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The effect of allergen immunotherapy in patients with central compartment atopic disease post-surgery. 过敏原免疫疗法对手术后中央区特应性疾病患者的影响。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23459
Christian M Meerwein, Peta-Lee Sacks, Jacqueline Ho, Christine Choy, Larry Kalish, Raewyn G Campbell, Ray R Sacks, Richard J Harvey

Objective: To assess the effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on patients with central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) and house dust mite (HDM) sensitization post-surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of surgically treated, HDM-sensitized CRSwNP patients phenotyped as CCAD was assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had AIT commenced as part of their surgical care. All AIT patients started immunotherapy prior to their surgery. The primary endpoint was reformation of middle turbinate (MT) edema 12 months postsurgery. Secondary endpoints were corticosteroid irrigation use (<4 times/week vs. ≥4 times/week, %) and the rhinologic domain of the 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22). Demographic characteristics, concomitant asthma, smoking status, history of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, conjunctival symptoms, polysensitization, serum eosinophils (cell × 109/L), tissue eosinophilia (% > 100/HPF), and serum IgE (kU/L) were also recorded.

Results: Eighty-six CCAD patients were assessed (41 ± 14 yrs, 64% female). AIT was applied in 37% (n = 32). Baseline features were similar apart from greater conjunctival symptoms (72 vs. 45%, p = 0.02) in the AIT group. At 12 months post-surgery, the AIT group has less MT edema (% ≥ diffuse 15.6 vs. 52.9, p < 0.01). Patients on AIT also had less pharmacotherapy requirements at 12 months (% ≥ 4/week, 37.5 vs. 79.6%, p < 0.01). The rhinologic symptoms were similar (21.1 ± 17.1 vs. 20.1 ± 21.6, p = 0.83).

Conclusions: Surgery and pharmacotherapy are effective in managing CCAD, but the addition of AIT improved allergic phenomenon and allowed de-escalation of topical therapy. Longer term studies are required to demonstrate further immunomodulation.

摘要评估过敏原免疫疗法(AIT)对手术后中央隔室特应性疾病(CCAD)和家尘螨(HDM)致敏患者的影响:对表型为 CCAD 的接受过手术治疗、对 HDM 过敏的 CRSwNP 患者进行了回顾性队列评估。根据患者是否将 AIT 作为手术治疗的一部分,将患者分为两组。所有 AIT 患者均在手术前开始接受免疫疗法。主要终点是手术后 12 个月中鼻甲水肿的恢复情况。次要终点是皮质类固醇冲洗使用量(9/L)、组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多(% > 100/HPF),同时还记录了血清 IgE(kU/L):共评估了 86 名 CCAD 患者(41 ± 14 岁,64% 为女性)。37%的患者(32 人)使用了 AIT。基线特征相似,但 AIT 组的结膜症状更严重(72 对 45%,P = 0.02)。术后 12 个月时,AIT 组的 MT 水肿较少(≥弥漫性的百分比为 15.6 vs. 52.9,p 结论:手术和药物治疗可有效缓解眼结膜水肿:手术和药物治疗对控制 CCAD 很有效,但 AIT 的加入改善了过敏现象,并允许局部治疗降级。要进一步证明免疫调节作用,还需要进行更长期的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Time is money: An analysis of cost drivers in ambulatory sinus surgery. 时间就是金钱:门诊鼻窦手术成本动因分析。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23455
David K Lerner, Chau Phung, Alan D Workman, Saawan Patel, Glenn Pennington, Robert Stetson, Jennifer E Douglas, Michael A Kohanski, James N Palmer, Nithin D Adappa

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is one of the most commonly performed otolaryngologic procedures and is associated with significant cost variability.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all inflammatory sinus surgeries at a single tertiary care medical center from July 2021 to July 2023. The electronic medical record was reviewed for patient factors and cost variables for each procedure, and multivariable analysis was performed.

Results: A total of 221 patients were included in analysis with a mean age of 48.2 years. There was a 44.8% incidence (n = 99) of nasal polyps and 31.2% (n = 69) of cases were revision surgeries. The average total cost for the surgical encounter was $8960.31 (standard deviation $1967.97). Operating room time represented $4912.46 (54.8% of all costs), while average operating room supply costs were $1296.06 (14.5%) and recovery room costs were $919.48 (10.3%). Total costs were significantly associated with length of surgery ($7.83/min, p = 0.04), in addition to presence of nasal polyps ($531.96, p = 0.04). There was no significant association between total costs and the remaining clinical and demographic factors.

Conclusions: Costs associated with ambulatory FESS for inflammatory sinus disease vary across patients and this cost variability is predominantly driven by time efficiency within the operating room, as well as supply utilization and nasal polyposis to a lesser degree. As a result, operating room efficiency represents a primary target for cost-related interventions. Additionally, our data provide a framework for surgeons and hospitals to make evidence-based decisions on intraoperative equipment in a tradeoff between efficiency and supply costs. Our findings indicate that an approach focused on streamlining efficiency across the entire ambulatory surgery encounter will have the greatest impact on reducing healthcare expenses for both the patient and the health system.

背景:功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术(FESS)是最常实施的耳鼻喉科手术之一,但其费用变化很大:我们对一家三级医疗中心 2021 年 7 月至 2023 年 7 月期间的所有炎性鼻窦手术进行了回顾性分析。我们查阅了电子病历,以了解每项手术的患者因素和成本变量,并进行了多变量分析:共有 221 名患者参与分析,平均年龄为 48.2 岁。鼻息肉发病率为 44.8%(n = 99),31.2%(n = 69)的病例为翻修手术。手术的平均总费用为 8960.31 美元(标准差为 1967.97 美元)。手术室时间费用为 4912.46 美元(占总费用的 54.8%),手术室用品平均费用为 1296.06 美元(占 14.5%),恢复室费用为 919.48 美元(占 10.3%)。除鼻息肉(531.96 美元,p = 0.04)外,总成本与手术时间(7.83 美元/分钟,p = 0.04)也有明显关系。总成本与其他临床和人口学因素之间没有明显关联:炎症性鼻窦疾病的非卧床鼻窦成形术的相关成本因患者而异,这种成本变化主要受手术室的时间效率影响,其次是供应品的使用和鼻息肉。因此,手术室效率是成本相关干预措施的主要目标。此外,我们的数据还为外科医生和医院提供了一个框架,使其在效率和供应成本之间权衡时,就术中设备做出循证决策。我们的研究结果表明,在整个门诊手术过程中提高效率将对降低患者和医疗系统的医疗费用产生最大的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time augmentation of diagnostic nasal endoscopy video using AI-enabled edge computing. 利用人工智能边缘计算实时增强鼻内窥镜诊断视频。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23458
Jonathan Bidwell, Dipesh Gyawali, Jonathan Morse, Vinayak Ganeshan, Thinh Nguyen, Edward D McCoul

Key points: AI-enabled augmentation of nasal endoscopy video images is feasible in the clinical setting. Edge computing hardware can interface with existing nasal endoscopy equipment. Real-time AI performance can achieve an acceptable balance of accuracy and efficiency.

要点:人工智能增强鼻内窥镜视频图像在临床环境中是可行的。边缘计算硬件可与现有的鼻内窥镜设备连接。实时人工智能性能可在准确性和效率之间实现可接受的平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Correspondence for article titled “The relationship between survey-based subjective olfactory awareness and objective olfactory function” 题为 "基于调查的主观嗅觉意识与客观嗅觉功能之间的关系 "的文章的通讯。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23456
Hyun Jin Min MD,PhD
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引用次数: 0
A cost utility analysis for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. 慢性鼻炎急性加重期治疗的成本效用分析。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23452
Matthew M Chu, Jack T Garcia, Ahmad R Sedaghat, George A Scangas, Katie M Phillips

Background: The management of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) is understudied and the most cost-effective management of AECRS has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the most cost-effective strategy for the initial management of AECRS.

Methods: The study design consisted of a decision-tree economic model comparing three different initial strategies for managing a patient perceived AECRS: observation, upfront rescue medications, or clinic visit with diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE). The primary study outcome was the disease burden of a single AECRS, which was determined by the health utility value and the duration of symptoms. Strategies with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio < $50,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) or equivalently < $137/quality-adjusted life day (QALD) were considered cost-effective.

Results: Observation was the most cost-effective strategy at a willingness to pay of $137 per QALD. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that observation was more effective than upfront rescue medications when the probability of bacterial infection as the cause of AECRS was <24.0%. Upfront rescue medications wer more cost effective than observation when the probability of bacterial infection exceeded 49.0%. Clinic visit with DNE was the most effective strategy to manage an AECRS, but it was not considered cost-effective.

Conclusion: Observation is the most cost-effective strategy for the initial management of AECRS when there is a low likelihood of bacterial infection. When the probability of bacterial etiology of AECRS exceeds 49.0%, upfront rescue medications proved to be the most cost-effective strategy.

背景:对慢性鼻炎急性加重期(AECRS)的管理研究不足,此前也未对最具成本效益的 AECRS 管理方法进行过调查。本研究旨在确定最具成本效益的 AECRS 初始治疗策略:研究设计了一个决策树经济模型,比较了三种不同的AECRS初始治疗策略:观察、前期抢救药物或鼻内窥镜诊断(DNE)门诊。主要研究结果是单次 AECRS 的疾病负担,由健康效用值和症状持续时间决定。具有增量成本效益比的策略 结果:观察是最具成本效益的策略,每 QALD 的支付意愿为 137 美元。单向敏感性分析表明,当细菌感染作为 AECRS 病因的概率为结论时,观察比前期抢救药物更有效:当细菌感染的可能性较低时,观察是最经济有效的 AECRS 初始治疗策略。当 AECRS 的细菌病因概率超过 49.0% 时,前期抢救用药被证明是最具成本效益的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative characterization of eosinophilia in nasal polyps with AI-based single cell classification. 利用基于人工智能的单细胞分类对鼻息肉中的嗜酸性粒细胞进行定量表征。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23454
Martin Stampe, Ida Skovgaard Christiansen, Vibeke Backer, Kasper Aanæs, Anne-Sophie Homøe, Jens Tidemandsen, Emilie Neumann Nielsen, Sigrid Louise Hjorth Rasmussen, Rasmus Hartvig, Katalin Kiss, Thomas Hartvig Lindkær Jensen

Key points: Eosinophilic granulocytes have characteristic morphological features. This makes them prime candidates for utilization of a single cell binary classification network. Single cell binary classification networks can reliably help quantify eosinophils in nasal polyps.

要点嗜酸性粒细胞具有特征性的形态特征。这使它们成为利用单细胞二元分类网络的主要候选者。单细胞二元分类网络能可靠地帮助量化鼻息肉中的嗜酸性粒细胞。
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引用次数: 0
Reply to correspondence regarding the article “The relationship between survey-based subjective olfactory awareness and objective olfactory function” 关于 "基于调查的主观嗅觉意识与客观嗅觉功能之间的关系 "一文的信件回复。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23457
Aurelia S. Monk BA, Shreyas Pyati BS, Meredith Lamb DO, Nicholas Melott MS, Ezer H. Benaim MD, Christopher Wiesen PhD, Cristine Klatt-Cromwell MD, Brian D. Thorp MD, Charles S. Ebert Jr. MD, Adam J. Kimple MD, PhD, Brent A. Senior MD
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引用次数: 0
Rheumatic adverse events associated with biologic therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis 与慢性鼻炎生物疗法相关的风湿不良事件:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 7.2 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23453
Jenny B. Xiao HBSc, MSc, Helen Hsiao BSc, Carlos Khalil MD, John M. Lee MD, FRCSC, MSc

Background

Biologic therapies approved for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have well-established safety profiles but reports of rheumatic adverse events (AEs) are increasing and not well defined. This review aims to assess the risk and incidence of rheumatic AEs associated with biologic therapy in CRSwNP and summarize current reported management strategies.

Methods

A protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42024525663]. A search was conducted in four electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until January 4, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Data were pooled using a random effects model to calculate overall incidence and relative risk.

Results

Twenty-one studies met the final inclusion criteria, totaling 3434 patients of which 2763 (80%) received either dupilumab (n = 2257; 82%), mepolizumab (n = 372; 13%), or omalizumab (n = 134; 5%) for treatment of CRSwNP. The overall incidence rate for any on-treatment rheumatic AE was 0.05 per person–year (95% CI, 0.03–0.09, I= 75%). Biologic therapy increased the risk of developing a rheumatic AE (RR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29–4.94) compared with placebo. The most frequently reported rheumatic AE was arthralgia or joint pain (n = 94; 95%), followed by lupus-like syndrome or lupus erythematosus-like reaction (n = 2; 2.5%). Discontinuation of treatment was the most common intervention (n = 21, 39%).

Conclusion

Biologic therapy increases the risk of rheumatic AEs in CRSwNP patients by over twofold. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant in monitoring rheumatic AEs and apply appropriate management strategies on a case-by-case basis.

背景:已获批用于治疗慢性鼻炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的生物疗法具有良好的安全性,但有关风湿性不良事件(AEs)的报道却在不断增加,且定义不清。本综述旨在评估与CRSwNP生物疗法相关的风湿性不良反应的风险和发生率,并总结目前报道的管理策略:方法:在 PROSPERO [CRD42024525663]上注册了一项研究方案。在四个电子数据库中进行了检索:Medline (Ovid)、Embase、Scopus 和 Cochrane CENTRAL。两名审稿人独立筛选引文并提取数据。采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute)的关键评估工具对方法学质量进行评估。采用随机效应模型对数据进行汇总,计算总体发病率和相对风险:21项研究符合最终纳入标准,共纳入了3434名患者,其中2763人(80%)接受了杜匹单抗(n = 2257; 82%)、甲波利珠单抗(n = 372; 13%)或奥马珠单抗(n = 134; 5%)治疗CRSwNP。任何治疗中风湿性 AE 的总发病率为 0.05 人/年(95% CI,0.03-0.09,I2 = 75%)。与安慰剂相比,生物疗法增加了发生风湿性 AE 的风险(RR = 2.53;95% CI,1.29-4.94)。最常见的风湿性 AE 是关节痛或关节疼痛(n = 94;95%),其次是狼疮样综合征或红斑狼疮样反应(n = 2;2.5%)。停止治疗是最常见的干预措施(n = 21,39%):结论:生物治疗会使 CRSwNP 患者发生风湿性 AEs 的风险增加两倍以上。医疗服务提供者在监测风湿性 AEs 时应保持警惕,并根据具体情况采取适当的管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
In office sampling of eosinophil peroxidase to diagnose eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis 诊室取样检测嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶以诊断嗜酸性粒细胞慢性鼻炎
IF 6.4 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23448
Jacquelyn K. Callander, Annabelle R. Charbit, Kritika Khanna, John V. Fahy, Monica Tang, Maude Liegeois, Steven D. Pletcher, Andrew N. Goldberg, Jose G. Gurrola, Andrew H. Murr, Anna Butrymowicz, Patricia A. Loftus
BackgroundPractical biomarkers for endotypic characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain elusive, hindering clinical utility. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is an enzyme released by activated eosinophils. The objective of this study was to evaluate a clinic EPX assay as a marker of eosinophilic CRS.MethodsSubjects with and without CRS presenting to a tertiary care rhinology clinic were prospectively enrolled, and nasal cytology brushings were collected from the middle meatus during in‐clinic nasal endoscopy. ELISA assay was used to quantify EPX levels, and a customized multiplex immunoassay was used to quantify inflammatory cytokine mediators. Findings were correlated with clinical data.ResultsForty‐two subjects were enrolled, including 31 CRS subjects and 11 controls. Median EPX levels were 125.0 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD] 1745.8) and 6.5 ng/mL (SD 99.0) for CRS group and controls, respectively (p = 0.003). EPX levels were associated with history of asthma (p = 0.015), allergies (p = 0.028), polyps (p = 0.0006), smell loss (p = 0.006), and systemic eosinophilia or elevated immunoglobulin E (p ≤ 0.0001). Twenty‐eight subjects from both the CRS and control groups had prior pathology for comparison, with histologic confirmation of local tissue eosinophilia (>10 eosinophils/hpf) in 11 subjects. This subgroup had a median EPX level of 967.5 ng/mL compared to 10.6 ng/mL in 17 subjects without local tissue eosinophilia (p = 0.0008). EPX levels were positively correlated to interleukin‐5 levels (p = 0.0005).ConclusionEPX levels can be measured via well‐tolerated in‐clinic collection of nasal mucus. EPX levels are associated with clinical markers of type 2 inflammation and tissue eosinophilia and may provide a valuable diagnostic tool to delineate eosinophilic CRS.
背景用于描述慢性鼻炎(CRS)内型特征的实用生物标志物仍未出现,妨碍了临床应用。嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶(EPX)是活化的嗜酸性粒细胞释放的一种酶。本研究的目的是评估作为嗜酸性粒细胞 CRS 标志物的临床 EPX 检测方法。方法前瞻性地招募了在三级医院鼻科门诊就诊的患有和未患有 CRS 的受试者,并在门诊鼻内窥镜检查期间从中耳采集了鼻腔细胞学刷片。ELISA检测法用于量化EPX水平,定制的多重免疫测定法用于量化炎症细胞因子介质。结果42名受试者参加了研究,包括31名CRS受试者和11名对照组。CRS组和对照组的EPX水平中位数分别为125.0纳克/毫升(标准差[SD] 1745.8)和6.5纳克/毫升(SD 99.0)(P = 0.003)。EPX水平与哮喘病史(p = 0.015)、过敏(p = 0.028)、息肉(p = 0.0006)、嗅觉减退(p = 0.006)、全身嗜酸性粒细胞增多或免疫球蛋白E升高(p ≤ 0.0001)有关。CRS 组和对照组中均有 28 名受试者进行了病理对比,其中 11 名受试者的局部组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多(>10 个嗜酸性粒细胞/hpf)得到了组织学证实。该亚组的 EPX 水平中位数为 967.5 纳克/毫升,而 17 例无局部组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多的受试者的 EPX 水平中位数为 10.6 纳克/毫升(p = 0.0008)。EPX水平与白细胞介素-5水平呈正相关(p = 0.0005)。EPX水平与2型炎症和组织嗜酸性粒细胞增多症的临床标记物相关,可为确定嗜酸性粒细胞增多症CRS提供有价值的诊断工具。
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引用次数: 0
Patient‐reported disease control versus overall symptom severity as global metrics of chronic rhinosinusitis disease status 将患者报告的疾病控制情况与总体症状严重程度作为慢性鼻炎疾病状况的总体衡量标准
IF 6.4 2区 医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23435
Ryan A. Cotter, Jack T. Garcia, Ahmed Alsayed, Sven Schneider, David T. Liu, Julia Eckl‐Dorna, Firas A. Houssein, Robby S. Boparai, Nikhil A. Parail, Matthew M. Chu, Josh C. Meier, Saad Alsaleh, Katie M. Phillips, Ahmad R. Sedaghat
BackgroundOverall symptom severity (OSS) and patient‐reported chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) control are global measures of CRS identified as consensus, essential criteria for CRS disease control assessment. We sought to determine the functional relationship between these two metrics.MethodsUsing an international multicenter mixed‐methods design, 260 CRS patients were recruited. OSS score was measured using a visual analog scale. Patient‐reported CRS control was measured as “controlled,” “partly controlled,” and “uncontrolled.” Twelve participants underwent semi‐structured interviews to discuss OSS and patient‐reported CRS control.ResultsThe majority of interviewed participants felt OSS and patient‐reported CRS control measured different constructs—while OSS only measured symptoms, patient‐reported CRS control was more global, including not only symptom severity but also concepts such as medication usage, activity impairment, and exacerbations. Nevertheless, OSS score was strongly correlated with (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.001) and highly predictive of patient‐reported CRS control. OSS score of >4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–4.2) had 74.7% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity in identifying patients reporting their CRS as not controlled. OSS score of >6.6 (95% CI: 4.1–7.1) had 77.0% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity in identifying patients reporting their CRS as uncontrolled. The 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test score was also predictive of patient‐reported CRS disease control but OSS was significantly more predictive.ConclusionsPatients conceptually view patient‐reported CRS control as a more global measure that subsumes OSS. Quantitatively, however, OSS is highly correlated with patient‐reported CRS control, possibly reflecting their redundancy. For ease of use, we recommend patient‐reported CRS control be reflected by OSS <4 for controlled, 4 ≤ OSS < 7 for partly controlled, and OSS ≥7 for uncontrolled CRS.
背景总体症状严重程度(OSS)和患者报告的慢性鼻炎(CRS)控制情况是CRS的总体测量指标,被认为是CRS疾病控制评估的共识和基本标准。我们试图确定这两个指标之间的功能关系。方法采用国际多中心混合方法设计,招募了 260 名 CRS 患者。采用视觉模拟量表测量 OSS 评分。患者报告的 CRS 控制情况分为 "控制"、"部分控制 "和 "未控制 "三种。12名参与者接受了半结构化访谈,讨论了OSS和患者报告的CRS控制情况。结果大多数受访者认为,OSS和患者报告的CRS控制情况衡量的是不同的概念--OSS只衡量症状,而患者报告的CRS控制情况更全面,不仅包括症状严重程度,还包括药物使用、活动障碍和病情加重等概念。尽管如此,OSS评分与患者报告的CRS控制情况密切相关(ρ = 0.67,p <0.001),并对患者报告的CRS控制情况有很高的预测性。OSS评分为>4(95%置信区间[CI]:1.8-4.2)时,在识别报告CRS未得到控制的患者方面具有74.7%的灵敏度和93.2%的特异性。OSS评分为>6.6(95% 置信区间:4.1-7.1)的患者,其报告CRS未受控制的敏感性为77.0%,特异性为75.9%。22项鼻窦结果测试评分也能预测患者报告的CRS疾病控制情况,但OSS的预测性明显更高。然而,从数量上看,OSS 与患者报告的 CRS 控制率高度相关,这可能反映了两者的冗余性。为便于使用,我们建议患者报告的 CRS 控制情况用 OSS <4 表示受控,4 ≤ OSS < 7 表示部分受控,OSS ≥ 7 表示 CRS 不受控制。
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引用次数: 0
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International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
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