Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11
Yusuf Karagözoğlu, N. Alayunt, A. E. Parlak
In this study, sage (Salvia officinalis L.), linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.), and daisy (Matricaria chamomilla L.) herbs, which have rich phytochemical content and are frequently consumed in winter months for medicinal purposes, were obtained from three different herbalists located in Bingol and investigated in terms of their heavy metal contents, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents. Some of the heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb) contents of the collected herb samples were determined by ICP-MS. Total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents were determined by analyzing spectrophotometric methods. While the total phenolic content was found the most in sage (S1) ethylacetate and methanol extracts (760.1±2.0, 410.33±1.5 mg GAE/g), it was found the least in linden (L1, L3) hexane extracts (6.66±.1.3, 8.35±0.8 mg GAE/g). It was determined that total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin contents were higher in sage (S1) ethylacetate (294.31±2.1 mg CE/g and 291.31±2.1 mg MvGE/g), sage (S2) methanol (375.0±1.9 mg CE/g and 139.01*±2.0 mg MvGE/g) extracts, and less in linden (L1) and daisy (D1) hexane extracts respectively. It was determined that Cr and Cu metals were among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health in all samples except the chamomile (D1, D3) samples, and Zn metals were among the values suitable for consumption in all samples except the linden (L2) sample. Furthermore, the toxic metal Cd (0.05±0.00- 0.09±0.00 μg/g) in daisy (D1, D3) samples, as well as the other toxic metal Pb (4.50±0.01-6.43±0.01 μg/g) in sage (S1,S2,S3) and linden (L1,L2,L3) samples, were found to be among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health. As a result, when the total anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were compared in all groups it was found that sage had the highest value in ethyl acetate extract. Additionally, Cu and Ni values of sage, and Fe and Pb values in both sage and linden were within safe limits in terms of health. They are of utmost importance in terms of supporting the daily mineral intake. However, As, Pb, and Hg were found to be toxic in daisy extract. This result can be shown as a result that the daisy will be a bioaccumulator. Therefore, consumption of daisy tea should be limited.
{"title":"Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea","authors":"Yusuf Karagözoğlu, N. Alayunt, A. E. Parlak","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, sage (Salvia officinalis L.), linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.), and daisy (Matricaria chamomilla L.) herbs, which have rich phytochemical content and are frequently consumed in winter months for medicinal purposes, were obtained from three different herbalists located in Bingol and investigated in terms of their heavy metal contents, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents. Some of the heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb) contents of the collected herb samples were determined by ICP-MS. Total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents were determined by analyzing spectrophotometric methods. While the total phenolic content was found the most in sage (S1) ethylacetate and methanol extracts (760.1±2.0, 410.33±1.5 mg GAE/g), it was found the least in linden (L1, L3) hexane extracts (6.66±.1.3, 8.35±0.8 mg GAE/g). It was determined that total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin contents were higher in sage (S1) ethylacetate (294.31±2.1 mg CE/g and 291.31±2.1 mg MvGE/g), sage (S2) methanol (375.0±1.9 mg CE/g and 139.01*±2.0 mg MvGE/g) extracts, and less in linden (L1) and daisy (D1) hexane extracts respectively. It was determined that Cr and Cu metals were among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health in all samples except the chamomile (D1, D3) samples, and Zn metals were among the values suitable for consumption in all samples except the linden (L2) sample. Furthermore, the toxic metal Cd (0.05±0.00- 0.09±0.00 μg/g) in daisy (D1, D3) samples, as well as the other toxic metal Pb (4.50±0.01-6.43±0.01 μg/g) in sage (S1,S2,S3) and linden (L1,L2,L3) samples, were found to be among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health. As a result, when the total anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were compared in all groups it was found that sage had the highest value in ethyl acetate extract. Additionally, Cu and Ni values of sage, and Fe and Pb values in both sage and linden were within safe limits in terms of health. They are of utmost importance in terms of supporting the daily mineral intake. However, As, Pb, and Hg were found to be toxic in daisy extract. This result can be shown as a result that the daisy will be a bioaccumulator. Therefore, consumption of daisy tea should be limited.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this study was to improve seed quality by using magnetic field (MF) as a priming method to increase germination percentages (GP) and seedling emergence percentages (SEP) in onion and lettuce seeds. MF treatments on pre-hydrated seeds, significantly increased GP (up to 80% for onion, 87% for lettuce) and SEP (up to 76% for onion, 86% for lettuce) in both species. Magnetic treatments in other saying magnetopriming helped to increase germination and seedling emergence speed in treated seeds as well. The shortening of mean germination time allowed the treatments to establish uniform and well-developed seedlings. Our findings indicate that magnetopriming could be used as a pre-germination treatment before sowing.
{"title":"Magnetopriming enhance germination and seedling growth parameters of onion and lettuce seeds","authors":"Mustafa Sarı, I. Demir, K. C. Yildirim, N. Memi̇ş","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to improve seed quality by using magnetic field (MF) as a priming method to increase germination percentages (GP) and seedling emergence percentages (SEP) in onion and lettuce seeds. MF treatments on pre-hydrated seeds, significantly increased GP (up to 80% for onion, 87% for lettuce) and SEP (up to 76% for onion, 86% for lettuce) in both species. Magnetic treatments in other saying magnetopriming helped to increase germination and seedling emergence speed in treated seeds as well. The shortening of mean germination time allowed the treatments to establish uniform and well-developed seedlings. Our findings indicate that magnetopriming could be used as a pre-germination treatment before sowing.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to establish a compelling approach for inducing embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture in Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.), the most consumed and popular eggplant among indigenous vegetables on the African continent. While in vitro androgenesis has been favorably employed in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) breeding, there has been no attempt to induce embryogenesis in a large germplasm of its relative, Solanum aethiopicum. In two distinct experiments, the largest germplasm collection of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo was assessed for embryogenesis induction using C medium supplemented with different concentrations of hormones. In the first experiment, callus induction was successful with an overall rate of 36.6 calli/100 anthers, but embryo formation was unsuccessful. Statistical analysis revealed a dependency of the rate of callus induction on accessions. In the second experiment, only four selected accessions of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo were used and compared to two Turkish eggplant genotypes of Solanum melongena in two distinct treatments. The results showed that in the first treatment (I), only the accession GKE12 had a satisfactory outcome with a rate of embryo formation of 0.82/100 anthers and 0.41/100 anthers corresponding to the rate of developed embryos. In the second treatment (II), only controls, which were Adana and Kemer cultivars of Solanum melongena formed embryos with a rate of 7.26/100 anthers and 1.15/100 anthers, respectively. The obtained embryo/seedling of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo was found to be diploid. Overall, this study demonstrated that with the right combinations of hormones, it is possible to induce embryogenesis and produce a diploid of Solanum aethiopicum, the world’s second most popular cultivated eggplant after brinjal. These findings could potentially contribute to the breeding of eggplants for enhanced genetic variation and resistance.
本研究旨在建立一种令人信服的方法，通过离体花药培养红茄子(Solanum aethiopicum L.)诱导胚胎发生，红茄子是非洲大陆最受欢迎的本土蔬菜。虽然体外雄激素发生已经在茄子(Solanum melongena L.)育种中得到了很好的应用，但还没有尝试在其近亲Solanum aethiopicum的大型种质中诱导胚胎发生。在两个不同的实验中，利用添加不同浓度激素的C培养基，对最大的种质集茄(Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo)进行胚胎诱导试验。在第一个实验中，愈伤组织诱导成功，总愈伤组织率为36.6个/100个花药，但胚胎形成失败。统计分析表明，愈伤组织的诱导率与材料有关。在第二个试验中，只选择4个埃塞俄比亚茄(Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo)材料，并在两个不同的处理下与茄(Solanum melongena)的两个土耳其茄子基因型进行比较。结果表明，在第一次处理(I)中，只有加入GKE12的胚胎形成率为0.82/100个花药，胚胎发育率为0.41/100个。在第二处理(II)中，只有对照(Adana和Kemer品种)形成胚，其花药率分别为7.26/100和1.15/100。所获得的古茄胚/苗为二倍体。总的来说，这项研究表明，通过正确的激素组合，可以诱导胚胎发生并产生二倍体的埃塞俄比亚茄(Solanum aethiopicum)。埃塞俄比亚茄是世界上仅次于茄子的第二大种植茄子。这些发现可能有助于茄子育种，以增强遗传变异和抗性。
{"title":"Pioneering anther culture-based embryogenesis in Solanum aethiopicum L.","authors":"Flavien Shimira, Ecem Kara, H. Taşkın","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to establish a compelling approach for inducing embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture in Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.), the most consumed and popular eggplant among indigenous vegetables on the African continent. While in vitro androgenesis has been favorably employed in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) breeding, there has been no attempt to induce embryogenesis in a large germplasm of its relative, Solanum aethiopicum. In two distinct experiments, the largest germplasm collection of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo was assessed for embryogenesis induction using C medium supplemented with different concentrations of hormones. In the first experiment, callus induction was successful with an overall rate of 36.6 calli/100 anthers, but embryo formation was unsuccessful. Statistical analysis revealed a dependency of the rate of callus induction on accessions. In the second experiment, only four selected accessions of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo were used and compared to two Turkish eggplant genotypes of Solanum melongena in two distinct treatments. The results showed that in the first treatment (I), only the accession GKE12 had a satisfactory outcome with a rate of embryo formation of 0.82/100 anthers and 0.41/100 anthers corresponding to the rate of developed embryos. In the second treatment (II), only controls, which were Adana and Kemer cultivars of Solanum melongena formed embryos with a rate of 7.26/100 anthers and 1.15/100 anthers, respectively. The obtained embryo/seedling of Solanum aethiopicum gr. Gilo was found to be diploid. Overall, this study demonstrated that with the right combinations of hormones, it is possible to induce embryogenesis and produce a diploid of Solanum aethiopicum, the world’s second most popular cultivated eggplant after brinjal. These findings could potentially contribute to the breeding of eggplants for enhanced genetic variation and resistance.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78861988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food waste is a threat to global sustainability. The study aim is to determine the effect of nudge interventions to reduce food waste at lunch. In this experimental study, which was planned in this cross-sectional type, survey data on food waste attitudes were collected from the participants. Volunteers who benefited from the cafeteria service were assigned to the survey (n=157), excluding those who did not use the cafeteria regularly, had a history of food allergy, and declared a diagnosis of chewing-swallowing disorder or celiac disease (n=3). The sociodemographic data and subjective waste amounts of the participants based on the survey, the waste was measured rationally in the pre-nudging and nudging period. The primary outcome is that nudge interventions applied to reduce food waste at lunch can contribute to the total amount of food waste and in which foods to reduce waste. Despite the nudging intervention, the total amount of waste increased, only vegetarian food and bread waste decreased. These changes are not statistically significant. According to the subjective evaluation data, vegetarian food and bread group foods are wasted more. Subjective and rational evaluation results are inconsistent. Short-term nudging intervention is not effective and different strategies are needed to reduce the amount of food waste.
{"title":"Plate waste in food service: Nudging intervention","authors":"Y. Kunduraci, S. Arslan, R. Atan, Kezban Şahin","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste is a threat to global sustainability. The study aim is to determine the effect of nudge interventions to reduce food waste at lunch. In this experimental study, which was planned in this cross-sectional type, survey data on food waste attitudes were collected from the participants. Volunteers who benefited from the cafeteria service were assigned to the survey (n=157), excluding those who did not use the cafeteria regularly, had a history of food allergy, and declared a diagnosis of chewing-swallowing disorder or celiac disease (n=3). The sociodemographic data and subjective waste amounts of the participants based on the survey, the waste was measured rationally in the pre-nudging and nudging period. The primary outcome is that nudge interventions applied to reduce food waste at lunch can contribute to the total amount of food waste and in which foods to reduce waste. Despite the nudging intervention, the total amount of waste increased, only vegetarian food and bread waste decreased. These changes are not statistically significant. According to the subjective evaluation data, vegetarian food and bread group foods are wasted more. Subjective and rational evaluation results are inconsistent. Short-term nudging intervention is not effective and different strategies are needed to reduce the amount of food waste.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88414923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A noteworthy member of the Cucurbitaceae family, the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a slender, vine-like annual summer vegetable. Despite the health promoting features, it is among the neglected vegetables in terms of both production values and scientific studies. The current study was aimed to assess some physico-mechanical properties of bitter gourd seeds and kernels viz., sizes, geometric shapes, angle of repose, densities, 1000-seed and kernel weight and, coefficient of friction on several surfaces (aluminum, chrome, iron, plastic, rubber, cardboard, glass and MDF wooden panel) in order to determine to important parameters to design seed sowing machines the materials to be used in storage and their design, the screening/separation/classification processes and the processing of bitter gourd into a commercial product. It has been observed that the seeds of bitter gourd have similar geometrical properties with the seeds of melon, watermelon, squash and cucumber from the Cucurbitaceae family. While closer values were observed in terms of length and width, it was determined that the seeds of bitter gourd were thicker. The lengths, widths, and thicknesses of these seeds/kernels with a moisture content of 16% (w.b.) according to the wet base were found to be 14.176/11.517, 7.562/5.922, and 4.076/2.815 mm, respectively. The angle of repose, thousand grain weight and true density of seeds/kernels were found 28.467/26.982°, 202.931/118.359 g and 0.919/1.659 g/cm3 respectively. Obtained results most likely can serve bitter gourd to be grown in large amounts in different part of the world where the climate is suitable for growing.
{"title":"Some physical properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds and kernels","authors":"Ismail Boyar, T. Ozsan, C. Ertekin, A. Onus","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"A noteworthy member of the Cucurbitaceae family, the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a slender, vine-like annual summer vegetable. Despite the health promoting features, it is among the neglected vegetables in terms of both production values and scientific studies. The current study was aimed to assess some physico-mechanical properties of bitter gourd seeds and kernels viz., sizes, geometric shapes, angle of repose, densities, 1000-seed and kernel weight and, coefficient of friction on several surfaces (aluminum, chrome, iron, plastic, rubber, cardboard, glass and MDF wooden panel) in order to determine to important parameters to design seed sowing machines the materials to be used in storage and their design, the screening/separation/classification processes and the processing of bitter gourd into a commercial product. It has been observed that the seeds of bitter gourd have similar geometrical properties with the seeds of melon, watermelon, squash and cucumber from the Cucurbitaceae family. While closer values were observed in terms of length and width, it was determined that the seeds of bitter gourd were thicker. The lengths, widths, and thicknesses of these seeds/kernels with a moisture content of 16% (w.b.) according to the wet base were found to be 14.176/11.517, 7.562/5.922, and 4.076/2.815 mm, respectively. The angle of repose, thousand grain weight and true density of seeds/kernels were found 28.467/26.982°, 202.931/118.359 g and 0.919/1.659 g/cm3 respectively. Obtained results most likely can serve bitter gourd to be grown in large amounts in different part of the world where the climate is suitable for growing.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.26
M. Samasti, Tarik Küçükdeniz
This paper proposes a model that forecasts the weather and then, based on that forecast, uses an income-oriented linear programming method to optimize the harvesting process. Data representing a total yearly output capacity of 472,878 tons from 214 different field locations were used to test the model for sugar beet production. Prior to optimization, long-term one-year weather rainfall forecasting was done using 10 years of actual weather data for the field locations. Weather precipitation was forecasted using logistic regression with an accuracy of 84.16%. The outcome of the weather precipitation prediction model was a parameter in the optimization model. The weather forecast for precipitation led to the 120-day harvest planning being optimized. Comparative analysis was done on the outcomes of the developed model and the current scenario. Comparing the current situation to the proposed one, revenue would have increased by 16.7%. Given that it incorporates weather forecasts into the harvest optimization process, the methodology presented in this paper is more practical than other harvest optimization models.
{"title":"Precipitation forecast with logistics regression methods for harvest optimization","authors":"M. Samasti, Tarik Küçükdeniz","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a model that forecasts the weather and then, based on that forecast, uses an income-oriented linear programming method to optimize the harvesting process. Data representing a total yearly output capacity of 472,878 tons from 214 different field locations were used to test the model for sugar beet production. Prior to optimization, long-term one-year weather rainfall forecasting was done using 10 years of actual weather data for the field locations. Weather precipitation was forecasted using logistic regression with an accuracy of 84.16%. The outcome of the weather precipitation prediction model was a parameter in the optimization model. The weather forecast for precipitation led to the 120-day harvest planning being optimized. Comparative analysis was done on the outcomes of the developed model and the current scenario. Comparing the current situation to the proposed one, revenue would have increased by 16.7%. Given that it incorporates weather forecasts into the harvest optimization process, the methodology presented in this paper is more practical than other harvest optimization models.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ferdian, Randhiki Gusti Perdana, Poegoeh PRASETYO RAHARDJO
Cooking oil is an important basic ingredient in the frying process with the main function as a medium for conducting heat, adding savory taste, in-creasing nutritional value and heating food ingredients. The massive use of cooking oil also has an impact on the waste produced, namely used cooking oil (UCO), which is more increasing. The sustainable use of used cooking oil can damage health. The aim of this study was to obtain purification of used cooking oil with coffee dregs and bagasse as raw materials for making antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract. Preparation of raw materials, extraction of guava leaves, oil refining process, production of antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract, and sample quality analysis are the stages of research. The data from the analysis was then tested with ANOVA. Purification of used cooking oil using bagasse adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.43-6.86, moisture content of 0.67-0-769%, free fatty acids of 0.301-1.982% and acid value of 2.3-3.490%, while for the type of coffee dregs adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.60-6.83, moisture content of 0.068-0.549%, free fatty acids of 0.292-0.921 and acid value of 1.120-5.850. The antiseptic transparent soap formulation results obtained a pH value of 11.427-13,687, moisture content of 27.78-36.505, foam height of 19-21.5 mm and antiseptic power of 2-12 colonies.
{"title":"Refinery technology of used cooking oil by utilizing coffee dregs and sugar cane bagasse as raw materials for making antiseptic transparent soap of guava leaf extract","authors":"M. Ferdian, Randhiki Gusti Perdana, Poegoeh PRASETYO RAHARDJO","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.1109072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.1109072","url":null,"abstract":"Cooking oil is an important basic ingredient in the frying process with the main function as a medium for conducting heat, adding savory taste, in-creasing nutritional value and heating food ingredients. The massive use of cooking oil also has an impact on the waste produced, namely used cooking oil (UCO), which is more increasing. The sustainable use of used cooking oil can damage health. The aim of this study was to obtain purification of used cooking oil with coffee dregs and bagasse as raw materials for making antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract. Preparation of raw materials, extraction of guava leaves, oil refining process, production of antiseptic transparent soap with guava leaf extract, and sample quality analysis are the stages of research. The data from the analysis was then tested with ANOVA. Purification of used cooking oil using bagasse adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.43-6.86, moisture content of 0.67-0-769%, free fatty acids of 0.301-1.982% and acid value of 2.3-3.490%, while for the type of coffee dregs adsorbent produced oil with a pH value of 6.60-6.83, moisture content of 0.068-0.549%, free fatty acids of 0.292-0.921 and acid value of 1.120-5.850. The antiseptic transparent soap formulation results obtained a pH value of 11.427-13,687, moisture content of 27.78-36.505, foam height of 19-21.5 mm and antiseptic power of 2-12 colonies.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"35 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.27
Y. Turgut, Y. Koca
General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises (GDAE), which has been operating since 1994, is a state institution whose aim is to protect the gene resources as well as the production of seeds, breeding and raw materials for agriculture and agriculture-based industry. There are more than 30 agricultural enterprises established for similar purposes in Türkiye. One of these enterprises is Kumkale Agricultural Enterprise (KAE) located within the borders of Çanakkale province. The aim of this study is to reveal the current potentials of KAE lands, for which detailed studies have been made before, to create a database in Geographic Information System (GIS) and to produce various thematic maps. In this study, important soil characteristics such as slope, soil depth, surface stones, drainage, as well as soil series and physiographic units included in the survey report were mapped and the areas covered were calculated in GIS. With the digitization has determined that the agricultural enterprises lands in question are spread over an area of 7309 decares in total. In terms of soil series, the highest distribution area belongs to Karabatak series (948.2 da), while Alluvial soils (3094.8 da) have the highest distribution area in terms of physiographic units. In addition, most of the lands consist of 0-2% slope (4478.9 da), deeper than 120 cm (5936.8 da), stone-free (5677.2 da) and without drainage problems. As a result, it will be useful to examine both the temporal and spatial changes of the lands of GDAE, which has a significant production capacity in Türkiye, to make new field studies and compare them with the old survey studies in terms of guiding future studies.
农业企业总局(GDAE)自1994年开始运作，是一个国家机构，其目的是保护基因资源以及农业和以农业为基础的工业的种子、育种和原材料生产。在基耶省为类似目的设立了30多个农业企业。其中一个企业是位于Çanakkale省境内的Kumkale农业企业(KAE)。这项研究的目的是揭示KAE土地目前的潜力，以前已经对此进行了详细的研究，以便在地理信息系统(GIS)中建立一个数据库并制作各种专题地图。在本研究中，绘制了重要的土壤特征，如坡度、土壤深度、地表石块、排水，以及调查报告中包含的土壤系列和地理单元，并在GIS中计算了覆盖面积。随着数字化的确定，涉农企业用地总面积达7309平方公里。在土壤系列上，卡拉巴塔克系列分布面积最大(948.2 da)，而冲积土(3094.8 da)的地理单元分布面积最大。此外，大部分土地坡度为0-2% (4478.9 da)，深度大于120 cm (5936.8 da)，无石(5677.2 da)，无排水问题。因此，研究具有重要生产能力的广东省土地资源时空变化，将有助于开展新的实地研究，并将其与以往的调查研究进行比较，以指导今后的研究。
{"title":"Evaluation of database and some soil characteristic of Kumkale Agricultural Enterprise soils in GIS","authors":"Y. Turgut, Y. Koca","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises (GDAE), which has been operating since 1994, is a state institution whose aim is to protect the gene resources as well as the production of seeds, breeding and raw materials for agriculture and agriculture-based industry. There are more than 30 agricultural enterprises established for similar purposes in Türkiye. One of these enterprises is Kumkale Agricultural Enterprise (KAE) located within the borders of Çanakkale province. The aim of this study is to reveal the current potentials of KAE lands, for which detailed studies have been made before, to create a database in Geographic Information System (GIS) and to produce various thematic maps. In this study, important soil characteristics such as slope, soil depth, surface stones, drainage, as well as soil series and physiographic units included in the survey report were mapped and the areas covered were calculated in GIS. With the digitization has determined that the agricultural enterprises lands in question are spread over an area of 7309 decares in total. In terms of soil series, the highest distribution area belongs to Karabatak series (948.2 da), while Alluvial soils (3094.8 da) have the highest distribution area in terms of physiographic units. In addition, most of the lands consist of 0-2% slope (4478.9 da), deeper than 120 cm (5936.8 da), stone-free (5677.2 da) and without drainage problems. As a result, it will be useful to examine both the temporal and spatial changes of the lands of GDAE, which has a significant production capacity in Türkiye, to make new field studies and compare them with the old survey studies in terms of guiding future studies.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75371905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.28
M. Kökdener
Essential oils (EOs) from plants can provide an eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of six different essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Allium sativum, Capsicum annum, Mentha piperita, Urtica dioica) against Musca domestica. Larvicidal and pupicidal, efficacy of six EOs were evaluated by contact toxicity method at four different doses (1%; 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) in 5 replications. The research was performed at 60 ± 1.5% humidity and 27 ± 0.5 0C temperature at the Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University. The LC50 and LC90 values were determined by probit analysis. The effects of treatment and concentrations on different exposure periods, larval and pupal survival and development time were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance. The larval toxicity of six EOs increased significantly with increased exposed periods. The larval and pupal mortality percent was also increased as the concentration increased for testing all essential oil. The highest larval mortality percent (100.0%) was observed at the (10%) concentration of six essential oils, and all concentrations of Cinnamomum verum oil. Besides, the lowest larval mortality percent (46%) was caused by the 1% concentration of Foeniculum vulgare. The highest pupicidal effect was shown by 10, 5, 2.5% Cinnamomum verum EOs (100% mortality) and 1% Cinnamomum verum EOs (97.36%). The present study revealed that tested essential oil had significant potential for affecting biological parameters of M. domestica. The Cinnamomum verum EOs can be used as an eco- friendly product for the control of housefly larvae and pupae.
{"title":"Larvicidal and pupicidal effects of some essential oils against Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera:Muscidae)","authors":"M. Kökdener","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) from plants can provide an eco-friendly alternatives to traditional synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of six different essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Allium sativum, Capsicum annum, Mentha piperita, Urtica dioica) against Musca domestica. Larvicidal and pupicidal, efficacy of six EOs were evaluated by contact toxicity method at four different doses (1%; 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) in 5 replications. The research was performed at 60 ± 1.5% humidity and 27 ± 0.5 0C temperature at the Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University. The LC50 and LC90 values were determined by probit analysis. The effects of treatment and concentrations on different exposure periods, larval and pupal survival and development time were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance. The larval toxicity of six EOs increased significantly with increased exposed periods. The larval and pupal mortality percent was also increased as the concentration increased for testing all essential oil. The highest larval mortality percent (100.0%) was observed at the (10%) concentration of six essential oils, and all concentrations of Cinnamomum verum oil. Besides, the lowest larval mortality percent (46%) was caused by the 1% concentration of Foeniculum vulgare. The highest pupicidal effect was shown by 10, 5, 2.5% Cinnamomum verum EOs (100% mortality) and 1% Cinnamomum verum EOs (97.36%). The present study revealed that tested essential oil had significant potential for affecting biological parameters of M. domestica. The Cinnamomum verum EOs can be used as an eco- friendly product for the control of housefly larvae and pupae.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84138755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluated the socio-economic characteristics, income inequality and poverty status of female headed cassava farming households in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total sample size of three hundred and three (303) households from the two area councils. The data were analyze using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index, Gini coefficients, Probit model analysis, and principal components analysis (Factor Analysis). From the results about 59.73% of the female headed cassava farming households were less than 50 years old. 31.35% of the female headed cassava farming household were married. The mean household size was about12.00 persons. The mean annual income was 374, 868 Naira. About 56.77% of the female headed cassava farming household were poor given a poverty line N9, 009.37. In addition, 76% of female headed cassava farming households fell into annual income of below N500, 000 and they control 40% of the market share. The Gini coefficient was calculated to be 0.62. Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of the Probit Model shows that the coefficients of marital status (P<0.01), educational level (P<0.05), household size (P<0.01), income (P<0.1), and sources of livelihood (P<0.1) were the statistically and significant factors influencing poverty status among the female headed farming households in the study area. The results of the multinomial Logit model analysis show that the factors that statistically and significantly influencing the income inequality of female headed farming households in the study area, were coefficient of marital status (P<0.05), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit(P<0.05), and sources of livelihood (P<0.05) for low income earners. Educational level (P<0.01), access to credit (P<0.10) and farm size (P<0.01), were statistically and significant factors influencing income inequality or income distribution among high income earners among female headed farming households. Trading enterprise, cassava flour/garri processing, and palm/ groundnut oil pressing were major coping strategies employed by the female headed households to against poverty and income inequality. Based on the findings it was concluded that there was high income gap or income inequality among female headed farming households and they were poor. It was recommended that policies that will help create more credit access/programs in terms of loan at low interest rates for women should be implemented at all tiers of government to help mitigate and reduce the poverty among female headed household. Women should also be encouraged to diversify their sources of livelihood this will help them to have a relative equality or balance in their income levels all year round. Facilities should be made accessible to farmers, provision of rice processing equipment should be made available, more effort to empower women should be designed, contrac
{"title":"Socio-economics characteristics, income inequality, and poverty status of female headed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) farming households in federal capital territory, Nigeria","authors":"F. Alabuja, L. Anthony, E. Ebukiba","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the socio-economic characteristics, income inequality and poverty status of female headed cassava farming households in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total sample size of three hundred and three (303) households from the two area councils. The data were analyze using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index, Gini coefficients, Probit model analysis, and principal components analysis (Factor Analysis). From the results about 59.73% of the female headed cassava farming households were less than 50 years old. 31.35% of the female headed cassava farming household were married. The mean household size was about12.00 persons. The mean annual income was 374, 868 Naira. About 56.77% of the female headed cassava farming household were poor given a poverty line N9, 009.37. In addition, 76% of female headed cassava farming households fell into annual income of below N500, 000 and they control 40% of the market share. The Gini coefficient was calculated to be 0.62. Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of the Probit Model shows that the coefficients of marital status (P<0.01), educational level (P<0.05), household size (P<0.01), income (P<0.1), and sources of livelihood (P<0.1) were the statistically and significant factors influencing poverty status among the female headed farming households in the study area. The results of the multinomial Logit model analysis show that the factors that statistically and significantly influencing the income inequality of female headed farming households in the study area, were coefficient of marital status (P<0.05), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit(P<0.05), and sources of livelihood (P<0.05) for low income earners. Educational level (P<0.01), access to credit (P<0.10) and farm size (P<0.01), were statistically and significant factors influencing income inequality or income distribution among high income earners among female headed farming households. Trading enterprise, cassava flour/garri processing, and palm/ groundnut oil pressing were major coping strategies employed by the female headed households to against poverty and income inequality. Based on the findings it was concluded that there was high income gap or income inequality among female headed farming households and they were poor. It was recommended that policies that will help create more credit access/programs in terms of loan at low interest rates for women should be implemented at all tiers of government to help mitigate and reduce the poverty among female headed household. Women should also be encouraged to diversify their sources of livelihood this will help them to have a relative equality or balance in their income levels all year round. Facilities should be made accessible to farmers, provision of rice processing equipment should be made available, more effort to empower women should be designed, contrac","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82376027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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