Pub Date : 2021-06-17DOI: 10.1002/9781119263739.ch1
H. Vashishtha, Anubhav Anand, Monti Kumar, Kunal Prakash, Rupesh kunal, G. Singh
There are various ways in which the power generation can be minimized & also the cost of generation, transmission and distribution can be reduced. Cost plays an vital role in the power system generation and distribution.For example:- Using Smart Grid reduces generation Cost & also Utilities the renewable energy generated by Solar and Wind. The main motive of Grid Connected Renewable Sources reduce the cost, utilizes the power in significant ways and protects the environment (it is Eco friendly) and proper use of renewable sources. (solar, wind etc) supplies the power to the Grid and through which the power is being transferred or distributed to the utility area or remote area where the electricity is needed and though which we indirectly gives the energy to the sources and our we earn the money by the help of the Net Metering.
{"title":"Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"H. Vashishtha, Anubhav Anand, Monti Kumar, Kunal Prakash, Rupesh kunal, G. Singh","doi":"10.1002/9781119263739.ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119263739.ch1","url":null,"abstract":"There are various ways in which the power generation can be minimized & also the cost of generation, transmission and distribution can be reduced. Cost plays an vital role in the power system generation and distribution.For example:- Using Smart Grid reduces generation Cost & also Utilities the renewable energy generated by Solar and Wind. The main motive of Grid Connected Renewable Sources reduce the cost, utilizes the power in significant ways and protects the environment (it is Eco friendly) and proper use of renewable sources. (solar, wind etc) supplies the power to the Grid and through which the power is being transferred or distributed to the utility area or remote area where the electricity is needed and though which we indirectly gives the energy to the sources and our we earn the money by the help of the Net Metering.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"49 1","pages":"1337-1342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya Patil, Omkar Kaingade, Sahil Pathan, Aishwarya Pise, P. Kale, R. Pukale
This study shows how to construct automated the power factor correction (APFC) system for single phase home loads in simple and low-cost manner. To adjust the power factor of inductive loads, the suggested a system employs a relay to swap the capacitor banks. An Arduino board is used to control Relay's switching. By detecting the signal from CT, PT, and Zero Cross Detectors (ZCDs), the Arduino is programmed to continuously monitor and calculate the power factor of the attaching the load, and to maintain the power factor of the load well above reference value (0.9) by properly energizing the capacitors in parallel to the attaching a load via Relay switching. Also on LCD, the power factor numbers, as well as the current before and after an improvement, are presented. The suggested APFC a design's a hardware prototype is also being built in order to test its functionality. The APFC system testing is verified that the proposed a design produces a dependable output and may be utilized in any single phase a practical application to assure a power factor near to one.
{"title":"Automatic power factor control using Arduino UNO","authors":"Aditya Patil, Omkar Kaingade, Sahil Pathan, Aishwarya Pise, P. Kale, R. Pukale","doi":"10.21090/ijaerd.88459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21090/ijaerd.88459","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows how to construct automated the power factor correction (APFC) system for single phase home loads in simple and low-cost manner. To adjust the power factor of inductive loads, the suggested a system employs a relay to swap the capacitor banks. An Arduino board is used to control Relay's switching. By detecting the signal from CT, PT, and Zero Cross Detectors (ZCDs), the Arduino is programmed to continuously monitor and calculate the power factor of the attaching the load, and to maintain the power factor of the load well above reference value (0.9) by properly energizing the capacitors in parallel to the attaching a load via Relay switching. Also on LCD, the power factor numbers, as well as the current before and after an improvement, are presented. The suggested APFC a design's a hardware prototype is also being built in order to test its functionality. The APFC system testing is verified that the proposed a design produces a dependable output and may be utilized in any single phase a practical application to assure a power factor near to one.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"71 1","pages":"1757-1762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79867057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18844/ijire.v8i1.6655
Zehra Ozcinar
Greetings, dear readers. We are thrilled to share with you, Volume 8 No. 1 (2020), publication of our highly acclaimed International Journal of Innovative Research in Education (IJIRE). This publication aims to present current approaches used in the learning and teaching process in education. The reviewers carefully selected high quality articles based on this aim. After a careful review process, three papers were selected, representing topics from Morocco, North Cyprus and India. The selected topics include the following: The diagnosis methods for the obstacles and difficulties in computer sciences of nursing students; Investigation of the cognitive, psychomotor, and social emotional progress in primary schools by directors’ ideas; Semi supervised machine learning approach for DDOS detection. We are delighted by the content of this issue and as such, we would like to thank all the contributors who made this publication a success. Dear reader, enjoy reading!! Best Regards Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra Ozcinar Teacher Training Academy, Editor-in-chief
{"title":"Message from the editor in chief","authors":"Zehra Ozcinar","doi":"10.18844/ijire.v8i1.6655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v8i1.6655","url":null,"abstract":"Greetings, dear readers. \u0000We are thrilled to share with you, Volume 8 No. 1 (2020), publication of our highly acclaimed International Journal of Innovative Research in Education (IJIRE). This publication aims to present current approaches used in the learning and teaching process in education. The reviewers carefully selected high quality articles based on this aim. \u0000After a careful review process, three papers were selected, representing topics from Morocco, North Cyprus and India. The selected topics include the following: The diagnosis methods for the obstacles and difficulties in computer sciences of nursing students; Investigation of the cognitive, psychomotor, and social emotional progress in primary schools by directors’ ideas; Semi supervised machine learning approach for DDOS detection. \u0000We are delighted by the content of this issue and as such, we would like to thank all the contributors who made this publication a success. Dear reader, enjoy reading!! \u0000Best Regards \u0000Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra Ozcinar Teacher Training Academy, \u0000Editor-in-chief","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74352916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5470
Gabriella Kovács
As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, the education sector faced a major challenge, struggling to provide continuity by shifting to online teaching and learning. This study presents the process of the shift to online teaching and practice in language teacher training, working with a group of translation and interpretation students enrolled in a teacher training programme as well. With the help of an interview, we asked our students to reflect on their personal experience related to the following issues: advantages and disadvantages of online and offline language teaching; eventual changes in student autonomy; changes in the role of the teacher; future perspectives of language teaching following the shift to online education; and the difficulties they encountered in this period. We intend to use the results in designing an up-to-date curriculum for language teacher training, considering possible paradigm shifts in language teaching in the near future. Keywords: Online, language teaching; blended learning; adaptive learning; teacher training.
{"title":"Online language teacher training – Challenges and new perspectives","authors":"Gabriella Kovács","doi":"10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5470","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, the education sector faced a major challenge, struggling to provide continuity by shifting to online teaching and learning. This study presents the process of the shift to online teaching and practice in language teacher training, working with a group of translation and interpretation students enrolled in a teacher training programme as well. With the help of an interview, we asked our students to reflect on their personal experience related to the following issues: advantages and disadvantages of online and offline language teaching; eventual changes in student autonomy; changes in the role of the teacher; future perspectives of language teaching following the shift to online education; and the difficulties they encountered in this period. We intend to use the results in designing an up-to-date curriculum for language teacher training, considering possible paradigm shifts in language teaching in the near future.\u0000Keywords: Online, language teaching; blended learning; adaptive learning; teacher training.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81664626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5469
Fetemeh Farahmand Rad, Atefeh Ferdosipour
School is one of the most important social-educational institutions and the main pillar of formal education. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ personality and anxiety level of female students in Isar Elementary School, District 12, Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study included all-female teachers (N = 6) and all-female students (N = 180). Tehran during 2018–2019. 60 students answered the Spence Children Anxiety Scale and all teachers answered the Neo personality inventory through a simple random sampling method. Spss16 software was used for data analysis. The correlation test results indicated a correlation between teachers’ personality traits and students' anxiety, personality traits can predict anxiety. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse relationship between student agreeableness and anxiety. The paper concluded that as the level of conscientiousness increases, the students’ anxiety decreases. Keywords: Personality traits, anxiety, teachers, female students, correlation.
{"title":"The correlation between teacher's personality and level of student's anxiety","authors":"Fetemeh Farahmand Rad, Atefeh Ferdosipour","doi":"10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5469","url":null,"abstract":"School is one of the most important social-educational institutions and the main pillar of formal education. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ personality and anxiety level of female students in Isar Elementary School, District 12, Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study included all-female teachers (N = 6) and all-female students (N = 180). Tehran during 2018–2019. 60 students answered the Spence Children Anxiety Scale and all teachers answered the Neo personality inventory through a simple random sampling method. Spss16 software was used for data analysis. The correlation test results indicated a correlation between teachers’ personality traits and students' anxiety, personality traits can predict anxiety. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse relationship between student agreeableness and anxiety. The paper concluded that as the level of conscientiousness increases, the students’ anxiety decreases.\u0000Keywords: Personality traits, anxiety, teachers, female students, correlation.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5431
M. Caligaris, Georgina Beatriz Rodraguez, Lorena Fernanda Laugero
The 2020 academic year began in an unusual way. After a week of traditional classes at San Nicolas Regional School, National Technological University, Argentina, teachers and students had to go into a mandatory lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to discuss the experience and show the obtained results in a Numerical Analysis course of an engineering career. An online alternative was designed for the Numerical Analysis courses, and the second week of the course, the tasks in the virtual classroom started. The content of each module was presented in a series of lessons and weekly assignments were proposed throughout the semester. Students had to sit for two assessments, covering two topics each, as was usually done in face-to-face classes. The experience was demanding, for both professors and students, but good outcomes were achieved. This paper recommends that everyone involved in teaching and learning has had to adapt, given the circumstances. Keywords: Numerical Analysis, online course, assessment, home-classroom, semester.
{"title":"A semester of home-classroom","authors":"M. Caligaris, Georgina Beatriz Rodraguez, Lorena Fernanda Laugero","doi":"10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/ijire.v7i2.5431","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 academic year began in an unusual way. After a week of traditional classes at San Nicolas Regional School, National Technological University, Argentina, teachers and students had to go into a mandatory lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to discuss the experience and show the obtained results in a Numerical Analysis course of an engineering career. An online alternative was designed for the Numerical Analysis courses, and the second week of the course, the tasks in the virtual classroom started. The content of each module was presented in a series of lessons and weekly assignments were proposed throughout the semester. Students had to sit for two assessments, covering two topics each, as was usually done in face-to-face classes. The experience was demanding, for both professors and students, but good outcomes were achieved. This paper recommends that everyone involved in teaching and learning has had to adapt, given the circumstances.\u0000Keywords: Numerical Analysis, online course, assessment, home-classroom, semester.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79249513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.18844/IJIRE.V7I1.5548
Huseyin Tehdit
The aim of this study was to identify the ideas of the directors about the progress of cognitive, psychomotor and social-emotional skills of the primary fifth-grade teaching programme. This study is qualitative and it is conducted by case study and intertwined case patterns. A total of 12 directors (7 principals and 5 assistant principals) participated in this study who are working in schools in Nicosia district. These schools are linked to the Ministry of Education. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analysed by content analysis. According to the results of this study, students studying in the fifth grade reached the teaching programme’s aims, i.e., 59.83% in the cognitive domain, 42.2% in the psychomotor domain and 76.52% in the social-emotional progress domain. The negative reasons of these results respectively are teachers, individual differences, teaching programme, curriculum incompatibility, lack of infrastructure and college exams. Keywords: Cognitive development, teaching programme, psychomotor development (motor), social-emotional development (affective).
{"title":"Investigation of cognitive, psychomotor and social emotional progress in primary schools by directors’ ideas","authors":"Huseyin Tehdit","doi":"10.18844/IJIRE.V7I1.5548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/IJIRE.V7I1.5548","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify the ideas of the directors about the progress of cognitive, psychomotor and social-emotional skills of the primary fifth-grade teaching programme. This study is qualitative and it is conducted by case study and intertwined case patterns. A total of 12 directors (7 principals and 5 assistant principals) participated in this study who are working in schools in Nicosia district. These schools are linked to the Ministry of Education. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analysed by content analysis. According to the results of this study, students studying in the fifth grade reached the teaching programme’s aims, i.e., 59.83% in the cognitive domain, 42.2% in the psychomotor domain and 76.52% in the social-emotional progress domain. The negative reasons of these results respectively are teachers, individual differences, teaching programme, curriculum incompatibility, lack of infrastructure and college exams. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Cognitive development, teaching programme, psychomotor development (motor), social-emotional development (affective).","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"529 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77894115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.17577/ijertv9is060193
Ankur Khade, Suraj Gusai, Mayur Adaskar, Vikas S. Jadhav, C. Choubey
Currently, automatic parking system is one of the major issues in a parking lot due to increase of personal vehicles, shortage of space and to avoid any roadblock. In this project PLC is used to sense the movement of cars as well as to control system. PLC operates stepper motors, proximity sensors and lamps.
{"title":"Automatic Car Parking System using PLC","authors":"Ankur Khade, Suraj Gusai, Mayur Adaskar, Vikas S. Jadhav, C. Choubey","doi":"10.17577/ijertv9is060193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is060193","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, automatic parking system is one of the major issues in a parking lot due to increase of personal vehicles, shortage of space and to avoid any roadblock. In this project PLC is used to sense the movement of cars as well as to control system. PLC operates stepper motors, proximity sensors and lamps.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"115 1","pages":"2157-2162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85264254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic levitation system is operated primarily based at the principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion to levitate the passengers and the train. However, magnetic levitation trains are rather nonlinear and open loop unstable which makes it hard to govern. In this paper, investigation, design and control of a nonlinear Maglev train based on NARMA-L2, model reference and predictive controllers. The response of the Maglev train with the proposed controllers for the precise role of a Magnetic levitation machine have been as compared for a step input signal. The simulation consequences prove that the Maglev teach system with NARMA-L2 controller suggests the quality performance in adjusting the precise function of the system and the device improves the experience consolation and street managing criteria.
{"title":"Comparison of Neural Network Based Controllers for Nonlinear EMS Magnetic Levitation Train","authors":"Mustefa Jibril, Eliyas Alemayehu, Mesay Tadesse Dumecha","doi":"10.7176/cti/10-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cti/10-02","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic levitation system is operated primarily based at the principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion to levitate the passengers and the train. However, magnetic levitation trains are rather nonlinear and open loop unstable which makes it hard to govern. In this paper, investigation, design and control of a nonlinear Maglev train based on NARMA-L2, model reference and predictive controllers. The response of the Maglev train with the proposed controllers for the precise role of a Magnetic levitation machine have been as compared for a step input signal. The simulation consequences prove that the Maglev teach system with NARMA-L2 controller suggests the quality performance in adjusting the precise function of the system and the device improves the experience consolation and street managing criteria.","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"27 1","pages":"801-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87546986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.18844/IJIRE.V6I2.4493
Recep Onal
In this paper, the formation of the Caliphate, which emerged as a scientific discipline by Mu‘tazila in Hijri 2nd Century, the general situation and basic features of the Ottoman education system up to the 16th century and the works of Kalām taught in madrasas are examined. This study is a descriptive and comparative study. This research will use the classical soruces of the history of Islam, the history of sects in islams and kalam. In spite of some unfavorable reactions which have been exhibited against Ilm al-Kalām since the earliest period of the Ottoman period, Ilm al-Kalām has been able to enter the curriculum of the Ottoman madrasas and become a knowledge discipline favored by the Ottoman sultans and their ʿulamās. The most important contributor to this was the Ottoman sultans, who showed great interest in science, valued the freedom of thought and belief, and provided free thinking and working environment in the Kalām and philosophical areas. In this respect, the Ottoman lands became a science and culture center and a great deal of scholars have been trained in scientific and religious areas up to the 16th century, and in these areas, they produced lots of precious works. Among these works, there are not only independent studies on akaid and Kalām but also works belonging to other disciplines which study the fields of faith, worship and morality together. Ilm al-Kalām came to the fore in the Ottoman education system with the help of these scholars who interested in Ilm al-Kalām. Through the middle of the 16th century, the importance given to the education of Kalām was decreased due to a number of reasons and Kalām was replaced by fiqh. The Anti-Kalām thought reached such a point that many books on Kalām theology had been removed from the madrasah course curriculum and some scholars gave fatwas that say that learning Kalām was forbidden. The findings state that the science of Kalam was considered important until 16th century after which it has lost its importance in the educational system. This caused the loss the culture of criticism and the philosophical though has been ignored. Key Words: Ottoman, Kalām, Philosophy, Ahl al-Sunna, Madrasah
{"title":"The General situation of ilm al-kalām in the Ottoman educational system up to the 16th century","authors":"Recep Onal","doi":"10.18844/IJIRE.V6I2.4493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18844/IJIRE.V6I2.4493","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the formation of the Caliphate, which emerged as a scientific discipline by Mu‘tazila in Hijri 2nd Century, the general situation and basic features of the Ottoman education system up to the 16th century and the works of Kalām taught in madrasas are examined. This study is a descriptive and comparative study. This research will use the classical soruces of the history of Islam, the history of sects in islams and kalam. In spite of some unfavorable reactions which have been exhibited against Ilm al-Kalām since the earliest period of the Ottoman period, Ilm al-Kalām has been able to enter the curriculum of the Ottoman madrasas and become a knowledge discipline favored by the Ottoman sultans and their ʿulamās. The most important contributor to this was the Ottoman sultans, who showed great interest in science, valued the freedom of thought and belief, and provided free thinking and working environment in the Kalām and philosophical areas. In this respect, the Ottoman lands became a science and culture center and a great deal of scholars have been trained in scientific and religious areas up to the 16th century, and in these areas, they produced lots of precious works. Among these works, there are not only independent studies on akaid and Kalām but also works belonging to other disciplines which study the fields of faith, worship and morality together. Ilm al-Kalām came to the fore in the Ottoman education system with the help of these scholars who interested in Ilm al-Kalām. Through the middle of the 16th century, the importance given to the education of Kalām was decreased due to a number of reasons and Kalām was replaced by fiqh. The Anti-Kalām thought reached such a point that many books on Kalām theology had been removed from the madrasah course curriculum and some scholars gave fatwas that say that learning Kalām was forbidden. The findings state that the science of Kalam was considered important until 16th century after which it has lost its importance in the educational system. This caused the loss the culture of criticism and the philosophical though has been ignored. \u0000Key Words: Ottoman, Kalām, Philosophy, Ahl al-Sunna, Madrasah","PeriodicalId":13793,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85960564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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