Being highly perishable, mushrooms’ quality and shelf life is affected by various factors during postharvest conditions, among which fungal contamination is the main cause. The goal of this study is to identify and manage fungal contaminants present in mushrooms during postharvest conditions. A total of 23 fungi were isolated as contaminants from the samples of Agaricus bisporus collected from three major vegetable markets in Kathmandu city, Nepal. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be the most frequent fungal contaminants. These were treated with various concentrations of essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha spicata, Zanthoxylum armatum, and Eucalyptus citriodora using poisoned food technique. Significant (p<0.05) inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was found in all testedfungi by all EOs. A strong inhibitory action of M. spicata oil was recorded against A. flavus and R. stolonifer while, A. niger was best controlled by C. tamala oil at the concentration of 20 µl/ml. These results suggest that EOs of three tested plants could be a good alternative to control fungal contaminants and extend the shelf life of Agaricus bisporus in postharvest conditions.
{"title":"Postharvest mycobial contaminants of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and their management using plant essential oils","authors":"Hari Sharan ADHİKARİ, Sanjay Kumar JHA","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Being highly perishable, mushrooms’ quality and shelf life is affected by various factors during postharvest conditions, among which fungal contamination is the main cause. The goal of this study is to identify and manage fungal contaminants present in mushrooms during postharvest conditions. A total of 23 fungi were isolated as contaminants from the samples of Agaricus bisporus collected from three major vegetable markets in Kathmandu city, Nepal. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be the most frequent fungal contaminants. These were treated with various concentrations of essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha spicata, Zanthoxylum armatum, and Eucalyptus citriodora using poisoned food technique. Significant (p&lt;0.05) inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was found in all testedfungi by all EOs. A strong inhibitory action of M. spicata oil was recorded against A. flavus and R. stolonifer while, A. niger was best controlled by C. tamala oil at the concentration of 20 µl/ml. These results suggest that EOs of three tested plants could be a good alternative to control fungal contaminants and extend the shelf life of Agaricus bisporus in postharvest conditions.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136272368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.10
Okan ÖZBAKIR
Failure to implement adequate preventive measures in workplaces leads to the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents at work. Effectively managing and accurately defining these risks is paramount. Risk assessment begins by assigning scores to identify existing workplace hazards, assess the likelihood of potential risks, determine the level of urgency, and determine the necessary precautions. It is a continuous cycle of implementation, monitoring and review. The aim of this study is the identification of existing or potential hazards and risks in a dairy products factory in Iğdır province, Turkey. The Fine Kinney risk assessment methodology was applied, and the results provided recommendations for mitigating identified risks based on relevant regulations. Initially, brainstorming sessions were held with relevant employees and managers to gain a general overview of the health and safety culture in the work environment. In addition, observational analysis and weekly checklists were used for assessment purposes. When examining the current status and operational procedures of the company in detail, various hazards containing risks that require immediate precautions have been identified. Electric shock (RS: 1440), injuries related to electricity (RS: 720), explosion (RS: 540), and risks associated with poisoning or drowning (RS: 720) have been determined to be present. It has been concluded that most of the environmental risks in the facility arise from factors such as defective or outdated equipment, lack of ergonomic workstations, inadequate training, and insufficient supervision.
{"title":"Hazard and risk assessment in a dairy products factory in Iğdır province using the Fine Kinney Risk Method: recommendations for mitigation","authors":"Okan ÖZBAKIR","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Failure to implement adequate preventive measures in workplaces leads to the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents at work. Effectively managing and accurately defining these risks is paramount. Risk assessment begins by assigning scores to identify existing workplace hazards, assess the likelihood of potential risks, determine the level of urgency, and determine the necessary precautions. It is a continuous cycle of implementation, monitoring and review. The aim of this study is the identification of existing or potential hazards and risks in a dairy products factory in Iğdır province, Turkey. The Fine Kinney risk assessment methodology was applied, and the results provided recommendations for mitigating identified risks based on relevant regulations. Initially, brainstorming sessions were held with relevant employees and managers to gain a general overview of the health and safety culture in the work environment. In addition, observational analysis and weekly checklists were used for assessment purposes. When examining the current status and operational procedures of the company in detail, various hazards containing risks that require immediate precautions have been identified. Electric shock (RS: 1440), injuries related to electricity (RS: 720), explosion (RS: 540), and risks associated with poisoning or drowning (RS: 720) have been determined to be present. It has been concluded that most of the environmental risks in the facility arise from factors such as defective or outdated equipment, lack of ergonomic workstations, inadequate training, and insufficient supervision.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali GÜNCAN, Yunus Emre ALTUNÇ, Şaziye KARAYAR, Tuğba Nisa BAHAT, Ekim YÜKSEL SEZER
Hazelnut, as with many other stored products, are susceptible to infestation by a variety of stored insect pests. Phosphine fumigation is a widely used method to control pests in stored products, including hazelnut kernels. This study aimed to determine the optimal exposure time for phosphine fumigation for management of stored product pests in hazelnuts. Four treatments with different exposure times (3, 4, 5, and 6 days) were conducted using various development stages of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Tribolium confusum Jaqcquelin du Val, (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) together with the control group. The trials were conducted in a commercial chamber of a hazelnut processing facility. The insects were placed in plastic containers within jute sacks filled with hazelnuts, fumigations were done under gas-proof sheet and the survival rate was assessed after treatments. The results showed that a 3-day exposure period was sufficient to fully eradicate the pupal and adult stages of O. surinamensis. For T. castaneum, 100% mortality was achieved in both larvae and adults from 3 days of exposure, but the pupal stage required at least 5 days. For T. confusum, all larvae and adults died in all exposure periods, but the pupal stage required at least 4 days. In the case of the moth species, a 100% mortality rate was achieved in the larval and pupal stages of both E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella at all exposure periods. The mortality rate of E. kuehniella eggs was 99% after 3 and 4 days of exposure, and a fumigation period of 5 days was required to control the entire population. However, only 67% of P. interpunctella eggs were controlled after 3 days of exposure. The time and stage factors were found to be significant in the egg stage of P. interpunctella. The results suggest that a 5-day exposure period is the most effective for controlling tested stored product pests in hazelnuts.
{"title":"Optimizing phosphine fumigation efficiency in hazelnut industry: Determining optimal exposure time for stored product pest control","authors":"Ali GÜNCAN, Yunus Emre ALTUNÇ, Şaziye KARAYAR, Tuğba Nisa BAHAT, Ekim YÜKSEL SEZER","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Hazelnut, as with many other stored products, are susceptible to infestation by a variety of stored insect pests. Phosphine fumigation is a widely used method to control pests in stored products, including hazelnut kernels. This study aimed to determine the optimal exposure time for phosphine fumigation for management of stored product pests in hazelnuts. Four treatments with different exposure times (3, 4, 5, and 6 days) were conducted using various development stages of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Tribolium confusum Jaqcquelin du Val, (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) together with the control group. The trials were conducted in a commercial chamber of a hazelnut processing facility. The insects were placed in plastic containers within jute sacks filled with hazelnuts, fumigations were done under gas-proof sheet and the survival rate was assessed after treatments. The results showed that a 3-day exposure period was sufficient to fully eradicate the pupal and adult stages of O. surinamensis. For T. castaneum, 100% mortality was achieved in both larvae and adults from 3 days of exposure, but the pupal stage required at least 5 days. For T. confusum, all larvae and adults died in all exposure periods, but the pupal stage required at least 4 days. In the case of the moth species, a 100% mortality rate was achieved in the larval and pupal stages of both E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella at all exposure periods. The mortality rate of E. kuehniella eggs was 99% after 3 and 4 days of exposure, and a fumigation period of 5 days was required to control the entire population. However, only 67% of P. interpunctella eggs were controlled after 3 days of exposure. The time and stage factors were found to be significant in the egg stage of P. interpunctella. The results suggest that a 5-day exposure period is the most effective for controlling tested stored product pests in hazelnuts.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.22
Ebru BATI AY, Şevket Metin KARA, Muhammed Akif AÇIKGÖZ
Snowdrop is a genus of high medicinal value with alkaloids such as galantamine, and lycorine of the Amaryllidaceae family. The present study was conducted to have an effect on the effects of phosphorus (P) treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in Galanthus elwesii Hook. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of P ( 0, 3, 6, and 12 kg da-1). The study was carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season. G. elwesii were harvested based on different growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). In this study, the bulb and roots of the plant were used. Total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined in harvested bulb and roots. The highest TPC was detected as 358.36 mg GAE/g in the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TPC determined as 80.13 mg GAE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The highest TFC was detected as 108.07 mg QE/g with the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TFC was determined as 52.33 mg QE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The main phenolic component of G. elwesii was determined to be gallic acid (GA). In antioxidant activity, while the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (72.30%) was in the flowering period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1, the highest ferrous ions chelating activity (66.77%) was detected in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. As a result, it was determined that TPC, TFC and DPPH activity in G. elwesii of flowering period ˃fruit ripening period.
雪花莲是一种药用价值很高的属，含有加兰他明、石蒜碱等生物碱。本试验旨在研究磷处理对加兰花抗氧化活性和酚类物质的影响。施用不同浓度的磷(0、3、6和12 kg da-1)。该研究是在2018-2019生长季节进行的。根据不同的生长阶段(花期和果实成熟期)进行采收。在本研究中，使用了该植物的球茎和根。测定了收获球茎和根的总黄酮含量(TFC)、总酚含量(TPC)、酚类化合物含量和抗氧化活性。在p6 kg da-1处理下，植株开花期TPC最高，为358.36 mg GAE/g，果实成熟期TPC最低，为80.13 mg GAE/g。在植株开花期，TFC最高为108.07 mg QE/g;在果实成熟期，p6 kg da-1处理TFC最低为52.33 mg QE/g。结果表明，黄姜的主要酚类成分为没食子酸。在抗氧化活性方面，p6 kg da-1处理的2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶肼基(DPPH)自由基清除活性在开花期最高(72.30%)，p6 kg da-1处理的铁离子螯合活性在果实成熟期最高(66.77%)。结果，测定了花期、果实成熟期黄颡鱼鱼TPC、TFC和DPPH活性。
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus fertilization on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Galanthus elwesii Hook.","authors":"Ebru BATI AY, Şevket Metin KARA, Muhammed Akif AÇIKGÖZ","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Snowdrop is a genus of high medicinal value with alkaloids such as galantamine, and lycorine of the Amaryllidaceae family. The present study was conducted to have an effect on the effects of phosphorus (P) treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in Galanthus elwesii Hook. The plants were exposed to different concentrations of P ( 0, 3, 6, and 12 kg da-1). The study was carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season. G. elwesii were harvested based on different growing stages (flowering and fruit ripening). In this study, the bulb and roots of the plant were used. Total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined in harvested bulb and roots. The highest TPC was detected as 358.36 mg GAE/g in the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TPC determined as 80.13 mg GAE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The highest TFC was detected as 108.07 mg QE/g with the flowering period of the plant, and the lowest TFC was determined as 52.33 mg QE/g in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. The main phenolic component of G. elwesii was determined to be gallic acid (GA). In antioxidant activity, while the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (72.30%) was in the flowering period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1, the highest ferrous ions chelating activity (66.77%) was detected in the fruit ripening period in the treatment P 6 kg da-1. As a result, it was determined that TPC, TFC and DPPH activity in G. elwesii of flowering period ˃fruit ripening period.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136247925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.16
Cemil GÜNDÜZ, Onur ATAK
Tourism, as a booming industry, plays a significant role in shaping economies and cultural exchanges worldwide. However, the rapid growth of tourism has brought about both positive economic impacts and negative environmental consequences. This research delves into the environmental effects of tourism activities through the lens of sustainable tourism. Focusing on Niksar Çamiçi Plateau, a transition zone between Central Anatolia and the Black Sea Region, situated at an altitude of 1350 meters, the study aims to identify the specific environmental impacts resulting from tourism activities in this unique location. The research adopts participant observation and semi-structured interviews as data collection methods, enabling a comprehensive understanding of tourists’ and locals’ behaviors and practices concerning the environment. The findings highlight the pressing issues of unplanned development, urban sprawl, migration, and environmental pollution in regions experiencing concentrated tourism activities. In response to these challenges, the study proposes a set of sustainable tourism solutions to mitigate environmental degradation. Recommendations include promoting responsible tourism practices, reducing the carbon footprint, promoting environmentally friendly accommodation and transportation, and implementing effective waste management strategies. Additionally, raising awareness among tourists and local communities about the importance of preserving natural resources and cultural heritage emerges as a crucial approach. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable tourism by providing valuable insights into the complex relationship between tourism and the environment, particularly in Niksar Çamiçi Plateau. By advocating for sustainable practices, the research aims to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between tourism and the ecosystem.
{"title":"Environmental effects of tourism activities in Niksar Çamiçi Plateau in the context of sustainable tourism: a qualitative research","authors":"Cemil GÜNDÜZ, Onur ATAK","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism, as a booming industry, plays a significant role in shaping economies and cultural exchanges worldwide. However, the rapid growth of tourism has brought about both positive economic impacts and negative environmental consequences. This research delves into the environmental effects of tourism activities through the lens of sustainable tourism. Focusing on Niksar Çamiçi Plateau, a transition zone between Central Anatolia and the Black Sea Region, situated at an altitude of 1350 meters, the study aims to identify the specific environmental impacts resulting from tourism activities in this unique location. The research adopts participant observation and semi-structured interviews as data collection methods, enabling a comprehensive understanding of tourists’ and locals’ behaviors and practices concerning the environment. The findings highlight the pressing issues of unplanned development, urban sprawl, migration, and environmental pollution in regions experiencing concentrated tourism activities. In response to these challenges, the study proposes a set of sustainable tourism solutions to mitigate environmental degradation. Recommendations include promoting responsible tourism practices, reducing the carbon footprint, promoting environmentally friendly accommodation and transportation, and implementing effective waste management strategies. Additionally, raising awareness among tourists and local communities about the importance of preserving natural resources and cultural heritage emerges as a crucial approach. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable tourism by providing valuable insights into the complex relationship between tourism and the environment, particularly in Niksar Çamiçi Plateau. By advocating for sustainable practices, the research aims to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between tourism and the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.25
Gülçe İLHAN
Pome fruits including apples and pears widely recognized species and shows rich morphological and biochemical properties. However, the studies on the other pome fruits including quince are scarce in literature. Quince is one of the most diverse specie in the pome fruits and, in particular, its fruits are rich in bioactive compounds. Türkiye, China and Uzbekistan are leading country for world quince production. Due to self-pollination characteristics, it is possible to obtain high quality quince genotypes from seeds. In this study, some important fruit properties of ten seed propagated quince genotypes naturally found in Aras valley, located in the eastern Anatolia region of Türkiye were investigated. The genotypes differed each other for most of the morphological, biochemical and human health promoting properties. Fruit weight were in range of 205-389 g among genotypes. Seven genotypes were found pear-shaped (pyriformis) and the rest of the genotypes were apple-shaped (maliformis). Fruit firmness ranged from 5.12 kg/cm2 to 8.30 kg/cm2, respectively. Fruit skin Chroma and Hue values were found between 47.34-65.67 and 71.98-89.17, respectively. SSC (Soluble Solid Content), Vitamin C and total phenolic content of the genotypes ranged from 9.7-13.4%, 4.2-11.2 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 290–432 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, respectively. This work constitutes an important step in the conservation of quince genetic resources in the eastern Anatolia.
{"title":"Morphological, biochemical and health promoting properties in seed propagated quince fruits found in coruh valley in Türkiye","authors":"Gülçe İLHAN","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"Pome fruits including apples and pears widely recognized species and shows rich morphological and biochemical properties. However, the studies on the other pome fruits including quince are scarce in literature. Quince is one of the most diverse specie in the pome fruits and, in particular, its fruits are rich in bioactive compounds. Türkiye, China and Uzbekistan are leading country for world quince production. Due to self-pollination characteristics, it is possible to obtain high quality quince genotypes from seeds. In this study, some important fruit properties of ten seed propagated quince genotypes naturally found in Aras valley, located in the eastern Anatolia region of Türkiye were investigated. The genotypes differed each other for most of the morphological, biochemical and human health promoting properties. Fruit weight were in range of 205-389 g among genotypes. Seven genotypes were found pear-shaped (pyriformis) and the rest of the genotypes were apple-shaped (maliformis). Fruit firmness ranged from 5.12 kg/cm2 to 8.30 kg/cm2, respectively. Fruit skin Chroma and Hue values were found between 47.34-65.67 and 71.98-89.17, respectively. SSC (Soluble Solid Content), Vitamin C and total phenolic content of the genotypes ranged from 9.7-13.4%, 4.2-11.2 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 290–432 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, respectively. This work constitutes an important step in the conservation of quince genetic resources in the eastern Anatolia.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baki Temur, Y. Akhoundnejad, Yahya Nas, Lale Ersoy
The experiment was carried out in open field conditions in Ciğir village, located in the Idil district of Sirnak province, during 2020 tomato growing season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different potassium (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate) fertilizers on yield and quality characteristics of tomato plants (Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety) grown under drought stress. The fertilizers were foliar applied at a dose of 1%. Irrigation treatments of the experiment were full irrigation (control, 100%), 66% of the full irrigation, and 33% of the full irrigation. Leaf temperature, relative water content of leaf, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of green parts, membranes injury index, soluble solid content (SSC) in tomato juice, pH of tomato juice and total yield were determined. The results indicated that drought stress had a significant adverse impacts on yield and quality of both Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety. The application of potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate caused an increase in the chlorophyll and water soluble solid content. Potassium chloride application resulted in a reduction in membrane damage. The effects of potassium sulfate fertilizer on yield was significantly higher than the other two potassium fertilizers.
该实验于 2020 年番茄生长季节在西尔纳克省伊迪尔地区的 Ciğir 村露地条件下进行。研究的目的是调查不同钾肥（氯化钾、硫酸钾和硝酸钾）对干旱胁迫下番茄植株（Fereng 基因型和 Kamenta F1 品种）产量和品质特征的影响。肥料的叶面喷施剂量为 1%。试验的灌溉处理为完全灌溉（对照，100%）、66% 的完全灌溉和 33%的完全灌溉。测定了叶温、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、绿色部分鲜重和干重、膜损伤指数、番茄汁中可溶性固体含量（SSC）、番茄汁 pH 值和总产量。结果表明，干旱胁迫对 Fereng 基因型和 Kamenta F1 品种的产量和品质都有显著的不利影响。施用硝酸钾和硫酸钾会增加叶绿素和水溶性固体的含量。施用氯化钾可减少膜损伤。硫酸钾对产量的影响明显高于其他两种钾肥。
{"title":"Effect of different potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drought stress conditions","authors":"Baki Temur, Y. Akhoundnejad, Yahya Nas, Lale Ersoy","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in open field conditions in Ciğir village, located in the Idil district of Sirnak province, during 2020 tomato growing season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different potassium (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate) fertilizers on yield and quality characteristics of tomato plants (Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety) grown under drought stress. The fertilizers were foliar applied at a dose of 1%. Irrigation treatments of the experiment were full irrigation (control, 100%), 66% of the full irrigation, and 33% of the full irrigation. Leaf temperature, relative water content of leaf, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of green parts, membranes injury index, soluble solid content (SSC) in tomato juice, pH of tomato juice and total yield were determined. The results indicated that drought stress had a significant adverse impacts on yield and quality of both Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety. The application of potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate caused an increase in the chlorophyll and water soluble solid content. Potassium chloride application resulted in a reduction in membrane damage. The effects of potassium sulfate fertilizer on yield was significantly higher than the other two potassium fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to evaluate the variations in some quality traits of Tokat red pepper tarhana samples according to the cultivars and drying techniques. For this aim, five white grained bread wheat cultivars such as Altınöz, Candaş, Gökkan, Şahika, and Yakamoz were used as material. And, tarhana samples were dried under open air, airflow oven and vacuum. The study was conducted with three replications according to the split plot design in random plots. All quality traits showed statistically significant variations for the bread wheat cultivars (C), drying techniques (DT), and DT×C interactions. Thus, airflow oven showed the highest values among the drying techniques for the contents of ash (8.5892%), total titration acidity (27.433%) and salt (6.842%). On the other hand, open air drying technique presented the highest values for moisture (14.556%), pH (4.349) and the density of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (1.4×104 CFU g-1 for M17 agar, 2.4×104 CFU g-1 for MRS agar. Also, Gökkan cv had the highest percents for all quality traits except LAB density. These findings showed that the most suitable bread wheat cultivar for Tokat red pepper tarhana was Gökkan cv, and the most favorable drying technique was open air drying. In addition, it is understood from the results that wheat cultivar and drying technique which used in tarhana production were essential factors. So, tarhana sector should choose the best wheat cultivar and drying technique to be used in tarhana production for consumer taste and healthy diet. From this study, it is understood that the open air drying is the most sustainable technique in terms of both production and consumption.
{"title":"Some quality and microbiological traits of Tokat tarhana obtained from different wheat cultivars under various drying conditions","authors":"Sevil GENÇER ÖZYILMAZ, Cemalettin BALTACI, Bilge BAHAR","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the variations in some quality traits of Tokat red pepper tarhana samples according to the cultivars and drying techniques. For this aim, five white grained bread wheat cultivars such as Altınöz, Candaş, Gökkan, Şahika, and Yakamoz were used as material. And, tarhana samples were dried under open air, airflow oven and vacuum. The study was conducted with three replications according to the split plot design in random plots. All quality traits showed statistically significant variations for the bread wheat cultivars (C), drying techniques (DT), and DT×C interactions. Thus, airflow oven showed the highest values among the drying techniques for the contents of ash (8.5892%), total titration acidity (27.433%) and salt (6.842%). On the other hand, open air drying technique presented the highest values for moisture (14.556%), pH (4.349) and the density of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (1.4×104 CFU g-1 for M17 agar, 2.4×104 CFU g-1 for MRS agar. Also, Gökkan cv had the highest percents for all quality traits except LAB density. These findings showed that the most suitable bread wheat cultivar for Tokat red pepper tarhana was Gökkan cv, and the most favorable drying technique was open air drying. In addition, it is understood from the results that wheat cultivar and drying technique which used in tarhana production were essential factors. So, tarhana sector should choose the best wheat cultivar and drying technique to be used in tarhana production for consumer taste and healthy diet. From this study, it is understood that the open air drying is the most sustainable technique in terms of both production and consumption.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Türkiye is one of the origin centers of durum wheat and among the important producer countries of durum wheat. The aim of this study is to examine some durum wheat genotypes with different characteristics in terms of some agronomic and quality characteristics and to determine the relationships between features. The study was carried out in four different environments with supplementary irrigated and based of rainfed in Diyarbakir province conditions. Trial design carry out according to Randomized Complete Blocks Split Plots Experiment Design and three replications. It was determined that there were significant differences at the p<0.01 level between genotypes in all the traits examined. According to the research results, change range of average values in durum wheat varieties were determined as; heading time (HT) 170.33-178.42 days, plant height (PH) 93.0-139.2 cm, the number of spikes per square meter (SN) 441.50-567.50 spikes/m2, the number of grains per spike (GN) 40.7-65.5 grains/spike, thousand grain weight (TGW) 32.4-47.0 g, test weight (TW) 77.5-85.6 kg/hl, protein ratio (PR) 12.72-17.21%, sedimentation amount (SA) 9.58-25.08 ml, b yellowness value (YV) 18.27-27.90, vitreousness ratio (VR) 75.42%-85.42%. Plant height exhibited a positive correlation with protein content (r = 0.728**), and sedimentation amount also demonstrated a positive correlation with the b yellowness value (r = 0.649**). As a general trend, genotypes with spring attributes were positioned ahead of those with winter characteristics. It has been observed that winter genotypes have a heading time 5-6 days later than that of spring genotypes. Since Fırat-93 (TGW), Kunduru 1149 (PR), Urfa 2005 (TW and VR) and Candidate 1 (SA and YV) genotypes are at the forefront in terms of quality parameters. It would be beneficial to use these genotypes as parents and to protect them as genitor.
{"title":"Investigation of durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) in terms of quality and some agronomic traits","authors":"Mehmet KARAMAN, Mehmet YILDIRIM, Cuma AKINCI","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye is one of the origin centers of durum wheat and among the important producer countries of durum wheat. The aim of this study is to examine some durum wheat genotypes with different characteristics in terms of some agronomic and quality characteristics and to determine the relationships between features. The study was carried out in four different environments with supplementary irrigated and based of rainfed in Diyarbakir province conditions. Trial design carry out according to Randomized Complete Blocks Split Plots Experiment Design and three replications. It was determined that there were significant differences at the p&lt;0.01 level between genotypes in all the traits examined. According to the research results, change range of average values in durum wheat varieties were determined as; heading time (HT) 170.33-178.42 days, plant height (PH) 93.0-139.2 cm, the number of spikes per square meter (SN) 441.50-567.50 spikes/m2, the number of grains per spike (GN) 40.7-65.5 grains/spike, thousand grain weight (TGW) 32.4-47.0 g, test weight (TW) 77.5-85.6 kg/hl, protein ratio (PR) 12.72-17.21%, sedimentation amount (SA) 9.58-25.08 ml, b yellowness value (YV) 18.27-27.90, vitreousness ratio (VR) 75.42%-85.42%. Plant height exhibited a positive correlation with protein content (r = 0.728**), and sedimentation amount also demonstrated a positive correlation with the b yellowness value (r = 0.649**). As a general trend, genotypes with spring attributes were positioned ahead of those with winter characteristics. It has been observed that winter genotypes have a heading time 5-6 days later than that of spring genotypes. Since Fırat-93 (TGW), Kunduru 1149 (PR), Urfa 2005 (TW and VR) and Candidate 1 (SA and YV) genotypes are at the forefront in terms of quality parameters. It would be beneficial to use these genotypes as parents and to protect them as genitor.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A biocatalytic transformation has the potential to perform organic reactions that are quite challenging to achieve with synthetic organic chemistry. They also catalyze these reactions with a chemo and enantio selective manner. The discovery and development of new chemoenzymatic methods for the synthesis of these chiral structures is essential to the production of a wide range of bioactive compounds. In this study, two important pharmaceutical precursors were synthesized chemoenzymatically and subjected to biocatalytic conversions with different dehydrogenases. One of these compound is an α-acetoxy enone structure 4-methoxy-2-oxacyclohex-3-enyl acetate and the other is an α-hydroxy ketone 6-hydroxy-3-methoxycycyclohex-2-enone. To obtain these pharmaceutical precursors, 3-methoxy-cyclohex-2-enone was prepared using 1,3-diketone as a starting material. After obtaining this material, α-acetoxy enone was synthesized by chemical acetylation and α-hydroxy ketone prepared by enzymatic deacetylation. The structure of these products was elucidated by NMR analysis. In addition, biocatalytic reduction reactions involving the enzymes galactitol dehydrogenase (GatDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and diaphorase were carried out with these products.
{"title":"Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of chiral precursor molecules with chiral ring hydroxyenone and acetoxyenone structures","authors":"Hatice Becerekli, Ş. B. Sopaci","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"A biocatalytic transformation has the potential to perform organic reactions that are quite challenging to achieve with synthetic organic chemistry. They also catalyze these reactions with a chemo and enantio selective manner. The discovery and development of new chemoenzymatic methods for the synthesis of these chiral structures is essential to the production of a wide range of bioactive compounds. In this study, two important pharmaceutical precursors were synthesized chemoenzymatically and subjected to biocatalytic conversions with different dehydrogenases. One of these compound is an α-acetoxy enone structure 4-methoxy-2-oxacyclohex-3-enyl acetate and the other is an α-hydroxy ketone 6-hydroxy-3-methoxycycyclohex-2-enone. To obtain these pharmaceutical precursors, 3-methoxy-cyclohex-2-enone was prepared using 1,3-diketone as a starting material. After obtaining this material, α-acetoxy enone was synthesized by chemical acetylation and α-hydroxy ketone prepared by enzymatic deacetylation. The structure of these products was elucidated by NMR analysis. In addition, biocatalytic reduction reactions involving the enzymes galactitol dehydrogenase (GatDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and diaphorase were carried out with these products.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83579307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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