The growing development of technology has had an impact on many sectors particularly business, communication, education and agriculture. In addition to its popularity, technology has brought many new concepts to the use of sectors, most of the important of which are cloud computing, artificial intelligence and cryptocurrencies. While the opportunities and concepts provided by technology have destroyed the existing job opportunities, they also introduced many positive opportunities like artificial intelligence, which can be considered as one of such positive innovations. The OECD artificial intelligence data of G7 countries and Turkey were used within the scope of this study. This study analyses the investment opportunities in agriculture and other sectors based on the artificial intelligence data. In addition to this study, both country-based and sectoral comparisons were made respectively. As a result, AI investments in the agricultural sector are generally at a lower level than other sectors. According to the analysis results, countries such as Türkiye and Canada are the countries that invest the most in the agricultural sector. This may reflect these countries' interest in agricultural potential and agricultural technology.
{"title":"The impact of sectors on agriculture based on artificial intelligence data: a case study on G7 countries and Turkiye","authors":"Ersin Çağlar","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The growing development of technology has had an impact on many sectors particularly business, communication, education and agriculture. In addition to its popularity, technology has brought many new concepts to the use of sectors, most of the important of which are cloud computing, artificial intelligence and cryptocurrencies. While the opportunities and concepts provided by technology have destroyed the existing job opportunities, they also introduced many positive opportunities like artificial intelligence, which can be considered as one of such positive innovations. The OECD artificial intelligence data of G7 countries and Turkey were used within the scope of this study. This study analyses the investment opportunities in agriculture and other sectors based on the artificial intelligence data. In addition to this study, both country-based and sectoral comparisons were made respectively. As a result, AI investments in the agricultural sector are generally at a lower level than other sectors. According to the analysis results, countries such as Türkiye and Canada are the countries that invest the most in the agricultural sector. This may reflect these countries' interest in agricultural potential and agricultural technology.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.21
Yusuf Arslan, Mustafa Yaşar, Berfin İşler, Sefa Ünal, I. Subaşı
The negative effects of global warming are increasing worldwide and this increase is expected to continue. The camelina plant, which can be grown in marginal areas, stands out among other oilseed plants because it is drought-resistant and less costly. In the research, seeds belonging to 8 camelina genotypes, which were prominent in terms of oil rate, seed and oil yield, were used in the trial established in Bolu province, out of a total of 52 genotypes obtained from the seed bank of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and Germany. The study was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design in Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Field in the 2021-2022 production season. In the trait, each plot consisted of six rows with a row length of 3 m, a row spacing of 20 cm, and in row of 5 cm, with three replications. According to the research results; plant height 66.33-71.00 cm, number of branches 3.17-5.07 number plant-1, 1000 seed weight 1.10-1.24 g, seed yield 1095.4-1436.6 kg ha-1, oil content 36.63-40.37%, protein content 23.65-27.22%, oil yield 408.3-559.8 kg ha-1 and protein yield 279.0-391.3 kg ha-1. It was found that values between. According to the results obtained from the study, the K52 genotype in terms of seed yield, the K11 genotype in terms of oil rate and the K52 genotype in terms of protein rate came to the fore.
{"title":"Yield and yield components of some advanced Camelina (Camelina sativa L. CRANTZ) genotypes in Bolu ecological conditions","authors":"Yusuf Arslan, Mustafa Yaşar, Berfin İşler, Sefa Ünal, I. Subaşı","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"The negative effects of global warming are increasing worldwide and this increase is expected to continue. The camelina plant, which can be grown in marginal areas, stands out among other oilseed plants because it is drought-resistant and less costly. In the research, seeds belonging to 8 camelina genotypes, which were prominent in terms of oil rate, seed and oil yield, were used in the trial established in Bolu province, out of a total of 52 genotypes obtained from the seed bank of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and Germany. The study was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design in Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Field in the 2021-2022 production season. In the trait, each plot consisted of six rows with a row length of 3 m, a row spacing of 20 cm, and in row of 5 cm, with three replications. According to the research results; plant height 66.33-71.00 cm, number of branches 3.17-5.07 number plant-1, 1000 seed weight 1.10-1.24 g, seed yield 1095.4-1436.6 kg ha-1, oil content 36.63-40.37%, protein content 23.65-27.22%, oil yield 408.3-559.8 kg ha-1 and protein yield 279.0-391.3 kg ha-1. It was found that values between. According to the results obtained from the study, the K52 genotype in terms of seed yield, the K11 genotype in terms of oil rate and the K52 genotype in terms of protein rate came to the fore.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.23
A. Özkök, Murat Selcuk
This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding shilajit to the diet of honey bees on semen freezing. A total of 5 groups were formed in the research, one of which was a control group (SH-0) and the other four were an experimental group (SH-1, SH-2, SH-3, SH-4). A total of 25 study colonies were used, 5 in each group. While the SH-0 group was formed without using any additives, the experimental groups were fed with the addition of shilajit (1/1 sugar/water) in different doses (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L) to the honey bee diet. The collected semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Then, semen samples were thawed at 37°C and evaluated to determine spermatological parameters (motility, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, spermatozoa concentration). It was also examined in terms of total oxidant and total antioxidant. Compared to the control group, it was determined that all shilajit doses significantly increased spermatological parameters such as motility, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome integrity (p<0.001), but did not significantly affect the spermatozoa concentration value (p >0.05). Although there is no statistical difference between the groups in terms of semen TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) and TOS (Total Oxidant Status) values, which are oxidative stress parameters, the numerical increase in TAS values in SH-2 and SH-3 groups; striking. As a result, it was determined that adding shijajit to the honey bee diet positively affected the post-thawing spermatological parameters of frozen bee semen.
{"title":"Effects of shilajit addition to honey bee diet on semen freezing","authors":"A. Özkök, Murat Selcuk","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding shilajit to the diet of honey bees on semen freezing. A total of 5 groups were formed in the research, one of which was a control group (SH-0) and the other four were an experimental group (SH-1, SH-2, SH-3, SH-4). A total of 25 study colonies were used, 5 in each group. While the SH-0 group was formed without using any additives, the experimental groups were fed with the addition of shilajit (1/1 sugar/water) in different doses (5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L) to the honey bee diet. The collected semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and then stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Then, semen samples were thawed at 37°C and evaluated to determine spermatological parameters (motility, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, spermatozoa concentration). It was also examined in terms of total oxidant and total antioxidant. Compared to the control group, it was determined that all shilajit doses significantly increased spermatological parameters such as motility, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome integrity (p<0.001), but did not significantly affect the spermatozoa concentration value (p >0.05). Although there is no statistical difference between the groups in terms of semen TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) and TOS (Total Oxidant Status) values, which are oxidative stress parameters, the numerical increase in TAS values in SH-2 and SH-3 groups; striking. As a result, it was determined that adding shijajit to the honey bee diet positively affected the post-thawing spermatological parameters of frozen bee semen.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140393278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.22
Mehmet Zeki Koçak
Among industrial crops, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a multi-purpose crop grown for production of stem fiber and seed oil. Through longterm domestication for these purposes, cultivated flax has diversified into two main types, namely fiber and oil or linseed types, as well as an intermediate type. This study was designed to investigate the effect of flax fibers of flax varieties (Antares, Dakota and Mures) in field and greenhouse cultivation on fiber mechanical performances, morphological properties and fatty acid composition in flaxseed was investigated. Additionally, plants can change their morphology and mechanical properties when exposed to stress, as is particularly the case when plants respond to wind, a phenomenon known as seismomorphogenesis. Greenhouse plants were found to be significantly lower than field grown plants, with an increase of 16.79cm in technical stem length and 56.02cm in technical stem height. In addition, the total plant height of flax grown in the field was 59.33 cm compared to 17.32 cm in the greenhouse. The Mures variety was found to be the highest both in the field (79.50-76.10cm) and in the greenhouse (18.36-17.47cm). Considering the fatty acid percentages, the highest α-linolenic acid was found in Dakota (29.23%) and the lowest in Antares (20.53%) in the field, while the highest was found in Dakota (19.25%) and the lowest in Mures (16.13%) in the greenhouse. In addition, the highest tensile strength was found in Dakota (704.6 Mpa) and the closest Antares (692.2 Mpa) under field conditions, while the lowest was found in Dakota (198.5 Mpa) and Mures varieties (288.8 Mpa) under greenhouse conditions. In order to reduce the dimension, correlate and visualize the measured parameters, the relevant data of the study were subjected to principal component analysis and heat-map clustering.
{"title":"How growing conditions are influential on the agronomic attributes and fiber-related quality parameters of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibers: A seismomorphogenesis approach","authors":"Mehmet Zeki Koçak","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Among industrial crops, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a multi-purpose crop grown for production of stem fiber and seed oil. Through longterm domestication for these purposes, cultivated flax has diversified into two main types, namely fiber and oil or linseed types, as well as an intermediate type. This study was designed to investigate the effect of flax fibers of flax varieties (Antares, Dakota and Mures) in field and greenhouse cultivation on fiber mechanical performances, morphological properties and fatty acid composition in flaxseed was investigated. Additionally, plants can change their morphology and mechanical properties when exposed to stress, as is particularly the case when plants respond to wind, a phenomenon known as seismomorphogenesis. Greenhouse plants were found to be significantly lower than field grown plants, with an increase of 16.79cm in technical stem length and 56.02cm in technical stem height. In addition, the total plant height of flax grown in the field was 59.33 cm compared to 17.32 cm in the greenhouse. The Mures variety was found to be the highest both in the field (79.50-76.10cm) and in the greenhouse (18.36-17.47cm). Considering the fatty acid percentages, the highest α-linolenic acid was found in Dakota (29.23%) and the lowest in Antares (20.53%) in the field, while the highest was found in Dakota (19.25%) and the lowest in Mures (16.13%) in the greenhouse. In addition, the highest tensile strength was found in Dakota (704.6 Mpa) and the closest Antares (692.2 Mpa) under field conditions, while the lowest was found in Dakota (198.5 Mpa) and Mures varieties (288.8 Mpa) under greenhouse conditions. In order to reduce the dimension, correlate and visualize the measured parameters, the relevant data of the study were subjected to principal component analysis and heat-map clustering.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grapes are among the most commonly produced fruits worldwide, thanks to their ease of cultivation in terms of climate and soil requirements. Owing to their abundant vitamins, bioactive compounds and minerals incorporating them into one’s diet is advised for promoting human health. The bioactive components of ultrasound-treated white grape juice were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, untreated white grape juice (C-WGJ), ultrasound treated white grape juice (U-WGJ) and thermally pasteurized white grape juice (P-WGJ) samples were compared for total phenolics compound (mg GAE/L), total flavonoids (mg CE/L) and DPPH (% Inhibition) parameters. The scientific investigation employed RSM, a widely favored approach. During the study, ultrasound process parameters such as amplitude (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%) and duration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes) were manipulated. The responses to the process application were assessed through analyses of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl). The model achieved commendably high R2 values following optimization through RSM. One-way ANOVA for DPPH value, TFC and TPC of samples, both amplitude and duration exhibited statistically significant effects (p<0.001). The effectiveness of ultrasound treatment in increasing bioactive components in untreated white grape juice is higher than thermal pasteurization treatment. Through the optimization process, the best bioactive values for white grape juice were achieved, measuring 42.3 mg CE/L for TFC, 55.5% inhibition for DPPH and 440.3 mg GAE/L for TPC. Ultrasound applied to white grape juice proved to be more effective in preserving and enhancing bioactive compounds than thermal pasteurization. Consequently, the findings suggest the need for further investigations to assess the impacts of both thermal pasteurization and ultrasound technology on additional quality parameters of white grape juice.
{"title":"Optimization of bioactive components of ultrasound treated white grape juice","authors":"Melikenur Türkol, Nazan Tokatlı Demirok, Seydi Yıkmış, Behiye İncisu Aydoğdu","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes are among the most commonly produced fruits worldwide, thanks to their ease of cultivation in terms of climate and soil requirements. Owing to their abundant vitamins, bioactive compounds and minerals incorporating them into one’s diet is advised for promoting human health. The bioactive components of ultrasound-treated white grape juice were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, untreated white grape juice (C-WGJ), ultrasound treated white grape juice (U-WGJ) and thermally pasteurized white grape juice (P-WGJ) samples were compared for total phenolics compound (mg GAE/L), total flavonoids (mg CE/L) and DPPH (% Inhibition) parameters. The scientific investigation employed RSM, a widely favored approach. During the study, ultrasound process parameters such as amplitude (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%) and duration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes) were manipulated. The responses to the process application were assessed through analyses of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl). The model achieved commendably high R2 values following optimization through RSM. One-way ANOVA for DPPH value, TFC and TPC of samples, both amplitude and duration exhibited statistically significant effects (p<0.001). The effectiveness of ultrasound treatment in increasing bioactive components in untreated white grape juice is higher than thermal pasteurization treatment. Through the optimization process, the best bioactive values for white grape juice were achieved, measuring 42.3 mg CE/L for TFC, 55.5% inhibition for DPPH and 440.3 mg GAE/L for TPC. Ultrasound applied to white grape juice proved to be more effective in preserving and enhancing bioactive compounds than thermal pasteurization. Consequently, the findings suggest the need for further investigations to assess the impacts of both thermal pasteurization and ultrasound technology on additional quality parameters of white grape juice.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.17
Polat İpek, Ayşe Baran, A. Hatipoğlu, M. Baran
The search for alternative methods in cancer treatments has been going on for many years. In the current study conducted for this purpose, selenium nanoparticles (ML-SeNPs) were produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. easily and inexpensively, without harming the environment. The anticancer potential of ML-SeNPs on glioblastoma cell (U373), osteosarcoma cell (U2OS), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) test. For the test, ML-SeNPs were applied at 100, 300, and 600 µg/mL levels and interaction was provided for 24 and 48 hours. The survival rates (%) in RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines in the 24-hour application were 107.49-98.89, 97.66-86.82, and 87.81-83.37, respectively. The viability rates (%) of the cells in 48 hours of application were 72.27-87.39, 68.17-73.48, and 81.00-84.67, respectively. In general, it was discovered that the cytotoxic effect of ML-SeNPs on RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines was greater at low doses and increased over time. In-vivo studies that support the antiproliferative action of ML-SeNPs may boost the prospect of using them as therapeutic agents in potential cancer treatment procedures in the following years.
{"title":"Cytotoxic potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) derived from leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L.","authors":"Polat İpek, Ayşe Baran, A. Hatipoğlu, M. Baran","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The search for alternative methods in cancer treatments has been going on for many years. In the current study conducted for this purpose, selenium nanoparticles (ML-SeNPs) were produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. easily and inexpensively, without harming the environment. The anticancer potential of ML-SeNPs on glioblastoma cell (U373), osteosarcoma cell (U2OS), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) test. For the test, ML-SeNPs were applied at 100, 300, and 600 µg/mL levels and interaction was provided for 24 and 48 hours. The survival rates (%) in RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines in the 24-hour application were 107.49-98.89, 97.66-86.82, and 87.81-83.37, respectively. The viability rates (%) of the cells in 48 hours of application were 72.27-87.39, 68.17-73.48, and 81.00-84.67, respectively. In general, it was discovered that the cytotoxic effect of ML-SeNPs on RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines was greater at low doses and increased over time. In-vivo studies that support the antiproliferative action of ML-SeNPs may boost the prospect of using them as therapeutic agents in potential cancer treatment procedures in the following years.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"30 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.19
E. Kahya, Y. Aslan
Robotic systems have become essential in the industrial field today. Robotic systems used in many areas of industry enable the development of mechanization of agriculture. Researches in recent years have focused on the introduction of automatic systems and robot prototypes in the field of agriculture in order to reduce production costs. The developed smart harvest robots are systems that can work uninterrupted for hours and guarantee minimum cost and high production. The main element of these systems is the determination of the location of the product to be harvested by image processing. In addition to the programs used for image processing, deep learning models have become popular today. Deep learning techniques offer high accuracy in analyzing and processing agricultural data. Due to this feature, the use of deep learning techniques in agriculture is becoming increasingly widespread. During the harvest of the artichoke, its head should generally be cut off with one or two leaves. One main head and usually two side heads occur from one shoot. Harvest maturity degree is the time when the heads reach 2/3 of their size, depending on the variety character. In this study, classification was made by using the deep learning method, considering the head size of the fruit. YOLOv5 (nano-small-medium and large models) was used for the deep learning method. All metric values of the models were examined. It was observed that the most successful model was the model trained with the YOLOv5n algorithm, 640x640 sized images with 20 Batch, 90 Epoch. Model values results were examined as “metrics/precision”, “metrics/recall”, “metrics/mAP_0.5” and “metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95”. These are key metrics that measure the detection success of a model and indicate the performance of the relevant model on the validation dataset. It was determined that the metric data of the “YOLOv5 nano” model was higher compared to other models. The measured value was Model 1= Size: 640x640, Batch: 20, Epoch: 90, Algorithm: YOLOv5n. Hence, it was understood that “Model 1” was the best detection model to be used in separating artichokes from branches in robotic artichoke harvesting.
{"title":"Detection of artichoke on seedling based on YOLOV5 model","authors":"E. Kahya, Y. Aslan","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic systems have become essential in the industrial field today. Robotic systems used in many areas of industry enable the development of mechanization of agriculture. Researches in recent years have focused on the introduction of automatic systems and robot prototypes in the field of agriculture in order to reduce production costs. The developed smart harvest robots are systems that can work uninterrupted for hours and guarantee minimum cost and high production. The main element of these systems is the determination of the location of the product to be harvested by image processing. In addition to the programs used for image processing, deep learning models have become popular today. Deep learning techniques offer high accuracy in analyzing and processing agricultural data. Due to this feature, the use of deep learning techniques in agriculture is becoming increasingly widespread. During the harvest of the artichoke, its head should generally be cut off with one or two leaves. One main head and usually two side heads occur from one shoot. Harvest maturity degree is the time when the heads reach 2/3 of their size, depending on the variety character. In this study, classification was made by using the deep learning method, considering the head size of the fruit. YOLOv5 (nano-small-medium and large models) was used for the deep learning method. All metric values of the models were examined. It was observed that the most successful model was the model trained with the YOLOv5n algorithm, 640x640 sized images with 20 Batch, 90 Epoch. Model values results were examined as “metrics/precision”, “metrics/recall”, “metrics/mAP_0.5” and “metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95”. These are key metrics that measure the detection success of a model and indicate the performance of the relevant model on the validation dataset. It was determined that the metric data of the “YOLOv5 nano” model was higher compared to other models. The measured value was Model 1= Size: 640x640, Batch: 20, Epoch: 90, Algorithm: YOLOv5n. Hence, it was understood that “Model 1” was the best detection model to be used in separating artichokes from branches in robotic artichoke harvesting.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"18 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140397209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.18
Meryem Ateş, Gürsel HATAT KARACA
In this study, antagonistic effects of Pythium acanthophoron, P. lycopersicum, P. oligandrum and P. paroecandrum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Botrytis cinerea were investigated by in vitro and in vivo trials. In vitro mycoparasitic activities of Pythium species were determined by dual culture, inverted plate culture and agar diffusion tests. As a result of dual culture tests, suppressive effects of all mycoparasites were over 70% against mycelial growth of the pathogens. Inverted plate tests showed that antagonistic effects of mycoparasites regarding their volatile compounds were rather low. In the agar diffusion test, all mycoparasites showed antibiosis effect, however P. lycopersicum had the highest suppressive effect on both pathogens. In pot trials, mycoparasites were effective to protect tomato seedlings when pathogens were seperately inoculated, and suppressed the symptoms. When two pathogens were inoculated together, P. paroecandrum was ineffective against B. cinerea, but decreased the severity of wilt symptoms, while other mycoparasites totally inhibited both diseases. Chromatographic analyses made by using leaf samples taken 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after pathogen inoculation showed meaningful increase on chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and epicatechine, in the samples taken 48 hours after inoculation. Analyses after the inoculations of tomatoes with the mycoparasites and/or pathogens showed that mycoparasites also caused increase in the amounts of phenolics. This indicated that the mycoparasites could be effective to induce defense mechanisms of tomato plants against pathogens. Among them, P. oligandrum can be mentioned as the most effective mycoparasite regarding the induction of phenolics.
{"title":"Antagonistic Activities of Mycoparasitic Pythium Species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Botrytis cinerea on Tomatoes","authors":"Meryem Ateş, Gürsel HATAT KARACA","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, antagonistic effects of Pythium acanthophoron, P. lycopersicum, P. oligandrum and P. paroecandrum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Botrytis cinerea were investigated by in vitro and in vivo trials. In vitro mycoparasitic activities of Pythium species were determined by dual culture, inverted plate culture and agar diffusion tests. As a result of dual culture tests, suppressive effects of all mycoparasites were over 70% against mycelial growth of the pathogens. Inverted plate tests showed that antagonistic effects of mycoparasites regarding their volatile compounds were rather low. In the agar diffusion test, all mycoparasites showed antibiosis effect, however P. lycopersicum had the highest suppressive effect on both pathogens. In pot trials, mycoparasites were effective to protect tomato seedlings when pathogens were seperately inoculated, and suppressed the symptoms. When two pathogens were inoculated together, P. paroecandrum was ineffective against B. cinerea, but decreased the severity of wilt symptoms, while other mycoparasites totally inhibited both diseases. Chromatographic analyses made by using leaf samples taken 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after pathogen inoculation showed meaningful increase on chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and epicatechine, in the samples taken 48 hours after inoculation. Analyses after the inoculations of tomatoes with the mycoparasites and/or pathogens showed that mycoparasites also caused increase in the amounts of phenolics. This indicated that the mycoparasites could be effective to induce defense mechanisms of tomato plants against pathogens. Among them, P. oligandrum can be mentioned as the most effective mycoparasite regarding the induction of phenolics.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140397390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.16
Emrah Bağ, Beril Kocaman
Salinity is one of the most important environmental problems for agricultural production. In recent years, some studies revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively influenced plant growth and development and increased the uptake of nutrients under saline conditions. This study was carried out to investigate the response of the Monterey strawberry cultivar to mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) root inoculations during salinity stress under greenhouse conditions. In the present study, four different salt concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM NaCl) were applied to growing media with and without mycorrhiza conditions. The parameters such as leaf number, leaf area, petiole length, root length, dry matter contents in leaves, crowns, and roots, fruit weight, fruit yield, and Na, P, and K accumulation in leaves, crowns, and roots were determined. It was determined that increasing the amount of salt negatively affected all parameters in the control treatment. Leaf area significantly decreased with increasing concentration of NaCl treatment with and without mycorrhiza conditions. High salinity caused an increase in the Na content, but K and P contents decreased with salinity. Finally, it is suggested that the application of mycorrhizae generally positively affected examined parameters in strawberries under salinity conditions.
盐碱是农业生产中最重要的环境问题之一。近年来，一些研究发现，在盐碱条件下，丛枝菌根真菌对植物的生长发育有积极影响，并能增加植物对养分的吸收。本研究旨在调查蒙特雷草莓栽培品种在温室条件下盐度胁迫期间对菌根真菌（Glomus spp.）根接种的反应。在本研究中，将四种不同浓度的盐（0、20、40 和 80 mM NaCl）分别施加到有菌根和无菌根的生长介质中。测定了叶片数、叶面积、叶柄长、根长、叶片、果冠和根中的干物质含量、果实重量、果实产量以及叶片、果冠和根中的 Na、P 和 K 积累等参数。结果表明，在对照处理中，盐量的增加对所有参数都有负面影响。在有菌根和无菌根条件下，随着氯化钠浓度的增加，叶面积明显减少。高盐度导致 Na 含量增加，但 K 和 P 含量随盐度增加而减少。最后，研究表明，在盐度条件下，施用菌根对草莓的检测参数有积极影响。
{"title":"Effects of mycorrhizal fungi application on some growth parameters of Monterey strawberry cultivars under different salt stress conditions","authors":"Emrah Bağ, Beril Kocaman","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the most important environmental problems for agricultural production. In recent years, some studies revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively influenced plant growth and development and increased the uptake of nutrients under saline conditions. This study was carried out to investigate the response of the Monterey strawberry cultivar to mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) root inoculations during salinity stress under greenhouse conditions. In the present study, four different salt concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 mM NaCl) were applied to growing media with and without mycorrhiza conditions. The parameters such as leaf number, leaf area, petiole length, root length, dry matter contents in leaves, crowns, and roots, fruit weight, fruit yield, and Na, P, and K accumulation in leaves, crowns, and roots were determined. It was determined that increasing the amount of salt negatively affected all parameters in the control treatment. Leaf area significantly decreased with increasing concentration of NaCl treatment with and without mycorrhiza conditions. High salinity caused an increase in the Na content, but K and P contents decreased with salinity. Finally, it is suggested that the application of mycorrhizae generally positively affected examined parameters in strawberries under salinity conditions.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"320 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140397645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although South Africa is considered to be food secure at the country level, large numbers of households within the country remain food insecure (De Cock et al. 2013). Food inaccessibility in many rural areas of South Africa has manifested itself in many formats but has positioned poor households to struggle to meet their basic household requirements and be more vulnerable to food insecurity. Details of such food insecurity, however, may differ (De Cock et al. 2013; D’Haese et al. 2013). This study aimed to investigate the contributions of smallholder farmers toward household food security in Chabelane Village, in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A quota sampling method was used to select 20 smallholder farmers in Chabelane Village. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the analysis of data was done using thematic analysis. This study has highlighted the prevalence of food security status among smallholder farmers. Household food security in rural areas is a significant matter, as it is necessary to have appropriate access to healthy foods that lead to active life. Furthermore, the study highlighted the smallholder farmers’ agricultural practices which are crop farming and livestock farming. Moreover, increased food supply, job opportunities, and income generation were highlighted as the contributions of the smallholder farmers toward household food security. However, the smallholder farmers in this study area experienced challenges such as lack of finances, water shortages, and lack of access to formal market. This study recommends access to financial aid through access to loans from the banks, raising awareness among smallholder farmers about the knowledge on how to access formal markets. Additionally, the Department of Agriculture or local municipality to provide water tanks or boreholes for smallholder farmers to have undisrupted access to water for productive farming practices. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the contributions of smallholder farmers towards household food security by providing valuable insights into the relationship between food security and smallholder farmers, particularly in Chabelane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
{"title":"The contributions of smallholder farmers toward household food security in Chabelane village, Limpopo province, South Africa","authors":"Malebo Gratitude Ramatshekgi̇sa, Dhee Nai̇doo","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Although South Africa is considered to be food secure at the country level, large numbers of households within the country remain food insecure (De Cock et al. 2013). Food inaccessibility in many rural areas of South Africa has manifested itself in many formats but has positioned poor households to struggle to meet their basic household requirements and be more vulnerable to food insecurity. Details of such food insecurity, however, may differ (De Cock et al. 2013; D’Haese et al. 2013). This study aimed to investigate the contributions of smallholder farmers toward household food security in Chabelane Village, in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A quota sampling method was used to select 20 smallholder farmers in Chabelane Village. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the analysis of data was done using thematic analysis. This study has highlighted the prevalence of food security status among smallholder farmers. Household food security in rural areas is a significant matter, as it is necessary to have appropriate access to healthy foods that lead to active life. Furthermore, the study highlighted the smallholder farmers’ agricultural practices which are crop farming and livestock farming. Moreover, increased food supply, job opportunities, and income generation were highlighted as the contributions of the smallholder farmers toward household food security. However, the smallholder farmers in this study area experienced challenges such as lack of finances, water shortages, and lack of access to formal market. This study recommends access to financial aid through access to loans from the banks, raising awareness among smallholder farmers about the knowledge on how to access formal markets. Additionally, the Department of Agriculture or local municipality to provide water tanks or boreholes for smallholder farmers to have undisrupted access to water for productive farming practices. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the contributions of smallholder farmers towards household food security by providing valuable insights into the relationship between food security and smallholder farmers, particularly in Chabelane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"146 1‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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