Microalgae-based biofuels are an appropriate alternative to fossil fuels due to their sustainable merits over terrestrial feedstock. Microalgae is a unicellular and simple multicellular autotrophic microorganism consists of high nutrition and photosynthetic utilization degree. Microalgae are abundant in the environment in seawater, freshwater, and wastewater. Microalgae is a promising feedstock to produce biofuel since they are capable of mitigating CO2 emission and accumulating lipids for their high biomass productivity. Many microalgal species contain high content of lipids and require a simple cultivation process than other plant crops for the production of biofuels. Microalgae can produce several biofuels such as biodiesel, biomethanol, biohydrogen, bioethanol, etc. The production of biofuels from microalgae is a potential process to encounter future energy demand since microalgae are cultivated year by year. The current review paper clearly describes the different culturing methods of microalgae, different harvesting techniques used in microalgae separation, and then finally, different biofuel produced from microalgal species.
{"title":"A review on recent advances in micro-algal based biofuel production","authors":"R. Shobana, B. Deepanraj, M. Anand, J. Ranjitha","doi":"10.1063/5.0066422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066422","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae-based biofuels are an appropriate alternative to fossil fuels due to their sustainable merits over terrestrial feedstock. Microalgae is a unicellular and simple multicellular autotrophic microorganism consists of high nutrition and photosynthetic utilization degree. Microalgae are abundant in the environment in seawater, freshwater, and wastewater. Microalgae is a promising feedstock to produce biofuel since they are capable of mitigating CO2 emission and accumulating lipids for their high biomass productivity. Many microalgal species contain high content of lipids and require a simple cultivation process than other plant crops for the production of biofuels. Microalgae can produce several biofuels such as biodiesel, biomethanol, biohydrogen, bioethanol, etc. The production of biofuels from microalgae is a potential process to encounter future energy demand since microalgae are cultivated year by year. The current review paper clearly describes the different culturing methods of microalgae, different harvesting techniques used in microalgae separation, and then finally, different biofuel produced from microalgal species.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"410 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate is an indicator to measure the economic stability in Indonesia. An effort to maintain the stability of the IDR exchange rate is very important because it would directly impact Indonesia’s national monetary conditions such as debt settlement and export-import. One way to measure government policy in reducing the exchange rate is by making a prediction. The accurate prediction is determined by the model which is suitable to the data characteristics. Generally, exchange rate data is nonlinear imply the linear model is less effective to be applied. This study aims to model and predict the IDR exchange rate using a hybrid ARIMA and Neural Network model (ARIMA-NN), where ARIMA is for modeling linear components while NN is for modeling nonlinear components. This study uses daily data on US Dollar (USD) to IDR exchange rate from January 2015 - June 2020, which is categorized into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The results show that the best hybrid ARIMA-NN model is a combined model of ARIMA (1,1,1) and the NN model with 1 input, 1 hidden layer, and 5 neurons. The accurate prediction of this model is quite good with the smallest MAPE value.
{"title":"Indonesian rupiah exchange rate prediction using a hybrid ARIMA and neural network model","authors":"Clarita Yunet Rumaruson, L. J. Sinay, M. Tilukay","doi":"10.1063/5.0059512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059512","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) exchange rate is an indicator to measure the economic stability in Indonesia. An effort to maintain the stability of the IDR exchange rate is very important because it would directly impact Indonesia’s national monetary conditions such as debt settlement and export-import. One way to measure government policy in reducing the exchange rate is by making a prediction. The accurate prediction is determined by the model which is suitable to the data characteristics. Generally, exchange rate data is nonlinear imply the linear model is less effective to be applied. This study aims to model and predict the IDR exchange rate using a hybrid ARIMA and Neural Network model (ARIMA-NN), where ARIMA is for modeling linear components while NN is for modeling nonlinear components. This study uses daily data on US Dollar (USD) to IDR exchange rate from January 2015 - June 2020, which is categorized into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The results show that the best hybrid ARIMA-NN model is a combined model of ARIMA (1,1,1) and the NN model with 1 input, 1 hidden layer, and 5 neurons. The accurate prediction of this model is quite good with the smallest MAPE value.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78295447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to eliminate uncertainty due to organoleptic quality assessment, with the application of fuzzy logic. A case study was carried out by measuring the quality of fish floss products in Ambon city. This organoleptic quality assessment is linguistic in nature, so the variables and parameter determination are uncertain. Because of the uncertainty of the variables and parameters used, one method that can be applied is to use fuzzy logic. The basis of fuzzy logic is the fuzzy set theory. In fuzzy set theory, the role of the degree of membership as a determinant of the existence of elements in a set is very important. The results indicate that fuzzy logic can be used to reduce uncertainty in the organoleptic analysis. The quality of fish floss is at the real value of 4.12. Thus, consumers generally assume that the quality of fish floss is good.
{"title":"Application of fuzzy logic in organoleptic tests (case study on fish floss products)","authors":"Alfredo Tutuhatunewa","doi":"10.1063/5.0059470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059470","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to eliminate uncertainty due to organoleptic quality assessment, with the application of fuzzy logic. A case study was carried out by measuring the quality of fish floss products in Ambon city. This organoleptic quality assessment is linguistic in nature, so the variables and parameter determination are uncertain. Because of the uncertainty of the variables and parameters used, one method that can be applied is to use fuzzy logic. The basis of fuzzy logic is the fuzzy set theory. In fuzzy set theory, the role of the degree of membership as a determinant of the existence of elements in a set is very important. The results indicate that fuzzy logic can be used to reduce uncertainty in the organoleptic analysis. The quality of fish floss is at the real value of 4.12. Thus, consumers generally assume that the quality of fish floss is good.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"408 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76626573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is oil obtained from coconut flesh (Cocos Nucifera L), without heating, safe for human consumption, and has a high content of lauric acid (lauric acid). In this study, the VCO oil quality determination was carried out by analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of VCO oil produced from the immersion and fermentation methods. Functional group analysis used FTIR Spectroscopy and resulted in spectra data that tended to be the same with a difference of about 0.001. The functional group with the maximum intensity is at a wavelength of 1742.63 with the double bond C=O of 0.303-0.307. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of VCO oil using GC-MS, obtained levels of lauric acid urat26% and other fatty acids. Then the physical properties measurement in the form of a refractive index value of 1,448, viscosity ranging from (35.638 - 41.361) mm2Is, density ranging from (0.900-0.902) grImL, yield 20%, organoleptic test (smell, taste, and color) aroma of coconut, transparent color and not rancid. Besides, the Total Plate Number (TPN) test showed both VCO oils were negative, where there was no bacterial growth in the VCO oil. The analysis of physicochemical characteristics shows that the VCO produced is good quality and follows APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community) standards.
{"title":"Physicochemical characteristics analysis of virgin coconut oil from immersion and fermentation methods","authors":"M. Y. S. Risakotta, G. A. Salamena, G. Loupatty","doi":"10.1063/5.0059691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059691","url":null,"abstract":"Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is oil obtained from coconut flesh (Cocos Nucifera L), without heating, safe for human consumption, and has a high content of lauric acid (lauric acid). In this study, the VCO oil quality determination was carried out by analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of VCO oil produced from the immersion and fermentation methods. Functional group analysis used FTIR Spectroscopy and resulted in spectra data that tended to be the same with a difference of about 0.001. The functional group with the maximum intensity is at a wavelength of 1742.63 with the double bond C=O of 0.303-0.307. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of VCO oil using GC-MS, obtained levels of lauric acid urat26% and other fatty acids. Then the physical properties measurement in the form of a refractive index value of 1,448, viscosity ranging from (35.638 - 41.361) mm2Is, density ranging from (0.900-0.902) grImL, yield 20%, organoleptic test (smell, taste, and color) aroma of coconut, transparent color and not rancid. Besides, the Total Plate Number (TPN) test showed both VCO oils were negative, where there was no bacterial growth in the VCO oil. The analysis of physicochemical characteristics shows that the VCO produced is good quality and follows APCC (Asian and Pacific Coconut Community) standards.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79059346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary source of excitation on traditional wood-engined boats is the vibration of the main engine. The structure is designed to be able to withstand the burden of the forces acting on it. The engine from China is the most types of engines used in Maluku than the other engine type. The reason is that the price is more affordable than the other. For the vibration of the main engine to be distributed evenly, the construction characteristics in the connection area must be known so that the transmission can be engineered and resonance at a certain point can be avoided. This study wants to prove that the local resonance can be overcome by using simulation assistance. The Non-Destructive Analysis (NDE) method widely used by researchers has proven to be cheap, efficient, and useful for large structures with reasonable accuracy. The source of excitation comes from two different machines that are installed on ships of the same size. The use of two different machines is intended so that the analysis can recommend a connection that matches each machine’s performance through the magnitude of the amplitude that occurs at the connection points. The stress concentration analysis of each machine is different. The results of the structural response due to the Yanmar and Dong Feng engine’s excitation were collected with the help of simulating at the same parts.
{"title":"Analysis of vibration characteristics of different main engine for determining the connection model of wooden ship","authors":"R. P. Soumokil, D. R. Lekatompessy, O. Metekohy","doi":"10.1063/5.0059544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059544","url":null,"abstract":"The primary source of excitation on traditional wood-engined boats is the vibration of the main engine. The structure is designed to be able to withstand the burden of the forces acting on it. The engine from China is the most types of engines used in Maluku than the other engine type. The reason is that the price is more affordable than the other. For the vibration of the main engine to be distributed evenly, the construction characteristics in the connection area must be known so that the transmission can be engineered and resonance at a certain point can be avoided. This study wants to prove that the local resonance can be overcome by using simulation assistance. The Non-Destructive Analysis (NDE) method widely used by researchers has proven to be cheap, efficient, and useful for large structures with reasonable accuracy. The source of excitation comes from two different machines that are installed on ships of the same size. The use of two different machines is intended so that the analysis can recommend a connection that matches each machine’s performance through the magnitude of the amplitude that occurs at the connection points. The stress concentration analysis of each machine is different. The results of the structural response due to the Yanmar and Dong Feng engine’s excitation were collected with the help of simulating at the same parts.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83333697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gokul Gopan, L. Hauchhum, P. Kalita, R. Krishnan, S. Pattanayak
Gas solid fluidized bed application has gained popularity as an excellent contacting device that is been widely used in thermo-chemical processes, drying application in food processing industries etc. due to its favorable heat transfer characteristics. Most of the outmoded fluidization activities reported is confined with columnar/cylindrical shaped bed reactors. Conventionally, tapered/conical reactors are used for energy conversion which has substantial dynamic characteristics over the columnar reactors in terms of smooth, steady operation with marginal pressure variation. This work focuses on the computational modelling and simulation on the effect of various parameters like par, Stagnant bed height, Superficial velocity, Minimum fluidization velocity and Heat transfer characteristics upon variation in the taper angle of Tapered Fluidized Bed Reactor (TFBR) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver FLUENT. Two Fluid Model (TFM) is adopted for the simulation studies where both the phases (Solid, Gas) are treated as fluids. The results obtained are compared with simulation conducted for columnar reactor having same axial length. 2D domain has the axial length of 1.2 m and bottom diameter of 0.15 m. Simulation results shows that the finer the particle size becomes, greater is the heat transfer by conduction from bed to wall compared to larger particles. The interphase heat transfer from Solid-Air is maximum in the reactor core section. Although the particle volume fraction is observed to be more in columnar reactor, better fluidization characteristics is observed in reactor with taper angle 4.52°.
{"title":"Parametric study of tapered fluidized bed reactor under varied taper angle using TFM","authors":"Gokul Gopan, L. Hauchhum, P. Kalita, R. Krishnan, S. Pattanayak","doi":"10.1063/5.0066547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066547","url":null,"abstract":"Gas solid fluidized bed application has gained popularity as an excellent contacting device that is been widely used in thermo-chemical processes, drying application in food processing industries etc. due to its favorable heat transfer characteristics. Most of the outmoded fluidization activities reported is confined with columnar/cylindrical shaped bed reactors. Conventionally, tapered/conical reactors are used for energy conversion which has substantial dynamic characteristics over the columnar reactors in terms of smooth, steady operation with marginal pressure variation. This work focuses on the computational modelling and simulation on the effect of various parameters like par, Stagnant bed height, Superficial velocity, Minimum fluidization velocity and Heat transfer characteristics upon variation in the taper angle of Tapered Fluidized Bed Reactor (TFBR) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver FLUENT. Two Fluid Model (TFM) is adopted for the simulation studies where both the phases (Solid, Gas) are treated as fluids. The results obtained are compared with simulation conducted for columnar reactor having same axial length. 2D domain has the axial length of 1.2 m and bottom diameter of 0.15 m. Simulation results shows that the finer the particle size becomes, greater is the heat transfer by conduction from bed to wall compared to larger particles. The interphase heat transfer from Solid-Air is maximum in the reactor core section. Although the particle volume fraction is observed to be more in columnar reactor, better fluidization characteristics is observed in reactor with taper angle 4.52°.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86076346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sopaheluwakan, E. R. Persulessy, B. P. Tomasouw
This digital era makes everyone feel insecure about their privacy, such as information. This is a nowadays problem, but it can be solved with the security system. Cryptography is one of the security systems, which scrambles message using a key. The key is important to process both encrypt and decrypt in cryptography. One of the cryptography algorithms is hill cipher. It is an algorithm which uses symmetric key. In this research, Fibonacci and modulo principle will be used to create the key, and then the key will be used to scramble the message using hill cipher algorithm. Finally, the information can only be opened by people who know the key correctly.
{"title":"Fibonacci and modulo principle for hiding information using hill cipher algorithm","authors":"M. Sopaheluwakan, E. R. Persulessy, B. P. Tomasouw","doi":"10.1063/5.0059491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059491","url":null,"abstract":"This digital era makes everyone feel insecure about their privacy, such as information. This is a nowadays problem, but it can be solved with the security system. Cryptography is one of the security systems, which scrambles message using a key. The key is important to process both encrypt and decrypt in cryptography. One of the cryptography algorithms is hill cipher. It is an algorithm which uses symmetric key. In this research, Fibonacci and modulo principle will be used to create the key, and then the key will be used to scramble the message using hill cipher algorithm. Finally, the information can only be opened by people who know the key correctly.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74914762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Wafiroh, Jacqueline Marsha Meliska, Tri Susanti, A. A. Widati, Abdulloh
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the types of fuel cells that potentially able to be an alternative energy sourcethat environmentally friendly to overcome the energy crisis of fossil fuels in the future. The objective of research to product and characterize the composite membrane of chitosan-CaO phosphorylated as PEMFC. PEMFC made by chitosan and CaO with concentration variation of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w). First, chitosan-CaOdope solution is made. Then, Crosslinking process of chitosan-CaO composite membrane is submerged in solution of 0.005glutaraldehyde and phosphorylation process is done by soaking the membrane in solution of STPP 2N. Characterization of membrane was encompassed by determination of the mechanical properties by tensile test, ion exchange capacity test, water swelling test, analysis of functional groups by FTIR, analysis of membrane morphology by SEM, methanol permeability test, and proton conductivity test. The addition of CaO 25% (w/w) is the most optimal production of phosphorylation chitosan-CaO composite membrane. The membrane exhibited stress of 32 kN/cm2, Young’s modulus of 1.3 kN/cm2, ion exchange capacity of 2.413 meq/g, swelling degree at 26.65%, methanol permeability at 1.61x10−3 kg/m2s, and proton conductivity at 4.75x10−5 S/cm. Based on the analysis results, the phosphorylation chitosan-CaO 25% (w/w) composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC.
{"title":"The production and characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-calcium oxide composite membrane as proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"S. Wafiroh, Jacqueline Marsha Meliska, Tri Susanti, A. A. Widati, Abdulloh","doi":"10.1063/5.0059523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059523","url":null,"abstract":"Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the types of fuel cells that potentially able to be an alternative energy sourcethat environmentally friendly to overcome the energy crisis of fossil fuels in the future. The objective of research to product and characterize the composite membrane of chitosan-CaO phosphorylated as PEMFC. PEMFC made by chitosan and CaO with concentration variation of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w). First, chitosan-CaOdope solution is made. Then, Crosslinking process of chitosan-CaO composite membrane is submerged in solution of 0.005glutaraldehyde and phosphorylation process is done by soaking the membrane in solution of STPP 2N. Characterization of membrane was encompassed by determination of the mechanical properties by tensile test, ion exchange capacity test, water swelling test, analysis of functional groups by FTIR, analysis of membrane morphology by SEM, methanol permeability test, and proton conductivity test. The addition of CaO 25% (w/w) is the most optimal production of phosphorylation chitosan-CaO composite membrane. The membrane exhibited stress of 32 kN/cm2, Young’s modulus of 1.3 kN/cm2, ion exchange capacity of 2.413 meq/g, swelling degree at 26.65%, methanol permeability at 1.61x10−3 kg/m2s, and proton conductivity at 4.75x10−5 S/cm. Based on the analysis results, the phosphorylation chitosan-CaO 25% (w/w) composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75229179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy demand has increased due to the development of industrialization and urbanization. As a result, renewable energy sources satisfy the energy demand of human, social and economic development since fossil fuels are limited in natural resources and causing global warming in the environment. In current scenarios, scientists worldwide focus on renewable energy sources like solar, biomass, wind, hydropower, geothermal, etc. Consequently, developing countries are run-down in conventional fossil fuel resources and import them from other countries. A decentralized stand-alone solar system installed in rural areas is a technically feasible solution to overcome the issues. Solar energy system offers many merits in producing electricity since it has zero fuel cost and zero-emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) - greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Solar thermal energy is used for drying, cooking, heating, and electricity generation. Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are the preferred method for electricity production in the past decades. Choosing the suitable photovoltaic cell for a specific application needs proper knowledge of their basic mechanisms and functions. This paper has reviewed the broad-minded expansion of solar PV technologies from the first generation to current configurations.
{"title":"A review on solar photovoltaic systems and its application in electricity generation","authors":"C. Soumya, B. Deepanraj, J. Ranjitha","doi":"10.1063/5.0066291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066291","url":null,"abstract":"Energy demand has increased due to the development of industrialization and urbanization. As a result, renewable energy sources satisfy the energy demand of human, social and economic development since fossil fuels are limited in natural resources and causing global warming in the environment. In current scenarios, scientists worldwide focus on renewable energy sources like solar, biomass, wind, hydropower, geothermal, etc. Consequently, developing countries are run-down in conventional fossil fuel resources and import them from other countries. A decentralized stand-alone solar system installed in rural areas is a technically feasible solution to overcome the issues. Solar energy system offers many merits in producing electricity since it has zero fuel cost and zero-emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) - greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Solar thermal energy is used for drying, cooking, heating, and electricity generation. Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are the preferred method for electricity production in the past decades. Choosing the suitable photovoltaic cell for a specific application needs proper knowledge of their basic mechanisms and functions. This paper has reviewed the broad-minded expansion of solar PV technologies from the first generation to current configurations.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73081716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the synthesis of mesoporous silica (MCM-48) has been carried out by utilizing MCM-48 as an adsorbent for congo red (CR) dye. MCM-48 was synthesized hydrothermally using ludox HS40 as a silica source, CTAB and Triton X-100 as a template. Characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the optimum adsorption time of congo red by MCM-48 was 25 minutes. The adsorption capacity was determined by carrying out adsorption at various concentrations at the optimum time. Adsorption isotherms were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with the adsorption capacity of MCM-48 of 185,185 mg/g. Through kinetics experiments that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation model. This study shows that mesoporous carbon can be recommended as a good adsorbent.
{"title":"Adsorption of congo red dyes using mesoporous silica MCM-48","authors":"Faridatun Sholehah, P. Taba, Y. Hala, Bahrun","doi":"10.1063/5.0059490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059490","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the synthesis of mesoporous silica (MCM-48) has been carried out by utilizing MCM-48 as an adsorbent for congo red (CR) dye. MCM-48 was synthesized hydrothermally using ludox HS40 as a silica source, CTAB and Triton X-100 as a template. Characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the optimum adsorption time of congo red by MCM-48 was 25 minutes. The adsorption capacity was determined by carrying out adsorption at various concentrations at the optimum time. Adsorption isotherms were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with the adsorption capacity of MCM-48 of 185,185 mg/g. Through kinetics experiments that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation model. This study shows that mesoporous carbon can be recommended as a good adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":13712,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78697007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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