Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.020
Mairembam Prashant, M. S. Singh, R. Hijam, K. N. Devi, Surbala Devi, N. Singh
During the 2020-21 kharif season, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy department's research farm at the College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. With 12 treatments and 3 replications, it was carried out using a factorial randomized block design. The experiment comprised of different planting dates (6th July, 21st July, 5th August and 20th August) and three cultivars of black rice aromatic rice (Chakhao Poireiton, Makrei Kazik and Tangkhul Makrei/Khangamu). With a grain yield of 1475.24 kg/ha, Chakhao Poireiton produced the highest growth parameters, and Tangkhul Makrei/Khangamu produced the lowest growth parameters with a grain yield of 1384.53 kg/ha. Dates of sowing had significant impact on growth. Early planting (6th July) resulted in the highest growth parameters and grain yield (1508.07 kg/ha), while late planting (20th August) resulted in the lowest growth parameters and grain yield (1361.58 kg/ha). Thus, the cultivar Chakhao Poireiton of black rice sown on July 6th was suitable for improved growth and grain yield.
{"title":"To Assess the Effect of Different Sowing Time on the Performance of Different Local Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars of Manipur","authors":"Mairembam Prashant, M. S. Singh, R. Hijam, K. N. Devi, Surbala Devi, N. Singh","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.020","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2020-21 kharif season, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy department's research farm at the College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur. With 12 treatments and 3 replications, it was carried out using a factorial randomized block design. The experiment comprised of different planting dates (6th July, 21st July, 5th August and 20th August) and three cultivars of black rice aromatic rice (Chakhao Poireiton, Makrei Kazik and Tangkhul Makrei/Khangamu). With a grain yield of 1475.24 kg/ha, Chakhao Poireiton produced the highest growth parameters, and Tangkhul Makrei/Khangamu produced the lowest growth parameters with a grain yield of 1384.53 kg/ha. Dates of sowing had significant impact on growth. Early planting (6th July) resulted in the highest growth parameters and grain yield (1508.07 kg/ha), while late planting (20th August) resulted in the lowest growth parameters and grain yield (1361.58 kg/ha). Thus, the cultivar Chakhao Poireiton of black rice sown on July 6th was suitable for improved growth and grain yield.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.021
P. Lager, Jyoti Sharma, Yogesh Kumar
Begomoviruses are considered as the destructive plant virus genus. During plant-virus interactions, begomovirus alters several cellular and physiological pathways by changing the gene expression. To understand these interactions with host plants, transcriptomic methods are adopted by many researchers. Significant changes in the expression of transcripts are found to be associated with biochemical pathways. Viral infection begins a complex interaction between the virus and the host. Unravelling these interactions can be helpful in the development of effective strategies for the virus control. In recent years, RNA sequencing and microarray studies have been applied extensively to know the response of plant hosts to viral infection. We aimed to identify important differentially expressed genes in host plants under begomovirus infection. In this present review, we focused on begomovirus-plat interactions with the help of transcriptomic analysis which will be helpful for scientific community to better understand the mechanisms of host against begomovirus species.
{"title":"Integration of Transcriptomic approaches towards understanding Begomovirus Infection in Plants","authors":"P. Lager, Jyoti Sharma, Yogesh Kumar","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.021","url":null,"abstract":"Begomoviruses are considered as the destructive plant virus genus. During plant-virus interactions, begomovirus alters several cellular and physiological pathways by changing the gene expression. To understand these interactions with host plants, transcriptomic methods are adopted by many researchers. Significant changes in the expression of transcripts are found to be associated with biochemical pathways. Viral infection begins a complex interaction between the virus and the host. Unravelling these interactions can be helpful in the development of effective strategies for the virus control. In recent years, RNA sequencing and microarray studies have been applied extensively to know the response of plant hosts to viral infection. We aimed to identify important differentially expressed genes in host plants under begomovirus infection. In this present review, we focused on begomovirus-plat interactions with the help of transcriptomic analysis which will be helpful for scientific community to better understand the mechanisms of host against begomovirus species.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.022
Deepthi Mohan, P. Manoj, N. P. Anish, S. Roshni, Anu Theresa Antony, Mariya Mary Gigi, C. Narayana
Dioscorea is a staple food crop and one of the top tuber crops in terms of economic gain, is cultivated in many parts of the world and is mostly grown in tropical countries owing to its subterranean tubers. Dioscorea samples collected from tribal regions of Kerala state, India. Using fluorescently tagged ISSR primers (F-ISSR), genetic diversity analysis of Dioscorea samples was carried out. Out of 38 primers employed, 8 primers displayed polymorphism, with varying numbers of polymorphic loci observed for each primer. The genetic distance within the population was determined using Nei's similarity - distance matrix, maximum distance was observed between D. tomentosa and D. rotundata (0.5379). The unweighted pair-group approach with arithmetic mean analysis was used to assess the comparative data, resulting in the construction of adendrogram with 8 clusters. The bands assessed were ranged in size from 80- 600 bp were aligned with the size standard bands. D. alata (0.2686) and D. oppositifolia (0.2892) showed the highest genetic diversity within the population. Compared with other species in the population, D. esculenta and D. pentaphylla exhibited the highest degree of resemblance. D. rotundata, an exotic variety, formed a distinctive cluster from the other members of the population. Molecular marker-assisted genetic diversity studies on wild varieties of Dioscorea contribute to resolving disputes related to folk systematics and provide advancement in propagation and conservation techniques.
薯蓣是一种主食作物，也是经济效益最高的块茎作物之一，在世界许多地方都有种植，由于其地下块茎，主要生长在热带国家。从印度喀拉拉邦部落地区采集的薯蓣样本。利用荧光标记 ISSR 引物（F-ISSR）对薯蓣样本进行了遗传多样性分析。在使用的 38 个引物中，8 个引物显示出多态性，每个引物观察到的多态位点数量各不相同。利用内氏相似度-距离矩阵确定了种群内的遗传距离，观察到 D. tomentosa 和 D. rotundata 之间的距离最大（0.5379）。采用算术平均分析的非加权配对组法评估比较数据，构建了 8 个聚类的附图。评估的条带大小从 80 到 600 bp 不等，并与标准条带大小进行了比对。D. alata（0.2686）和 D. oppositifolia（0.2892）在种群中的遗传多样性最高。与群体中的其他物种相比，D. esculenta 和 D. pentaphylla 的相似度最高。外来品种 D. rotundata 与群体中的其他成员形成了一个独特的群组。对薯蓣野生变种的分子标记辅助遗传多样性研究有助于解决与民间系统学有关的争议，并促进繁殖和保护技术的发展。
{"title":"F-ISSR Marker Based Genotyping of Wild Tuber Population of Dioscorea Exclusive to Tribal Utility in Kerala, India","authors":"Deepthi Mohan, P. Manoj, N. P. Anish, S. Roshni, Anu Theresa Antony, Mariya Mary Gigi, C. Narayana","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.022","url":null,"abstract":"Dioscorea is a staple food crop and one of the top tuber crops in terms of economic gain, is cultivated in many parts of the world and is mostly grown in tropical countries owing to its subterranean tubers. Dioscorea samples collected from tribal regions of Kerala state, India. Using fluorescently tagged ISSR primers (F-ISSR), genetic diversity analysis of Dioscorea samples was carried out. Out of 38 primers employed, 8 primers displayed polymorphism, with varying numbers of polymorphic loci observed for each primer. The genetic distance within the population was determined using Nei's similarity - distance matrix, maximum distance was observed between D. tomentosa and D. rotundata (0.5379). The unweighted pair-group approach with arithmetic mean analysis was used to assess the comparative data, resulting in the construction of adendrogram with 8 clusters. The bands assessed were ranged in size from 80- 600 bp were aligned with the size standard bands. D. alata (0.2686) and D. oppositifolia (0.2892) showed the highest genetic diversity within the population. Compared with other species in the population, D. esculenta and D. pentaphylla exhibited the highest degree of resemblance. D. rotundata, an exotic variety, formed a distinctive cluster from the other members of the population. Molecular marker-assisted genetic diversity studies on wild varieties of Dioscorea contribute to resolving disputes related to folk systematics and provide advancement in propagation and conservation techniques.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.027
M. I. Manivannan, J. P. Joshua
A field experiment was conducted during rabi (2017) at the Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam to study the effect of growth retardants on yield and quality of bellary onion. The field trial was laid out during December 2018 and the crop was transplanted during February 2019. The plants were sprayed with plant growth retardants in different concentrations viz., Chlormequat 500 ppm, Chlormequat 1000 ppm, Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm, Mepiquat chloride 1000 ppm, Brassinolide 0.250 ppm, Brassinolide 0.500 ppm, Daminozide 500, ppm, Daminozide 1000 ppm and Control. All the treatments showed significant difference for various growth and yield attributing characters. Mepiquat chloride (500 ppm) reduced the number of days taken for maturity (127.30) significantly over control (135.66). Marketable yield of bulb per plot is directly and positively correlated with the bulb weight and the maximum was recorded with Mepiquat chloride @ 500 ppm (17.97 kg) and minimum recorded in control (12.45 kg). Hence, it is concluded that that the foliar spray of Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm improved the bulb weight and the resultant bulb yield per hectare.
{"title":"Studies on Influence of Growth Retardants in Increasing Yield and Quality in Bellary Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa)","authors":"M. I. Manivannan, J. P. Joshua","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.027","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during rabi (2017) at the Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam to study the effect of growth retardants on yield and quality of bellary onion. The field trial was laid out during December 2018 and the crop was transplanted during February 2019. The plants were sprayed with plant growth retardants in different concentrations viz., Chlormequat 500 ppm, Chlormequat 1000 ppm, Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm, Mepiquat chloride 1000 ppm, Brassinolide 0.250 ppm, Brassinolide 0.500 ppm, Daminozide 500, ppm, Daminozide 1000 ppm and Control. All the treatments showed significant difference for various growth and yield attributing characters. Mepiquat chloride (500 ppm) reduced the number of days taken for maturity (127.30) significantly over control (135.66). Marketable yield of bulb per plot is directly and positively correlated with the bulb weight and the maximum was recorded with Mepiquat chloride @ 500 ppm (17.97 kg) and minimum recorded in control (12.45 kg). Hence, it is concluded that that the foliar spray of Mepiquat chloride 500 ppm improved the bulb weight and the resultant bulb yield per hectare.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of pesticide residue in Langra variety of mango by farmers of local area was studied. The pesticides residual loads assessments were seen in the soil and orchard during the cultivation. The farmers used the pesticide viz. Dichlorovos, Phorate, Diazinone, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Ethion to obtain high production. Three samples of Langra variety were collected from different orchards of Modinagar region. About 1 kg sample of each field (orchard) was sealed in polythene bag and there after cleaning the pulp it was analysed by GCMS. The validity was checked by standard solution. The entire sample was found under the MRLs limit recommended by FSSAI. The over use of chemicals was seen bad effect on the health of community. The present study concluded that the regular monitoring is must for the public health.
{"title":"Assessment of Health Hazardous Pesticide Residues by GCMS in Langra Variety of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Modinagar (Ghaziabad) Area Orchards","authors":"Virendra Kumar, Amar Singh Kashyap, Arun Kumar, Vandana Dwivedi","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.018","url":null,"abstract":"The use of pesticide residue in Langra variety of mango by farmers of local area was studied. The pesticides residual loads assessments were seen in the soil and orchard during the cultivation. The farmers used the pesticide viz. Dichlorovos, Phorate, Diazinone, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Ethion to obtain high production. Three samples of Langra variety were collected from different orchards of Modinagar region. About 1 kg sample of each field (orchard) was sealed in polythene bag and there after cleaning the pulp it was analysed by GCMS. The validity was checked by standard solution. The entire sample was found under the MRLs limit recommended by FSSAI. The over use of chemicals was seen bad effect on the health of community. The present study concluded that the regular monitoring is must for the public health.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.024
R. S. Sayyad, V. M. Jadhav
India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi collectively started District Agromet Unit (DAMU) under Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS) project at Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) to minimize the farm losses due to extreme weather events. District & block wise Agromet Advisory Bulletine (AAB) were prepared & disseminated through different Information Communication Tools (ICT). The impact of agromet advisory services of DAMU was analyzed in end of the kharif season 2022 by conducting a feedback survey through google form shared in block level what’s app groups created by DAMU. 300 farmers have given response through google form. It results that majority of the farmers responded belongs to age group of 21-40 years (43%) followed by 41-60 years (38.60), 61-80 years (16.2%). About 63% of the farmers said that these weather-based agro advisories were useful in all practices of crop cultivation, followed by 14.7% of the farmers said that the advisories were play major role while taking decision at harvesting stage of crop, 11.3% of the farmers used forecast and advisory during sowing and transplanting stage. 51% of the farmers said that they were highly satisfied with AAS, followed by 36.7% of farmers satisfied with the AAS. MEGHDOOT and DAMINI application also became an effective tool for farmer’s and 59 % of farmers using these applications in their mobile. It is concluded from the study that weather forecast, agromet advisories & extreme event alerts were disseminated through these simple communications tools play major role in effective crop management and enhanced yield of crops and farmers income too.
{"title":"Use of ICT for Dissemination of Weather Forecast and Agromet Advisory to Farmers of Palghar District Under GKMS–Damu Project","authors":"R. S. Sayyad, V. M. Jadhav","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.024","url":null,"abstract":"India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi collectively started District Agromet Unit (DAMU) under Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS) project at Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) to minimize the farm losses due to extreme weather events. District & block wise Agromet Advisory Bulletine (AAB) were prepared & disseminated through different Information Communication Tools (ICT). The impact of agromet advisory services of DAMU was analyzed in end of the kharif season 2022 by conducting a feedback survey through google form shared in block level what’s app groups created by DAMU. 300 farmers have given response through google form. It results that majority of the farmers responded belongs to age group of 21-40 years (43%) followed by 41-60 years (38.60), 61-80 years (16.2%). About 63% of the farmers said that these weather-based agro advisories were useful in all practices of crop cultivation, followed by 14.7% of the farmers said that the advisories were play major role while taking decision at harvesting stage of crop, 11.3% of the farmers used forecast and advisory during sowing and transplanting stage. 51% of the farmers said that they were highly satisfied with AAS, followed by 36.7% of farmers satisfied with the AAS. MEGHDOOT and DAMINI application also became an effective tool for farmer’s and 59 % of farmers using these applications in their mobile. It is concluded from the study that weather forecast, agromet advisories & extreme event alerts were disseminated through these simple communications tools play major role in effective crop management and enhanced yield of crops and farmers income too.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.021
K. T. Suryawanshi, S. D. Sawant, I. Sawant
Research was attempted for growing grapes by using pesticides whenever obligatory and keeping time of applications and choice of pesticides such that at harvest residue will be minimum possible. Strategically outlook for control of diseases was different before fruit set and thereafter. For the management of downy mildew, dithiocarbamate group, such as mancozeb are used, due to which use of bio-control agents as spray was not possible. Induce systemic resistance (ISR) activities of microbes was exploit, to achieve highest ISR activities use of Trichoderma was given before and instantly after fruit pruning. For years, grapes powdery mildew management is dominated by use of trialzole fungicides. But in recent year resistance to triazole fungicides in powdery mildew accentuated up to 50 ppm. Therefore, strategically it was decided that triazole fungicides will not be used 60 days after fruit pruning. The sulfur was safer substitute, an obvious choice which meant if only sulfur was sprayed bio-control agents also can use. Only sulfur and bio-control agents such as Trichoderma and Ampelomyces were used in all FLD locations 60 days after pruning with alternation, till about 15 days before harvest. Based on bio-efficacy experiments chlorine dioxide, nano silver in complex with hydrogen peroxide were selected as ecologically low profile chemicals for management of powdery mildew. In all four FLD plots on this strategy was implemented and in all FLD plots disease PDI for downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose were kept to be bare minimum. Dissipation of pesticide residue in vineyards may be dependent on many factors; microbial degradation is one of such important factors. ICAR-NRCG has developed and commercially formulated Bacillus subtilis name DR-39 applied at 2.5 g/L as effective dose to increase the rate dissipation of about 10 pesticides. Total fungicide residues detected in grapes from different FLD, during 2017-18 was in the range of 0-3. All fungicides detected were below MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits) and their concentrations were very less in parts per billion (ppb) range. The shelf life of the grapes grown in zero residue plots, per cent physiological weight loss (PLW) and per cent rotten berries were found less as compared to farmers practiced plot. The FLDs have success for growing grapes without any detectable pesticides residue (zero residue grapes) by using updated technology and strategy.
{"title":"Management Strategies for Zero Fungicides Residue in Grapes","authors":"K. T. Suryawanshi, S. D. Sawant, I. Sawant","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.021","url":null,"abstract":"Research was attempted for growing grapes by using pesticides whenever obligatory and keeping time of applications and choice of pesticides such that at harvest residue will be minimum possible. Strategically outlook for control of diseases was different before fruit set and thereafter. For the management of downy mildew, dithiocarbamate group, such as mancozeb are used, due to which use of bio-control agents as spray was not possible. Induce systemic resistance (ISR) activities of microbes was exploit, to achieve highest ISR activities use of Trichoderma was given before and instantly after fruit pruning. For years, grapes powdery mildew management is dominated by use of trialzole fungicides. But in recent year resistance to triazole fungicides in powdery mildew accentuated up to 50 ppm. Therefore, strategically it was decided that triazole fungicides will not be used 60 days after fruit pruning. The sulfur was safer substitute, an obvious choice which meant if only sulfur was sprayed bio-control agents also can use. Only sulfur and bio-control agents such as Trichoderma and Ampelomyces were used in all FLD locations 60 days after pruning with alternation, till about 15 days before harvest. Based on bio-efficacy experiments chlorine dioxide, nano silver in complex with hydrogen peroxide were selected as ecologically low profile chemicals for management of powdery mildew. In all four FLD plots on this strategy was implemented and in all FLD plots disease PDI for downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose were kept to be bare minimum. Dissipation of pesticide residue in vineyards may be dependent on many factors; microbial degradation is one of such important factors. ICAR-NRCG has developed and commercially formulated Bacillus subtilis name DR-39 applied at 2.5 g/L as effective dose to increase the rate dissipation of about 10 pesticides. Total fungicide residues detected in grapes from different FLD, during 2017-18 was in the range of 0-3. All fungicides detected were below MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits) and their concentrations were very less in parts per billion (ppb) range. The shelf life of the grapes grown in zero residue plots, per cent physiological weight loss (PLW) and per cent rotten berries were found less as compared to farmers practiced plot. The FLDs have success for growing grapes without any detectable pesticides residue (zero residue grapes) by using updated technology and strategy.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.009
Amit Mishra, Rajiv Kumar, Ravi Kumar Sharma, Amar Singh Meena, Kritika Gaur
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder in human being, is associated with MHC class-II, which reacts with auto peptide released by MHC class-II. HLA-DQ alleles (DQA1 and DQB1) are revealed to be linked with type 1 diabetes in humans. The DQ alleles passed from parents to the offspring predisposes them with risk of type I diabetes. In present study, DQ variants (DQA1 and DQA2) were amplified and sequenced with product size 826 bp (DQA1) and 865 bp (DQA2) from sheep’s blood. Sequences were insilico characterized for percent identity, phylogeny, and protein property. Phylogeny analysis suggests a rich repertoire of DQA alleles in sheep. Ramachandran plot analysis had shown the residues are occurring under the core region of both the DQ loci with 90.8% and 92.1% of residues lie in the favored region in DQA1 and DQA2 loci, respectively.
{"title":"Major Histocompatibility Complex-DQA Variants Analysis: Rich Repertoire with Selection Advantages and Disadvantages","authors":"Amit Mishra, Rajiv Kumar, Ravi Kumar Sharma, Amar Singh Meena, Kritika Gaur","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.009","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder in human being, is associated with MHC class-II, which reacts with auto peptide released by MHC class-II. HLA-DQ alleles (DQA1 and DQB1) are revealed to be linked with type 1 diabetes in humans. The DQ alleles passed from parents to the offspring predisposes them with risk of type I diabetes. In present study, DQ variants (DQA1 and DQA2) were amplified and sequenced with product size 826 bp (DQA1) and 865 bp (DQA2) from sheep’s blood. Sequences were insilico characterized for percent identity, phylogeny, and protein property. Phylogeny analysis suggests a rich repertoire of DQA alleles in sheep. Ramachandran plot analysis had shown the residues are occurring under the core region of both the DQ loci with 90.8% and 92.1% of residues lie in the favored region in DQA1 and DQA2 loci, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.016
Mukkeri Kranthirekha, D. Narshivudu, Akshaya Vinod Mayekar
Aquaculture is the fastest expanding sector of animal food production and has a lot of potential as a long term solution for global food security. The ability to controllinggrowth, reproduction and sex is crucial aspects of aquaculture for increasing aquaculture production. Many natural and synthetic hormones are used in aquaculture.This present review focused on the use of various hormones in fish breeding, sex reversal, growth promotion and immune boosting in aquaculture. In fish breeding, pituitary gland extract and gonadotropic releasing hormone analogues are commonly used to induce spawning in captive condition and produce good quantity and quality seed throughout the year. Estrogen and androgen are the mostly used in sex reversal of fish when one gender of species has the potential to grow faster and bigger than other gender.Administration of thyroid hormone and tryptophan helps fish grow bigger and less stressed. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture.
{"title":"Review on Exogenous Hormone Administration in Aquaculture","authors":"Mukkeri Kranthirekha, D. Narshivudu, Akshaya Vinod Mayekar","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.016","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture is the fastest expanding sector of animal food production and has a lot of potential as a long term solution for global food security. The ability to controllinggrowth, reproduction and sex is crucial aspects of aquaculture for increasing aquaculture production. Many natural and synthetic hormones are used in aquaculture.This present review focused on the use of various hormones in fish breeding, sex reversal, growth promotion and immune boosting in aquaculture. In fish breeding, pituitary gland extract and gonadotropic releasing hormone analogues are commonly used to induce spawning in captive condition and produce good quantity and quality seed throughout the year. Estrogen and androgen are the mostly used in sex reversal of fish when one gender of species has the potential to grow faster and bigger than other gender.Administration of thyroid hormone and tryptophan helps fish grow bigger and less stressed. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture. In order to increase food safety and limit environmental impact, these hormones should be used with caution in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.001
Xurshidbek O. Abdullayev, Mukhlisa Nigmatullayeva, Feruzakhon N. Abdikholikova, Davronjon H. Saminjonov, Saidkamol Xaydarov, Dilafruz Kh. Kuchkarova, Baxriddin O. Soxibov, Nortoji A. Khujamshukurov
This article provides information on the problems and prospects of production processes based on microalgae and macrophytes in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The research works conducted in Uzbekistan on the use of microalgae in fisheries, the importance of microalgae in the cultivation of zooplankton, wastewater treatment based on higher algae, that is, macrophytes, and the use of Azolla and small ryaska in the production of feed and supplements are described. Based on research, the dependence of protein and fat storage, which determines the nutritional value of microalgae, was studied on the generations of microalgae, and it was noted that the accumulation of protein and fat by microalgae differed sharply from each other in the Chu-13 feed medium. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use Botryococcus and Chlorococcum genera strains in obtaining feed with complete nutritional content for the aquaculture industry. Also, in this research work, microalgae (Botryococcus, Chlorococcum), which are one of the essential links in the food chain of zooplanktons used as a live feed, are recommended as a natural food source in the artificial cultivation of zooplanktons. New nutrient media was developed based on mixtures of macrophytes Lemna minor L. flour (protein - 16.10%), wheat bran (protein - 14.2%), and Azolla Carolina L. (protein - 27.6%). Also, as a result of the implementation of the technology of industrial cultivation of Lemna minor macrophyte, the composition of expensive feed products such as wheat flour, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal, is used for the cultivation of nutritious insects and macrophytes, which are non-traditional sources of food, was improved based on azolla and small ryaska. It is also recommended for the biological treatment of chromium-contaminated wastewater based on high-algae Azolla. In particular, it was noted that the tolerance of higher algae to chromium is different. In studies of the tolerance of different types of higher algae to chromium, it was noted that Azolla is somewhat resistant to other higher algae in the experiment.
{"title":"Problems and Prospects of the Use of Macrophytes and Microalgae in Sectors of the Economy (Scientific Analysis on the Example of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Countries of the World)","authors":"Xurshidbek O. Abdullayev, Mukhlisa Nigmatullayeva, Feruzakhon N. Abdikholikova, Davronjon H. Saminjonov, Saidkamol Xaydarov, Dilafruz Kh. Kuchkarova, Baxriddin O. Soxibov, Nortoji A. Khujamshukurov","doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.001","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides information on the problems and prospects of production processes based on microalgae and macrophytes in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The research works conducted in Uzbekistan on the use of microalgae in fisheries, the importance of microalgae in the cultivation of zooplankton, wastewater treatment based on higher algae, that is, macrophytes, and the use of Azolla and small ryaska in the production of feed and supplements are described. Based on research, the dependence of protein and fat storage, which determines the nutritional value of microalgae, was studied on the generations of microalgae, and it was noted that the accumulation of protein and fat by microalgae differed sharply from each other in the Chu-13 feed medium. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use Botryococcus and Chlorococcum genera strains in obtaining feed with complete nutritional content for the aquaculture industry. Also, in this research work, microalgae (Botryococcus, Chlorococcum), which are one of the essential links in the food chain of zooplanktons used as a live feed, are recommended as a natural food source in the artificial cultivation of zooplanktons. New nutrient media was developed based on mixtures of macrophytes Lemna minor L. flour (protein - 16.10%), wheat bran (protein - 14.2%), and Azolla Carolina L. (protein - 27.6%). Also, as a result of the implementation of the technology of industrial cultivation of Lemna minor macrophyte, the composition of expensive feed products such as wheat flour, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal, is used for the cultivation of nutritious insects and macrophytes, which are non-traditional sources of food, was improved based on azolla and small ryaska. It is also recommended for the biological treatment of chromium-contaminated wastewater based on high-algae Azolla. In particular, it was noted that the tolerance of higher algae to chromium is different. In studies of the tolerance of different types of higher algae to chromium, it was noted that Azolla is somewhat resistant to other higher algae in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":13777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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