenty cages (1 larva per cage) per replicate were prepared as follows: two 9 dram plastic bottles made up the basic cage unit, one filled with water served as the basal unit. Two plastic vial covers with a small (.64 cm) hole centered in each were stapled together and put in place on top of the base vial. Two apple leaves (previously dipped and dried) were placed so as one leaf lay in close proximity to the other with the petioles extending through the container caps into water in the basal container. The point where the petioles passed through the cap was tightly closed with absorbent cotton to prevent larval escape. One field collected larva was gently removed from its spin-up with a camel’s hair brush and placed between the two leaves in each cage. Finally, the second ventilated plastic vial (which had a 3/4-in hole cut in the bottom that was covered with glued-in-place 100 mesh nylon screening) was inverted over the basal vial and snapped into place in the uppermost of the two previously prepared plastic covers. All cages were held in a room under normal light at 80°F (144°C). Larvae were examined after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h for mortality. Death was determined if the larva exhibited no movement after being probed gently.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78283085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several insecticides and a commercially available nematode preparation for biological control were evaluated for caterpillar control on a bentgrass practice green at Pine Hollow Golf Course in Johnston Co. Experimental plots 10 ft wide x 30 ft long were established. Treatments with three replications were randomly selected. Soil and air temperature were both 84°F and soil moisture was adequate to preclude preirrigation. Spray formulations were applied to plots using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles delivering approx. 30 gal of spray/acre. Screens were removed from the sprayer to apply the Exhibit nematode treatment. Granular formulations were applied using shaker jars with perforated lids. Mocap could not be used on the bentgrass due to phytotoxicity, and this treatment was applied to an adjacent area of the fairway. Treatments were applied 9 Sep under intermittently cloudy skies. After application, all treatments were irrigated in with approx. 0.25 inch of water. Larvae were mostly of medium size. Plots were evaluated at 1 and 3 DAT by flushing three 1-m2 areas/plot with soapy water and taking counts of the emerging live worms. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are reported in the table.
在Johnston Co. Pine Hollow高尔夫球场的bentgrass练习草坪上，对几种杀虫剂和一种市售的线虫生物防治制剂的毛虫防治效果进行了评估。建立了10英尺宽x 30英尺长的试验田。随机选择三个重复的处理。土壤和空气温度均为84°F，土壤湿度足以阻止预灌溉。喷雾配方应用于地块，使用二氧化碳加压背包喷雾器，工作在40 psi，使用8002个扁平风扇喷嘴，提供大约。30加仑/英亩喷雾。从喷雾器上取下筛片，以施用展览线虫治疗。颗粒配方应用于有孔盖的摇瓶。由于植物毒性，动作捕捉不能用于弯草，这种处理应用于球道的邻近区域。9月9日，间歇多云天气下进行处理。施用后，所有处理均以约。0.25英寸的水。幼虫多为中等大小。通过用肥皂水冲洗3个1-m2的区域，并对新出现的活虫进行计数，在第1和第3天对小区进行评估。所有数据在分析前进行X + 0.5转换。实际平均数载于表中。
{"title":"Black Cutworm Control on Bentgrass Golf Greens, 1992:","authors":"R. Brandenburg, P. Hertl","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.306","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Several insecticides and a commercially available nematode preparation for biological control were evaluated for caterpillar control on a bentgrass practice green at Pine Hollow Golf Course in Johnston Co. Experimental plots 10 ft wide x 30 ft long were established. Treatments with three replications were randomly selected. Soil and air temperature were both 84°F and soil moisture was adequate to preclude preirrigation. Spray formulations were applied to plots using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles delivering approx. 30 gal of spray/acre. Screens were removed from the sprayer to apply the Exhibit nematode treatment. Granular formulations were applied using shaker jars with perforated lids. Mocap could not be used on the bentgrass due to phytotoxicity, and this treatment was applied to an adjacent area of the fairway. Treatments were applied 9 Sep under intermittently cloudy skies. After application, all treatments were irrigated in with approx. 0.25 inch of water. Larvae were mostly of medium size. Plots were evaluated at 1 and 3 DAT by flushing three 1-m2 areas/plot with soapy water and taking counts of the emerging live worms. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are reported in the table.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74803794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potatoes were planted on 30 Mar near Middletown, DE. Four row plots, 25 ft long and 30 inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized ATV 4-wheeled sprayer delivering 45 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 29 May; 3, 11, 17, and 25 Tun; 1 and 8 Jul. A CPB defoliation rating was taken on 7 Jul. Defoliation injury ratings of 1-5 were indexed as follows: (1) 1-20%; (2) 21-30%; (3) 31-50%; (4) 51-80%; (5) 81-100%. CPB evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of adults, small larvae (first and second instar) and large larvae (third and fourth instar). Plots were harvested and yield recorded (cwt/acre) on 30 Jul.
{"title":"Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Sprays, 1992","authors":"J. Whalen, M. Spellman","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.165","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Potatoes were planted on 30 Mar near Middletown, DE. Four row plots, 25 ft long and 30 inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized ATV 4-wheeled sprayer delivering 45 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 29 May; 3, 11, 17, and 25 Tun; 1 and 8 Jul. A CPB defoliation rating was taken on 7 Jul. Defoliation injury ratings of 1-5 were indexed as follows: (1) 1-20%; (2) 21-30%; (3) 31-50%; (4) 51-80%; (5) 81-100%. CPB evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of adults, small larvae (first and second instar) and large larvae (third and fourth instar). Plots were harvested and yield recorded (cwt/acre) on 30 Jul.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72971234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tests were conducted at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center, W. Lafayette, IN. All treatments were applied to a 4 ft2 area, replicated five times in RCB design. Dispersible form were applied through a sprinkling can in one gal of water. Granular form were applied using a homemade sale shaker and watered in with one gal of water. Galvanized steel circular barriers (60 inch circumference) were buried 1 inch into the soil and projected 2 inches above the soil in the center of each plot. Five fourth-instar black cutworms were infested within each barrier 2 d prior to treatment, 23 Jun. Netting material was clipped to the top of each barrier to prevent bird predation. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temp, 32°C; soil temp at 1 inch, 20°C; thatch depth (natural), 0.25-0.38 inches; soil texture, silt loam; soil moisture 43%; wind speed 0-3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated 6 DAT by applying 1 T of Joy dishwashing liquid/gal of water in each arena and recording the number of cutworms that emerged from the turf.
试验是在印第安纳州拉斐特的普渡大学农学研究中心进行的。所有处理均应用于4平方英尺的区域，在RCB设计中重复5次。分散形式通过洒罐应用于一加仑水中。颗粒状应用使用自制的销售摇床和浇水一加仑水。镀锌钢制圆形屏障(周长60英寸)埋在土壤中1英寸，并在每个地块的中心高出土壤2英寸。6月23日，处理前2 d，每个屏障内有5只4龄黑刀虫侵染。在每个屏障顶部夹网材料，防止鸟类捕食。处理时的条件为:空气温度32℃;土壤温度在1英寸，20°C;茅草深度(自然)，0.25-0.38英寸;土壤质地，粉壤土;土壤湿度43%;风速0-3英里/小时。通过在每个竞技场使用1 T Joy洗洁精/加仑水并记录从草皮中出现的蠕虫数量来评估效果。
{"title":"Efficacy of Insecticides on Black Cutworm in Bentgrass, 1992:","authors":"W. Buhler, T. Gibb","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.305a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.305a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tests were conducted at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center, W. Lafayette, IN. All treatments were applied to a 4 ft2 area, replicated five times in RCB design. Dispersible form were applied through a sprinkling can in one gal of water. Granular form were applied using a homemade sale shaker and watered in with one gal of water. Galvanized steel circular barriers (60 inch circumference) were buried 1 inch into the soil and projected 2 inches above the soil in the center of each plot. Five fourth-instar black cutworms were infested within each barrier 2 d prior to treatment, 23 Jun. Netting material was clipped to the top of each barrier to prevent bird predation. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temp, 32°C; soil temp at 1 inch, 20°C; thatch depth (natural), 0.25-0.38 inches; soil texture, silt loam; soil moisture 43%; wind speed 0-3 mph. Efficacy was evaluated 6 DAT by applying 1 T of Joy dishwashing liquid/gal of water in each arena and recording the number of cutworms that emerged from the turf.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72613349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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