Treatments were applied on 28 Apr or 12 May or on both dates to 2.6 x 2.3 m plots, which were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. The plots were established on a golf course fairway in Scarborough, NY-annual bluegrass (60%), creeping bentgrass (40%), maintained at 1.3 cm. All materials were applied with watering cans, using 3 liters water per plot. The entire test area received 0.3 cm irrigation 1 h after application. Soil pH was 6.2, water pH varied from 7.0 to 7.4. Product efficacy was evaluated on 11 Jun by removing 5 soil cores (10.6 cm diam) per plot and inspecting the cores under magnification in the Amherst laboratory (each plug was ca 0.01 m2). At the time of sampling, the population was 8% 3rd instar, 19% 4th instar, 63% 5th instar,and 10% pupae.
{"title":"Effect of Date of Application on Efficacy of Dursban and Oftanol Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1992:","authors":"P. Vittum","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.318","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treatments were applied on 28 Apr or 12 May or on both dates to 2.6 x 2.3 m plots, which were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. The plots were established on a golf course fairway in Scarborough, NY-annual bluegrass (60%), creeping bentgrass (40%), maintained at 1.3 cm. All materials were applied with watering cans, using 3 liters water per plot. The entire test area received 0.3 cm irrigation 1 h after application. Soil pH was 6.2, water pH varied from 7.0 to 7.4. Product efficacy was evaluated on 11 Jun by removing 5 soil cores (10.6 cm diam) per plot and inspecting the cores under magnification in the Amherst laboratory (each plug was ca 0.01 m2). At the time of sampling, the population was 8% 3rd instar, 19% 4th instar, 63% 5th instar,and 10% pupae.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85161621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘Yorking’ and 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Trees were planted to a spacing of 20 x 20 ft and were 19 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre, driven at 2 mph, except for HHE-3736 70 WG and Savey 50 WP which were applied dilute to run-off with a high pressure handgun at approximately 4 gal of spray per tree. Application dates varied between treatments and are as listed in the tables. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (captan 50 WP, Nova 40 WP, Penncozeb 80 WP and Topsin 85 DF) and nutrients (Solubor and CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 35 WP, Lannate 1.8 L) were applied at 1- to 2-wk intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effectiveness of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree (125 leaves/treatment). Effects of treatments on SP were measured by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of trees. Russet ratings are based on 30 ‘Golden Delicious’ apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (>51% russeted surface). Possible ranges are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to >51% russeted surface).
{"title":"Apple, Concentrate and Dilute Acaricide Evaluation Test, 1992","authors":"L. Hull","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘Yorking’ and 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Trees were planted to a spacing of 20 x 20 ft and were 19 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre, driven at 2 mph, except for HHE-3736 70 WG and Savey 50 WP which were applied dilute to run-off with a high pressure handgun at approximately 4 gal of spray per tree. Application dates varied between treatments and are as listed in the tables. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (captan 50 WP, Nova 40 WP, Penncozeb 80 WP and Topsin 85 DF) and nutrients (Solubor and CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 35 WP, Lannate 1.8 L) were applied at 1- to 2-wk intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effectiveness of treatments on ERM was evaluated by counting mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree (125 leaves/treatment). Effects of treatments on SP were measured by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of trees. Russet ratings are based on 30 ‘Golden Delicious’ apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (>51% russeted surface). Possible ranges are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to >51% russeted surface).","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90732815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was located in Gadsden Co., Florida. Plot size was 1 row x 27 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications, although the Penncap M 2 treatment was replicated only twice. Spray insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 15, and 22 May with a 1-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer that was equipped with 5, D7-45 nozzles/row. The chemicals were applied at about 60 psi, with the amount of spray about 63 gal/acre. The density of thrips in tomato flowers was estimated in each plot 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Ten flowers were randomly collected in each plot on each sample date. Each sample was placed in a prelabeled vial containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The number of thrips in each sample was determined by searching the contents of each vial under a 7 to 15 x dissecting microscope.
{"title":"Thrips Control in Tomatoes in North Florida, 1991","authors":"J. Funderburk, S. Olson, A. Brown, J. Snell","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.173","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The experiment was located in Gadsden Co., Florida. Plot size was 1 row x 27 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications, although the Penncap M 2 treatment was replicated only twice. Spray insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 15, and 22 May with a 1-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer that was equipped with 5, D7-45 nozzles/row. The chemicals were applied at about 60 psi, with the amount of spray about 63 gal/acre. The density of thrips in tomato flowers was estimated in each plot 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. Ten flowers were randomly collected in each plot on each sample date. Each sample was placed in a prelabeled vial containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The number of thrips in each sample was determined by searching the contents of each vial under a 7 to 15 x dissecting microscope.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89732135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ants collected by use of an aspirator (harvester and pyramid ants) or by hand (carpenter ants) from active colonies in the City of Albuquerque. The ants were collected on 17 Nov and kept overnight in plastic collection vials in the laboratory. Carpenter ants were collected the following morning. Ten each of the three species were placed in separate 10 cm plastic petri dishes and refrigerated. Each group of 10 ants was randomly assigned for treatment with Triumph 4 EC at 11.2 ml per 28.3 m2 or held as checks. Treatments were applied by placing the ants on a sheet of newsprint paper or directly on a cement surface and passing the boom of a CO2 sprayer approx. 60 cm above. The boom had 3 X-4 tips spaced 50.8 cm apart. Operated at a pressure of 350 kpc and a speed of 8 km/h, the sprayer delivered 47.1 liters per ha. Within 2 min after spraying, ants were picked up by hand or with a portable [Black and Decker™] hand vacuum and replaced into a petri dish. Knockdown was observed at 2 h and mortality (no movement when prodded with a pencil) observed at 7 h and daily for 6 d. Two to 3 drops of tap water were placed in all petri dishes on days 4-6. Normal day length (10 h) and temperature of 12.8-21.1°C were maintained after treatment.
用吸收器(收割机和金字塔蚁)或用手(木蚁)从阿尔伯克基市的活跃蚁群中收集的蚂蚁。11月17日采集蚂蚁，并在实验室的塑料收集瓶中保存过夜。第二天早上收集了木蚁。将三种细菌各10只放在10厘米长的塑料培养皿中冷藏。每组10只蚂蚁被随机分配给每28.3 m2 11.2 ml的Triumph 4 EC或作为检查。处理方法是将蚂蚁放在一张新闻纸上或直接放在水泥表面上，并通过大约二氧化碳喷雾器的吊杆。60厘米以上。吊杆有3个X-4尖端，间隔50.8厘米。在350kpc的压力和8 km/h的速度下，喷雾器每公顷输出47.1升。在喷洒后2分钟内，用手或便携式[Black and Decker™]手摇吸尘器将蚂蚁捡起并放入培养皿中。在第2小时观察到敲除，在第7小时观察到死亡(用铅笔戳时没有移动)，每天观察6天。在第4-6天，在所有培养皿中放入2至3滴自来水。处理后维持正常日长(10 h)和温度12.8-21.1°C。
{"title":"Ant Knockdown with Triumph Insecticide, New Mexico, 1992","authors":"C. R. Ward, R. Gary Smith, C. Blanco-Montero","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.370","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ants collected by use of an aspirator (harvester and pyramid ants) or by hand (carpenter ants) from active colonies in the City of Albuquerque. The ants were collected on 17 Nov and kept overnight in plastic collection vials in the laboratory. Carpenter ants were collected the following morning. Ten each of the three species were placed in separate 10 cm plastic petri dishes and refrigerated. Each group of 10 ants was randomly assigned for treatment with Triumph 4 EC at 11.2 ml per 28.3 m2 or held as checks. Treatments were applied by placing the ants on a sheet of newsprint paper or directly on a cement surface and passing the boom of a CO2 sprayer approx. 60 cm above. The boom had 3 X-4 tips spaced 50.8 cm apart. Operated at a pressure of 350 kpc and a speed of 8 km/h, the sprayer delivered 47.1 liters per ha. Within 2 min after spraying, ants were picked up by hand or with a portable [Black and Decker™] hand vacuum and replaced into a petri dish. Knockdown was observed at 2 h and mortality (no movement when prodded with a pencil) observed at 7 h and daily for 6 d. Two to 3 drops of tap water were placed in all petri dishes on days 4-6. Normal day length (10 h) and temperature of 12.8-21.1°C were maintained after treatment.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89768419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Potter, P. Spicer, B. Kreuger, L. Terry, C. Redmond
This study was conducted on a creeping bentgrass golf green at the Campbell House Golf Club, Lexington, KY. The green had been topdressed with sand over native soil. Plots (10 X 10 ft) were established in a RCB design with 5 replicates. The target population consisted of mixed instars of both black and bronzed cutworms. Treatments were applied as surface sprays (5 gal/1000 ft2) using pump-type, backpack sprayers equipped with a fan-type nozzle. Plots were treated on 13 Aug. Dursban plots were treated at 11 AM with the spray allowed to dry on the turf surface. Nematode plots were treated 2 h later, followed immediately by irrigation with 0.25 inch of water to all plots. Temperature at the time of the nematode treatment was 74°F, with 76% relative humidity and 4 mph winds. Cutworms were sampled 7 DAT. A frame (6.6 x 6.6 ft) made from PVC pipe was first placed in the center of each plot. Four gallons of an irritant drench (1 oz of Joy liquid detergent/ gal water) were applied to the area defined by the frame using a sprinkling can, and the number of cutworms that surfaced within 10 min was recorded.
这项研究是在肯塔基州列克星敦坎贝尔高尔夫俱乐部的一个匍匐的弯草高尔夫球场进行的。草地上覆盖着一层沙土。采用RCB设计建立5个重复的地块(10 × 10英尺)。目标种群由黑色和青铜色线虫混合龄组成。处理采用表面喷雾(5加仑/1000平方英尺)，使用泵式，背负式喷雾器，配备风扇式喷嘴。地块于8月13日处理，德班地块于上午11点处理，喷雾在草皮表面干燥。2 h后处理线虫小区，随后立即用0.25英寸的水灌溉所有小区。线虫处理时的温度为74华氏度，相对湿度为76%，风速为4英里/小时。7日采毛虫。由PVC管制成的框架(6.6 x 6.6英尺)首先放置在每个地块的中心。使用喷壶将四加仑的刺激性水(1盎司Joy液体洗涤剂/ 1加仑水)喷洒在框架所定义的区域，并记录10分钟内浮出水面的蠕虫数量。
{"title":"Control of Cutworms in a Golf Green with Entomopathogenic Nematodes, 1992:","authors":"D. A. Potter, P. Spicer, B. Kreuger, L. Terry, C. Redmond","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study was conducted on a creeping bentgrass golf green at the Campbell House Golf Club, Lexington, KY. The green had been topdressed with sand over native soil. Plots (10 X 10 ft) were established in a RCB design with 5 replicates. The target population consisted of mixed instars of both black and bronzed cutworms. Treatments were applied as surface sprays (5 gal/1000 ft2) using pump-type, backpack sprayers equipped with a fan-type nozzle. Plots were treated on 13 Aug. Dursban plots were treated at 11 AM with the spray allowed to dry on the turf surface. Nematode plots were treated 2 h later, followed immediately by irrigation with 0.25 inch of water to all plots. Temperature at the time of the nematode treatment was 74°F, with 76% relative humidity and 4 mph winds. Cutworms were sampled 7 DAT. A frame (6.6 x 6.6 ft) made from PVC pipe was first placed in the center of each plot. Four gallons of an irritant drench (1 oz of Joy liquid detergent/ gal water) were applied to the area defined by the frame using a sprinkling can, and the number of cutworms that surfaced within 10 min was recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84344802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The test was conducted at the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lane, Oklahoma. ‘Lemon Drop’ summer squash plants were transplanted 2 Jun, into beds with black plastic mulch and irrigated with a surface trickle irrigation system. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Each replicate consisted of a single row of 6 plants (2-ft plant spacing) on 6 ft centers. Rows were separated by 10 ft buffers. Foliar sprays were applied 11 and 19 Jul with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer mounted with 2 TX-18 nozzles calibrated to deliver 21.36 gallons per acre. Efficacy was evaluated by counting squash bug nymphs on 3 randomly selected plants per plot and alate and apterous melon aphids on 12 leaves/plot from the 3 plants with 4 leaves selected randomly from the central section of each plant. Counts were made 15 Jul (4 days after first treatment), 18 Jul (7 days after first treatment), 23 Jul (4 days after second treatment), and 26 Jul (7 days after second treatment). The data were subject to ANOVA and LSD.
{"title":"Efficacy of Insecticide Treatments on Squash, 1992","authors":"X. Deng, T. Ebert, B. Cartwright","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.168","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The test was conducted at the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lane, Oklahoma. ‘Lemon Drop’ summer squash plants were transplanted 2 Jun, into beds with black plastic mulch and irrigated with a surface trickle irrigation system. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Each replicate consisted of a single row of 6 plants (2-ft plant spacing) on 6 ft centers. Rows were separated by 10 ft buffers. Foliar sprays were applied 11 and 19 Jul with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer mounted with 2 TX-18 nozzles calibrated to deliver 21.36 gallons per acre. Efficacy was evaluated by counting squash bug nymphs on 3 randomly selected plants per plot and alate and apterous melon aphids on 12 leaves/plot from the 3 plants with 4 leaves selected randomly from the central section of each plant. Counts were made 15 Jul (4 days after first treatment), 18 Jul (7 days after first treatment), 23 Jul (4 days after second treatment), and 26 Jul (7 days after second treatment). The data were subject to ANOVA and LSD.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84410538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted in a mature vineyard at the Erie County Field Research Laboratory in North East, PA. Treatments were applied to Concord grapes trained to the single curtain (no tie) system. Treatments consisted of 6-vine plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Each treatment row was separated by 2 untreated buffer rows. Applications were made using a Friend, small plot sprayer equipped with an FMC, vineyard boom. Treatments were applied at 100 gal/acre with pressure adjusted to 100 psi. The treatments were applied on 12 Jul. Precipitation for Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep was 3.64, 1.00, 0.75, 3.49, 3.07 and 3.25 inches, respectively. A pre-treatment count of leafhopper nymphs was taken on 9 Jul. Post-treatment evaluations was conducted 5, 14, 21 and 31 days after application. Evaluations consisted of randomly selecting 10 injured leaves per plot and recording the number of leafhopper nymphs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Eastern Grape Leafhopper, 1991","authors":"A. Muza, M. Saunders","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.67a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.67a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The experiment was conducted in a mature vineyard at the Erie County Field Research Laboratory in North East, PA. Treatments were applied to Concord grapes trained to the single curtain (no tie) system. Treatments consisted of 6-vine plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Each treatment row was separated by 2 untreated buffer rows. Applications were made using a Friend, small plot sprayer equipped with an FMC, vineyard boom. Treatments were applied at 100 gal/acre with pressure adjusted to 100 psi. The treatments were applied on 12 Jul. Precipitation for Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep was 3.64, 1.00, 0.75, 3.49, 3.07 and 3.25 inches, respectively. A pre-treatment count of leafhopper nymphs was taken on 9 Jul. Post-treatment evaluations was conducted 5, 14, 21 and 31 days after application. Evaluations consisted of randomly selecting 10 injured leaves per plot and recording the number of leafhopper nymphs.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87910633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cabbage was transplanted on 16 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 18 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to M-pede, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at .01% v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 27 Jul, 6, 14, 27 Aug, 4, 11, 18 Sep and 2 Oct. Harvest evaluations for thrips were made on 8 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were made by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips injury. The overall damage rating (intensity of injury plus the number of layers injured) was also made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (each of the 10 leaves severely injured). Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For analysis of damage ratings we used the average damage rating per replicate, transformed this to a rank, and analyzed ranks. For layers injured, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages.
{"title":"Control of Thrips Tabaci on Cabbage, 1992","authors":"A. Shelton, W. Wilsey","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cabbage was transplanted on 16 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 18 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to M-pede, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at .01% v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 27 Jul, 6, 14, 27 Aug, 4, 11, 18 Sep and 2 Oct. Harvest evaluations for thrips were made on 8 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were made by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips injury. The overall damage rating (intensity of injury plus the number of layers injured) was also made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (each of the 10 leaves severely injured). Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For analysis of damage ratings we used the average damage rating per replicate, transformed this to a rank, and analyzed ranks. For layers injured, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88461657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sweet corn was planted on 10 Sep with 10 in. between plants in double rows spaced 10 inches apart on raised beds mulched with polyethylene film. Three 240 ft beds on 6 ft centers were divided into four replicate blocks, containing nine, 15 ft single row treatment plots and one, 15 ft control plot (5 ft per row). One neonate fall armyworm was placed in each leaf whorl 1 week prior to treatment. Six weekly applications were made beginning on 2 Oct. Biosafe (nematodes) was applied the first 3 weeks only, followed by Lannate on subsequent dates. The first Biosafe application was made by automatic pipette to the whorl (into which 3.5 g of washed sand had already been introduced in treatment 3), and subsequently by hand-held trigger sprayer. Dipel 10 G was applied directly to the whorl from pre-weighed cups for the first two applications, followed by spray applications with Dipel 2 X. Remaining applications were made with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at a tank pressure of 40 psi, timed to deliver 100 gal/acre.
{"title":"Insecticidal and Biological Control of Fall Armyworm in Florida Sweet Corn, 1991","authors":"P. Stansly, B. Cawley","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sweet corn was planted on 10 Sep with 10 in. between plants in double rows spaced 10 inches apart on raised beds mulched with polyethylene film. Three 240 ft beds on 6 ft centers were divided into four replicate blocks, containing nine, 15 ft single row treatment plots and one, 15 ft control plot (5 ft per row). One neonate fall armyworm was placed in each leaf whorl 1 week prior to treatment. Six weekly applications were made beginning on 2 Oct. Biosafe (nematodes) was applied the first 3 weeks only, followed by Lannate on subsequent dates. The first Biosafe application was made by automatic pipette to the whorl (into which 3.5 g of washed sand had already been introduced in treatment 3), and subsequently by hand-held trigger sprayer. Dipel 10 G was applied directly to the whorl from pre-weighed cups for the first two applications, followed by spray applications with Dipel 2 X. Remaining applications were made with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at a tank pressure of 40 psi, timed to deliver 100 gal/acre.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88041173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eight treatments were applied to evaluate control of pine needle midge on heavily infested 6-8 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Treatments were completed on 10 Jun and 25 Jun, and replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were completed by using a C02 compressed air sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi. Treatments were applied at the rate of 124 gal/acre (375 ml/tree), and applications were confined to the terminal. The following conditions existed on 10 Jun: air temperature 80°F; water pH, 7.0; 52% RH; and skies were partly cloudy. The following conditions existed on 25 Jun: air temperature, 68°F; water pH, 7.0; 80% RH. At 52 DAT (1 Sep), each treatment was evaluated by determining the percentage of missing needles from each terminal.
{"title":"Management of Pine Needle Midge on Scotch Pine with Biorational and Conventional Formulations in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1992","authors":"P. R. Heller, R. Walker","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.349a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.349a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eight treatments were applied to evaluate control of pine needle midge on heavily infested 6-8 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Treatments were completed on 10 Jun and 25 Jun, and replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were completed by using a C02 compressed air sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi. Treatments were applied at the rate of 124 gal/acre (375 ml/tree), and applications were confined to the terminal. The following conditions existed on 10 Jun: air temperature 80°F; water pH, 7.0; 52% RH; and skies were partly cloudy. The following conditions existed on 25 Jun: air temperature, 68°F; water pH, 7.0; 80% RH. At 52 DAT (1 Sep), each treatment was evaluated by determining the percentage of missing needles from each terminal.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86609098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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