Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31641
Ige Ayodeji Rapheal, Elinge Cosmos Moki, A. Muhammad, Gwani Mohammed, Lawal Gusau Hassan, Abubakar Umar BirninYauri
The initiative of using biomass as a preference source of energy is vindicated by its availability, abundance, easy accessibility and its eco-friendly nature. This therefore calls for the conversion of agricultural wastes to usable form. This study is aimed to investigate the physicochemical and combustion properties of briquettes obtained from pyrolyzed biochar of groundnut shell. The groundnut shell biochar briquette bonded with cassava starch as binder were molded and analyzed. Proximate analysis, ultimate analyses, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Calorific values, density and compressive strength, among other properties, were determined for the fabricated briquettes. A high heating value of 45.20 MJ/Kg was recorded for groundnut shell biochar briquette compared to 25.20 MJ/Kg of raw groundnut shell briquette. While the ash contents of 5.12 % and 6.40 % were recorded for raw groundnut shell briquette and groundnut shell biochar briquette respectively. It took groundnut shell biochar briquette approximately 10 minutes to boil 1000 cm3 of water, while raw groundnut shell briquette boiled same quantity of water in 20 minutes. The finding of this study shows that the biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of groundnut shell is suitable for fuel briquette production.
{"title":"Physico-chemical and combustion analyses of bio-briquettes from biochar produced from pyrolysis of groundnut shell","authors":"Ige Ayodeji Rapheal, Elinge Cosmos Moki, A. Muhammad, Gwani Mohammed, Lawal Gusau Hassan, Abubakar Umar BirninYauri","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31641","url":null,"abstract":"The initiative of using biomass as a preference source of energy is vindicated by its availability, abundance, easy accessibility and its eco-friendly nature. This therefore calls for the conversion of agricultural wastes to usable form. This study is aimed to investigate the physicochemical and combustion properties of briquettes obtained from pyrolyzed biochar of groundnut shell. The groundnut shell biochar briquette bonded with cassava starch as binder were molded and analyzed. Proximate analysis, ultimate analyses, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Calorific values, density and compressive strength, among other properties, were determined for the fabricated briquettes. A high heating value of 45.20 MJ/Kg was recorded for groundnut shell biochar briquette compared to 25.20 MJ/Kg of raw groundnut shell briquette. While the ash contents of 5.12 % and 6.40 % were recorded for raw groundnut shell briquette and groundnut shell biochar briquette respectively. It took groundnut shell biochar briquette approximately 10 minutes to boil 1000 cm3 of water, while raw groundnut shell briquette boiled same quantity of water in 20 minutes. The finding of this study shows that the biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of groundnut shell is suitable for fuel briquette production. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76060391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31653
Alireza Heidari, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, Victoria Peterson, Angela Caissutti, E. Besana, J. Esposito, K. Schmitt, Ling-Yu Chan, Francesca Sherwood, M. Henderson, Jimmy Kimmel
In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles–based drug delivery in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management and its role and application in overcoming drug resistance under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations. is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles–based drug delivery in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management and its role and application in overcoming drug resistance under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations. produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. Cadmium Oxide (Cdo) Nanoparticles–Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Prevention, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening, Treatment and Management and Its Role and Application in Overcoming Drug Resistance Under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations.
{"title":"Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles–based drug delivery in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management and its role and application in overcoming drug resistance under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations","authors":"Alireza Heidari, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, Victoria Peterson, Angela Caissutti, E. Besana, J. Esposito, K. Schmitt, Ling-Yu Chan, Francesca Sherwood, M. Henderson, Jimmy Kimmel","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31653","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles–based drug delivery in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management and its role and application in overcoming drug resistance under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations. is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles–based drug delivery in cancer prevention, prognosis, diagnosis, imaging, screening, treatment and management and its role and application in overcoming drug resistance under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations. produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. Cadmium Oxide (Cdo) Nanoparticles–Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Prevention, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening, Treatment and Management and Its Role and Application in Overcoming Drug Resistance Under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88623487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31590
Sabina Merzic, Ajla Sehanovic, Amila Music, Asim Saric, Mehmed Alic, Ajla Avdic, Almina Huskic, Basaryusuf Yazici, Maida Basic, Ivana Pavic, E. Horozić
In this paper, the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts were analyzed. Extraction was performed with methanol, ethanol, acetone and their aqueous mixtures (50:50 v/v). Extractions were performed with stirring at 300 rpm on a vibromix and ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Antioxidant capacity was tested using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results showed a significant effect of extraction of bioactive components using an organic solvent:water mixture in relation to the organic solvent itself. Ultrasonic extraction proved to be a more efficient technique compared to mixing at 300 rpm.
{"title":"Influence of solvents on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasonic extraction","authors":"Sabina Merzic, Ajla Sehanovic, Amila Music, Asim Saric, Mehmed Alic, Ajla Avdic, Almina Huskic, Basaryusuf Yazici, Maida Basic, Ivana Pavic, E. Horozić","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31590","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fig leaf extracts were analyzed. Extraction was performed with methanol, ethanol, acetone and their aqueous mixtures (50:50 v/v). Extractions were performed with stirring at 300 rpm on a vibromix and ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes. The polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Antioxidant capacity was tested using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results showed a significant effect of extraction of bioactive components using an organic solvent:water mixture in relation to the organic solvent itself. Ultrasonic extraction proved to be a more efficient technique compared to mixing at 300 rpm. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78684062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31566
Abdul S.U, Ibrahim M.B., I. M. A.
The proposed corrosion inhibition action of Acacia nilotica ethanol extract on aluminium corrosion in HCl and NaOH was investigated using weight loss method. The Acacia nilotica ethanol extract was found to be inactive in NaOH at all the concentrations of the inhibitor but active in HCl with increasing inhibition efficiency as inhibitor concentration and decreases as temperature increases with the highest inhibition efficiency of 95.31%. The kinetic and thermodynamics data shows that the adsorption process was feasible and endothermic adsorption process from the large negative values of Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) and negative values of enthalpy (ΔH), The data indicated physisorption process of adsorption which was supported by FTIR spectra. The adsorption process was best fitted to Langmuir adsorption model.
{"title":"Analysis of inhibition action of acacia nilotica ethanol extract on aluminium corrosion in 1.0M HCl and NaOH","authors":"Abdul S.U, Ibrahim M.B., I. M. A.","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31566","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed corrosion inhibition action of Acacia nilotica ethanol extract on aluminium corrosion in HCl and NaOH was investigated using weight loss method. The Acacia nilotica ethanol extract was found to be inactive in NaOH at all the concentrations of the inhibitor but active in HCl with increasing inhibition efficiency as inhibitor concentration and decreases as temperature increases with the highest inhibition efficiency of 95.31%. The kinetic and thermodynamics data shows that the adsorption process was feasible and endothermic adsorption process from the large negative values of Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) and negative values of enthalpy (ΔH), The data indicated physisorption process of adsorption which was supported by FTIR spectra. The adsorption process was best fitted to Langmuir adsorption model.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83034213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31579
Mikin Siman, Muhammed Abdulahi Shibdawa, Harami Malgwi Adamu, Zakaria Lakusha, Lungfa Collins Wuyep, Maxwell Gudam Talkat, Williams Nashuka Kaigama
Analysis of soil were carried out on mining areas and adjourning farmlands around Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The physico–chemical analysis conducted includes pH, electrical conductivity and moisture content which was accompanied by the geochemical characterization and quantification of the metal ions present in the soil. The pH of the soil was within the ranges from 5.6 ±0.01–6.7±0.01, electrical conductivity was within the ranges of 185–290mS/cm and percentage moisture content was within the ranges from 0.42–3.30. the geochemical characterization revealed the presences of chromium (11±0.02 mg/Kg), cobalt (0.1–2.1 mg/Kg), copper (21.9 ±0.01–92.5 ±0.01 mg/Kg), iron (48 ±0.01–174 ±0.01 mg/Kg), lead (7.9 ±0.01–215 ±0.01 mg/Kg), manganese (19.8– 164.8 mg/Kg), nickel (2.9 ±0.01–3.4 ±0.01 mg/Kg), silver (0.4 ±0.01–2.1±0.01 mg/Kg) and zinc (299 ±0.01–417 ±0.01mg/Kg). The concentration of metal ions of copper, lead and zinc in the soil samples collected from the study area revealed that they were excessively above their permissible limit set by the WHO, both in the areas of active mining operations and in the adjourning farmland. Hence the conclusion that the soils where contaminated as a result of the mining activities being carried out within the locality. Based on the high levels of these metal ions in the soils analyzed from the study area, it is hereby recommended that crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should also be analyzed to evaluate their bioaccumulation coefficient, mobility index and their potential health risk index if any, that may arise from their being exposed to mining activity within the area.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metals in soil mining areas of gwanaalkaleri lga bauchi state","authors":"Mikin Siman, Muhammed Abdulahi Shibdawa, Harami Malgwi Adamu, Zakaria Lakusha, Lungfa Collins Wuyep, Maxwell Gudam Talkat, Williams Nashuka Kaigama","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31579","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of soil were carried out on mining areas and adjourning farmlands around Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The physico–chemical analysis conducted includes pH, electrical conductivity and moisture content which was accompanied by the geochemical characterization and quantification of the metal ions present in the soil. The pH of the soil was within the ranges from 5.6 ±0.01–6.7±0.01, electrical conductivity was within the ranges of 185–290mS/cm and percentage moisture content was within the ranges from 0.42–3.30. the geochemical characterization revealed the presences of chromium (11±0.02 mg/Kg), cobalt (0.1–2.1 mg/Kg), copper (21.9 ±0.01–92.5 ±0.01 mg/Kg), iron (48 ±0.01–174 ±0.01 mg/Kg), lead (7.9 ±0.01–215 ±0.01 mg/Kg), manganese (19.8– 164.8 mg/Kg), nickel (2.9 ±0.01–3.4 ±0.01 mg/Kg), silver (0.4 ±0.01–2.1±0.01 mg/Kg) and zinc (299 ±0.01–417 ±0.01mg/Kg). The concentration of metal ions of copper, lead and zinc in the soil samples collected from the study area revealed that they were excessively above their permissible limit set by the WHO, both in the areas of active mining operations and in the adjourning farmland. Hence the conclusion that the soils where contaminated as a result of the mining activities being carried out within the locality. Based on the high levels of these metal ions in the soils analyzed from the study area, it is hereby recommended that crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should also be analyzed to evaluate their bioaccumulation coefficient, mobility index and their potential health risk index if any, that may arise from their being exposed to mining activity within the area. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91099224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31547
Siman Mikin, Mohammed Abdullahi Shibdawa, Harami Malgwi Adamu
Analysis was carried out on farm crops (Guinea corn, Millet and Beans) collected from adjourning farmlands around mining area of Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State. Their heavy metal concentrations were determined and quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The heavy metal characterization revealed the presences copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in the farm crops. The mean values of the elements that where obtain for copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc by AAS are 33.90, 12.00, 71.43, 12.56, 4.40, 0.60 and 101.96 mg/kg, respectively. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare these levels of heavy metals in the crops, it showed that there was a significant difference in their concentration. Exposure assessment and risk characterization of the heavy metals present in the farm crops showed that the mean values of the bioaccumulation coefficient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc are1.24, 0.03, 1.68, 0.80,1.64, 0.89 and 1.21 respectively. The estimated daily intake rate for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 1.17 to 1.28 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg, 0.06 to 0.011 mg/kg, 1.39 to 1.96 mg/kg, 1.92 to 3.14 mg/kg and 1.18 to 1.26 mg/kg respectively. The hazard quotient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.57–1.31, 0.01–0.02, 22.95–32.50, 0.07–0.12, 0.02–0.26 and 0.32–0.40 respectively. The carcinogenic risk for the elements of lead and nickel are 0.0003–0.0011 and 0.0006–0.0089 respectively. It is hereby recommended that the farm crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should be subjected to clinical trials to evaluate the extent of the damage it can cause on body tissues.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulation and health risk in crops grown in farmlands around mining sites in Gwana, Alkaleri lga, Bauchi state, Nigeria","authors":"Siman Mikin, Mohammed Abdullahi Shibdawa, Harami Malgwi Adamu","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31547","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis was carried out on farm crops (Guinea corn, Millet and Beans) collected from adjourning farmlands around mining area of Gwana in Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State. Their heavy metal concentrations were determined and quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The heavy metal characterization revealed the presences copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc in the farm crops. The mean values of the elements that where obtain for copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc by AAS are 33.90, 12.00, 71.43, 12.56, 4.40, 0.60 and 101.96 mg/kg, respectively. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare these levels of heavy metals in the crops, it showed that there was a significant difference in their concentration. Exposure assessment and risk characterization of the heavy metals present in the farm crops showed that the mean values of the bioaccumulation coefficient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc are1.24, 0.03, 1.68, 0.80,1.64, 0.89 and 1.21 respectively. The estimated daily intake rate for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 1.17 to 1.28 mg/kg, 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg, 0.06 to 0.011 mg/kg, 1.39 to 1.96 mg/kg, 1.92 to 3.14 mg/kg and 1.18 to 1.26 mg/kg respectively. The hazard quotient for the elements of copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.57–1.31, 0.01–0.02, 22.95–32.50, 0.07–0.12, 0.02–0.26 and 0.32–0.40 respectively. The carcinogenic risk for the elements of lead and nickel are 0.0003–0.0011 and 0.0006–0.0089 respectively. It is hereby recommended that the farm crop samples from within the catchment areas understudy should be subjected to clinical trials to evaluate the extent of the damage it can cause on body tissues. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77677375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31503
A. Magaji, H. Musa, F. A Sheshe, S. I Alhassan
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing 0.1mmol silver Nitrate salt with 5ml of neem leaf extract, in an environmental friendly process. The nanoparticles were tested to have strong zones of inhibition on the antibacterial and antifungal isolates; E. Coli, staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and mucor species used. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was carried out on both the silver nitrate salt and silver nanoparticles, which show bathochromic shift from 221nm (AgNO3) to 440nm (AgNPs). Pine seed oil was condensed to alkyd resin via two step reactions; alcoholysis and esterification reactions respectively, and was characterized by FTIR, acid value and viscometric measurement. Antimicrobial evaluation was carried out on the pine seed oil with its alkyd resin. Pine alkyd resin was used in the formulation of paints with percentage Pigment Volume Concentrations (%PVC) 4 and 5% respectively, and is classified as automotive clearcoat. Chemical resistance, scratch resistance, light fastness, and drying schedule tests were conducted on the paints and are found to exhibit good properties which are similar to commercial paints. Antimicrobial evaluation of the paints incorporated with silver nanoparticles revealed more inhibition zones than those without silver nanoparticles.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of silver nanoparticles embedded alkyd resin derived from pine seed oil","authors":"A. Magaji, H. Musa, F. A Sheshe, S. I Alhassan","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31503","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing 0.1mmol silver Nitrate salt with 5ml of neem leaf extract, in an environmental friendly process. The nanoparticles were tested to have strong zones of inhibition on the antibacterial and antifungal isolates; E. Coli, staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and mucor species used. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was carried out on both the silver nitrate salt and silver nanoparticles, which show bathochromic shift from 221nm (AgNO3) to 440nm (AgNPs). Pine seed oil was condensed to alkyd resin via two step reactions; alcoholysis and esterification reactions respectively, and was characterized by FTIR, acid value and viscometric measurement. Antimicrobial evaluation was carried out on the pine seed oil with its alkyd resin. Pine alkyd resin was used in the formulation of paints with percentage Pigment Volume Concentrations (%PVC) 4 and 5% respectively, and is classified as automotive clearcoat. Chemical resistance, scratch resistance, light fastness, and drying schedule tests were conducted on the paints and are found to exhibit good properties which are similar to commercial paints. Antimicrobial evaluation of the paints incorporated with silver nanoparticles revealed more inhibition zones than those without silver nanoparticles. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83098362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31529
S. Hussain, Muhammad Amjad, H. Ambreen, Iqra Batool
The most important concern in developing countries like Pakistan is the contamination of groundwater because of the heavy metals from industrial waste which are affecting the ecosystem and public health. Some heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) are mostly reported in different cities of Pakistan and their concentrations are also to be found above the permissible levels of WHO. For domestic purposes and irrigation, groundwater is the main source in Pakistan. Its quality is getting poor because of the untreated discharge from industries. In the country, water-borne diseases are spreading quickly because of the use of unfiltered environmentally contaminated water as well as a lack of awareness of environmental laws.
{"title":"Drinking water contamination by heavy metals in different cities of Pakistan","authors":"S. Hussain, Muhammad Amjad, H. Ambreen, Iqra Batool","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31529","url":null,"abstract":"The most important concern in developing countries like Pakistan is the contamination of groundwater because of the heavy metals from industrial waste which are affecting the ecosystem and public health. Some heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) are mostly reported in different cities of Pakistan and their concentrations are also to be found above the permissible levels of WHO. For domestic purposes and irrigation, groundwater is the main source in Pakistan. Its quality is getting poor because of the untreated discharge from industries. In the country, water-borne diseases are spreading quickly because of the use of unfiltered environmentally contaminated water as well as a lack of awareness of environmental laws. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83315090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31535
Azhar M. Haleem, Ruaa H Abass, Israa M Haleem
Paper bacterial battery (PBB) is a sustainable source of bioenergy derivate from bacterial activities, paper bacterial battery or microbial fuel cell has unique features like biodegradable, cost- affordable, energy- effectiveness, and environmental sounds beside of complete control by produced energy by increasing the number of folds and can made it in shapes and sizes appropriate for all use and type of devices, which is characterized by high flexibility and wide uses. The current study described in detail the fabrication steps of a simply biodegradable paper battery that mainly composed of a substrate of cellulose, Poly (amic) acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing and stabilizing agent, immobilization matrix, for bacterial cells stability, this degradable network provides oxygen-blocking and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fabricated bacterial battery gave power of 3.5 µW/cm2 and a current quantity of 127 µA/cm2, this generated power can be enhancement by more folding or compacting of the fabricated paper-polymer unit.
纸细菌电池(PBB)是一种源于细菌活动的生物能源的可持续来源，纸细菌电池或微生物燃料电池具有可生物降解、成本合理、节能、环保等独特的特点，除了通过增加折叠次数来完全控制所产生的能量外，还可以使其形状和大小适合所有用途和类型的设备，具有高度的灵活性和广泛的用途。本研究详细介绍了一种简单的生物可降解纸电池的制备步骤，该电池主要由纤维素、聚酰胺酸(PAA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为还原剂和稳定剂，作为固定基质，为细菌细胞的稳定性，这种可降解网络提供氧阻断和质子交换膜(PEM)。所制备的细菌电池的功率为3.5 μ W/cm2，电流为127 μ a /cm2，通过对所制备的纸-聚合物单元进行更多的折叠或压实，可以增强所产生的功率。
{"title":"Paper bacterial battery based on polymer as degradable sources of energy","authors":"Azhar M. Haleem, Ruaa H Abass, Israa M Haleem","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31535","url":null,"abstract":"Paper bacterial battery (PBB) is a sustainable source of bioenergy derivate from bacterial activities, paper bacterial battery or microbial fuel cell has unique features like biodegradable, cost- affordable, energy- effectiveness, and environmental sounds beside of complete control by produced energy by increasing the number of folds and can made it in shapes and sizes appropriate for all use and type of devices, which is characterized by high flexibility and wide uses. The current study described in detail the fabrication steps of a simply biodegradable paper battery that mainly composed of a substrate of cellulose, Poly (amic) acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing and stabilizing agent, immobilization matrix, for bacterial cells stability, this degradable network provides oxygen-blocking and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fabricated bacterial battery gave power of 3.5 µW/cm2 and a current quantity of 127 µA/cm2, this generated power can be enhancement by more folding or compacting of the fabricated paper-polymer unit. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83955024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-14DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31433
U. F. Hassan, A. A. Sallau, E. O. Ekanem, A. Jauro, A. M. Kolo
The study Investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on properties of coconut shell. The carbonization was carried out at 600, 800, 1000 and 1150°C temperatures for 1 hour under inert condition. The derived chars were proximately, ultimately and structurally analyzed. The results show that there was a significant change in the volatile matter, fixed carbon percentage, elemental C and its functional group as temperature increases. The moisture content and percentage yield decrease with increasing temperature. The morphological characterization of the materials shows fibrous nature of the raw samples while the char products show developed pores which are suitable for adsorption, movement of electrolyte ions and reduced diffusion resistance. The electrical properties of char improved from 3.52 x10-8 to 6.78 x10-2 S/cm as temperature increases from 600°C to 1150°C. results from X-ray diffractometer analysis showed improved graphitic properties; which suggest a possible use of the char samples particular the PKS1150 in electrode fabrication material.
{"title":"Effect of carbonization temperature on properties of char from coconut shell","authors":"U. F. Hassan, A. A. Sallau, E. O. Ekanem, A. Jauro, A. M. Kolo","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31433","url":null,"abstract":"The study Investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on properties of coconut shell. The carbonization was carried out at 600, 800, 1000 and 1150°C temperatures for 1 hour under inert condition. The derived chars were proximately, ultimately and structurally analyzed. The results show that there was a significant change in the volatile matter, fixed carbon percentage, elemental C and its functional group as temperature increases. The moisture content and percentage yield decrease with increasing temperature. The morphological characterization of the materials shows fibrous nature of the raw samples while the char products show developed pores which are suitable for adsorption, movement of electrolyte ions and reduced diffusion resistance. The electrical properties of char improved from 3.52 x10-8 to 6.78 x10-2 S/cm as temperature increases from 600°C to 1150°C. results from X-ray diffractometer analysis showed improved graphitic properties; which suggest a possible use of the char samples particular the PKS1150 in electrode fabrication material. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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