International dental journal最新文献

{"title":"Dental Students’ Learning Experience: Artificial Intelligence vs Human Feedback on Assignments","authors":"Chantha K. Jayawardena ,&nbsp;Yuvika Gunathilake ,&nbsp;Dhammika Ihalagedara","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effectiveness of an AI-based tool (ChatGPT-4) (AIT) vs a human tutor (HT) in providing feedback on dental students’ assignments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 194 answers to two histology questions were assessed by both tutors using the same rubric. Students compared feedback from both tutors and evaluated its accuracy against a standard rubric. Students’ perceptions were collected on five dimensions of feedback quality. A subject expert also evaluated feedback provided by the two tutors for 40 randomly selected answers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found in total scores between HT and AIT for one question, but a significant difference was noted for Question 2 and overall scores. Students’ perceptions showed no differences regarding understanding mistakes, promoting critical thinking, feedback comprehension, or relevance. However, students felt more comfortable with HT feedback (<em>X</em>² = 9.01, <em>P</em> &lt; .05). In contrast, expert evaluation highlighted that AIT scored higher in identifying mistakes, with significant differences in clarity (<em>W</em> = 40.5, <em>P</em> &lt; .001) and suggestions for improvement (<em>W</em> = 96.5, <em>P</em> &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AIT demonstrates significant potential to complement HT by providing detailed feedback in a shorter timeframe. While students did not perceive differences in feedback quality, expert analysis identified AIT as superior in clarity and suggestions for improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health Differences Between Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Korea","authors":"Yoonjung Ji ,&nbsp;Wonhee Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and aims</h3><div>The oral health characteristics of middle-aged and older adults exhibit variations. This study identifies the various factors associated with oral health among middle-aged and older adults through a subgroup analysis by age group of data representative of the South Korean population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined influencing factors: demographic, socioeconomic, dental, physical attributes, psychological, and mental attributes. Oral health was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. The participants were divided into two groups: those under 65 years of age (middle-aged) and those over 65 years of age (older adults). We used multiple linear regression analysis and dominance analysis to determine the dominant factors associated with oral health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6369 participants were aged 69.2 ± 9.8 years on average, and 57.5% were women. Dominance analysis revealed that lower educational levels and activity difficulty caused by diseases were significantly associated with both groups. Moreover, depressive symptoms were the foremost adverse factor linked to oral health in the middle-aged (<em>P</em> &lt; .001, standardized beta [<em>β</em>] = –4.30, general dominance index [GDI] = 19.00) and older (<em>P</em> &lt; .001, <em>β</em> = –0.30, GDI = 10.70) adults. The number of teeth exhibited the most positive association with oral health in both middle-aged (<em>P</em> &lt; .001, <em>β</em> = 0.20, GDI = 5.30) and older (<em>P</em> &lt; .001, <em>β</em> = 0.23, GDI = 7.40) adults. However, cognitive function, dental visits, body mass index, severe pain, functional limitations, and cognitive function exhibited distinct patterns between the age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Depressive symptoms and the number of teeth significantly influence oral health in middle-aged and older adults, though the impact varies by age. These findings stress the importance of tailored strategies considering age-specific attributes for effective oral health improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Enhancing oral health requires healthcare providers to prioritize monitoring age-specific risk factors. Further, educational plans should highlight the importance of preventive oral care and regular dental visits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 314-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric and Visualised Analysis of Proliferative Verrucous Leucoplakia From 2003 to 2023","authors":"Long Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijia Ou ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Danwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Binjie Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Ousheng Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Proliferative verrucous leucoplakia (PVL) is a rare but slow-growing, aggressive leucoplakia lesion associated with the highest malignant transformation rate in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). With increasing attention paid to PVL, it is urgent for us to analyse and summarise the publications globally using comprehensive bibliometric studies to help researchers propose possible future research directions and guide them to further conduct relevant studies in the domain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of the study was to evaluate global academic productivity, impact, and collaboration of potentially malignant oral disorder PVL utilising bibliometrics based on annual number of publications, countries and regions, institution, authors, journals, citations and co-occurrences of author keywords over the last 20 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study searched publications pertaining to proliferative verrucous leucoplakia in the Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from 2003 to 2023. Utilizing VOSviewer, R software, Bibliometric online analysis platform, CiteSpace software, and Microsoft Excel, we conducted a bibliometric and visualised analysis of PVL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The quantity of pertinent publications in this research domain displays a fluctuating but overall upward trend. In aggregate, there are 148 articles and 61 reviews, encompassing research contributions from 44 countries, 45 institutions, and involving 831 authors. Among these publications, the USA, Spain, and UK emerged as the predominant contributing nations. Predominantly, articles found their publication venue in “<em>Pathology Research and Practice</em>.” Notably, the author with the highest number of publications and most influence is Warnakulasuriya S. The top 3 keywords include “Proliferative Verrucous Leucoplakia,” “Squamous-Cell Carcinoma,” “Oral Leucoplakia,” and “Potentially Malignant Disorders.”</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this investigation, statistical analysis and network visualisation were conducted to reveal the research progress, trends, and trending topics on PVL via a thorough bibliometric analysis. We found that current publications comprise mainly case reports, there is a significant research need to explore the molecular mechanisms, specific diagnostic criteria, and effective management options for PVL. Our work should serve as a key reference and a directional guide for future research in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 333-344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Large Language Models on the Korean Dental Licensing Examination: A Comparative Study","authors":"Woojun Kim ,&nbsp;Bong Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Han-Gyeol Yeom","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigated the potential application of large language models (LLMs) in dental education and practice, with a focus on ChatGPT and Claude3-Opus. Using the Korean Dental Licensing Examination (KDLE) as a benchmark, we aimed to assess the capabilities of these models in the dental field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluated three LLMs: GPT-3.5, GPT-4 (version: March 2024), and Claude3-Opus (version: March 2024). We used the KDLE questionnaire from 2019 to 2023 as inputs to the LLMs and then used the outputs from the LLMs as the corresponding answers. The total scores for individual subjects were obtained and compared. We also compared the performance of LLMs with those of individuals who underwent the exams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Claude3-Opus performed best among the considered LLMs, except in 2019 when ChatGPT-4 performed best. Claude3-Opus and ChatGPT-4 surpassed the cut-off scores in all the years considered; this indicated that Claude3-Opus and ChatGPT-4 passed the KDLE, whereas ChatGPT-3.5 did not. However, all LLMs considered performed worse than humans, represented here by dental students in Korea. On average, the best-performing LLM annually achieved 85.4% of human performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using the KDLE as a benchmark, our study demonstrates that although LLMs have not yet reached human-level performance in overall scores, both Claude3-Opus and ChatGPT-4 exceed the cut-off scores and perform exceptionally well in specific subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>Our findings will aid in evaluating the feasibility of integrating LLMs into dentistry to improve the quality and availability of dental services by offering patient information that meets the basic competency standards of a dentist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Large Language Models for Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Dental Procedures","authors":"Paak Rewthamrongsris ,&nbsp;Jirayu Burapacheep ,&nbsp;Vorapat Trachoo ,&nbsp;Thantrira Porntaveetus","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious, life-threatening condition requiring antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk individuals undergoing invasive dental procedures. As LLMs are rapidly adopted by dental professionals for their efficiency and accessibility, assessing their accuracy in answering critical questions about antibiotic prophylaxis for IE prevention is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight true/false questions based on the 2021 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for IE were posed to 7 popular LLMs. Each model underwent five independent runs per question using two prompt strategies: a pre-prompt as an experienced dentist and without a pre-prompt. Inter-model comparisons utilised the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons using Prism 10 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences in accuracy were observed among the LLMs. All LLMs had a narrower confidence interval with a pre-prompt, and most, except Claude 3 Opus, showed improved performance. GPT-4o had the highest accuracy (80% with a pre-prompt, 78.57% without), followed by Gemini 1.5 Pro (78.57% and 77.86%) and Claude 3 Opus (75.71% and 77.14%). Gemini 1.5 Flash had the lowest accuracy (68.57% and 63.57%). Without a pre-prompt, Gemini 1.5 Flash's accuracy was significantly lower than Claude 3 Opus, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and GPT-4o. With a pre-prompt, Gemini 1.5 Flash and Claude 3.5 were significantly less accurate than Gemini 1.5 Pro and GPT-4o. None of the LLMs met the commonly used benchmark scores. All models provided both correct and incorrect answers randomly, except Claude 3.5 Sonnet with a pre-prompt, which consistently gave incorrect answers to eight questions across five runs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LLMs like GPT-4o show promise for retrieving AHA-IE guideline information, achieving up to 80% accuracy. However, complex medical questions may still pose a challenge. Pre-prompts offer a potential solution, and domain-specific training is essential for optimizing LLM performance in healthcare, especially with the emergence of models with increased token limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Diabetic Patients in Tanzania","authors":"Karpal Singh Sohal ,&nbsp;Ramadhani Kambole ,&nbsp;Sira Stanslaus Owibingire","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending public diabetic clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This study involved adult patients diagnosed with DM. A questionnaire with questions related to oral health KAP was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software v26. Multivariate regression analysis was utilized for response analysis. An alpha of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with good levels of KAP related to oral health comprised 51.0%, 82.3%, and 20.6%, respectively. The odds of good oral health knowledge among participants were almost 2 folds higher in participants with high education levels and 7 folds higher in those who had been referred to a dentist by a physician. Participants with good oral health knowledge had 5.5 times higher odds of having a good attitude. The participants with high education levels were almost 3 times more likely to have good practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>About half of the patients with DM have good oral health-related knowledge. A majority have good compliance towards oral health, but only a limited number have good oral health-related practices. The level of education and previous referrals to dental professionals were found to be predictors of good knowledge regarding dental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 256-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there Risks from Nanocomposite Restoration Grinding for Dentists?","authors":"Daniela Pelclova ,&nbsp;Pavel Bradna ,&nbsp;Lucie Lischkova ,&nbsp;Vladimir Zdimal ,&nbsp;Ludmila Maskova ,&nbsp;Pavlina Klusackova ,&nbsp;Viktoriia Kolesnikova ,&nbsp;Jakub Ondracek ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Schwarz ,&nbsp;Miroslav Pohanka ,&nbsp;Tomas Navratil ,&nbsp;Stepanka Vlckova ,&nbsp;Zdenka Fenclova ,&nbsp;Jana Duskova ,&nbsp;Andrea Rossnerova ,&nbsp;Adela Roubickova","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of short-term inhalational exposure to nanoparticles released during dental composite grinding on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy volunteers were examined before and after exposure in dental workshop. They spent 76.8 ± 0.7 min in the testing room during grinding of dental nanocomposites. The individual exposure to aerosol particles in each participant´s breathing zones was monitored using a personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS). Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-exposure to measure one oxidative stress marker, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and two biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, i.e., ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were used to evaluate the effect of acute inhalational exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean mass of dental nanocomposite ground away was 0.88 ± 0.32 g. Average individual doses of respirable particles and nanoparticles measured by PENS were 380 ± 150 and 3.3 ± 1.3 μg, respectively. No significant increase of the post-exposure oxidative stress marker TBARS in EBC and plasma was seen. No decrease in antioxidant capacity biomarkers FRAP and GSH in EBC post-exposure was seen, either. Post-exposure, conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 62.5% volunteers; however, no impairment in spirometry or FeNO results was observed. No correlation of any biomarker measured with individual exposure was found, however, several correlations with interfering factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and environmental pollution parameters) were seen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study, using oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in biological fluids of volunteers during the grinding of dental nanocomposites did not prove a negative effect of this intense short-term exposure. However, further studies are needed to evaluate oxidative stress in long-term exposure of both stomatologists and patients and diverse populations with varying health statuses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Microbiota in Zirconia and Titanium Implants: A Qualitative Systematic Review","authors":"Majid Bonyadi Manesh ,&nbsp;Neda Vatankhah ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Bonyadi Manesh","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this systematic review, we examine the variations in microbiota on zirconia versus titanium implants, providing insights into their impact on dental health and outcomes. The ongoing discussion regarding whether to use zirconia or titanium for implants underscores the significance of microbiota colonization in determining the longevity and performance of implants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Research questions were formulated following the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes framework, and a PROSPERO protocol was registered. A thorough systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently assessed the reports against the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes criteria, including the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies (QUIN Tool).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 2063 articles identified, 19 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and subjected to quality assessment. All of the included studies were in vitro research with low (31.5%) or moderate (36.8%) or high (31.5%) risk of bias and reported data from 2 implant abutments. Zirconia implants displayed a higher occurrence of Gram-negative bacteria, such as <em>Tannerella, Aggregatibacter</em>, and <em>Porphyromonas</em>. In contrast, titanium implants showed a greater prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria, including <em>Streptococcus, Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus species</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to the findings of the current study, both zirconia and titanium implants support the growth of different microorganisms. There were also differences in the quakity and the quantity of microorganisms detected on each material. These differences in microbial profiles indicate that the selection of implant material might impact the microbial ecosystem on the implant surface, potentially affecting clinical outcomes such as infection rates and the longevity of the implant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mouthwash-Induced Oral Microbiome Disruption on Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Perspective Review","authors":"Ayoub Boulares ,&nbsp;Hela Jdidi ,&nbsp;Nicola Luigi Bragazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of mouthwashes, particularly those containing chlorhexidine (CHX), has raised concerns about their impact on the oral microbiome and potential systemic health effects. This perspective review examines the current evidence linking CHX mouthwash use to disruptions in the oral microbiome and explores the potential indirect implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. CHX mouthwash is effective in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation, but it also significantly alters the composition of the oral microbiome, decreasing the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria critical for nitric oxide (NO) production. This disruption can lead to increased blood pressure, a major risk factor for AD. Given the established connection between hypertension and AD, the long-term use of CHX mouthwash may indirectly contribute to the onset of AD. However, the relationship between CHX mouthwash use and AD remains largely indirect, necessitating further longitudinal and cohort studies to investigate whether a direct causal link exists. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining a balanced oral microbiome for both oral and systemic health and calls for more research into safer oral hygiene practices and their potential impacts on neurodegenerative disease risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models in Dental Licensing Examinations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Okuhara ,&nbsp;Wenbo Huang ,&nbsp;Atsushi Ogihara ,&nbsp;Hikari Sophia Nagao ,&nbsp;Hiroko Okada ,&nbsp;Takahiro Kiuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and aims</h3><div>This study systematically reviews and conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of various large language models (LLMs) in dental licensing examinations worldwide. The aim is to assess the accuracy of these models in different linguistic and geographical contexts. This will inform their potential application in dental education and diagnostics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published from 1 January 2022 to 1 May 2024. Two authors independently reviewed the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the studies in accordance with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate the performance of LLMs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing dental licensing examinations from eight countries. GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard achieved integrated accuracy rates of 54%, 72%, and 56%, respectively. GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 and Bard, passing more than half of the dental licensing examinations. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression showed that GPT-3.5 performed significantly better in English-speaking countries. GPT-4’s performance, however, remained consistent across different regions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LLMs, particularly GPT-4, show potential in dental education and diagnostics, yet their accuracy remains below the threshold required for clinical application. The lack of sufficient training data in dentistry has affected LLMs’ accuracy. The reliance on image-based diagnostics also presents challenges. As a result, their accuracy in dental exams is lower compared to medical licensing exams. Additionally, LLMs even provide more detailed explanation for incorrect answer than correct one. Overall, the current LLMs are not yet suitable for use in dental education and clinical diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"Pages 213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}