This trial investigated the performance of granular insecticides at below-label rates applied at planting, rescue applications of liquid insecticides and a nematode (BioVector). Experimental plots were established in continuous corn field with a Waukegan silt loam soil at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots measuring rows (76-cm row spacing) x 9 m, were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Corn was planted on 20 May at a seeding rate of 64,500 seeds/ha. Granular treatments were applied at planting ahead of the presswheel using modified Noble applicators. Aluminum barriers, each surrounding 4.6 cm of 2 rows and extending 10 cm below and 15 cm above the soil, were installed 8 Jun when corn was just emerging. Corn stand within the barriers averaged 40 plants. On 9 Jun between 6 and 7 p.m. each plot was infested with 60 BCW larvae (50% 4th, 50% 3rd instars). The next morning, between 7-9 a.m., all liquid rescue treatments were applied within the appropriate barrier arenas. Liquid insecticides were applied in 187 liters of water/ha while the nematodes (BioVector) were applied in 750 liters/ha. Wind speed ranged from 0 to 3 km/h, while soil temperatures hovered near 22°C. Plots were examined 3, 6, and 10 d after infestation, injured plants were marked and plant injury was recorded as leaf feeding. Statistical analyses were performed after determining the final fate of each plant.
本试验研究了低于标称用量的颗粒杀虫剂在种植、液体杀虫剂和线虫(BioVector)的救援应用中的表现。在罗斯蒙特农业试验站，在沃基根粉砂壤土的玉米连作田中建立了试验田。样地行距为76 cm × 9 m，采用RCB设计，每组4个重复。5月20日播种玉米，播种率为64,500粒/公顷。采用改良的Noble施药器在压轮播种前施用颗粒处理。6月8日，在玉米刚出苗的时候，安装铝栅栏，每隔2行4.6厘米，在土壤下方10厘米和上方15厘米处延伸。屏障内的玉米平均生长40株。6月9日晚6 ~ 7时，每个小区共染BCW幼虫60只(4龄50%，3龄50%)。第二天早上7点到9点之间，所有的液体抢救治疗都在适当的屏障区域内进行。液体杀虫剂的施用量为187升水/公顷，线虫(生物媒介)的施用量为750升/公顷。风速从0到3公里/小时不等，土壤温度在22摄氏度左右徘徊。在侵染后3、6、10 d检查样地，标记病株，并以采食叶记录病株。在确定每个植物的最终命运后进行统计分析。
{"title":"Granular and Liquid Insecticide Performance Against Black Cutworm, 1992","authors":"K. Ostlie, J. Luedeman, J. L. Weiszel","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.209","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This trial investigated the performance of granular insecticides at below-label rates applied at planting, rescue applications of liquid insecticides and a nematode (BioVector). Experimental plots were established in continuous corn field with a Waukegan silt loam soil at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots measuring rows (76-cm row spacing) x 9 m, were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Corn was planted on 20 May at a seeding rate of 64,500 seeds/ha. Granular treatments were applied at planting ahead of the presswheel using modified Noble applicators. Aluminum barriers, each surrounding 4.6 cm of 2 rows and extending 10 cm below and 15 cm above the soil, were installed 8 Jun when corn was just emerging. Corn stand within the barriers averaged 40 plants. On 9 Jun between 6 and 7 p.m. each plot was infested with 60 BCW larvae (50% 4th, 50% 3rd instars). The next morning, between 7-9 a.m., all liquid rescue treatments were applied within the appropriate barrier arenas. Liquid insecticides were applied in 187 liters of water/ha while the nematodes (BioVector) were applied in 750 liters/ha. Wind speed ranged from 0 to 3 km/h, while soil temperatures hovered near 22°C. Plots were examined 3, 6, and 10 d after infestation, injured plants were marked and plant injury was recorded as leaf feeding. Statistical analyses were performed after determining the final fate of each plant.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73883614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This was a cooperative study with Agrigenetics on their research station at Breckinridge, MN. Coated seed was made available from Grow Tec, Ltd in Nisku, Alberta, Canada. Plots were established in clay type soils and individual plots were 6 rows, 0.9 m on center, 6.10 m in length. Treatments were replicated 4 times, in a randomized complete block. Granular applications were mixed with the seed and planted on Apr 30. The at-plant broadcast liquids were applied immediately post plant and raked in lightly. First foliar applications at germination were made on 21 May. Uneven germination made it difficult to properly time these applications. Final foliar applications were made on 16 Jul.
{"title":"Comparison of Seed Coating and Granular Systemics for Flea Beetle Control, 1992","authors":"D. Noetzel, Curt Kellesvig","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.194","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This was a cooperative study with Agrigenetics on their research station at Breckinridge, MN. Coated seed was made available from Grow Tec, Ltd in Nisku, Alberta, Canada. Plots were established in clay type soils and individual plots were 6 rows, 0.9 m on center, 6.10 m in length. Treatments were replicated 4 times, in a randomized complete block. Granular applications were mixed with the seed and planted on Apr 30. The at-plant broadcast liquids were applied immediately post plant and raked in lightly. First foliar applications at germination were made on 21 May. Uneven germination made it difficult to properly time these applications. Final foliar applications were made on 16 Jul.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79244733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 4 x 4 ft, arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 2 80O4VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 4 ft boom, operating at 28 psi. 790-800 ml of mixed solution were applied to each replicate. Treatment applications were completed on four dates as follows: 5 Aug (air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 74°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F, % RH, 65; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 47.1% silt, 12.9% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 21.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.6; and cloudy skies), 10 Aug (air temp, 90°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 82°F; % RH, 60; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 36.5% sand, 48.6% silt, 14.9% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven baked), 11.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.9; and clear skies), 20 Aug (air temp, 66°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 66°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 66°F; % RH, 100; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 48.0% silt, 12.0% clay; organic mater, 4.5%; soil moisture (oven baked), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and cloudy skies), and 24 Aug (air temp, 84°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F; % RH, 80; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 42.0% sand, 47.6% silt, 10.4% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 16.3%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and clear skies). Immediately after treatment only Turcam 76W replicates were irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were completed between 22-24 Sept. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.
{"title":"Preventative Management Time Studies of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Bioneem on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, PA, 1992:","authors":"P. R. Heller, R. Walker","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.314a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.314a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 4 x 4 ft, arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 2 80O4VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 4 ft boom, operating at 28 psi. 790-800 ml of mixed solution were applied to each replicate. Treatment applications were completed on four dates as follows: 5 Aug (air temp, 80°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 74°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F, % RH, 65; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 47.1% silt, 12.9% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 21.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.6; and cloudy skies), 10 Aug (air temp, 90°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 82°F; % RH, 60; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 36.5% sand, 48.6% silt, 14.9% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven baked), 11.9%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.9; and clear skies), 20 Aug (air temp, 66°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 66°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 66°F; % RH, 100; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 40.0% sand, 48.0% silt, 12.0% clay; organic mater, 4.5%; soil moisture (oven baked), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and cloudy skies), and 24 Aug (air temp, 84°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 72°F; % RH, 80; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis: 42.0% sand, 47.6% silt, 10.4% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 16.3%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 4.7; and clear skies). Immediately after treatment only Turcam 76W replicates were irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were completed between 22-24 Sept. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79741780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several insecticides were evaluated for control of CM when used in a seasonal spray program. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test trees were 17-year-old non-spur ‘Red Delicious’. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test design consisted of 4 single-tree replicates in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. In all cases the first treatment was applied at the beginning of the egg hatch, 28 May, 250 degree days following first capture of moths in a pheromone trap. The number of sprays applied for each CM generation depended on the chemical and rates used and are shown in the table. After the first CM generation (16 Jul), 100 fruit from each replicate were examined and the number damaged by CM recorded. At harvest (29 Aug), 200 fruit were picked from each replicate and examined for damage by CM and PLR. CM damage was rated as a “sting” (an unsuccessful entry in the fruit denoted by a scar but no penetration) or a deep entry. Mites were sampled in Jul, Aug and Sep. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.
{"title":"Apple, Codling Moth Control with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1991","authors":"J. Brunner, L. O. Smith","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Several insecticides were evaluated for control of CM when used in a seasonal spray program. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test trees were 17-year-old non-spur ‘Red Delicious’. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test design consisted of 4 single-tree replicates in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. In all cases the first treatment was applied at the beginning of the egg hatch, 28 May, 250 degree days following first capture of moths in a pheromone trap. The number of sprays applied for each CM generation depended on the chemical and rates used and are shown in the table. After the first CM generation (16 Jul), 100 fruit from each replicate were examined and the number damaged by CM recorded. At harvest (29 Aug), 200 fruit were picked from each replicate and examined for damage by CM and PLR. CM damage was rated as a “sting” (an unsuccessful entry in the fruit denoted by a scar but no penetration) or a deep entry. Mites were sampled in Jul, Aug and Sep. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84635113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton was planted 1 Jul with plots consisting of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 9.1 m. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air system calibrated to deliver 56.2 liters total spray/ ha through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.39 kg/cm2. Insecticide treatments were applied on 10 and 16 Sep. Methyl parathion 4 EC (0.37 kg [AI]/ha) was applied on an “as needed” basis for boll weevil control. Efficacy was determined by examining 25 squares/plot for evidence of damage and the presence of larvae. High numbers of soybean looper larvae were observed in the plots during Sep and visual defoliation estimates were made to evaluate differences among treatments. Each plot was scored as follows: 0 (no feeding damage), 1 (feeding damage within the lower 1/3 of the plant), 2 (feeding damage to the lower and middle 1/3 of the plant) or 3 (feeding damage throughout the plant). No rainfall occurred during this test. Sprinkler irrigation was provided “as needed” during the test but not within 48 h following treatment applications. Insecticide applications were delayed until infestations of bollworm and tobacco budworm larvae in varying stages had become established in the plots.
{"title":"Efficacy of Insecticides Against Tobacco Budworm and Bollworm in Late Season with Post Optimal Appli-Cation Timing, 1991","authors":"B. R. Leonard, E. Burris, J. Graves","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.240","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cotton was planted 1 Jul with plots consisting of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 9.1 m. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air system calibrated to deliver 56.2 liters total spray/ ha through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.39 kg/cm2. Insecticide treatments were applied on 10 and 16 Sep. Methyl parathion 4 EC (0.37 kg [AI]/ha) was applied on an “as needed” basis for boll weevil control. Efficacy was determined by examining 25 squares/plot for evidence of damage and the presence of larvae. High numbers of soybean looper larvae were observed in the plots during Sep and visual defoliation estimates were made to evaluate differences among treatments. Each plot was scored as follows: 0 (no feeding damage), 1 (feeding damage within the lower 1/3 of the plant), 2 (feeding damage to the lower and middle 1/3 of the plant) or 3 (feeding damage throughout the plant). No rainfall occurred during this test. Sprinkler irrigation was provided “as needed” during the test but not within 48 h following treatment applications. Insecticide applications were delayed until infestations of bollworm and tobacco budworm larvae in varying stages had become established in the plots.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84711561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two study sites were established, using large (>110 m2) plots to determine the efficacy of chlorpyrifos (Dursban 4E) against black turfgrass ataenius adults. In each case, chlorpyrifos was applied twice, at two week intervals. The first site was a golf course fairway in Concord, MA–creeping bentgrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), perennial ryegrass (20%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Plots were 11.6 x 10 m, replicated 3 times, applied with hydraulic sprayer at 880 liter/ha. Plots were treated on 6 and 20 May or on 20 May and 3 Jun, and sample 13 Jul. The second site was a golf course fairway in South Hadley, MA–annual bluegrass (50%), creeping bentgrass (25%), Kentucky bluegrass (25%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Plots were 19 X 10m, replicated 3 times, applied with Hahn sprayer at 704 1/ha. Plots were treated on 7 and 21 May or on 21 May and 4 June and sampled 21 July. Both sites were evaluated by collected 10 soil cores (10.6 cm diam., 4 cm deep), at least 3m from the nearest edge, from each plot. Cores were inspected under magnification in the Amherst laboratory.
{"title":"Control of First Generation Black Turfgrass Ataenius Adults on a Golf Course Fairway, 1992:","authors":"P. Vittum","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.316","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two study sites were established, using large (>110 m2) plots to determine the efficacy of chlorpyrifos (Dursban 4E) against black turfgrass ataenius adults. In each case, chlorpyrifos was applied twice, at two week intervals. The first site was a golf course fairway in Concord, MA–creeping bentgrass (40%), annual bluegrass (40%), perennial ryegrass (20%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Plots were 11.6 x 10 m, replicated 3 times, applied with hydraulic sprayer at 880 liter/ha. Plots were treated on 6 and 20 May or on 20 May and 3 Jun, and sample 13 Jul. The second site was a golf course fairway in South Hadley, MA–annual bluegrass (50%), creeping bentgrass (25%), Kentucky bluegrass (25%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Plots were 19 X 10m, replicated 3 times, applied with Hahn sprayer at 704 1/ha. Plots were treated on 7 and 21 May or on 21 May and 4 June and sampled 21 July. Both sites were evaluated by collected 10 soil cores (10.6 cm diam., 4 cm deep), at least 3m from the nearest edge, from each plot. Cores were inspected under magnification in the Amherst laboratory.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82416361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The test was conducted in a 12-year-old ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The experimental design was randomized complete block with ten treatments each with four single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 240 psi and the rate of 400 gal/acre. Nymphs were sampled by jarring MPB on to a 45 cm x 45 cm black cloth tray. One limb per tree (one tap per limb) was sampled on each date. Fruit evaluation was conducted before hand thinning in Jun and before fruit harvest. Forty apples per tree (or every apple on trees with less than 40 apples) were examined at both evaluations. Apples with one or more stings were considered culls.
{"title":"Apple, Campylomma Insecticide Test, 1992","authors":"M. Reding, E. Beers","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The test was conducted in a 12-year-old ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The experimental design was randomized complete block with ten treatments each with four single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 240 psi and the rate of 400 gal/acre. Nymphs were sampled by jarring MPB on to a 45 cm x 45 cm black cloth tray. One limb per tree (one tap per limb) was sampled on each date. Fruit evaluation was conducted before hand thinning in Jun and before fruit harvest. Forty apples per tree (or every apple on trees with less than 40 apples) were examined at both evaluations. Apples with one or more stings were considered culls.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77801444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 10 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with blank granules to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a COa sprayer with 4 8004 VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (20 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70"F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 71.0°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64.0°F; RH 70%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 22.5% sand, 61.5% silt, 16.0% clay; organic matter, 3.7%; soil moisture (oven baked), 21.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 37 d later (26 Jun). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.
{"title":"Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug with Conventional and Experimental Formulations at the Valentine Research Center, University Park, PA, 1992","authors":"P. R. Heller, R. Walker","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.322a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.322a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 10 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with blank granules to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a COa sprayer with 4 8004 VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (20 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70\"F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 71.0°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64.0°F; RH 70%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 22.5% sand, 61.5% silt, 16.0% clay; organic matter, 3.7%; soil moisture (oven baked), 21.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 37 d later (26 Jun). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael D. Refhwisch, Hal C. Purcell, Charles H. Purcell
Ten oil and insecticide treatments were applied to 4 varieties of 4 ft jojoba shrubs located near Bouse, AZ on 16 Apr. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with each jojoba variety serving as a block. One plant/block received a respective treatment. Treatments were made with a handsprayer, misting and walking around each treated plant for 10 sec, calibrated to 4.8 gal/acre. Plots were sampled on 17 Apr. Samples consisted of 25 terminals/plant 9 from lower ⅓ of the plant and 8 for each of the other ⅔ of the plant. Live spider mites were counted and recorded.
{"title":"Evaluation of Insecticides and Oils for Spider Mite Control on Jojoba, 1991:","authors":"Michael D. Refhwisch, Hal C. Purcell, Charles H. Purcell","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.258","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ten oil and insecticide treatments were applied to 4 varieties of 4 ft jojoba shrubs located near Bouse, AZ on 16 Apr. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with each jojoba variety serving as a block. One plant/block received a respective treatment. Treatments were made with a handsprayer, misting and walking around each treated plant for 10 sec, calibrated to 4.8 gal/acre. Plots were sampled on 17 Apr. Samples consisted of 25 terminals/plant 9 from lower ⅓ of the plant and 8 for each of the other ⅔ of the plant. Live spider mites were counted and recorded.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82352194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field trials were conducted in fall 1991 in Jonesboro, AR, in sweet corn planted 19 Jul on Calloway silt loam soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 2 rows wide (1 m row spacing) and 10 m long with 1 row separating adjacent plots. Applications were made on 1, 5 and 8 Aug using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with one hollow cone nozzle situated ca 15 cm directly over the whorl and calibrated to deliver 93 ha-1 at 0.27 MPa. FAW population density and plant damage was determined by dissecting 10 randomly selected plants/plot prior to applications and 4 days following the last application. Larvae were categorized as small (<0.5 cm), medium (>0.5<1 cm), and large (>1 cm). Damage was rated for each plant as: (1) very little to no damage, (2) slight damage to outside leaves and whorl, (3) moderate damage to outside leaves with whorl damage fresh and very apparent, (4) heavy damage throughout plant, and (5) complete decimation. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were separated using LSD.
{"title":"Control of Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn with Bacillus Thumngiensis, 1991","authors":"T. Teague","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Field trials were conducted in fall 1991 in Jonesboro, AR, in sweet corn planted 19 Jul on Calloway silt loam soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 2 rows wide (1 m row spacing) and 10 m long with 1 row separating adjacent plots. Applications were made on 1, 5 and 8 Aug using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with one hollow cone nozzle situated ca 15 cm directly over the whorl and calibrated to deliver 93 ha-1 at 0.27 MPa. FAW population density and plant damage was determined by dissecting 10 randomly selected plants/plot prior to applications and 4 days following the last application. Larvae were categorized as small (<0.5 cm), medium (>0.5<1 cm), and large (>1 cm). Damage was rated for each plant as: (1) very little to no damage, (2) slight damage to outside leaves and whorl, (3) moderate damage to outside leaves with whorl damage fresh and very apparent, (4) heavy damage throughout plant, and (5) complete decimation. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were separated using LSD.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82427092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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