Abamectin was applied into or near cracks and crevices with a Whitmire flowable dust applicator. Other forumulations were applied from self-pressurized, aerosol-type containers as pin-stream sprays into cracks and crevices. Single-family dwellings, located in Edgecombe or Lenoir counties, NC, served as test sites. Five kitchens with a minimum of 100 living German cockroaches sighted during a preliminary visual survey were assigned to each formulation. Preapplication visual tallies of living cockroaches in kitchens compared to tallies at specified intervals after treatment indicated efficacy. Insecticide reapplications were made in kitchens where any living cockroaches were observed during postapplication tallies. Non-test rooms in the dwellings were treated as needed at each visit to minimize movement of German cockroaches into treated areas. The amount of insecticide applied during the initial application and reapplications and the size, temperature, and relative humidity of the kitchens, were recorded. Analyses were based on % reduction of cockroaches (pre- versus post-treatment tallies for a kitchen). Since the area of each kitchen floor and wall space varied the active ingredient applied per kitchen was converted to a 50 m2 basis for comparative purposes. The active ingredient applied in the initial applications for all formulations ranged from 0.1 to 6.2 g and from 0.0 to 1.7 g for the reapplications, respectively. Smaller quantities of insecticide were used for the reapplications because partical cockroach control usually resulted from the initial applications.
{"title":"Insecticide Efficacy in German Cockroach Control, 1992","authors":"C. G. Wright, H. Dupree","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.355a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.355a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Abamectin was applied into or near cracks and crevices with a Whitmire flowable dust applicator. Other forumulations were applied from self-pressurized, aerosol-type containers as pin-stream sprays into cracks and crevices. Single-family dwellings, located in Edgecombe or Lenoir counties, NC, served as test sites. Five kitchens with a minimum of 100 living German cockroaches sighted during a preliminary visual survey were assigned to each formulation. Preapplication visual tallies of living cockroaches in kitchens compared to tallies at specified intervals after treatment indicated efficacy. Insecticide reapplications were made in kitchens where any living cockroaches were observed during postapplication tallies. Non-test rooms in the dwellings were treated as needed at each visit to minimize movement of German cockroaches into treated areas. The amount of insecticide applied during the initial application and reapplications and the size, temperature, and relative humidity of the kitchens, were recorded. Analyses were based on % reduction of cockroaches (pre- versus post-treatment tallies for a kitchen). Since the area of each kitchen floor and wall space varied the active ingredient applied per kitchen was converted to a 50 m2 basis for comparative purposes. The active ingredient applied in the initial applications for all formulations ranged from 0.1 to 6.2 g and from 0.0 to 1.7 g for the reapplications, respectively. Smaller quantities of insecticide were used for the reapplications because partical cockroach control usually resulted from the initial applications.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81020085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various pesticides were applied to field corn in two fields in west central Nebraska. Pesticides were applied to field 1, near North Platte, to blister stage, (R6 stage) ‘Pioneer 3475’ hybrid field corn on 4 Aug. Treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 206,786 Pa (30 PSI), in a total volume of 196,405 ml/ha (21 gal/acre). Each treatment was applied to 3 by 10 m plots, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. A total of about 40 first instar European corn borer (ECB) larvae was applied to 4 randomly selected plants within each plot, in corn cob grit, to the collars of the ear leaf and the leaf below, 1 day prior to pesticide application. Twospotted spider mites (TSM) were applied 3 days prior to treatment by tying 2 mite infested leaves to each of 2 plants within each plot. Since mite infestations were made close to the time of application no pre-treatment counts were conducted. Size of mite colonies were rated on the underside of three leaves below the ear, the ear leaf and two leaves above the ear at 7 and 14 DAT. Ratings were made on a 0-6 scale where 0 = no mites, 1 = individual mites, 2 = small colonies, 3 = large, individual colonies, 4 = large connected colonies but not covering the underside of the leaf, 5 = colonies completely covering the underside of the leaf, 6 = leaf dead due to spider mite damage. In addition to the spider mite colonies, spider mite predators were also counted. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatments in control of ECB larvae 4 artificially ECB infested and four randomly selected corn plants were collected from each plot four weeks post application. Each stalk was then split from root to tassel and the number of ECB larval cavities were counted. In a second field, near Hershey, Nebraska, insecticides were applied by center pivot injection on 13 Aug to soft dough stage (R7 stage) ‘Jacques 7710’ and ‘Jacques 7770’ hybrid field corn. Treatments were applied with a Pulsa diaphragm injector pump in a total volume of 9,353 ml/ha (1 gal/acre). One treatment also required the addition of 2,338 ml/ha (1 qt/ha) Veg-oil emulsified crop oil. These mixtures were sequentially injected, at a rate of 520 ml/min (18 oz/min), into a Zimmatic irrigation system, equipped with Rainbird impact sprinklers, making a 0.64 cm (0.25 inch) water application. Two replications of each treatment were applied to 8 acre pie shaped plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Negotiation with the cooperator necessitated 2 slightly smaller check plots. Within each plot 4 randomly selected plants were artificially infested with a total of ca 40 first instar ECB larvae. These larvae were applied in corn cob grit to the collars of the ear leaf and the leaf 1 below the ear 3 days prior to pesticide application. Four weeks post application 4 artificially ECB infested and 5 randomly selected plants were collected from each plot. Each stalk was then split from root to tassel
{"title":"Control of European Corn Borer and Twospotted Spider Mite in West Central Nebraska, 1991","authors":"R. Seymour, J. Campbell, R. Wright","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.211","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Various pesticides were applied to field corn in two fields in west central Nebraska. Pesticides were applied to field 1, near North Platte, to blister stage, (R6 stage) ‘Pioneer 3475’ hybrid field corn on 4 Aug. Treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 206,786 Pa (30 PSI), in a total volume of 196,405 ml/ha (21 gal/acre). Each treatment was applied to 3 by 10 m plots, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. A total of about 40 first instar European corn borer (ECB) larvae was applied to 4 randomly selected plants within each plot, in corn cob grit, to the collars of the ear leaf and the leaf below, 1 day prior to pesticide application. Twospotted spider mites (TSM) were applied 3 days prior to treatment by tying 2 mite infested leaves to each of 2 plants within each plot. Since mite infestations were made close to the time of application no pre-treatment counts were conducted. Size of mite colonies were rated on the underside of three leaves below the ear, the ear leaf and two leaves above the ear at 7 and 14 DAT. Ratings were made on a 0-6 scale where 0 = no mites, 1 = individual mites, 2 = small colonies, 3 = large, individual colonies, 4 = large connected colonies but not covering the underside of the leaf, 5 = colonies completely covering the underside of the leaf, 6 = leaf dead due to spider mite damage. In addition to the spider mite colonies, spider mite predators were also counted. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatments in control of ECB larvae 4 artificially ECB infested and four randomly selected corn plants were collected from each plot four weeks post application. Each stalk was then split from root to tassel and the number of ECB larval cavities were counted. In a second field, near Hershey, Nebraska, insecticides were applied by center pivot injection on 13 Aug to soft dough stage (R7 stage) ‘Jacques 7710’ and ‘Jacques 7770’ hybrid field corn. Treatments were applied with a Pulsa diaphragm injector pump in a total volume of 9,353 ml/ha (1 gal/acre). One treatment also required the addition of 2,338 ml/ha (1 qt/ha) Veg-oil emulsified crop oil. These mixtures were sequentially injected, at a rate of 520 ml/min (18 oz/min), into a Zimmatic irrigation system, equipped with Rainbird impact sprinklers, making a 0.64 cm (0.25 inch) water application. Two replications of each treatment were applied to 8 acre pie shaped plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Negotiation with the cooperator necessitated 2 slightly smaller check plots. Within each plot 4 randomly selected plants were artificially infested with a total of ca 40 first instar ECB larvae. These larvae were applied in corn cob grit to the collars of the ear leaf and the leaf 1 below the ear 3 days prior to pesticide application. Four weeks post application 4 artificially ECB infested and 5 randomly selected plants were collected from each plot. Each stalk was then split from root to tassel ","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82811013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleven treatments were applied to evaluate control of pine root collar weevil on heavily infested 8-12 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Individual treatments were applied to replicates after the duff below each tree was removed and bare ground was exposed. Liquid formulations were applied at the rate of 312 gal/acre (946 ml/tree) with a C02 compressed air sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The following conditions existed on 15 May: clear skies; air temperature, 90°F; water pH, 7.0; and RH, 39%. Each tree was dug and burlapped at the field site on 14 Nov, loaded into a rental truck, and returned to the laboratory. Each tree was thoroughly examined by removing all the bark from the root collar areas and lateral roots to record the presence of larvae. The soil ball was examined for the presence of larvae and adults.
{"title":"Evaluation of Entomogenous Nematodes and Conventional Formulations to Control Pine Root Collar Weevil on Scotch Pine in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, 1991","authors":"P. R. Heller, R. Walker","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.349b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.349b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eleven treatments were applied to evaluate control of pine root collar weevil on heavily infested 8-12 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Individual treatments were applied to replicates after the duff below each tree was removed and bare ground was exposed. Liquid formulations were applied at the rate of 312 gal/acre (946 ml/tree) with a C02 compressed air sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle mounted on a 24 inch boom operating at 28 psi. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The following conditions existed on 15 May: clear skies; air temperature, 90°F; water pH, 7.0; and RH, 39%. Each tree was dug and burlapped at the field site on 14 Nov, loaded into a rental truck, and returned to the laboratory. Each tree was thoroughly examined by removing all the bark from the root collar areas and lateral roots to record the presence of larvae. The soil ball was examined for the presence of larvae and adults.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90725928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mature pear trees were sprayed with a handgun operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of GMB. Plots consisted of 8 single-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated by counting GMB on 10 shoots per replicate on 2 Jun and by rating 25 fruits per replicate at harvest for presence of nymphs in the calyx and fruit russet from honeydew. All early season treatments except AC 303630 were applied twice, at clusterbud (CB) stage (26 Mar) and petal fall (PF) stage (17 Apr) of tree development. AC 303630 was applied only once at PF. Three of the treatments were applied only at the time of summer generation crawlers activity (1 Jul).
{"title":"Pear, Grape Mealybug Control, 1992","authors":"E. Burts","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.56","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mature pear trees were sprayed with a handgun operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of GMB. Plots consisted of 8 single-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated by counting GMB on 10 shoots per replicate on 2 Jun and by rating 25 fruits per replicate at harvest for presence of nymphs in the calyx and fruit russet from honeydew. All early season treatments except AC 303630 were applied twice, at clusterbud (CB) stage (26 Mar) and petal fall (PF) stage (17 Apr) of tree development. AC 303630 was applied only once at PF. Three of the treatments were applied only at the time of summer generation crawlers activity (1 Jul).","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90454539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plots were placed in a commercial cranberry bean field planted on 13 May. Plot size was 4 rows, 9.1 m long x 0.75 m wide. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Pretreatment PLH counts were 1.2/leaf. Foliar materials were applied on 8 and 22 Jul. Each application consisted of a 2 liter total applied to 0.00167 ha. PLH counts in untreated plots on 22 Jul were 1.1/leaf.
{"title":"Potato Leafhopper Control in Dry Bean, 1992","authors":"D. Noetzel, P. Maher","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.81a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.81a","url":null,"abstract":"Plots were placed in a commercial cranberry bean field planted on 13 May. Plot size was 4 rows, 9.1 m long x 0.75 m wide. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Pretreatment PLH counts were 1.2/leaf. Foliar materials were applied on 8 and 22 Jul. Each application consisted of a 2 liter total applied to 0.00167 ha. PLH counts in untreated plots on 22 Jul were 1.1/leaf.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89774330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton was planted on 6 Jul with plots consisting of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 15 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ha through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.1 kg/cm2. Insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 11, 18, and 28 Sep against an established population of bollworms and tobacco budworms (primarily tobacco budworms). Efficacy against bollworms and tobacco budworms was determined by examining 25 squares/plot for evidence of feeding damage and the presence of larvae on each of 3 observation dates. Efficacy against beet armyworms was determined by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a standard (38 cm diam) sweep net.
{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Mixtures Against Late Season Populations of Bollworm, Tobacco Bud-Worm and Beet Armyworm, 1992","authors":"J. Graves, B. R. Leonard, P. Clay","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.223a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.223a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cotton was planted on 6 Jul with plots consisting of 4 rows (102 cm centers) x 15 m. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters total spray/ha through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 2.1 kg/cm2. Insecticide treatments were applied on 8, 11, 18, and 28 Sep against an established population of bollworms and tobacco budworms (primarily tobacco budworms). Efficacy against bollworms and tobacco budworms was determined by examining 25 squares/plot for evidence of feeding damage and the presence of larvae on each of 3 observation dates. Efficacy against beet armyworms was determined by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a standard (38 cm diam) sweep net.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86690845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was a randomized complete block design replicated six times, conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1991. It was planted 20 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 1 Jul. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter, 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of a flowable maneb (4F) 2.3 to 3.5L/ha). Furrow applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha.
{"title":"Irish Potato, Control of Potato-Infesting Aphids, 1992","authors":"G. Sewell, R. H. Storch","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.153","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The experiment was a randomized complete block design replicated six times, conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1991. It was planted 20 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 1 Jul. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter, 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by seven foliar applications of a flowable maneb (4F) 2.3 to 3.5L/ha). Furrow applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89053853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 6 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 30 Jan. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 25 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 2 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Eight treatments and a nontreated check were compared. Treatments tested were alternate week applications of an insect growth regulator, CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha), in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) or Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha) rotated with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406 in combination with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406; and weekly application of Cutlass, Dipel, and Phosdrin 4 E (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design.
1990年2月6日，在佛罗里达大学热带研究和教育中心，将“Rio Verde”卷心菜种子放入发芽混合物(Pro-Mix)中，并直接播种到罗克代尔土壤中。土壤用terro - o - gas熏蒸(75%甲基溴，25%氯丁;1月30日，在1.8 m的中心床上，植株行间距0.3 m，行间距0.76 m。1月25日施用化肥(1680公斤/公顷，颗粒比例为6:12:12)并将其混入土壤中。2月2日，在两层之间施用EC(0.56公斤/公顷)以控制杂草。采用涡轮t型胶带滴灌系统(型号40)每天灌溉4小时，每小时输送5.0升水/米滴灌。8个治疗组和一个未治疗组进行比较。试验处理是交替施用昆虫生长调节剂CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha)，与苏云金芽孢杆菌变种kurstaki、Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha)或Dipel 2x (0.56 kg/ha)联合，与苏云金芽孢杆菌变种kurstaki (Cutlass WP或Dipel 2x)轮流施用;CME 13406与苏云金芽孢杆菌变种kurstaki (Cutlass WP或Dipel 2x)联合每两周施用;CME 13406每两周申请一次;每周施用Cutlass、Dipel和Phosdrin 4 E (0.56 kg (AI)/公顷)与Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/公顷)联合施用。在随机完全区组设计中重复4次治疗。
{"title":"Integrated Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1990","authors":"R. K. Jansson, S. Lecrone, J. Castillo","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.95","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 6 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 30 Jan. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 25 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 2 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Eight treatments and a nontreated check were compared. Treatments tested were alternate week applications of an insect growth regulator, CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha), in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) or Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha) rotated with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406 in combination with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406; and weekly application of Cutlass, Dipel, and Phosdrin 4 E (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83940322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
‘Maple Sweet’ cv. sweet corn was seeded on 15 May at the Wes Watkins A.R.E.C, Lane, OK. Plots 5.8 m long by 4 rows wide were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rows were spaced 91 cm apart and plants were spaced 10-15 cm apart within rows. Two unplanted rows between plots and 1.5 m within rows served as spray buffers. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted PTO-driven air pressure sprayer calibrated at 95.8 liters per acre. Six insecticide applications were made on a 3 x per week regime on the following dates: 9, 13, 15, 17, 20 and 22 Jul. Three TX-10 spray nozzles per row were suspended from the boom with one nozzle on each side of the row directed inward at the level of the silks and one nozzle above the row. Thirty primary ears from each plot were harvested on 24 Jul and evaluated for CEW damage. Each ear was categorized according to USDA standards as undamaged, marketable or unmarketable. Marketability was determined by measuring the depth of CEW penetration from the tip of the ear. Ears with no damage beyond 38 mm from the tip or at least 12.7 cm in length after trimming all damage from them were considered marketable. Ears were considered unmarketable if damage extended beyond 38 mm from the tip or if total undamaged length was less than 12.7 cm after trimming. Average penetration depth was also calculated.
' Maple Sweet '简历。5月15日，甜玉米在韦斯·沃特金斯A.R.E.C播种。地块长5.8 m，宽4行，采用完全随机区组设计，共4个重复。行距为91 cm，行内植株间距为10 ~ 15 cm。地块之间的两行未种植行和行内1.5米作为喷雾缓冲。整个审判过程都采用了标准的文化习俗。使用安装在拖拉机上的pto驱动的空气压力喷雾器进行处理，校准为每英亩95.8升。在7月9日、13日、15日、17日、20日和22日按每周3次的方式施用了6次杀虫剂。每排悬挂3个TX-10喷雾器，每排两侧各有一个喷雾器朝向丝面，另一个喷雾器在行上方。7月24日，每个小区收获30个主穗，并对CEW损害进行评估。根据美国农业部的标准，每只耳朵都被分类为未受损、适销和滞销。适销性是通过测量从耳尖开始的超声穿透深度来确定的。如果穗尖处没有超过38毫米的损伤，或者在修剪所有损伤后穗长至少12.7厘米，则被认为是可销售的。如果耳朵受损超过38毫米，或者修剪后未受损的总长度小于12.7厘米，则认为耳朵无法销售。同时计算平均穿透深度。
{"title":"Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1992","authors":"S. Rowland, B. Cartwright","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘Maple Sweet’ cv. sweet corn was seeded on 15 May at the Wes Watkins A.R.E.C, Lane, OK. Plots 5.8 m long by 4 rows wide were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rows were spaced 91 cm apart and plants were spaced 10-15 cm apart within rows. Two unplanted rows between plots and 1.5 m within rows served as spray buffers. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted PTO-driven air pressure sprayer calibrated at 95.8 liters per acre. Six insecticide applications were made on a 3 x per week regime on the following dates: 9, 13, 15, 17, 20 and 22 Jul. Three TX-10 spray nozzles per row were suspended from the boom with one nozzle on each side of the row directed inward at the level of the silks and one nozzle above the row. Thirty primary ears from each plot were harvested on 24 Jul and evaluated for CEW damage. Each ear was categorized according to USDA standards as undamaged, marketable or unmarketable. Marketability was determined by measuring the depth of CEW penetration from the tip of the ear. Ears with no damage beyond 38 mm from the tip or at least 12.7 cm in length after trimming all damage from them were considered marketable. Ears were considered unmarketable if damage extended beyond 38 mm from the tip or if total undamaged length was less than 12.7 cm after trimming. Average penetration depth was also calculated.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87738202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatments were applied on 25 Jul using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray per acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. the plots, which were located in Leake County, were 8, 38 inch rows wide by 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Counts were made 3 and 6 DAT by searching the terminal area of 25 plants per plot for larvae; 4 randomly chosen squares from each plant were examined for the damage determination. No rain fell on the plots prior to the 3 DAT sample. Pretreatment infestation level within the plot area was 24% small larvae. Of 37 large larvae collected from check plots and adjacent untreated areas at 6 DAT, 92% were identified as bollworms.
{"title":"Control of Bollworm/Budworm Complex in Mississippi Cotton, Trial II, 1992","authors":"B. Layton, Michael S. Howell, Bob Head","doi":"10.1093/iat/18.1.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treatments were applied on 25 Jul using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray per acre through 8001 nozzle tips at 40 psi. the plots, which were located in Leake County, were 8, 38 inch rows wide by 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Counts were made 3 and 6 DAT by searching the terminal area of 25 plants per plot for larvae; 4 randomly chosen squares from each plant were examined for the damage determination. No rain fell on the plots prior to the 3 DAT sample. Pretreatment infestation level within the plot area was 24% small larvae. Of 37 large larvae collected from check plots and adjacent untreated areas at 6 DAT, 92% were identified as bollworms.","PeriodicalId":13691,"journal":{"name":"Insecticide and Acaricide Tests","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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