Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31394
Samuel E. Anwani, Muhammed B. Etsuyankpa, Suleman. P.I. Ogah, Peter K. Mensah
Ethno-medicinally, Bobgunnia fistuloides parts (leaves, bark and roots) have been used by the Nupe communities in Niger State, Nigeria to treat various diseases for decades. The phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of the leaves, roots and stem bark of Bobgunnia fistuloides were investigated using standard methods. The leaves, roots and stem bark of Bobgunnia fistuloides plant were collected from Binin village, Gbako Local Government Area (LGA) in Niger State Nigeria. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were determined using 5 pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli). The result of the phytochemicals, in mg/100 g, revealed the values of 479.73±0.20, 465.98±0.14, 482.77±0.17; 1.71±0.06, 25.14±0.02, 23.90±0.03; 29.09±0.20, 36.77±0.06, 24.79±0.14; 22.40±0.02, 25.14±0.02, 23.90±0.03; 577.29±0.24, 586.52±0.11, 230.19±0.03 respectively for the phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponnins contents of the roots; leaves and stem bark of the plant. In this study, the saponnins and phenol contents of the plant parts were relatively higher than the other parameters investigated. The leaves were found to contain more active principles, followed by the roots and stem bark. Based on the antibacterial activities, the result revealed that the respective zones of inhibition of the growths of the test microorganisms, with the exception of the aqueous leaves extract (against Staphylococci aureus; 25.00±1.00 mm) recorded highest values for the petroleum ether extracts of the stem bark (32.67±0.58, 33.00±1.00, 31,67±0.58 and 35.10±1.00 mm for E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhii and K. pneumonea respectively). Statistically, Klebsiella pneumoneae (17.13±0.00 mm) recorded the highest average zones of inhibition based on the susceptibility of the pathogens to the extracts, followed by Salmonella typhi (16.92±1.00mm). The least zone of inhibition (12.00±0.50 mm) was recorded for B. subtilis using the stem bark aqueous extract of the plant while the highest value was recorded for the petroleum stem bark extract against K. pneumonea (35.00±1.00 mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 12.50 to 100.00 mg/cm3 respectively. The phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of the plant extracts in this study support the therapeutic value and the ethno-medicinal applications of this plant by the Nupe communities of Niger State Nigeria.
{"title":"Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of the methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of the leaves, stem bark and roots of bobgunnia fistuloides","authors":"Samuel E. Anwani, Muhammed B. Etsuyankpa, Suleman. P.I. Ogah, Peter K. Mensah","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31394","url":null,"abstract":"Ethno-medicinally, Bobgunnia fistuloides parts (leaves, bark and roots) have been used by the Nupe communities in Niger State, Nigeria to treat various diseases for decades. The phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of the leaves, roots and stem bark of Bobgunnia fistuloides were investigated using standard methods. The leaves, roots and stem bark of Bobgunnia fistuloides plant were collected from Binin village, Gbako Local Government Area (LGA) in Niger State Nigeria. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were determined using 5 pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli). The result of the phytochemicals, in mg/100 g, revealed the values of 479.73±0.20, 465.98±0.14, 482.77±0.17; 1.71±0.06, 25.14±0.02, 23.90±0.03; 29.09±0.20, 36.77±0.06, 24.79±0.14; 22.40±0.02, 25.14±0.02, 23.90±0.03; 577.29±0.24, 586.52±0.11, 230.19±0.03 respectively for the phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponnins contents of the roots; leaves and stem bark of the plant. In this study, the saponnins and phenol contents of the plant parts were relatively higher than the other parameters investigated. The leaves were found to contain more active principles, followed by the roots and stem bark. Based on the antibacterial activities, the result revealed that the respective zones of inhibition of the growths of the test microorganisms, with the exception of the aqueous leaves extract (against Staphylococci aureus; 25.00±1.00 mm) recorded highest values for the petroleum ether extracts of the stem bark (32.67±0.58, 33.00±1.00, 31,67±0.58 and 35.10±1.00 mm for E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhii and K. pneumonea respectively). Statistically, Klebsiella pneumoneae (17.13±0.00 mm) recorded the highest average zones of inhibition based on the susceptibility of the pathogens to the extracts, followed by Salmonella typhi (16.92±1.00mm). The least zone of inhibition (12.00±0.50 mm) was recorded for B. subtilis using the stem bark aqueous extract of the plant while the highest value was recorded for the petroleum stem bark extract against K. pneumonea (35.00±1.00 mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 12.50 to 100.00 mg/cm3 respectively. The phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of the plant extracts in this study support the therapeutic value and the ethno-medicinal applications of this plant by the Nupe communities of Niger State Nigeria. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82360038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31305
Timothy M. Akpomie, Abel U. Augustine, Samuel E. Anwani, Benjamin I. Aandaka
Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin which helps to boost the immune system, fight against infectious diseas-es, aids iron absorption and formation of collagen in humans and other animals. The ascorbic acid content of three varieties of apples (Red Delicious, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious apples) sold in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria was investigated using the iodometric titration method for comparative reasons. The results obtained showed the concentrations of the ascorbic acid in all three varieties of the fruit to be not only different but statistically so. The concentration of the analytes in order of increasing magnitude is; Golden Delicious (22.83mg/100g), Granny Smith (29.26 mg/100g) and Red Delicious (38.63 mg/100g). Though the differences in the respective concentration of the fruits were statistically significant (p <0.05), these observed differences may not just be a function of the fruit variety alone but also on other possible reasons attributable to the impact of temperature, growing season, storage, shipping conditions and even post-harvest number of days as well as the maturity of the respective apple variety at the time of harvest prior to analysis. Comparatively, the analysis indicated that the three apple varieties are varied in ascorbic acid content but are all good sources vital for healthy living.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of ascorbic acid content of three varieties of apple fruit sold in Lafia open markets, north central Nigeria","authors":"Timothy M. Akpomie, Abel U. Augustine, Samuel E. Anwani, Benjamin I. Aandaka","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31305","url":null,"abstract":"Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin which helps to boost the immune system, fight against infectious diseas-es, aids iron absorption and formation of collagen in humans and other animals. The ascorbic acid content of three varieties of apples (Red Delicious, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious apples) sold in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria was investigated using the iodometric titration method for comparative reasons. The results obtained showed the concentrations of the ascorbic acid in all three varieties of the fruit to be not only different but statistically so. The concentration of the analytes in order of increasing magnitude is; Golden Delicious (22.83mg/100g), Granny Smith (29.26 mg/100g) and Red Delicious (38.63 mg/100g). Though the differences in the respective concentration of the fruits were statistically significant (p <0.05), these observed differences may not just be a function of the fruit variety alone but also on other possible reasons attributable to the impact of temperature, growing season, storage, shipping conditions and even post-harvest number of days as well as the maturity of the respective apple variety at the time of harvest prior to analysis. Comparatively, the analysis indicated that the three apple varieties are varied in ascorbic acid content but are all good sources vital for healthy living. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84339089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-25DOI: 10.14419/IJAC.V9I1.31254
Ogala Harrison, Ige Ayodeji Rapheal
There is growing public concern over potential impact on environmental quality caused by animal wastes. Anaerobic digestion, a biological conversion process can be used to obtain energy from biologicall wastes. This study explored the production of biogas from co-digestion of fonio hus and donkey dung using anaerobic biological conversion. The digesters were labeled as; digester A –Fonio husk only, digester B - donkey dung only, digester C – Fonio husk (300g) and Donkey Dung (200g), digester D – Fonio husk (200g) and donkey dung (300g). Proximate analysis of the substrates before and after digestion were determined such as total solids (TS), volatile solid, carbon content, nitrogen content, ash content, etc., and pH before and after digestion process. The biogas produced during this period was collected by water displacement method and subsequently measured. The results showed that Fonio husk in bio-digesters A and B gave a cumulative average biogas volume of 4972 ml and 5222 ml (week 3) while pig dung in bio-digesters C and D gave a cumulative average biogas volume of 5564 ml and 5978 respectively (week 3) within three weeks of fermentation. The digester is capable of producing 0.007m at average working temperature of 320C. Digester D produces higher volume of biogas as a result of improved nutrient provide by donkey dung as shown in the results obtained from the proximate analysis and has the best neutral pH, there was a reduction in the startup time.
{"title":"Biogas production from blends of fonio husk and donkey dung via anaerobic digestion for sustainable development","authors":"Ogala Harrison, Ige Ayodeji Rapheal","doi":"10.14419/IJAC.V9I1.31254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJAC.V9I1.31254","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing public concern over potential impact on environmental quality caused by animal wastes. Anaerobic digestion, a biological conversion process can be used to obtain energy from biologicall wastes. This study explored the production of biogas from co-digestion of fonio hus and donkey dung using anaerobic biological conversion. The digesters were labeled as; digester A –Fonio husk only, digester B - donkey dung only, digester C – Fonio husk (300g) and Donkey Dung (200g), digester D – Fonio husk (200g) and donkey dung (300g). Proximate analysis of the substrates before and after digestion were determined such as total solids (TS), volatile solid, carbon content, nitrogen content, ash content, etc., and pH before and after digestion process. The biogas produced during this period was collected by water displacement method and subsequently measured. The results showed that Fonio husk in bio-digesters A and B gave a cumulative average biogas volume of 4972 ml and 5222 ml (week 3) while pig dung in bio-digesters C and D gave a cumulative average biogas volume of 5564 ml and 5978 respectively (week 3) within three weeks of fermentation. The digester is capable of producing 0.007m at average working temperature of 320C. Digester D produces higher volume of biogas as a result of improved nutrient provide by donkey dung as shown in the results obtained from the proximate analysis and has the best neutral pH, there was a reduction in the startup time. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80521522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.14419/IJAC.V8I2.31215
A. Adeyeye
The physicochemical properties of the plant and the fatty acid profile of the plant oil of Allium fistulosum have been determined using standard methods of the AOAC. The proximate composition gave moisture content of 89.55%, ash content 0.82%, crude oil 0.64%, crude protein 1.82%, crude fibre 1.65% and carbohydrate 5.54%. The most abundant fatty acids in decreasing order of abundance were linoleic (52.87%) > oleic (17.57%) > palmitic (9.80%) > stearic (8.81%) > linolenic (2.88%) > palmitoleic (2.84%) > myristic (1.28%) > behenic (1.23%). Others with concentrations less than 1.00% are lauric, arachidonic, behenic and lignoceric acids. Linoleic and oleic acids were the most abundant of the total fatty acids and also of the total unsaturated fatty acids with the two totaling 70.44% of all fatty acids. Palmitic and stearic acids were the two most abundant saturated fatty acids, totaling 18.61% of all fatty acids. The total unsaturated fatty acids (77.35%) predominated the total saturated (22.63%), while the percentage poly-unsaturated (56.34%) was far greater than mono-unsaturated (21.04%). The high level of essential fatty acids in the plant oil is an advantage in food consumption and the good total unsaturated/saturated (PS) ratio makes the fruit oil nutritionally very useful to be adopted for domestic purposes.
{"title":"Physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of allium fistulosum vegetable plant","authors":"A. Adeyeye","doi":"10.14419/IJAC.V8I2.31215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJAC.V8I2.31215","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical properties of the plant and the fatty acid profile of the plant oil of Allium fistulosum have been determined using standard methods of the AOAC. The proximate composition gave moisture content of 89.55%, ash content 0.82%, crude oil 0.64%, crude protein 1.82%, crude fibre 1.65% and carbohydrate 5.54%. The most abundant fatty acids in decreasing order of abundance were linoleic (52.87%) > oleic (17.57%) > palmitic (9.80%) > stearic (8.81%) > linolenic (2.88%) > palmitoleic (2.84%) > myristic (1.28%) > behenic (1.23%). Others with concentrations less than 1.00% are lauric, arachidonic, behenic and lignoceric acids. Linoleic and oleic acids were the most abundant of the total fatty acids and also of the total unsaturated fatty acids with the two totaling 70.44% of all fatty acids. Palmitic and stearic acids were the two most abundant saturated fatty acids, totaling 18.61% of all fatty acids. The total unsaturated fatty acids (77.35%) predominated the total saturated (22.63%), while the percentage poly-unsaturated (56.34%) was far greater than mono-unsaturated (21.04%). The high level of essential fatty acids in the plant oil is an advantage in food consumption and the good total unsaturated/saturated (PS) ratio makes the fruit oil nutritionally very useful to be adopted for domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90663647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31065
E. Horozić, J. Suljagić, Jasna R Gojkovic, Eldin Halilčević, Darja Kubiček, Ermina Cilović Kazarević
This paper presents the results of influence of extraction technique on phytochemical composition and biological activity of aqueous extracts of commercial apricot kernels. Three techniques were used for extraction: maceration, ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, bioelements, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was analyzed in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was analyzed in vitro using DPPH and FRAP methods. Antimicrobial screening was performed by diffusion technique on reference strains from the ATCC collection. The content of total phenols and flavonoids is highest in extracts obtained by ultrasonic extraction and maceration. These techniques have proven to be the best for the extraction of macro and micronutrients. The aqueous extract obtained by maceration at 300 rpm for 3 hours showed a greater inhibitory effect against the tested microorganisms, compared to the extracts obtained by other techniques. The least efficient method of extracting bioactive components from apricot kernels is Soxhlet extraction, with the lowest dry extract yield of 5.5%.
{"title":"Influence of extraction technique on nutrient content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of commercial apricot kernels","authors":"E. Horozić, J. Suljagić, Jasna R Gojkovic, Eldin Halilčević, Darja Kubiček, Ermina Cilović Kazarević","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31065","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of influence of extraction technique on phytochemical composition and biological activity of aqueous extracts of commercial apricot kernels. Three techniques were used for extraction: maceration, ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, bioelements, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was analyzed in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was analyzed in vitro using DPPH and FRAP methods. Antimicrobial screening was performed by diffusion technique on reference strains from the ATCC collection. The content of total phenols and flavonoids is highest in extracts obtained by ultrasonic extraction and maceration. These techniques have proven to be the best for the extraction of macro and micronutrients. The aqueous extract obtained by maceration at 300 rpm for 3 hours showed a greater inhibitory effect against the tested microorganisms, compared to the extracts obtained by other techniques. The least efficient method of extracting bioactive components from apricot kernels is Soxhlet extraction, with the lowest dry extract yield of 5.5%. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81705947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-19DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30926
K. K, J. Gnana Babu C., Sowmya H.G
A simple, rapid and accurate High performance thin layer chromatography is described for the Development and validation of HPTLC method for Valganciclovir Hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation is carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using Chloroform: Methanol: Ammonia (6.5:3.4:0.1v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was done by Densitometric scanning at 254nm. The linearity was found to be the range of 100-500ng/spot for Valganciclovir hydrochloride with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The regression equation was found to be Y=10.168x-94.8. The Rf value of Valganciclovir hydrochloride was found to be 0.74. The LOD and LOQ were found to 9.19 and 27.87 respectively. Average recovery was found to be 99.66% which show that the method was free from interference from excipients present in the formulation. Simultaneously the Percentage relative standard deviation was well within the range of 2%. The above method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The established method enabled accurate, precise and applied to the analysis of Valganciclovir hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
{"title":"Development and validation of valganciclovir hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by HPTLC method","authors":"K. K, J. Gnana Babu C., Sowmya H.G","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30926","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, rapid and accurate High performance thin layer chromatography is described for the Development and validation of HPTLC method for Valganciclovir Hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation is carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using Chloroform: Methanol: Ammonia (6.5:3.4:0.1v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was done by Densitometric scanning at 254nm. The linearity was found to be the range of 100-500ng/spot for Valganciclovir hydrochloride with the correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The regression equation was found to be Y=10.168x-94.8. The Rf value of Valganciclovir hydrochloride was found to be 0.74. The LOD and LOQ were found to 9.19 and 27.87 respectively. Average recovery was found to be 99.66% which show that the method was free from interference from excipients present in the formulation. Simultaneously the Percentage relative standard deviation was well within the range of 2%. The above method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The established method enabled accurate, precise and applied to the analysis of Valganciclovir hydrochloride in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83685287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interaction between globular proteins with imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) is extremely significant considering that of the vast use of ILs, since protein stabilizer in the current years. The present work, the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate (BmimOS) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DmimBF4) have been examine the use of fluorescence and FTIR. Fluorescence spectra of HSA/BSA are extinguished by BmimOS /DmimBF4 ILs by way of the dynamic method. The various thermodynamic parameters were revealing that very susceptible interactions exist between HSA/BSA and BmimOS /DmimBF4. The conformational adjustments of HSA/BSA were observed by means of FTIR analysis. Fluorescence methods were completed to find out about the thermal balance of HSA/BSA at different temperature. The thermal balance of BSA in the presence of ILs follows the style BmimOS/DmimBF4 and presence of extra hydrophobic IL, decay increases swiftly as a characteristic of concentration.
{"title":"Molecular interaction on imidazolium based ionic liquids and serum albumin: A spectroscopy approach","authors":"Manoj Kumar Banjare, Ramesh Kumar Banjare, Kallol Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30994","url":null,"abstract":"Interaction between globular proteins with imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) is extremely significant considering that of the vast use of ILs, since protein stabilizer in the current years. The present work, the interaction of human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate (BmimOS) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DmimBF4) have been examine the use of fluorescence and FTIR. Fluorescence spectra of HSA/BSA are extinguished by BmimOS /DmimBF4 ILs by way of the dynamic method. The various thermodynamic parameters were revealing that very susceptible interactions exist between HSA/BSA and BmimOS /DmimBF4. The conformational adjustments of HSA/BSA were observed by means of FTIR analysis. Fluorescence methods were completed to find out about the thermal balance of HSA/BSA at different temperature. The thermal balance of BSA in the presence of ILs follows the style BmimOS/DmimBF4 and presence of extra hydrophobic IL, decay increases swiftly as a characteristic of concentration. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84831484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-19DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31050
Ige Ayodeji Rapheal, Elinge Cosmos Moki, A. Muhammad, G. Muhammed, Lawal Gusau Hassan
Renewable plant materials are regarded as one of the most affirmative option for the production of fuels and chemicals. With the concept of pyrolysis process, there is every possibility to produce alternative sources of energy and fuels from renewable biomass. The study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed groundnut shell using fabricated reactor. The pyrolysis process was produced with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis condition at particle size of 1.15mm mesh, reaction time of 83 mins and temperature of 650oC. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 33.91% at optimum condition. The bio-oil samples had better performance which met the specifications for the measured properties and compares well with the ASTM standard. Therefore, using groundnut shell for bio-oil production via pyrolysis process can serve as an approach of providing a sustainable alternative source of fuel and friendly environment.
{"title":"Optimization of groundnut shell fast pyrolysis for the production and characterization of bio-oil using fabricated fixed bed reactor","authors":"Ige Ayodeji Rapheal, Elinge Cosmos Moki, A. Muhammad, G. Muhammed, Lawal Gusau Hassan","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i2.31050","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable plant materials are regarded as one of the most affirmative option for the production of fuels and chemicals. With the concept of pyrolysis process, there is every possibility to produce alternative sources of energy and fuels from renewable biomass. The study depicts the production, optimization and characterization of bio-oil from pyrolyzed groundnut shell using fabricated reactor. The pyrolysis process was produced with bio-oil response, bio-char response and non condensable gases response as products. The effect of pyrolysis variables were observed by the production of the bio-oil as the response. Sixty runs of pyrolysis experiments were suggested by box Benkhen design indicated optimum pyrolysis condition at particle size of 1.15mm mesh, reaction time of 83 mins and temperature of 650oC. The maximum bio-oil yield was obtained with 33.91% at optimum condition. The bio-oil samples had better performance which met the specifications for the measured properties and compares well with the ASTM standard. Therefore, using groundnut shell for bio-oil production via pyrolysis process can serve as an approach of providing a sustainable alternative source of fuel and friendly environment. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89673601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i2.30963
Kirankumar S V, J. Gnana Babu C., S. H G
A novel and simple HPTLC method has been developed for the estimation of Cefadroxil (CFD) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form on silica gel precoated aluminum 60F254 plates, (10 cm x10 cm) with 0.25 mm thickness. The separation was carried out using ethyl acetate: chloroform (8:2v/v) as mobile phase. The Chromatographic scanning was carried out at 254 nm. The Rf (± SD) values were found to be 0.38 ± 0.05 for CFD. The linearity for analyte was in the range 100-500 ng/band for CFD with correlation coefficients, r2 = 0.9996. The percentage recovery obtained for CFD was in the range of 99.28-100.13% respectively. The proposed method was optimized and validated as per the ICH guidelines17.
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Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30800
Yogeesh C S, S. H G, J. Gnana Babu C.
A simple, rapid and accurate High performance thin layer chromatography is described for the Development and validation of HPTLC method for Irbesartan in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation is carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using Ethyl acetate: Chloroform (6.5:3.5v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was done by Densitometric scanning at 254nm. The linearity was found to be the range of 100-500ng/spot for Irbesartan with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The regression equation was found to be Y=7.2733x+703.15. The Rf value of Irbesartan was found to be 0.55. The LOD and LOQ were found to 8.24 and 24.74 respectively. Average recovery was found to be 99.66% which show that the method was free from interference from excipients present in the formulation. Simultaneously the Percentage relative standard deviation was well within the range of 2%. The above method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The established method enabled accurate, precise and applied to the analysis of Irbesartan in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
{"title":"Development and validatation of HPTLC method for estimation of irbesartan in bulk and tablet dosage form","authors":"Yogeesh C S, S. H G, J. Gnana Babu C.","doi":"10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v8i1.30800","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, rapid and accurate High performance thin layer chromatography is described for the Development and validation of HPTLC method for Irbesartan in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation is carried out on Merck TLC aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using Ethyl acetate: Chloroform (6.5:3.5v/v) mobile phase. Quantification was done by Densitometric scanning at 254nm. The linearity was found to be the range of 100-500ng/spot for Irbesartan with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The regression equation was found to be Y=7.2733x+703.15. The Rf value of Irbesartan was found to be 0.55. The LOD and LOQ were found to 8.24 and 24.74 respectively. Average recovery was found to be 99.66% which show that the method was free from interference from excipients present in the formulation. Simultaneously the Percentage relative standard deviation was well within the range of 2%. The above method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The established method enabled accurate, precise and applied to the analysis of Irbesartan in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form. ","PeriodicalId":13723,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Chemistry","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77558070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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