We examine how two interventions designed to curtail prescription opioid misuse, the reformulation of OxyContin and the implementation of must‐access prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), affected child abuse and neglect. Our results suggest that counties with greater initial rates of prescription opioid usage experienced relatively larger increases in substantiated child abuse and neglect subsequent to OxyContin’s reformulation. We also find larger increases in child abuse and neglect after must‐access PDMP implementation in counties with higher pre‐intervention exposure to opioids. Our results uncover unintended consequences of reducing the supply of an addictive good without adequate support (or alternatives) for dependent users.
{"title":"The Hazards of Unwinding the Prescription Opioid Epidemic: Implications for Child Abuse and Neglect","authors":"Mary F. Evans, M. Harris, L. Kessler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3582060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3582060","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how two interventions designed to curtail prescription opioid misuse, the reformulation of OxyContin and the implementation of must‐access prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), affected child abuse and neglect. Our results suggest that counties with greater initial rates of prescription opioid usage experienced relatively larger increases in substantiated child abuse and neglect subsequent to OxyContin’s reformulation. We also find larger increases in child abuse and neglect after must‐access PDMP implementation in counties with higher pre‐intervention exposure to opioids. Our results uncover unintended consequences of reducing the supply of an addictive good without adequate support (or alternatives) for dependent users.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128667045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical professionals are treated as next to God. They provide humanitarian services and gives solace to individuals suffering from various diseases and disorders. Due to their great service to humanity, the doctors and medical professionals are treated with reverence and since the ancient times the medical profession has been considered as a noble profession. However with the passage of time, there has been a change in the doctor – patient relationship. During the last few decades a number of incidents have come to light in which the patients have suffered due to the error and inadvertent conduct of doctors. Due to the increasing conflicts and legal disputes between the doctors and patients, most of the legal systems have developed various rules and principles to deal with such inadvertent behavior of doctors. This has led to the development of a new branch of jurisprudence, i.e. medical negligence. Hence, any negligence on part of the medical professional would be treated as either a tort of negligence or a deficiency in service under Consumer Protection Act, 1986. In medical negligence cases either under tort of negligence or under Consumer Protection Act, 1986, the remedy is mainly damages. Generally assessing damages in case of negligence is an easy task. However assessing damages for the pain and other mental suffering is a herculean task. Generally, in medical negligence case there is an involvement of pain and mental suffering. The damages are assessed on the ground of loss suffered by the patient. Hence in every medical negligence case the patient is bound to prove the loss suffered by him due to the negligence of the defendant. It is to be noted that, under deficiency in medical service case a patient is not required to prove the loss. Thus in such cases assessing proper damages is not an easy task for consumer protection forums. The Supreme Court of India in a number of cases observed that, different courts and tribunals in the country after exercising judicial discretion in determining the amount of compensation in an inconsistent manner, which led to uncertainty and unpredictability, causing anxiety to the claimants and also leaving room for arbitrariness. The Court also emphasized about the need for a framework to identify just, fair, and adequate compensation in case of medical mishaps. Hence there is a need to have an appropriate framework and clear-cut rules to assess compensation in medical negligence cases. This paper examines the different methods of assessing compensation such as lump sum compensation; just and fair compensation and; multiplier method. It also tries to identify the problems involved in these methods of assessing damages and tries to propose a better framework for assessing damages in such cases.
{"title":"Determination of Damages in Medical Negligence Cases: An Overview","authors":"Dr. Aneesh V. Pillai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3579272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3579272","url":null,"abstract":"Medical professionals are treated as next to God. They provide humanitarian services and gives solace to individuals suffering from various diseases and disorders. Due to their great service to humanity, the doctors and medical professionals are treated with reverence and since the ancient times the medical profession has been considered as a noble profession. However with the passage of time, there has been a change in the doctor – patient relationship. During the last few decades a number of incidents have come to light in which the patients have suffered due to the error and inadvertent conduct of doctors. Due to the increasing conflicts and legal disputes between the doctors and patients, most of the legal systems have developed various rules and principles to deal with such inadvertent behavior of doctors. This has led to the development of a new branch of jurisprudence, i.e. medical negligence. Hence, any negligence on part of the medical professional would be treated as either a tort of negligence or a deficiency in service under Consumer Protection Act, 1986. \u0000 \u0000In medical negligence cases either under tort of negligence or under Consumer Protection Act, 1986, the remedy is mainly damages. Generally assessing damages in case of negligence is an easy task. However assessing damages for the pain and other mental suffering is a herculean task. Generally, in medical negligence case there is an involvement of pain and mental suffering. The damages are assessed on the ground of loss suffered by the patient. Hence in every medical negligence case the patient is bound to prove the loss suffered by him due to the negligence of the defendant. It is to be noted that, under deficiency in medical service case a patient is not required to prove the loss. Thus in such cases assessing proper damages is not an easy task for consumer protection forums. \u0000 \u0000The Supreme Court of India in a number of cases observed that, different courts and tribunals in the country after exercising judicial discretion in determining the amount of compensation in an inconsistent manner, which led to uncertainty and unpredictability, causing anxiety to the claimants and also leaving room for arbitrariness. The Court also emphasized about the need for a framework to identify just, fair, and adequate compensation in case of medical mishaps. Hence there is a need to have an appropriate framework and clear-cut rules to assess compensation in medical negligence cases. This paper examines the different methods of assessing compensation such as lump sum compensation; just and fair compensation and; multiplier method. It also tries to identify the problems involved in these methods of assessing damages and tries to propose a better framework for assessing damages in such cases.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117316344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the stability and usefulness of a human-in-the-loop caseload management method for COVID-19. This can control the balance between medical resource utilization and economic shutdown duration across significant scenario variation. It reduce the total cases by controlling the rate of spreading as groups cross the herd immunity threshold, and suggests late intervention has more effect on total cases than early intervention once containment has failed. Data as of April 11, 2020 show that flattening strategy for COVID-19 in both the world and the U.S. is working so well that a significantly effective removal of social distancing (aka unlock) at any time in the next few years, other than after widespread and effective vaccination, will produce a rebound overloading the healthcare system. For the world, by early April flattening was working so well that a world rebound could be projected in 2021 that would exceed in critical demand even the additional million or so ventilators requested by world governments. In the U.S., whose trajectory is somewhat ahead of the world, the projected rebound of a late year unlock is already greater than the current crisis projected peak. Most citizens are tacitly expecting much sooner rather than much later unlocks. Leaving economies locked down for a long time is its own catastrophe, especially for countries that cannot provide substantial economic aid to their citizens. An SIR-type model was used with clear parameters suitable for public information, and both tracking and predictive capabilities, and an additional simulation of a decision-maker on selected-day partial unlock designed mainly to manage ventilator or other critical resource utilization, to make sure they are neither idle nor over committed. Using certain days of the week, already practiced by some countries, is not a necessary part of the method, but was used in the simulation to give a highly quantified unlock scheme. It also helps restore economic activity. While the model shows total cumulative cases, and therefore deaths, declining initially with flattening, when flattening begins to produce large rebounds the death rate goes back up. Partial unlock to manage critical resources brings the cumulative cases down about 8-12% between now and the second half of 2021, and therefore saves lives with some degree of certainty.
{"title":"Partial unlock caseload management for COVID-19 can save 1-2 million lives worldwide","authors":"Robert L. Shuler, Theodore Koukouvitis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3575147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3575147","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the stability and usefulness of a human-in-the-loop caseload management method for COVID-19. This can control the balance between medical resource utilization and economic shutdown duration across significant scenario variation. It reduce the total cases by controlling the rate of spreading as groups cross the herd immunity threshold, and suggests late intervention has more effect on total cases than early intervention once containment has failed. Data as of April 11, 2020 show that flattening strategy for COVID-19 in both the world and the U.S. is working so well that a significantly effective removal of social distancing (aka unlock) at any time in the next few years, other than after widespread and effective vaccination, will produce a rebound overloading the healthcare system. For the world, by early April flattening was working so well that a world rebound could be projected in 2021 that would exceed in critical demand even the additional million or so ventilators requested by world governments. In the U.S., whose trajectory is somewhat ahead of the world, the projected rebound of a late year unlock is already greater than the current crisis projected peak. Most citizens are tacitly expecting much sooner rather than much later unlocks. Leaving economies locked down for a long time is its own catastrophe, especially for countries that cannot provide substantial economic aid to their citizens. An SIR-type model was used with clear parameters suitable for public information, and both tracking and predictive capabilities, and an additional simulation of a decision-maker on selected-day partial unlock designed mainly to manage ventilator or other critical resource utilization, to make sure they are neither idle nor over committed. Using certain days of the week, already practiced by some countries, is not a necessary part of the method, but was used in the simulation to give a highly quantified unlock scheme. It also helps restore economic activity. While the model shows total cumulative cases, and therefore deaths, declining initially with flattening, when flattening begins to produce large rebounds the death rate goes back up. Partial unlock to manage critical resources brings the cumulative cases down about 8-12% between now and the second half of 2021, and therefore saves lives with some degree of certainty.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129713047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has great adverse impacts on personal life, the U.S. economy, and the world economy. Freezing all human activities is not a sustainable measure. Thus we want to develop a public intervention framework that allows people to resume personal and economic activities. In this article, we examined transmission routes, disease severity, personal vulnerability, available treatments, and person-person interactions to establish a general public intervention framework. We divide people into risk groups, non-risk group and group that may serve as viral transmitters, explore interactions between individual persons within each group and between different groups, and propose interaction behavior modifications to mitigate viral exposures. For the non-risk groups, we identified preventive measures that can help them avoid the most serious exposures and infections that pose higher death risks. The invention measures for the vulnerable groups include prior-exposure measures, heightened protective measures, interaction behavior changes, post-exposure remedial measures, and multiple factors treatments to reduce death and disability risks. The multiple interventions and two-ways defensive behavior modifications are expected to result in reduced rate of detectable infections and lowered disease severity for the vulnerable groups. In this framework, most human activities and economic activities can continue as normal. With time passing, the population acquires population immunity against the COVID-19 virus. Implementation of this intervention framework requires considerable resources and governmental effects while the multiple factors treatment protocol requires the support of health care professionals.
{"title":"Public Health Intervention Framework for Reviving Economy Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Concept","authors":"Jianqing Wu, P. Zha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3571775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3571775","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has great adverse impacts on personal life, the U.S. economy, and the world economy. Freezing all human activities is not a sustainable measure. Thus we want to develop a public intervention framework that allows people to resume personal and economic activities. In this article, we examined transmission routes, disease severity, personal vulnerability, available treatments, and person-person interactions to establish a general public intervention framework. We divide people into risk groups, non-risk group and group that may serve as viral transmitters, explore interactions between individual persons within each group and between different groups, and propose interaction behavior modifications to mitigate viral exposures. For the non-risk groups, we identified preventive measures that can help them avoid the most serious exposures and infections that pose higher death risks. The invention measures for the vulnerable groups include prior-exposure measures, heightened protective measures, interaction behavior changes, post-exposure remedial measures, and multiple factors treatments to reduce death and disability risks. The multiple interventions and two-ways defensive behavior modifications are expected to result in reduced rate of detectable infections and lowered disease severity for the vulnerable groups. In this framework, most human activities and economic activities can continue as normal. With time passing, the population acquires population immunity against the COVID-19 virus. Implementation of this intervention framework requires considerable resources and governmental effects while the multiple factors treatment protocol requires the support of health care professionals.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124181595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the targeting effects of stricter screening in the Dutch Disability Insurance (DI) program induced by a major nationwide reform. The drastic 2003 "Gatekeeper Protocol" raised DI application costs and revealed more information about individual true ability to work. Discontinuity-in-Time regressions on administrative data show substantial declines in DI application rates (a 40% decrease in one year), with the largest decline occurring in difficult-todiagnose impairments and less severe health disorders. This resulted in a more deserving pool of applicants. At the same time, those who stopped applying had worse health, worked less, and were more likely to be on UI and social assistance than workers who did not apply in the old system. There are no additional targeting gains at the point of the award decision, implying that changes in average health conditions of awardees were fully driven by self-screening and work resumption in the DI waiting period.
{"title":"Application and Award Responses to Stricter Screening in Disability Insurance","authors":"M. Godard, P. Koning, M. Lindeboom","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569683","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the targeting effects of stricter screening in the Dutch Disability Insurance (DI) program induced by a major nationwide reform. The drastic 2003 \"Gatekeeper Protocol\" raised DI application costs and revealed more information about individual true ability to work. Discontinuity-in-Time regressions on administrative data show substantial declines in DI application rates (a 40% decrease in one year), with the largest decline occurring in difficult-todiagnose impairments and less severe health disorders. This resulted in a more deserving pool of applicants. At the same time, those who stopped applying had worse health, worked less, and were more likely to be on UI and social assistance than workers who did not apply in the old system. There are no additional targeting gains at the point of the award decision, implying that changes in average health conditions of awardees were fully driven by self-screening and work resumption in the DI waiting period.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121720936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemic analysis by dynamical modelling is a reliable and insightful way to analyse epidemiological data in order to extract key indicators about the outbreak and to make predictions on its future course. We develop a generalised SEIR model based on Peng et al. 2020 and estimate it on a national and regional level against the data published daily by the Italian Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. We find the inflection point for Italy to have been on the 21st of March, a plausible end date to be on the 14th of May and expect the total number of infected people to be between 155 thousand and 185 thousand people.
通过动态建模进行流行病分析是分析流行病学数据的一种可靠和有见地的方法，以便提取有关疫情的关键指标并对其未来进程作出预测。我们基于Peng et al. 2020开发了一个广义的SEIR模型，并根据意大利民政部门每天发布的数据在国家和地区层面进行估计。我们发现，意大利的拐点是3月21日，一个合理的结束日期是5月14日，预计感染总人数将在15.5万至18.5万人之间。
{"title":"Epidemic Analysis of COVID-19 in Italy by Dynamical Modelling","authors":"L. Mangoni, Marc J. Pistilli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567770","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemic analysis by dynamical modelling is a reliable and insightful way to analyse epidemiological data in order to extract key indicators about the outbreak and to make predictions on its future course. We develop a generalised SEIR model based on Peng et al. 2020 and estimate it on a national and regional level against the data published daily by the Italian Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. We find the inflection point for Italy to have been on the 21st of March, a plausible end date to be on the 14th of May and expect the total number of infected people to be between 155 thousand and 185 thousand people.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122719379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fee equalization in health care brings under a unique tariff several medical treatments, coded under different Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs). The aim is to improve healthcare quality and efficiency by discouraging unnecessary, but better-paid, treatments. We evaluate its effectiveness on childbirth procedures to reduce overuse of c-sections by equalizing the DRGs for vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Using data from Italy and a difference-in-differences approach, we show that setting an equal fee decreased c-sections by 2.6%. This improved the appropriateness of medical decisions, with more low-risk mothers delivering naturally and no significant changes in the incidence of complications for vaginal deliveries. Our analysis supports the effectiveness of fee equalization in avoiding c-sections, but highlights the marginal role of financial incentives in driving c-section overuse. The observed drop was only temporary and in about a year the use of c-sections went back to the initial level. We found a greater reduction in lower quality, more capacity-constrained hospitals. Moreover, the effect is driven by districts where the availability of Ob-Gyn specialists is higher and where women are predominant in the gender composition of Ob-Gyn specialists.
{"title":"Fee Equalization and Appropriate Health Care","authors":"Emilia Barili, P. Bertoli, V. Grembi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3688554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3688554","url":null,"abstract":"Fee equalization in health care brings under a unique tariff several medical treatments, coded under different Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs). The aim is to improve healthcare quality and efficiency by discouraging unnecessary, but better-paid, treatments. We evaluate its effectiveness on childbirth procedures to reduce overuse of c-sections by equalizing the DRGs for vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Using data from Italy and a difference-in-differences approach, we show that setting an equal fee decreased c-sections by 2.6%. This improved the appropriateness of medical decisions, with more low-risk mothers delivering naturally and no significant changes in the incidence of complications for vaginal deliveries. Our analysis supports the effectiveness of fee equalization in avoiding c-sections, but highlights the marginal role of financial incentives in driving c-section overuse. The observed drop was only temporary and in about a year the use of c-sections went back to the initial level. We found a greater reduction in lower quality, more capacity-constrained hospitals. Moreover, the effect is driven by districts where the availability of Ob-Gyn specialists is higher and where women are predominant in the gender composition of Ob-Gyn specialists.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Berger, K. Dąbrowski, J. Robinson, Adam Sales
As cases of novel coronavirus mount, the ability to conduct expeditious prevalence testing becomes paramount. A statistical approach to batched prevalence testing offers a more rapid and efficient means of monitoring at-risk populations.
{"title":"A Statistical Approach to Batched Prevalence Testing for Coronavirus","authors":"William Berger, K. Dąbrowski, J. Robinson, Adam Sales","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3564340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3564340","url":null,"abstract":"As cases of novel coronavirus mount, the ability to conduct expeditious prevalence testing becomes paramount. A statistical approach to batched prevalence testing offers a more rapid and efficient means of monitoring at-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133491973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rhoads, Darcy N. Brian, M.D., Robert F. Graboyes
The Healthcare Openness and Access Project (HOAP) is a collection of state-by-state comparative data on the flexibility and discretion that US patients and providers have in seeking and delivering healthcare. HOAP combines these data to produce 41 indicators of openness and accessibility. In turn, these indicators are aggregated into 5 broad categories (Professional Regulation, Institutional Regulation, Patient Regulation, Payment Regulation, and Delivery Regulation), which in combination form the overall HOAP index. In addition, there are 7 indicators grouped under the title “Watchlist�?—variables worth tracking, but not incorporated at this time into the categories or overall index. The indicators, categories, and overall index are all scored on a 1-to-5 Likert scale. Using the data provided on HOAP’s website, readers may adjust the weight given to each indicator to custom-build subjective measures and rankings that differ from the ones presented in this paper. The authors have substantially revised and expanded the list of indicators since HOAP 2016 and HOAP 2018, as well as revising some of the previous data. In addition, HOAP 2020 replaces the previous 10 subindexes with 5 new categories. Therefore, the 2020 rankings are not directly comparable with prior HOAP rankings.
{"title":"Healthcare Openness and Access Project 2020 (prerelease)","authors":"J. Rhoads, Darcy N. Brian, M.D., Robert F. Graboyes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3561200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561200","url":null,"abstract":"The Healthcare Openness and Access Project (HOAP) is a collection of state-by-state comparative data on the flexibility and discretion that US patients and providers have in seeking and delivering healthcare. HOAP combines these data to produce 41 indicators of openness and accessibility. In turn, these indicators are aggregated into 5 broad categories (Professional Regulation, Institutional Regulation, Patient Regulation, Payment Regulation, and Delivery Regulation), which in combination form the overall HOAP index. In addition, there are 7 indicators grouped under the title “Watchlist�?—variables worth tracking, but not incorporated at this time into the categories or overall index. The indicators, categories, and overall index are all scored on a 1-to-5 Likert scale. Using the data provided on HOAP’s website, readers may adjust the weight given to each indicator to custom-build subjective measures and rankings that differ from the ones presented in this paper. The authors have substantially revised and expanded the list of indicators since HOAP 2016 and HOAP 2018, as well as revising some of the previous data. In addition, HOAP 2020 replaces the previous 10 subindexes with 5 new categories. Therefore, the 2020 rankings are not directly comparable with prior HOAP rankings.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A famous quote says “Health is wealth” and one of the major causes of concern for our society. It is also a major sector that comprises of economy of any country. Since the ages several evolutions have been made in the healthcare industry but there is a large impact of latest technology and trends in the medical industry. This paper discusses that how healthcare system has evolved during last few decades and how can we implement new technologies to improve healthcare systems.
{"title":"Improving Healthcare with the Help of Blockchain","authors":"P. Johri, Avneesh Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3555642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555642","url":null,"abstract":"A famous quote says “Health is wealth” and one of the major causes of concern for our society. It is also a major sector that comprises of economy of any country. Since the ages several evolutions have been made in the healthcare industry but there is a large impact of latest technology and trends in the medical industry. This paper discusses that how healthcare system has evolved during last few decades and how can we implement new technologies to improve healthcare systems.","PeriodicalId":137980,"journal":{"name":"Public Health eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121065300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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