Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.006
Sanjok Timalsina
Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de. Haan) Shoemaker is one of the major constraints of rice production in all rice growing regions of Nepal. To identify and select the sources of brown spot resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under the natural epiphytotic condition at National Maize Research Center, Rampur, Chitwan in 2022. A total of 10 genotypes, including susceptible check (Sabha Mansuli SUB-1) and resistant check (Sabitri) were tested. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Brown spot disease assessment was done based on the percent of leaf area diseased according to the 0-9 scales of the standard evaluation system. The percent disease severity was recorded at 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after transplanting (DAT). It was observed that the disease severity increased with an increase in the age of the crop from 50-80 DAT. Disease severity and the total AUDPC values were highly significant among the rice genotypes. Disease severity and total AUDPC value ranged from 28.52% to 39.42% and 853.33 to 1185.19 respectively. None of these genotypes was found either resistant or highly resistant to disease. The mean severity and total AUDPC values of the compared genotypes were significantly lower than Sabha Mansuli SUB-1. The Genotypes NR2181-465-1-1-1-1, NR2264-4-1-6-5, NR2215-6-4-2-2-2, NR2191-22-1-4-1-1, and NR2191-236-3-1-3-1 demonstrated mean severity and total AUDPC in increasing order but lesser than that of Sabitri. NR2181-465-1-1-1-1 had the lowest disease severity (28.52%) as well as total AUDPC value (853.33). From this experiment, it can be concluded that under similar field conditions, NR2181-465-1-1-1-1 genotype having lower mean disease severity and total AUDPC can be used for further multi location trials for resistance evaluation.
{"title":"Screening of Rice Genotypes against Brown Spot Disease at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"Sanjok Timalsina","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.006","url":null,"abstract":"Brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de. Haan) Shoemaker is one of the major constraints of rice production in all rice growing regions of Nepal. To identify and select the sources of brown spot resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under the natural epiphytotic condition at National Maize Research Center, Rampur, Chitwan in 2022. A total of 10 genotypes, including susceptible check (Sabha Mansuli SUB-1) and resistant check (Sabitri) were tested. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Brown spot disease assessment was done based on the percent of leaf area diseased according to the 0-9 scales of the standard evaluation system. The percent disease severity was recorded at 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after transplanting (DAT). It was observed that the disease severity increased with an increase in the age of the crop from 50-80 DAT. Disease severity and the total AUDPC values were highly significant among the rice genotypes. Disease severity and total AUDPC value ranged from 28.52% to 39.42% and 853.33 to 1185.19 respectively. None of these genotypes was found either resistant or highly resistant to disease. The mean severity and total AUDPC values of the compared genotypes were significantly lower than Sabha Mansuli SUB-1. The Genotypes NR2181-465-1-1-1-1, NR2264-4-1-6-5, NR2215-6-4-2-2-2, NR2191-22-1-4-1-1, and NR2191-236-3-1-3-1 demonstrated mean severity and total AUDPC in increasing order but lesser than that of Sabitri. NR2181-465-1-1-1-1 had the lowest disease severity (28.52%) as well as total AUDPC value (853.33). From this experiment, it can be concluded that under similar field conditions, NR2181-465-1-1-1-1 genotype having lower mean disease severity and total AUDPC can be used for further multi location trials for resistance evaluation.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.003
Debolina Dattaray, Rajdeep Kaur, S. K. Sharma, Sunita Kumawat, M. Lonare
Mancozeb, a di-thiocarbamate fungicide, is widely used in agricultural practices for the control of parasitic fungi and their spores. The present study investigates the blood antioxidant profile of rats following subacute oral mancozeb exposure and the ameliorative effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Tridax procumbens on mancozeb induced toxicity in rats. 36 wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals, each (Control, Mancozeb (@500mg/kg) treatment group, Tridax aqueous extract (@300mg/kg) group, Tridax methanol extract (@300mg/kg) group, Tridax aq extract + Mancozeb group and Tridax met extract + mancozeb group. The rats received the fungicide and the different extracts of the plant orally for 28 consecutive days, except the control group. Subacute mancozeb exposure significantly elevated the oxidative stress marker LPO. The altered antioxidant status was evident from the depleting blood glutathione levels, significant elevation in enzymic antioxidant parameters (Catalase, GST, G6PD) and simultaneous decrease in enzymes like SOD, GPxand GR. Supplementation of Tridax aq. extract and Tridax met. extract @ 300 mg/kg per day for 28 days in mancozeb intoxicated rats had a beneficial effect on the overall antioxidant profile of the animals as witnessed by no significant alteration in LPO, blood glutathione levels and activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz. GST, GR, SOD, CAT and G6PD. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that mancozeb administration induces pronounced oxidative stress in the rats and aqueous and methanolic extract of Tridax procumbens have mild to moderate ameliorative effect in the treated rats.
{"title":"Antioxidant Profile of Rats in Mancozeb Induced Toxicity and its Amelioration by Tridax procumbens","authors":"Debolina Dattaray, Rajdeep Kaur, S. K. Sharma, Sunita Kumawat, M. Lonare","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.003","url":null,"abstract":"Mancozeb, a di-thiocarbamate fungicide, is widely used in agricultural practices for the control of parasitic fungi and their spores. The present study investigates the blood antioxidant profile of rats following subacute oral mancozeb exposure and the ameliorative effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Tridax procumbens on mancozeb induced toxicity in rats. 36 wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals, each (Control, Mancozeb (@500mg/kg) treatment group, Tridax aqueous extract (@300mg/kg) group, Tridax methanol extract (@300mg/kg) group, Tridax aq extract + Mancozeb group and Tridax met extract + mancozeb group. The rats received the fungicide and the different extracts of the plant orally for 28 consecutive days, except the control group. Subacute mancozeb exposure significantly elevated the oxidative stress marker LPO. The altered antioxidant status was evident from the depleting blood glutathione levels, significant elevation in enzymic antioxidant parameters (Catalase, GST, G6PD) and simultaneous decrease in enzymes like SOD, GPxand GR. Supplementation of Tridax aq. extract and Tridax met. extract @ 300 mg/kg per day for 28 days in mancozeb intoxicated rats had a beneficial effect on the overall antioxidant profile of the animals as witnessed by no significant alteration in LPO, blood glutathione levels and activities of various antioxidant enzymes viz. GST, GR, SOD, CAT and G6PD. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that mancozeb administration induces pronounced oxidative stress in the rats and aqueous and methanolic extract of Tridax procumbens have mild to moderate ameliorative effect in the treated rats.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.010
Manisha Chaudhari, Krunal Solanki
Pesticides, insecticides, certain pharmaceuticals, chemically dangerous chemicals which can pollute the environment. Pesticides are primarily used to manage plants, flies, parasitic fungus, and parasites in crop fields. The desire to limit pesticide effects on soil and offsite environments has encouraged research interest in pesticide and related chemical biodegradation. As a result, quick and safe agents for environmental bioremediation, individual decontamination, and therapeutic detoxication are urgently needed. Bioremediation is environment friendly so if we use such kind of technique then more helpful. The ability of microorganisms to degrade complex chemical substances in the environment is referred to as bioremediation. The discovery of CRISPR, mechanism of the CRISPR-based nuclear adaptive immune system "CRISPR associated system, Cas", and its diversion to powerful tools for gene editing revolutionize the field of molecular biology. Brought about and stimulated new and improved gene therapy. By using CRISPR technique transfer desired gene and decrease toxic elements.
{"title":"Role of Crisper-Cas Technique in Bioremediation of Pesticides","authors":"Manisha Chaudhari, Krunal Solanki","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.010","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides, insecticides, certain pharmaceuticals, chemically dangerous chemicals which can pollute the environment. Pesticides are primarily used to manage plants, flies, parasitic fungus, and parasites in crop fields. The desire to limit pesticide effects on soil and offsite environments has encouraged research interest in pesticide and related chemical biodegradation. As a result, quick and safe agents for environmental bioremediation, individual decontamination, and therapeutic detoxication are urgently needed. Bioremediation is environment friendly so if we use such kind of technique then more helpful. The ability of microorganisms to degrade complex chemical substances in the environment is referred to as bioremediation. The discovery of CRISPR, mechanism of the CRISPR-based nuclear adaptive immune system \"CRISPR associated system, Cas\", and its diversion to powerful tools for gene editing revolutionize the field of molecular biology. Brought about and stimulated new and improved gene therapy. By using CRISPR technique transfer desired gene and decrease toxic elements.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.007
A. T. Arun, Mahabeer Singh
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) which belongs to the pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest oilseed crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and South America. India ranks first in both acreage and production (about 8 lakh MT) of sesame in the world. The seed mycoflora which causes deteriorative effects like reduction in seed quality and their germination in sesame. Seed samples of sesame were collected from five tehasils of Jaipur district, revealed variation in germination, seedling symptoms and incidence of seed mycoflora which finally effect seed quality. Discolouration (dirty black), deformity (Shrivelled), along with damaged seeds and impurities were commonly found in all the seed samples. A total number of eight seed mycoflora viz., Alternaria sesami, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Mucor spp. and Penicillium spp. were obtained in both Blotter and Agar Plate Method. The disease incidence of Alternaria sesami were found predominant in among the inoculation method. Maximum disease incidence of mycoflora was observed in seed sample ‘A’ whereas minimum observed in seed sample ‘C‘. Among these, Alternaria sesami was found to be highly pathogenic as it showed maximum reduction in seed germination and vigour index with enhanced pre and post-emergence mortality. The pathogenicity of Alternaria sesami highest was observed in seed cum foliar inoculation technique.
{"title":"Seed Mycoflora of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and their Phytopathogenic Effect","authors":"A. T. Arun, Mahabeer Singh","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.007","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) which belongs to the pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest oilseed crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and South America. India ranks first in both acreage and production (about 8 lakh MT) of sesame in the world. The seed mycoflora which causes deteriorative effects like reduction in seed quality and their germination in sesame. Seed samples of sesame were collected from five tehasils of Jaipur district, revealed variation in germination, seedling symptoms and incidence of seed mycoflora which finally effect seed quality. Discolouration (dirty black), deformity (Shrivelled), along with damaged seeds and impurities were commonly found in all the seed samples. A total number of eight seed mycoflora viz., Alternaria sesami, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Mucor spp. and Penicillium spp. were obtained in both Blotter and Agar Plate Method. The disease incidence of Alternaria sesami were found predominant in among the inoculation method. Maximum disease incidence of mycoflora was observed in seed sample ‘A’ whereas minimum observed in seed sample ‘C‘. Among these, Alternaria sesami was found to be highly pathogenic as it showed maximum reduction in seed germination and vigour index with enhanced pre and post-emergence mortality. The pathogenicity of Alternaria sesami highest was observed in seed cum foliar inoculation technique.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.016
N. S. Rakkith, C. B. Madhavaprasad, Prashanth S. Bagalakote, S. J. Arun, K. G. Udupa, L. R. Ananthakrishna, P. Hemanth, B. Jithendra
The ability of 12 Salmonella isolates originating from animal, birds and environmental sources to form biofilms was investigated using 96-well flat microtitre plate assay. At 24-hours, none of the isolates formed biofilm, while most isolates were weak biofilm producers at 48 and 72 hours. As the biofilms has the ability to resist disinfectants, antimicrobials and contribute to virulence, has gained importance in food industries.
{"title":"Quantification of Biofilm Forming Ability of Salmonella species at Different Time Interval","authors":"N. S. Rakkith, C. B. Madhavaprasad, Prashanth S. Bagalakote, S. J. Arun, K. G. Udupa, L. R. Ananthakrishna, P. Hemanth, B. Jithendra","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.016","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of 12 Salmonella isolates originating from animal, birds and environmental sources to form biofilms was investigated using 96-well flat microtitre plate assay. At 24-hours, none of the isolates formed biofilm, while most isolates were weak biofilm producers at 48 and 72 hours. As the biofilms has the ability to resist disinfectants, antimicrobials and contribute to virulence, has gained importance in food industries.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.019
Rashmi Kala, V. D. Pandey
India is rich in lithic (stone-built) temples and monuments which epitomize our rich cultural heritage and contribute significantly to the tourism and economy of the country. The light-exposed surfaces of temples and monuments are readily colonized and inhabited by various species, belonging to different genera, of lithophytic (lithobiontic) cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Lithophytic cyanobacteria possess remarkable adaptability and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, such as desiccation, high light intensity, high levels of solar UV radiation and high temperature which they often encounter on exposed rock surfaces and external walls of lithic temples, monuments and buildings. They are primary colonizers of nutrient-poor lithic substrata. Lithophytic cyanobacteria can grow both as epiliths and endoliths. They comprise major component of sub-aerial biofilms or crusts on exposed surfaces.The colonization and growth of lithophytic cyanobacteria can affect stone-built temples, monuments and buildings directly or indirectly in various ways, ultimately resulting in their biodeterioration that is manifested as both aesthetic and structural damage. Biodeterioration of stone-built monuments and buildings is a serious problem globally. The article provides an overview of the occurrence and diversity of lithophytic cyanobacteria on Indian stone-built temples and monuments and their potential effects.
{"title":"Lithophytic Cyanobacteria on Indian Stone Temples and Monuments","authors":"Rashmi Kala, V. D. Pandey","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.019","url":null,"abstract":"India is rich in lithic (stone-built) temples and monuments which epitomize our rich cultural heritage and contribute significantly to the tourism and economy of the country. The light-exposed surfaces of temples and monuments are readily colonized and inhabited by various species, belonging to different genera, of lithophytic (lithobiontic) cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Lithophytic cyanobacteria possess remarkable adaptability and tolerance to various abiotic stresses, such as desiccation, high light intensity, high levels of solar UV radiation and high temperature which they often encounter on exposed rock surfaces and external walls of lithic temples, monuments and buildings. They are primary colonizers of nutrient-poor lithic substrata. Lithophytic cyanobacteria can grow both as epiliths and endoliths. They comprise major component of sub-aerial biofilms or crusts on exposed surfaces.The colonization and growth of lithophytic cyanobacteria can affect stone-built temples, monuments and buildings directly or indirectly in various ways, ultimately resulting in their biodeterioration that is manifested as both aesthetic and structural damage. Biodeterioration of stone-built monuments and buildings is a serious problem globally. The article provides an overview of the occurrence and diversity of lithophytic cyanobacteria on Indian stone-built temples and monuments and their potential effects.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste management is an increasingly critical environmental issue, necessitating concerted efforts to address its impact on ecosystems and human well-being. Environmental advocacy groups play a pivotal role in driving sustainable waste management policies and raising awareness about pressing challenges, such as food waste. This review paper examines the influence and strategies of environmental advocacy groups in waste management, with a specific focus on their impact on policies and initiatives and their role in combatting food waste. The concept of environmental advocacy groups and their role in waste management were discussed. Through case studies and examples, an analysis was drawn on how these groups have successfully influenced waste management policies at various levels, ranging from local communities to international forums. Moreover, it explores the strategies employed by advocacy groups, including social media campaigns, public awareness initiatives, lobbying efforts, grassroots movements, and collaborations with diverse stakeholders. With a special emphasis on food waste, the review paper unveils the role of environmental advocacy groups in tackling critical issues. The paper discusses the far-reaching implications of food waste, encompassing economic losses, social disparities, and environmental degradation. Leveraging innovative strategies will be instrumental in driving positive change.
{"title":"Environmental Advocacy Groups' Impact and Strategies in Waste Management: Shaping Policies and Raising Awareness, with a Focus on Food Waste","authors":"Aligina Anvitha Sudheshna, Mamta Sharma, Sunita Agarwal","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.013","url":null,"abstract":"Waste management is an increasingly critical environmental issue, necessitating concerted efforts to address its impact on ecosystems and human well-being. Environmental advocacy groups play a pivotal role in driving sustainable waste management policies and raising awareness about pressing challenges, such as food waste. This review paper examines the influence and strategies of environmental advocacy groups in waste management, with a specific focus on their impact on policies and initiatives and their role in combatting food waste. The concept of environmental advocacy groups and their role in waste management were discussed. Through case studies and examples, an analysis was drawn on how these groups have successfully influenced waste management policies at various levels, ranging from local communities to international forums. Moreover, it explores the strategies employed by advocacy groups, including social media campaigns, public awareness initiatives, lobbying efforts, grassroots movements, and collaborations with diverse stakeholders. With a special emphasis on food waste, the review paper unveils the role of environmental advocacy groups in tackling critical issues. The paper discusses the far-reaching implications of food waste, encompassing economic losses, social disparities, and environmental degradation. Leveraging innovative strategies will be instrumental in driving positive change.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.017
Kajal Srivastava, Namrata Habiba Begum
Fresh and safe food is the demand of customers in past decade, to fulfill this demand various novel technologies are being employed on food, one such technique is being discussed in this review i.e., Cold Plasma. Recently cold plasma has proven to be a budding technique primarily in food preservation sector. The main highlight of this technique is minimum heat damage, also the processing time to kill pathogens is considerably low as compared to other techniques. It is being utilized in killing pathogenic micro-organisms in various sectors of food. In this review we will see the mechanism behind generation of cold plasma as well as its types. The paper also summarizes its effect on different food sectors such as milk, meat, packaging, fruits, vegetables etc. Cold plasma is also being utilized in altering the food components as well as packaging materials. Despite being a promising option, the technique still is under scrutiny due to challenges faced by researchers which will be discussed briefly.
{"title":"Application of Cold Plasma in Food Science: A Novel Technique","authors":"Kajal Srivastava, Namrata Habiba Begum","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.017","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh and safe food is the demand of customers in past decade, to fulfill this demand various novel technologies are being employed on food, one such technique is being discussed in this review i.e., Cold Plasma. Recently cold plasma has proven to be a budding technique primarily in food preservation sector. The main highlight of this technique is minimum heat damage, also the processing time to kill pathogens is considerably low as compared to other techniques. It is being utilized in killing pathogenic micro-organisms in various sectors of food. In this review we will see the mechanism behind generation of cold plasma as well as its types. The paper also summarizes its effect on different food sectors such as milk, meat, packaging, fruits, vegetables etc. Cold plasma is also being utilized in altering the food components as well as packaging materials. Despite being a promising option, the technique still is under scrutiny due to challenges faced by researchers which will be discussed briefly.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.004
Deparna Pradhan, Gunja Kumari, Kalyan Kanti Das
Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum), locally known as ‘alaichi’, is commonly referred to as the queen of spices. India happens to be the second largest producer of this age old spice and shares about 37% of its global production. The present study attempts to analyze the financial & economic performance of Large Cardamom cultivation with the help of primary data collected from 60 randomly selected sample farmers from Kalimpong district of West Bengal during 2019-2020. It is cultivated as one of the most important cash crops in the study area. Garrett’s ranking technique is used to identify the major constraints faced during production of large cardamom. Discounted method of financial feasibility analysis explores Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to be 3.01 and Net Present Value (NPV) to be ₹1, 99,929.92 (per ha per annum) at 7 percent discount rate confirming the financial viability and profitability of large cardamom cultivation. It is found that the crop exhibits upward trend in yield with its age and attains the ‘maxima’ at 6th year, in general. The net return is found to be highest between the age group of 4 to 6 years, 6thyear age garden giving the optimum yield and return. Attack of pest and disease is the major problem expressed by majority of the farmers along with other problems. Proper and timely technical guidance & suitable government initiative for development of ‘fore-warning system’, as well as establishment of newer plantation need to be encouraged with feasible assistance from the concerned line department(s).
{"title":"Production and Problems in Large Cardamom Cultivation in the Sub- Himalayan Region of West Bengal","authors":"Deparna Pradhan, Gunja Kumari, Kalyan Kanti Das","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.004","url":null,"abstract":"Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum), locally known as ‘alaichi’, is commonly referred to as the queen of spices. India happens to be the second largest producer of this age old spice and shares about 37% of its global production. The present study attempts to analyze the financial & economic performance of Large Cardamom cultivation with the help of primary data collected from 60 randomly selected sample farmers from Kalimpong district of West Bengal during 2019-2020. It is cultivated as one of the most important cash crops in the study area. Garrett’s ranking technique is used to identify the major constraints faced during production of large cardamom. Discounted method of financial feasibility analysis explores Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to be 3.01 and Net Present Value (NPV) to be ₹1, 99,929.92 (per ha per annum) at 7 percent discount rate confirming the financial viability and profitability of large cardamom cultivation. It is found that the crop exhibits upward trend in yield with its age and attains the ‘maxima’ at 6th year, in general. The net return is found to be highest between the age group of 4 to 6 years, 6thyear age garden giving the optimum yield and return. Attack of pest and disease is the major problem expressed by majority of the farmers along with other problems. Proper and timely technical guidance & suitable government initiative for development of ‘fore-warning system’, as well as establishment of newer plantation need to be encouraged with feasible assistance from the concerned line department(s).","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.026
S. Yahaya, O. Falusi, O. A. Daudu, A. Abubakar, N. I. Mariam, M. Abdulkarim, R. H. Aliyu, C. I. Okoye, M. Yakubu
The aim of this study was to investigate the fruit physical traits of some date palm accessions conserved in the experimental gene pool of NIFOR Date palm research substation in dutse, Nigeria. A survey and exploration were undertaken to collect the fruits from the population of the Female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trees germplasm across the gene pools. The results showed that the accessions R5P24 and R9P2 had the highest number of fruit length (4.73cm) and (4.87 cm). The accession R7P1 recorded the highest and significantly superior values (11.85 g) in fruit weight, while accession R24P9 recorded the lowest fruit diameter. The accessions R6P20, R14P21, and R5P20 showed no significant differences. Significant differences were recorded among the studied accessions in seed weight, seed length and seed diameter respectively.
{"title":"Fruits Variability of Some Nigerian Date-Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Accessions as Revealed by Yield Parameters","authors":"S. Yahaya, O. Falusi, O. A. Daudu, A. Abubakar, N. I. Mariam, M. Abdulkarim, R. H. Aliyu, C. I. Okoye, M. Yakubu","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.026","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the fruit physical traits of some date palm accessions conserved in the experimental gene pool of NIFOR Date palm research substation in dutse, Nigeria. A survey and exploration were undertaken to collect the fruits from the population of the Female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trees germplasm across the gene pools. The results showed that the accessions R5P24 and R9P2 had the highest number of fruit length (4.73cm) and (4.87 cm). The accession R7P1 recorded the highest and significantly superior values (11.85 g) in fruit weight, while accession R24P9 recorded the lowest fruit diameter. The accessions R6P20, R14P21, and R5P20 showed no significant differences. Significant differences were recorded among the studied accessions in seed weight, seed length and seed diameter respectively.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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